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from pathogens or how plant defence strategies have evolved.
Published in Current Biology today, the identification of these evolutionarily conserved genes is shedding new light on the strategies that were likely critical for the expansion of plants onto land.
"We have shown that molecular responses to pathogen infection typical of modern flowering plants are common to very distantly-related land plants and may therefore be more ancient than we previously thought," says Dr Sebastian Schornack, who led the research team that undertook the study. "Despite fluctuating environmental pressures over a broad evolutionary timescale, these conserved genes have retained their capacity to confer pathogen protection in plants, including in important agricultural crops."
Bioinformatics expert, Dr Anna Gogleva, identified a subset of one-to-one corresponding genes (single-copy orthologs) in the liverwort and wild tobacco and analysed their level of activity during the infection. A number of different genes were activated in both plants, but a set of metabolic genes involved in phenylpropanoid (flavonoid) biosynthesis were highly activated in response to infection.
These gene families are often associated with the stress-response in flowering plants, providing increased protection against biotic or abiotic stresses caused by chewing insects, pathogens and nutrient or light stress. However, this was the first time that these genes had been functionally linked to pathogen defence strategies in liverworts.
"Pathogen zoospores germinate on the surface of liverworts and eventually colonise the liverwort tissues, but in some areas we saw an accumulation of a purple/red pigment in the liverwort tissues where the pathogen was rarely detected," says Dr Philip Carella, lead author of the study.
"We produced liverwort plants with mosaic pigment patterns - resembling military camouflage fatigues - that allowed us to compare pathogen resistance in pigmented and non-pigmented areas of the same plant and found the pigment provided some resistance to pathogen infection."
The enormous diversity of traits and species that we see in modern plants today speaks to the millions of years of evolution that enabled plants to survive in dynamic and contrasting environments across the globe.
"The conflict between organisms can be a very powerful selective pressure that guides their evolutionary trajectory," says Dr Schornack. "Genes involved in fighting specific pathogens can evolve rapidly - both in plants and animals. But we have also now found these broadly-conserved genes responding to pathogen infection in very distantly-related plants, which suggests that land plants have retained a likely ancient pathogen deterrence strategy that is much too useful to lose.
"Fossil evidence shows that plants have engaged in close-interactions with microbial life forms throughout their evolutionary history. Our research has uncovered a common set of pathogen-responsive genes shared in early-divergent land plants and more evolutionarily young flowering plants, which are all likely to have been critical for the expansion of plants onto land. Further comparative studies focusing on other distantly related land plants and their aquatic algal predecessors should reveal even more information about the evolution and role of these vital gene families."
Philip Carella, Anna Gogleva, David John Hoey, Anthony John Bridgen, Sara Christina Stolze, Hirofumi Nakagami, and Sebastian Schornack. 'Conserved Biochemical Defenses Underpin Host Responses to Oomycete Infection in an Early-Divergent Land Plant Lineage.' Current Biology (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.078
This work was funded by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation, the Royal Society, the BBSRC OpenPlant initiative, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC; NE/N00941X/1), and a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) postdoctoral fellowship to Philip Carella. Proteomic work performed in the Nakagami lab was supported by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>This post is mainly for fun. You will see part of the code (such as button’s style) in the next version of Story Creator. But this post will go beyond Story Creator. We’ll explore Windows 8’s gradient brushes, including XAML, HTML, and DirectX.
In this post:
- Why do we need gradients
- Gradients in XAML (related prototype: Button styles)
- Gradients in CSS 3 (related prototype: CSS gradient button)
- Gradients in SVG (related prototype: SVG Color Picker)
- Gradients in HTML 5 canvas (related prototype: Canvas Star and Planet)
- Gradients in Direct2D (related prototype: Direct2D Star and Planet)
- Gradients in math and physics
Well, the last part has nothing to do with programming. But I think it will be fun to talk about it, as the name is also gradient. 🙂
Why do we need gradients
Before diving into the details, you need to understand why do we need gradients. Well, a strong reason may be it is fun to learn them. That’s enough for personal interest. But we need a stronger reason for production.
In most cases, gradients are used to improve user experience, to create a smoother UI. Let’s compare a solid style button with a gradient style button:
I think most people will prefer the second style. In particular, when you click a button, you need to show some indicators. Without using a gradient, usually you change the background color, increase the border thickness, make the button a bit smaller, etc. This gives user a flat experience. But with the power of gradient, you can simply change the gradient stops’ color to show some 3D bevel effect:
Now you may wonder if the same effect can be achieved using bitmap images. To some extent, yes. But you need to be aware of the advantage of gradient compared to bitmap images:
- Gradient supports animations. For example, you can smoothly change one stop’s color during half a second. This can be difficult to achieve using bitmap images.
- When available, gradient is hardware accelerated. This is true no matter you choose XAML, HTML, or DirectX.
- Gradient is used on vector graphics. This means you can scale a graphic without losing quality.
- Unless your graphic is extremely complex, using vector graphics with gradient takes smaller disk space to store the graphic asset. Bitmap is usually bigger, especially if you need higher resolution.
- To reduce the package size, you may want to put the bitmap on the web instead of embedding it in the package. But then client has to download the bitmap. If you have a bitmap for normal style, another for clicked style, client has to download two bitmaps. In most cases the result will be cached by Windows, but this is still some extra web requests. Since vector graphics are usually small, you can safely embed them in the package.
So gradient usually gives you better performance and allows you to easily animate the content.
However, abuse the usage of gradient is a bad practice. It is generally expected to create a nice UI. But sometimes a nice gradient button will distract the user. For example, if you put a lot of gradients with bright colors in app bar, users may intentionally or unintentionally focus on the app bar rather than the application’s content. So usually in app bar, it is recommended to use some simple (but not ugly) styles, without gradient or animations.
So use gradient when you want to obtain user focus. Use it when you need to highlight some content, when you need to let users focus on an input form. If there’s no content to focus (such as a start screen of an app that contains some links to take user to different pages), using gradient will also make the experience smoother. But do not use gradient if it can potentially distract users.
Of course, when appropriate, gradient can also make a game much more beautiful. But I won’t talk about games today.
Gradients in XAML
OK. Now that you see why do we need gradients, let’s put it into action. All kinds of Metro style applications support gradient. Let’s start with the simplest: XAML. Most of you should already be familiar with XAML’s gradient, if you’ve worked with WPF or Silverlight.
Using gradient in XAML is very easy. Below is a code snip for a LinearGradientBrush. All you need to specify is its start/end point and a collection of gradient stops.
<LinearGradientBrush EndPoint=”0.5,1″ StartPoint=”0.5,0″>
<GradientStop Color=”#FFEBF9FF” Offset=”0″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#FF008BC7″ Offset=”1″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#FF00B8FF” Offset=”0.249″/>
<GradientStop Color=”#FF00B3FF” Offset=”0.93″/>
You can also use Expression Blend to design gradients. Expression Blend offers a very powerful gradient editor. If you haven’t played with it yet, I recommended you to watch this video by Dante. Sometimes a video is worth a thousand of words. 🙂
You can also use code to construct a gradient. LinearGradientBrush is just a normal WinRT object.
Like in WPF/Silverlight, you can use a gradient brush to paint almost everything: A control’s background, text, etc. And a brush can be reused by multiple elements.
There’s a limitation, though. Currently for Metro style applications, only linear gradient brush is supported. WPF/Silverlight also support radial gradient brush. One reason why radial gradient brush is not supported in Metro is it takes more computation power compared to linear gradient brush, even when hardware acceleration is available. In addition, at least in UI design, linear gradient brush is far more common than radial gradient brush.
If you do need radial gradient, you can still use it, but with some coding. You can use DirectX interop (which is supported in XAML but not in HTML). Later in this post, I’ll talk about how to use radial gradient in Direct2D. But today we don’t have time to discuss XAML/DirectX interop. I plan to discuss that topic in a future post. Meanwhile, if you want to explorer on yourself, check out this official Windows team’s blog post. You can also find several SDK samples related to this topic. After downloading the samples, check out those named Direct***.
Gradients in CSS 3
Now I’d like to switch your attention to HTML. Even if you’re a XAML developer, one day you may have to deal with HTML (for example, creating a web application targeting a mobile device that does not support Silverlight). So it’s essential to at least build up some basic HTML skills. If you’re already an HTML developer, but hasn’t looked into CSS 3, SVG, HTML 5 yet, now is the perfect time to start. Eventually you have to upgrade to newer standards.
In HTML, there’re at least 3 methods to create gradients. You can use CSS 3, SVG, or canvas. For now let’s focus on CSS 3. CSS is ideal for UI styling.
Using gradient in CSS is also very easy. For example, below is a linear gradient:
-ms-linear-gradient(top, #EBF9FF 0%, #00B8FF 24.9%, #00B3FF 93%, #008BC7 100%);
Note many features in CSS 3 are still in draft status. So you can’t just write linear-gradient. You have to put a -ms- prefix. If you wish to use the same style in browsers, you need to write multiple lines with different prefixes. For example:
-ms-linear-gradient(top, #EBF9FF 0%, #00B8FF 24.9%, #00B3FF 93%, #008BC7 100%);
-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #EBF9FF 0%, #00B8FF 24.9%, #00B3FF 93%, #008BC7 100%);
-moz-linear-gradient(top, #EBF9FF 0%, #00B8FF 24.9%, #00B3FF 93%, #008BC7 100%);
-o-linear-gradient(top, #EBF9FF 0%, #00B8FF 24.9%, #00B3FF 93%, #008BC7 100%);
This ensures your application works in all major browsers, as long as they support gradient. Gradient is supported by most major browsers, including IE 10. If you are sure you only need to support Metro but not browser, you can safely remove all other -***- prefixes.
Just like XAML, CSS gradient is also very flexible. For example, in order to assign the gradient to a button, all you need to do is to assign it to background-image. Well, a background image can be either a bitmap image or a vector image. In this case, we’re using a vector image with gradient.
background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(top, #EBF9FF 0%, #00B8FF 24.9%, #00B3FF 93%, #008BC7 100%);
The result is similar to what you’ve seen in the XAML version.
The downside of CSS compared to XAML: is in most cases you have to type the rules manually. Expression Web/Blend can help to some extend. But you still need to manually fine tune the styles. Fortunately, you can at least use Blend to design a gradient in XAML, and then refer to the colors to translate them to CSS.
A good news of CSS gradient is it also supports radial gradient, even in a Metro application.
For more information about CSS gradient, please refer to http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh441198.aspx…
As you can see, CSS 3 has simplified HTML development, to make it almost as simple as XAML (and in some cases, even simpler).
Gradients in SVG
You can also use SVG to create gradients. Remember CSS is usually used to style existing UI elements. SVG, on the other hand, is usually used to create complex UI elements that require user interaction (think of custom controls).
SVG offers an xml based mark up similar to HTML/XAML. You can think SVG as an extension to HTML. It allows you to use markup to define shapes like rectangles and ellipses. If you’ve never used SVG, you can refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVG to get started.
To define a gradient in SVG, you use a gradient element, and put it in the defs section (kind of similar to XAML resources). For example:
<stop offset=”0%” stop-color=”#00ff00″ stop-opacity=”1″/>
<stop offset=”100%” stop-color=”#0000ff” stop-opacity=”1″/>
To use the gradient, you assign it to an element’s style property:
<rect x=”0″ y=”0″ width=”100″ height=”100″ style=”fill:url(#gradient1);” />
What’s nice about SVG is every element is a DOM element. For example, you can handle the onclick event in the above rect, and do whatever you like. That’s one of the major reasons why SVG can be used to build interactive controls.
SVG is not only supported in Metro, but also supported on all major browsers. IE has native support for SVG since IE 9. Even on earlier versions of IE, you can find third party plug-ins that allows the browser to render SVG.
Gradients in HTML 5 canvas
One final gradient in HTML is the canvas’s gradient. In recent years, canvas has become a hot topic. But keep in mind that canvas is not needed for every application. Actually for most applications, you don’t need canvas. Canvas gives you an intermediate rendering mode, which is completely different from the remaining of HTML. When using canvas, there’s no DOM. So you have to take care of redraw and hittest yourself. You can compare HTML/SVG to XAML, while compare canvas to Direct2D. Usually you use canvas when you create games or other applications that require advanced graphics.
var outlineBrush = drawingContext.createRadialGradient(95, 95, 0, 95, 95, 95);
outlineBrush.addColorStop(1, ‘rgba(235, 255, 0, 136)’);
drawingContext.fillStyle = outlineBrush;
The last line assigns the brush to the canvas’s drawing context (obtained from canvas.getContext(‘2d’)).
As you can see, using gradient in canvas is not difficult. But a lot of code is required to create and draw shapes.
Some of you may have seen this C++ Direct2D 1Code sample I created a few years back for Windows 7 (and the related C# and VB version). Actually around that time, I also created an HTML version using canvas. Today I ported it to Metro, and found I don’t need to change a single line of code! This won’t always happen. But porting HTML applications to Metro is really not too difficult. This demo also shows it is possible to create graphics completely from code, without bitmaps.
Gradients in Direct2D
If you’re a XAML developer, you may be disappointed that you can’t use radial gradient brush. However, starting from Consumer Preview, you can now integrate DirectX contents directly into your XAML application. So actually you will get even more power compared to an HTML developer. However, the power comes with a price. DirectX does not natively support .NET. You have to use C++, or use a .NET wrapper for DirectX. The Windows API Code Pack for .NET is an official wrapper for Windows 7. It is not a part of Windows, but the code quality is very good. However, I don’t know if it will work for Metro applications.
Anyway, in this post, I’ll use C++. Traditionally, using DirectX requires a lot of code just to setup the infrastructure. Fortunately, now we have a project template that automatically generates all infrastructure code for us. This is supported when you create a “Direct2D Application” or a “Direct3D Application”.
Since this post is about gradient, I don’t want to go into the details about DirectX. If you are new to Direct2D, it is highly recommended to get started from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh780340(v=vs.85).aspx.
If you have experience with Direct2D on Windows 7’s desktop applications, you’ll notice while the majority code can be reused in a Metro application, there’re some differences.
First of all, a Metro application doesn’t have a window handle. You don’t get access to HWND. So you cannot use CreateHwndRenderTarget to create a render target for a window, and then draw to the window. Instead, you have to draw to a DirectX Graphics Infrastructure surface (DXGI surface). And instead of creating a render target, you create a device context. Below is the automatically generated code that associates the DXGI surface to the Direct2D device context. As you can see, the code creates a Direct2D bitmap from a DXGI surface, and then call SetTarget to tell Direct2D to render to this bitmap (instead of a window):
// Get a D2D surface from the DXGI back buffer to use as the D2D render target.
// So now we can set the Direct2D render target.
This means you have to create a Direct3D device, device context, swap chain, and a DXGI surface, even though you’re working with 2D. Fortunately, if you use the above Visual Studio project template, all those code are automatically generated for you. The generated code also contains infrastructure for DirectWrite and WIC (If you’re an existing Windows 7 C++ developer, you should be familiar with all those concepts). Even if you don’t
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picture.
In the case of xenon, the flash fires a very short ‘pulse’ of light. This pulse can be as short as approximately 1/25,000 (hence why xenon can freeze high speed movement). With a typical CMOS sensor the time difference between the 1st pixel being ‘read’ and the last is greater than this time. The result would be some pixels would be correctly exposed whilst others would be dark or even potentially black. To overcome this, the pixels are effectively read all at the same time. But to achieve this all pixels are turned on, the shutter opens, the flash fires, the shutter closes and the pixels turned off. And that’s why typically mechanical shutters have been needed in products such as n8, n82, n808. In some cases some latest generation sensors can read all their pixels at very high speed (note: again don’t ask me to comment on speculation or rumour) allowing xenon to be used. In some cases e.g. Nikon 1 series these later generation sensors are allowing for electronic shutters whi
ch can provide potential advantages in high frame rate scenarios which mechanical shutters would not be suitable for.
In some cases a hybrid approach maybe used e.g. a SE product of a few years back which featured xenon only used the mechanical shutter for flash but not other situations, which meant in that case it didn’t provide the following potential advantage….
With mechanical shutters, because the pixels are effectively read all at the same time it overcomes the motion skew effect which can typically occur with CMOS sensors due to the time difference between the first and last pixels being read. As the read time from CMOS sensors is increasing (shorter read times) this is becoming less of an issue in some cases.
Mechanical shutters do require additional space, there are no space advantages to them.
As for dust protection there is some theoretical advantage to them but in practice (at least in my experience) I have seen dust penetration in all cameras, there is a fundamental limit to what can be done to prevent dust penetration.
Hope that clarifies things.
So what does this all mean in terms of performance in a camera? and more importantly a camera phone? Well first off there’s the undeniably cool effect of having your shutter pop open and close ; I think this engadget comment captures it perfectly:
On a more serious note the main advantage of having a mechanical shutter on a camera (not a phone) is the ability to use it with an optical viewfinder (rather than a live feed/viewfinder on screen); the benefit of this is a more realistic look at what you’re capturing, plus saving on battery life (because you’re not using the screen – or really anything else). The second benefit comes in terms of production, although using a mechanical shutter is more expensive than just switching off the sensor it does allow for the usage of cheaper less complicated sensors (that can focus on doing their job), further more mechanical shutters take up less space inside a camera module than electronic sensors (for reasons I can’t understand); this is kind of important when trying to keep a camera phone as compact as possible (although I doubt the difference between the two can be *that* great).
In terms of actual photographic results mechanical shutters provide slightly better results by completely blocking off any light to the sensor; preventing any overexposure of pixels and ghosting of images while the first one is being processed:
Once the mechanical shutter is closed, circuitry is then used to shift the charge from each pixel into a storage area. Since the pixels on the sensor remain “live” during readout, if the shutter remained open, light would continue to alter the charge accumulated by each pixel during the shifting operation which could result in blur or ghosting.
Of course mechanical shutters also have the added benefit of providing a “dust barrier” to the lens, protecting it from scratches and other nasty stuff.
On the other hand Mechanical shutters are slower to react than electronic ones, meaning they limit your shutter speed, as well as throw off the synchronized timing of the flash firing and the image being captured.
Honestly the topic is pretty complicated, and I’m an imaging newbie, but I thought it would be an interesting read; for a more detailed explanation check out this great article over here:
If anyone would like to add something to this please feel free to chip in down below
And of course who wouldn’t his camera to look like this?
Here’re some useful points/corrections that Werner Ruotsalainen pointed out in the comments:
Why not? See below.
“Honestly the topic is pretty complicated, and I’m an imaging newbie, but I thought it would be an interesting read; for a more detailed explanation check out this great article over here: http://www.steves-digicams.
com/knowledge-center/why- digital-cameras-have- mechanical-shutters.html#b”
Well, this article doesn’t mention a LOT of things: blooming and, also very importantly, rolling shutter. Both affect electronic shutters in most cases really bad.
“On a more serious note the main advantage of having a mechanical shutter on a camera (not a phone) is the ability to use it with an optical viewfinder (rather than a live feed/viewfinder on screen); the benefit of this is a more realistic look at what you’re capturing, plus saving on battery life (because you’re not using the screen – or really anything else).”
??? Are you sure you did mean “if you have a mechanical shutter, you don’t need to power / sample sensor at all because you can also use the optical viewfinder?” This isn’t really true.
1, if you use live view on mirror cameras, the sensor will be sampled all the time.
2, if you don’t, the system may decide to entirely power down the sensor to save power / keep the sensor cool.
3, nevertheless, mechanical shutters – and this is the most important part! – are always open even on DSLR’s with true mirrors, that is, an alternate way of light. They only close immediately before taking an image and AFTER setting exposure, based on the previous sensor readout (the optical way of light can only be used for PDAF, not for exposure / ISO setting). That is, there’s no difference between purely electronic and mechanical systems at all in this respect.
“Of course mechanical shutters also have the added benefit of providing a “dust barrier” to the lens, protecting it from scratches and other nasty stuff.”
VERY few mechanical shutters double as retractable / automatic lens protectors. Most of them are either in the lens (most P&S models) or directly in front of the sensor (all current ILC’s). The reason for this is simple: retractable / automatic lens protectors are prone to stuck (because of liquids / dust) / damaged by the user AND, in general, there are points in the line of light where a much smaller shutter can do, while the front lens, generally, is of much higher diameter than some of the inner lens.
If the lens protectors get stuck, the camera itself can still take images. However, if they also double as mechanical shutters, the camera itself becomes useless as it won’t be able to take pics at all.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>NOC Committee History
IUU Fishing and Seafood Fraud
NOC Committee Agencies
Recommendations and Actions
IUU Fishing FAQs
Seafood Fraud FAQs
Seafood Import Monitoring Program
Commerce Trusted Trader Program
Frequently Asked Questions
What is IUU fishing?
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing generally refers to fishing conducted in violation of national laws or internationally agreed conservation and management measures in effect in oceans around the world.
What are some examples of IUU fishing activities?
IUU fishing can include fishing without a license or quota for certain species, unauthorized transshipments to cargo vessels, failing to report catches or making false reports, keeping undersized fish or fish that are otherwise protected by regulations, fishing in closed areas or during closed seasons, and using prohibited fishing gear.
Who is most affected by IUU fishing?
IUU fishing poses a direct threat to food security and socio-economic stability in many parts of the world. Developing countries are most at risk from IUU fishing. For instance, total catches in West Africa are estimated to be 40 percent higher than reported catches. Many of the crew on IUU fishing vessels are from poor and underdeveloped parts of the world, and they are often subjected to unsafe working conditions.
What are the economic losses due to IUU fishing?
Due to the inherent nature of illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, it is difficult to accurately quantify the full global economic impacts resulting from these activities
However, there is little disagreement that it is in the billions, or even tens of billions
of dollars each year. Various
over the years have assessed regional levels of IUU fishing and developed estimates of global losses, but such estimates are based on data that is now many years old. Work is currently underway through the United Nation’s Food and Agricultural Organization to develop regional IUU estimate methodologies that can be regularly updated. Implementing the Action Plan’s recommendations will assist in getting a better handle on what the actual level of activity and impacts are so that they may be appropriately addressed. (http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0004570)
How does IUU fishing affect the seafood industry and U.S. consumers?
By dodging conservation and management measures, companies engaging in IUU fishing can cut corners and lower their operating costs. As a result, their illegally caught products provide unfair competition for law-abiding fishermen and seafood industries in the marketplace.
How much is at risk from the perspective of the U.S. economy?
U.S. consumers spent an estimated $82.6 billion for fishery products in 2012. By producing and marketing a variety of fishery products for domestic and foreign markets, the commercial marine fishing industry contributed $42 billion (in value added) to the U.S. Gross National Product.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Researchers, students and volunteers gathered in La Sabana Park, west of downtown San José, over the weekend to count and classify animals, insects, trees, and other species that can be spotted there.
The species count, or “Taxathon” (Taxonomic Marathon), seeks to evaluate the impact of a six-year-old project to replace non-native tree species predominant at the popular park with native species in order to promote biodiversity and bring Costa Rican wildlife back to the park.
The initial results? While La Sabana is known as the home of the National Stadium as well as other sports facilities, preliminary Taxathon data show the park is also home to 347 species of plants, mammals, birds, insects and molluscs.
Researchers from various universities are currently evaluating the results and will issue a final report in late April. They say, however, that the survey is already showing an impressive spike in the number of species at the park, some of them never seen before in the area.
The group found 290 species of plants that were new to La Sabana; 41 species of birds; four species each of bats and dragonflies; three species of snails; two species each of flies and two of mammals; and a new shrimp and aquatic mite species.
New resident species
Armando Soto, a botanist and the project’s technical coordinator, hired by Scotiabank, told The Tico Times that the count shows the tree-replacement project is indeed paying off.
He said that, for example, a species count conducted in 2008 found only 13 species of birds at La Sabana.
“Now you can see more than 100 species in total, including those 41 we found over the weekend,” he said. “This is mostly thanks to the more than 200 species of trees and plants, all native to Costa Rica, that now populate the park.”
The tree-replacement project is also attracting new species of birds that were never spotted there.
“One of them, the Fulvous whistling duck (Dendrocygna bicolor) could only be seen at the Palo Verde wetlands, and now they also come here,” Soto said. They group also found a species of hawk that is not only visiting, but also nesting in La Sabana trees.
One of the most exciting news was the finding of four species of bats, a species never seen here before the project. They were attracted by fruits and nectar from new trees and are now playing a key role in pollination cycles, Soto said.
“Bats are also great for controlling mosquito populations. One bat is capable of eating 60,000 mosquitoes in one night. I’ve heard experts saying bats would be a great solution against dengue or Chikungunya,” he said.
Professor Mery Ocampo, a researcher from the State University at a Distance (UNED)’s Green Footprint Project, told The Tico Times that the Taxathon also is bringing the general population closer to science and to scientific knowledge.
She noted that these events allow people to better understand and appreciate the environment.
“If people knew more about bats and how important they are to nature, they wouldn’t be so cruel as to kill them, or fear them, or spread fake beliefs that all bats are vampires and suck blood,” she said.
Soto agreed, and added that there are some 120 species of bats in Costa Rica. Only one of them consumes blood, usually from cattle.
The initiative began as joint effort from public and private sector companies, lead by the Costa Rican Sports and Recreation Institute — the park administrator — and Scotiabank. Other groups and agencies since have joined the project known as “Una Nueva Sabana” (A New Sabana).
The project started in 2008 with an initial assessment and evaluation of resident species. The tree-replacement stage started in 2011 to improve the park’s biodiversity by planting 5,000 trees of native species and removing non-native trees.
Among other species, volunteers over the years have planted sura (Terminalia oblonga), guarumo (Cecropia obtusifolia), jobo (Spondias mombin) and Guanacaste trees (Enterolobium cyclocarpum).
These trees are replacing eucalyptus trees, the predominant species within the park ’s 72 hectares. While eucalyptus trees thrive in tropical climates, they fail to attract native species of birds, mammals or insects, experts found during the first stage of the project.
In another part of the plan, project managers coordinated with the Prison System to use wood from the cut eucalyptus trees to build benches and trash cans that now serve park visitors.
The project is approximately 1,200 trees from its overall planting goal, Scotiabank reported.
See a video of one of the tree-planting journeys (in Spanish)
Soto said they this year’s species count did not include fish in La Sabana’s pond, but they will be evaluated in a future Taxathon that will likely take place during the rainy season.
“We didn’t include fungi, either, as they’re not easy to find during the dry season,” he said.
UNED’s Ocampo said a rainy season Taxathon will allow project leaders to establish a relation between frequency and abundance of species and their evolution according to climatic variables.
The final analysis and species count is currently in the hands of researchers from UNED, the University of Costa Rica, the National University, and the Costa Rican Ornithological Association.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Documenti di viaggio
I documenti richiesti di cui deve essere in possesso sono i seguenti:
- Carta d'identità
- Passaporto
- Visto…
È necessario che Lei sia munito di un passaporto valido, di un visto d'ingresso nel Paese di destinazione e del biglietto aereo. Il controllo della data di validità e l'eventuale rinnovo dei suddetti documenti sono sotto la Sua esclusiva responsabilità. Lei ha l'obbligo di adempiere a tutte le formalità richieste da ciascuno dei Paesi di provenienza, di destinazione e di transito e di esibire tutta la documentazione richiesta.
La Royal Air Maroc porta all'attenzione dei suoi passeggeri le infromazioni amministrative e sanitarie necessarie ai fini delle formalità Visti e Vaccini. Queste informazioni sono comunicate secondo le informazioni più recenti accessibili dalla compagnia per ogni paese in questione. La Royal Air Maroc non è in nessun caso responsabile della natura ne tanto meno del costo delle condizioni di entrata e di passaggio nei paesi che serve. Sta ad ogni passeggero rispettare le esigenze dei paesi di destinazione o di corrispondenza, a proprio carico, e la compagnia declina ogni responsabilità in caso al passeggero non sia permesso entrare o passare in un paese perché non ha rispettato tali esigenze.
Per prenotare un volo verso il Marocco, acceda alla sezione Prenotazioni e promozioni. Saranno sufficienti pochi clic per completare la Sua prenotazione.
Informazioni che il passeggero è tenuto a comunicare
Le autorità governative di tutto il mondo hanno intensificato considerevolmente le misure di sicurezza negli aeroporti, per garantire l'incolumità di tutti i viaggiatori. A tale scopo, esse richiedono ai passeggeri di fornire determinate informazioni che li riguardano.
- Numero di passaporto
- Paese che lo ha rilasciato
- Data di scadenza
- Nome di battesimo dichiarati sul passaporto
- Cognome
- Sesso
- Data di nascita
- Nazionalità
Potrà tuttavia aggiungere o modificare le informazioni relative alla Sua prenotazione in qualsiasi momento dopo aver effettuato la prenotazione e prima del check-in, accedendo alla sezione Gestione delle mie prenotazioni.
Informazioni
Attenzione: alcuni paesi esigono un passaporto valido per diversi mesi dopo la data prevista per il ritorno. Altrimenti, un biglietto di ritorno o di proseguimento di viaggio può anche essere richiesto.
Informazioni
Si prega di notare che alcuni paesi richiedono alle compagnie aeree di fornire alcune o tutte le informazioni sui passeggeri in loro possesso.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- We strive to provide complete care for our patients. Learn more about all the services we provide.
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|Children Develop Caregiving Skills with Pets|
Children in homes with pets have great opportunities to develop critical caregiving abilities and social skills. When children are encouraged to participate in caring for family pets at age appropriate levels they can begin to learn how to nurture and care for others.
Pets are not threatening and can be stress reducers for children. Providing simple care based on a child's individual abilities will sow seeds of joy and responsibility.
Caring for pets is a neutral activity that is almost always a good fit for children. Use these tips:
Check with your veterinarian for more ideas to create the best home for your pets.
Gail Melson, author of Why the Wild Things Are: Animals in the Lives of Children has been watching animals and
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ayı alır ve birileri gelmeden kaçabilirdi.
Lundy uygun fırsatı kolladı. Yaşlı adamı tek kaldığı bir anda
balon alıyormuş gibi yaparak ona doğru yürüdü. Adamın doğruca
çenesine sert bir yumruk attı. Yaşlı adam yere düştü ve sersemledi.
Lundy hemen diz üstü çökerek çeşmenin tabanındaki yarığa doğru
elini uzattı.
Bu arada yere düşen yaşlı adamın elinden kurtulan balonlar
gökyüzüne doğru yükseldi. Parktaki ve caddedeki insanlar tarafından
rahatlıkla görülebilecek bir düzine tehlike işareti Lundy
için büyük tehlike oluşturacaktı. Lundy parayı cebine koyup
ayağa kalkarken dönüp bir polis ile göz göze geldi. Sakin
yürümeye çalışırken karşısına başka bir polis çıktı.
Bak hele! diye bağırdı polis. Yaşlı Joenun nesi var?
Bilmiyorum ben bir şey yapmadım dedi Lundy. Fakat yaşlı
balon satıcısı kendine gelmiş ve olup biteni anlatmaya başlamıştı
bile. Polis sertçe Lundyye doğru dönerek kızgın bir tavırla
sordu:
Hastaneden daha yeni çıkmış bir yaşlı bir adama ne diye vuruyorsun?
Lundy şaşırdı: Hastaneden yeni çıkmış mı? diye sordu
Elbette. Joe bir aydır hastaydı. Bir ay boyunca mekanı olan
bu çeşmenin yanının boş olduğunu farketmedin mi? Yirmi yıldır
ilk defa yerinden ayrılmıştı
Hey sen! Elini hemen cebinden çıkar! Silah değil değil mi?
Sadece kağıt mı cabindeki? Neyse benimle merkeze kadar gelip
onları komsere bir göster bakalım.
||Final
Break
||Son
Veda
Ian S. Thompson
They had been walking along Oxford Street. Now they stopped
Gregs hand on her arm.
This is the place he said. I thought you might get the sort
of thing you liked here.
Helen nodded but there were tears in her eyes as she looked
through the shop-window. The new hat had been his idea not hers.
What about the black one? He pointed. It would go with your
suit!
Her lips trembled. One of the little things she loved so much
about him was the really genuine interest he had always taken
in what she wore. It had made you feel young somehow loved though
in your heart you knew you were young no longer.
Yes. Yes it would wouldnt it? She care¤¤¤¤y avoided meeting
his eyes because there was so much in her own eyes that he must
never see.
They went into the shop. A clerk appeared to wait on them.
Helen described the hat. It was in the window.
She was wishing now that they had never come into the shop.
But Greg had been insistent. He wanted to give her something.
A parting gift he had called it.
He was smiling now out of blue untroubled eyes. Which surprised
her. And yet why should it she asked herself as she took the
hat from the clerk and placed it on her blue-gray hair?
She had always tried to be modern and part of modernity was
to see these things through bravely when and if they came.
Her mind turned back. And she saw herself in the hat shop mirror
not as someone in a black tailored suit but as a bride. Smiling
radiant on Gregs arm. At least they had said she had looked
like that. She had never thought of it never cared. She had
been so completely so blindly happy.
Five minutes later they were out again in the sunshine of the
street and Greg after looking at his watch suggested tea.
I know a place- There was an expression of excitement in his
eyes which she could not understand. Youll like it there.
It was a small very ordinary café in one of the side streets
off Oxford Street. He ordered for them both and then leaned
back.
He didnt speak but his hand came out across the table and took
hers.
Please God dont let me cry she prayed. Not now. Not so
long as hes with me.
The tea arrived. He drank one cup quickly lit himself a cigarette
and then said:
Youre quite certain that you want to stay on in that house
alone? I mean- well I feel rather badly about the whole thing
and if theres anything I could do-
There was one thing but it would have been hysterical weakness
to have suggested it. She shook her head. She didnt want him
to have any feelings of regret any pains of conscience. It had
been wonderful having him for all those years.
No really she said. Itll be all right.
But he still didnt seem satisfied.
Theres another thing Id like to mention he said. I didnt
say anything about it before because I know- well I know how
sensitive you are about that sort of thing- He broke off and
then went hurriedly on his eyes avoiding hers. Its money.
Ive arranged with the bank
The color came at once to her cheeks. Not because of any false
pride. That was a luxury you couldnt afford if you had no one
to support you. But-
Oh Greg you shouldnt she said with embarrassment.
He brushed that aside. Angrily almost.
Why not? Its something I want to do. And Sandra- He mentioned
the girls name- She agrees. We were talking about it last
night.
Sandra
. We
. How easily familiarly he spoke of her. Helen thought
with an ache. And yet two months ago they hadnt even met. Two
months
. Was it really only that time since hed gone up to
London on that business trip?
She had realized of course after he came back that there was
something although he hadnt actually said a word then. Some
deep-rooted womans instinct had warned her that he wasnt all
hers any longer that she was sharing him with someone else.
A girl. Young fresh and lovely. The imagined picture had filled
her with a sense of panic. He had changed his job for a better
one and gone up to live in London. For a month she hadnt seen
him. And she had never met the girl.
Sandra
She worked in the advertising business he had told her.
And very clever. But that didnt matter to Helen. When you have
loved somebody with every part of you you did not think of cleverness
in considering that younger person to whom you were losing him.
Was she really nice? Would she work to keep him happy as you
had tried to do?
But Sandra
The name had a sharp quality. You couldnt imagine
a girl with a name like that being- Helens eyes were drawn
to a girl who had just walked into the café who was looking
around hesitantly- well like that for instance.
Then the girl turned. She was beautiful with a shy sweet loveliness
that caught at your heart. Helen stayed quite unconscious that
she was staring. And then her eyes widened in surprise as she
saw Greg rise to his feet. The girl was hurrying towards their
table.
So you were able to get here darling! She heard Gregs voice
and then he had turned was smiling down at her. A little surprise
he said. This is Sandra Mother. Tomorrows happy bride!
Ian S. Thompson
Oxford Caddesi boyunca yürüyorlardı. Ve şimdi Gregin eli
onun kolunun üstünde durdular .
İşte burası dedi. Düşündüm de hoşuna gidecek şeyi buradan
alabilirsin buradan.
Helen başıyla onayladı ama vitrinden içeri bakarken gözlerinde
yaş vardı. Yeni şapka onun fikriydi kendinin değil.
Şu siyah olana ne dersin? diye eliyle gösterdi. Elbisenle
iyi giderdi.
Kadının dudakları titredi. Onun hakkında bu kadar çok sevdiği
yanlarından biri de kendisinin ne giydiğine gösterdiği gerçekten
samimi ilgisiydi. Her ne kadar aslında artık genç olmadığını
bilsen de bu kendini genç ve sevilen biri gibi hissettmeni
sağlardı.
Evet. Evet iyi giderdi değil mi? Özenle onun gözleriyle
buluşmaktan kaçındı çünkü kendi gözlerinde onun görmemesini
gerektirecek çok şeyler vardı.
Dükkana girdiler. Bir tezgahtar belirdi yanlarında hizmet
etmek için.
Helen şapkayı tarif etti. Vitrinde duruyordu.
Şu anda dükkana hiç gelmemiş olmayı diledi. Ama Greg ısrar
etmişti. Ona bir şey vermek istemişti. Bir ayrılık hediyesi
demişti adına.
Gülümsüyordu şimdi üzgün olmayan dertsiz gözlerle. Bu da Heleni
şaşırttı. Ve ama neden diye sordu kendine ? Şapkayı tezgahtardan
alıp ve mavi-gri saçlarının üzerine yerleştirdiği anda;
Her zaman modern olmaya çalışmıştı ve modernliğin bir parçası
da gelişen olayları geldikleri zaman ve şartlarda cesurca
karşılamaktı.
Zihni bir an eskilere gitti. Ve şapka dükkanındaki aynada
kendini terziye diktirilmiş siyah bir takım elbise içindeki
biri olarak değilde bir gelin olarak gördü. Gregin kollarında
gülümseyen ve mutluluktan uçan. Herkes öyle göründüğünü söylemişti.
Bunu hiç aklına getirmemiş hiç umursamamıştı. Şimdiye kadar
öylesine bütünüyle ve kör bir şekilde mutlu olmuştu ki
Beş dakika sonra tekrar dışarıda güneş ışığıyla parlayan caddedeydiler
ve Greg saatine baktıktan sonra çay içme teklifinde bulundu.
Bir yer biliyorum_ Gözlerinde Helenin anlayamadığı bir
heyecan ifadesi vardı. Orayı seveceksin.
Bu Oxford Caddesinden uzak yan caddelerden birinde küçük
oldukça sıradan bir kafeydi. İkisi için de sipariş verdi ve
sonra geriye yaslandı.
Konuşmadı ama eli masanın üzerinden uzanıp Helenin ellerini
tuttu.
Lütfen Tanrım ağlamama izin verme diye yalvardı Helen.
Şimdi olmasın. Benimle birlikte olduğu süre boyunca değil.
Çaylar geldi. Bir Fincanı çabucak içti kendine bir sigara
yaktı ve şöyle dedi:
O evde tek başına kalmak istediğinden tamamen emin misin?
Demek istediğim- yani bütün bu olanlar hakkında kendimi oldukça
kötü hissediyorum ve eğer yapabileceğim bir şey varsa_
Bir şey vardı ama bunu teklif etmek histerik bir zayıflık
olurdu. Başını iki yana salladı. Onun hiç bir pişmanlık ya
da vicdan azabı duymasını istemiyordu. Yıllardır ona sahip
olmak bile çok güzeldi.
Hayır gerçekten dedi Helen. Yakında düzelir.
Ama o halen tatmin olmuş görünmüyordu.
Bahsetmek istediğim başka bir şey var dedi. "Daha
önce bunun hakkında hiç bir şey söylemedim çünkü biliyorum-
yani bu tür konularda ne kadar duyarlı olduğunu- Konuşmasını
birden kesti ve sonra aceleyle devam etti gözlerini ondan
kaçırarak. Konu para. Bankayla ilgili düzenlemeleri yaptım
Hemen yanaklarına renk geldi. Bu hiç de sahte bir gurur nedeniyle
değildi. Eğer sana destek olacak kimsen yoksa; gurur konusu
yapmayacağın bir lüx sayılırdı. Ama-
Ah Greg yapmamalıdın dedi utanarak.
O buna aldırmadı bile. Neredeyse sinirli şekilde.
Neden olmasın? Bu yapmak istediğim bir şey. Ve Sandra- Kızın
ismini söyledi- O da aynı fikirde. Geçen gece bu konu hakkında
konuşuyorduk.
Sandra
. Biz
. Ne kadar da kolay ve samimi bir ifadeyle konuştu
onun hakkında diye düşündü Helen acı içinde. Ve iki ay önce
henüz tanışmamışlardı bile. İki ay
. Gerçekten de şu iş gezisi
için Londraya gitmiş olması gerçekten bu kadar mıydı?
O döndükten sonra elbette farketmişti bir şeyler olduğunu
her ne kadar o zamanlar gerçekten bir kelime bile etmediyse
de. Bir çeşit derinden gelen kadın içgüdüsü kendisine artık
tamamen sahip olmadığı ve onu bir başkasıyla paylaşıyor olduğu
hususunda onu uyarmıştı
Bir kız. Genç canlı ve sevimli. Hayalindeki resim onu bir
panik duygusuyla doldurdu. Greg ise işini daha iyi bir işle
değiştirmişti ve yaşamak için Londrada gitmişti. Bir ay boyunca
onu görmemişti. Ve kızı da daha önce hiç görmemişti.
Sandra
Reklamcılık işinde çalıştığını söylemişti kendisine.
Ve çok da zeki olduğunu. Ama bu Helen için önemli değildi.
Birini tüm kalbinizle sevdiğinizde bu sevdiğiniz kişiyi uğruna
kaybediyor olduğunuz daha genç insanın zekiliğini asla umursamazdınız.
Gerçekten güzel miydi? Senin uğraşmış olduğun kadar onu mutlu
etmek için uğraşır mıydı?
Ama Sandra
İsminin belirgin bir kalitesi vardı. Bunun gibi
bir ismi olan bir kızın böyle- Helenin gözleri kafeye yeni
girmiş ve kararsızca etrafına bakınmakta olan bir kıza takıldı-
mesela böyle biri olabileceğini hayal bile edemezdiniz.
Sonra kız döndü. Kalbinizi yakalayan utangaç ve sevimli çekiciliğiyle
güzel bir kızdı. Helen kızın bakındığını görünce bilinçsizce
bakakalmıştı. Ve sonra Gregin ayağa kalktığını görünce şaşkınlıktan
gözleri daha da açıldı. Kız onların masasına doğru hızla yaklaşıyordu.
Demek buraya gelebildin sevgilim! diyen Gregin sesini duydu;
ve sonra Greg dönmüş kendisine gülümseyerek bakıyordu. Küçük
bir süpriz dedi Greg. Anne bu Sandra. Yarının mutlu gelini..
||Ten
Steps
||On
Basamak
Robert
Littell
I
put on a clean collar. I was in our room on the second floor
where I could see into the Hubbels yard and the ring on the
stone post where they tie up their dog. The dog wasnt there.
The collar which I took off had two kinds of laundry mark
on the inside one mark from the laundry where I used to take
my shirts and a second mark from the present laundry. Then
I washed my hands.
The soap was worn down so that there was almost none left.
It was as soap that smelled like salad. I turned off the water
but the water still went drip- drip from the faucet. I dried
my hands. I hung the towel on the left end of the rod. The
right end of the rod is for Mae. The rod is glass and some
day it will come loose and fall down and break. I shut the
bathroom door so that I would not hear the drip-drip of the
water from the faucet.
I went into the room again which is for Mae and mine. On her
bed in the day time she keeps a French doll with big eyes.
Where the back of the bed hits the wall there is a mark. I
moved out the bed and I saw the mark. It is black and a yard
long. The doll fell of and I put it back on the bed so it
could not look at me when I went out. Then I went out.
I was is the hall and I shut my eyes. I didnt know what kind
of wallpaper there was in the hall. I thought that it would
be green but when I opened my eyes again it was more blue
than green with a woman with a basket and a lamp. Around the
door the wallpaper was cut off and there was only the lamp;
eight times from ceiling to the flour no woman and no basket
but only the lamp. I could touch to the ceiling when I stood
on my toes.
Next to our room is the extra room which we do not use. I
went into that. The back of the mirror was peeling off and
both windows were closed.
On the window there was a large fly and I opened the window
and drove him out and he flew away. And in the window frame
there was a long nail ;and I took off my shoe and drove in
the nail with the heel of my shoe. Then I put on my shoe again.
I measured the room by walking across in each direction from
one wall to other . It is ten by fourteen.
I came into the parlor from the door across from the desk.
The desk has three drawers down one side. I took out an envelope
from the bottom drawer and put some money in it and wrote
For Mae on it and put it on the top of the desk. The curtains
in the parlor were red. Where the sun hits them there is a
part that is not red but pink. There was a magazine on the
table called Movieland and I started to read it but I did
not read it. I went over the fireplace and looked at the rest
of the room from there and I saw the table and the carpet
and how two chairs were facing right towards each other. I
sat down on one of them and one of its legs was shorter than
the others and I got up and went into the kitchen.
In the kitchen I saw Mae shelling peas. She forces the peas
out of the shell with her thump and they fell into the bowl.
There were three peas on the floor and I picked them up and
put them in my pocket. The kitchen floor was laid in linoleum
with blue and white squares two inches squares. Mae was sitting
on a stool reading a paper placed in front of her. She did
not turn around when I came in. She said When you come back
bring some stove polish with you.
I said I was going now.
I went out through the back door into the yard. There I saw
my kid playing with some sand and toy truck and then running
the truck back and forth through sand. The sand was wet and
I could see the print of his hand on it. It was his left
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activities. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to wastewater and nutrient pollution, which consequently threatens the health and well‐being of hundreds of millions of people who depend on coral reef ecosystem services for nutrition, livelihoods and a safe living environment. With the influences of ocean warming and coral bleaching impacts, land-based pollution constitutes a significant additional threat that must be addressed with urgency.
This webinar will explore the link between land-based pollution and coral reefs. The experts will elaborate on the impacts that pollution, particularly wastewater and nutrient, have on the health of coral reefs and the consequentimplicationsforhuman health and the environment. They will also highlight case studies and best practices on how to address the impact of pollution on coral reefs.
The webinar is an event in support of the 2018 International Year of the Reef.
To register for the webinar, please use the following link: https://attendee.gotowebinar.com/register/8202508866479429889.
10.00 am to 11.30 am EAT, Nairobi time
The webinar is organized by the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (GPA) and the Coral Reef Unit of the Marine and Coastal Ecosystems Branch, UN Environment.
The Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (GPA) is an intergovernmental cooperation mechanism that aims to prevent the degradation of the marine environment from land-based activities. Initially established to address nine source categories of marine pollution - sewage, persistent organic pollutants, radioactive substances, heavy metals, oils, nutrients, sediment mobilization, litter and physical alteration and destruction of habitat - the Programme has, since 2012, focused on marine litter, nutrient pollution, and wastewater. Together with its partners and through the Global Wastewater Initiative (GW²I) and Global Partnership on Nutrient Management (GPNM), the Programme works on various issues related to sustainable wastewater and nutrient management including policy guidelines, technology, knowledge generation, capacity building and awareness-raising. The work of the partnerships is contributing to the implementation of the 2030 agenda, particularly SDG 6.3 and 14.1.
Together with its partners and through the Global Coral Reef Partnership, the Coral Reef Unit, addresses the environmental causes that lead to loss of ecosystems services and affect the health of coral reefs. It also supports countries deliver internationally agreed commitments through theecosystem-basedmanagement of coral reefs. The overall goal of the partnership is to promote and demonstrate ecosystem-based marine management in coral reef areas, in line with UN Environment’s Governing Council and UNEA decisions, and as a contribution towards international targets such as Sustainable Development Goal 14.
Michael Sweet – Associate Professor in Aquatic Biology, University of Derby
Michael Sweet is an academic at the University of Derby, United Kingdom. He hasa strong passion for the importance of public engagement in science and spent almost four years traveling around the world as a research assistant for numerous scientific projects. These included biodiversity index surveys in Asia and Africa. Dr. Sweet is currently the manager of the Aquatic Research Facility and director of studies for five PhDstudents and two masters. He also supervises numerous undergraduate research projects in their final year of study. To date, he has published more than 50 research articles in peer-reviewedjournals and won numerous awards including the Charles Darwin Award lecture from the British Science Association and staff excellence awards at the University of Derby.
Jon Brodie – Partner and Senior Scientist, C2O Consulting
Jon Brodie is a Senior Scientist and Partner at C2O Consulting and Professorial Fellow with the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Australia. For the last 30 years his interests have been in environmental research and consultancy and the management of marine and freshwater pollution. He managed the Water Quality Research and Management Program of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. His primary area of research interest is now associated with water quality issues for the Great Barrier Reef, but he has also worked extensively overseas, in the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific. Jon is also closely involved in policy advice to governments regarding management of water quality issues for the Great Barrier Reef. He was the lead author of the Scientific Consensus Statement in both 2008, 2013 and 2016/2017 documenting the status of knowledge and management for water quality issues affecting the Great Barrier Reef for the Queensland and Australian Governments.
Gil Jacinto – Professor, Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman
Gil S. Jacinto earned his Ph.D. in marine chemistry in 1988 from the University of Liverpool, England and is currently a Professor at the Marine Science Institute of the University of the Philippines Diliman. His work and publications on eutrophication and hypoxia in Manila Bay, one of the pollution hotspots in East Asia, provide a benchmark against which impacts of management interventions on a watershed scale in tropical country can be evaluated. He was co-principal investigator for the development of regional models of coastal effects focusing on Manila Bay for the GEF/UNEP Global Foundations for Reducing Nutrient Enrichment and Oxygen Depletion from Land-Based Pollution.
[email protected] (nutrients)
[email protected] (coral reefs)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>大多数车主有很多省油的方法，但是这些方法很多都是不可靠的。如果你仔细想想，良好的驾驶习惯无疑是z简单、z直接、也是z省力的方式。南充驾考的小编为你分享以下几点方法，希望对你有所帮助！
一、出去规划路线
在选择路线时，应遵循以下原则：多环路（高架），少城市道路；多右转，少左转；多道路，少道路；多绿灯，少红灯。尽量在时间和路线上避免交通堵塞，因为交通堵塞的油耗很高。
二、不要把车当作仓库
周围很多朋友喜欢把东西堆在车里。他们说是为了方便。为了营造一个流动的家的感觉，你可以把饮料，手提箱和衣服大力。他们只讨厌后车厢空间太小，放不下日常用品。但是，这些不必要的负载会增加车辆的油耗！
三、温和的驾驶安全和节油
开车时不要生气。适度驾驶不仅可以节省燃油，而且可以大大降低发生交通事故的可能性。
不要求高速驾驶不会给你带来太多的便利。发动机运转期间z省油的时间可能在转速表中间（通常发动机转速在2500转/分左右）。
在正常驾驶状态下减少制动车辆时，驾驶员应注意周围车辆的情况，避免在紧急情况下踩刹车。在减速过程中，应预留前进档，尽量少踩刹车，以达到少踏软踏的目的。
降低空气阻力，不要在屋顶上放置任何东西来增加阻力。如果有空调，z好不要打开车窗，因为打开的车窗也会给汽车带来额外的阻力。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sponsored
Sponsored
È un piccolo mondo
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Chiunque sia stato a Disney World ha probabilmente fatto il giro in barca, in cui i bambini di molti paesi diversi cantano la canzone impossibile da toglierti dalla testa, "It's a Small World". La canzone sottolinea quanto siamo tutti vicini, nonostante le tante barriere, usanze e lingue. Quella giostra ha recentemente compiuto 50 anni, quindi è stata effettivamente sviluppata in un'epoca in cui il mondo era ancora un posto molto grande, i viaggi all'estero erano riservati ai ricchi e le connessioni internazionali erano piuttosto insolite per la persona comune.
Mentre Walt Disney merita un po' di merito per aver reso il mondo più piccolo per i bambini, credo fermamente che mio padre, William C. Sturgeon, meriti il merito di aver unito i "mondi degli ascensori". Credeva nelle associazioni come “collante” per tenere insieme le industrie locali e nelle riviste come mezzo di comunicazione per le comunità di nicchia. Mentre scriveva sull'industria degli ascensori in vari paesi, ha cercato di aiutare l'industria di ogni nazione a costruire le proprie istituzioni. Ha incoraggiato i giornalisti a scrivere sul loro (nostro) settore ea scambiare idee con ELEVATOR WORLD negli Stati Uniti Grazie a ciò che ha incoraggiato, la seconda e la terza generazione qui a EW possono viaggiare in qualsiasi paese e trovare amici.
Mentre continuiamo il nostro 61° anno di attività, abbiamo compiuto passi importanti per rafforzare i legami formati decenni fa da Sturgeon e per costruirne anche di nuovi. L'industria degli ascensori in India non aveva una rivista fino a sei anni fa, quando Elevator World, Inc. e Virgo Publications sono diventati partner. Ora ci sono più di 8,000 abbonati a EW India. In Sud America, Sturgeon ha incoraggiato Carmen Maldacena a scrivere per EW, così come per Subir & Bajar, la rivista argentina, e così ha fatto, viaggiando in tutto il continente per riferire sull'industria latinoamericana dalla sua base in Argentina. Recentemente, Maldacena è venuto da noi per incoraggiare una partnership con quella rivista, prodotta dall'associazione Camara de Ascensores y Afines. In Cina, il nostro corrispondente di lunga data Peng Jie ha recentemente prodotto EW Cina per l'Expo mondiale di ascensori e scale mobili di maggio. È un altro corrispondente internazionale che, da giovane, ha incontrato Sturgeon ed è stato influenzato ad avvicinare i nostri mondi.
Infine, ma forse la cosa più importante, Elevator World ha acquistato la rivista turca Asansör Dünyası, che in turco significa "Elevator World". Molti anni fa mio padre incontrò l'editore di questa rivista, lo incoraggiò e gli diede il permesso di usare il nome in cambio di un flusso di informazioni dalla Turchia. Quando sua figlia, Yelda Beray, ha deciso di vendere la rivista, è venuta per prima da noi. Il nipote di Sturgeon e mio figlio, T.Bruce MacKinnon, si erano incontrati diverse volte con i direttori della rivista turca alle fiere di Istanbul, e ha guidato l'incarico per Elevator World di stabilire una filiale a Istanbul e consolidare l'accordo. Il supporto per l'acquisto è arrivato rapidamente da associazioni e aziende locali. Il resoconto completo dell'acquisizione è in questo numero accompagnato da un'esplorazione del mercato turco e dalla storia di Asansör Dünyası (P. 38).
L'argomento principale di questo mese è l'attrezzatura da campo. Un ottimo articolo di Continuing Education di Rob Wurth parla della Wurtec False Car — come installarla e usarla — con una grafica eccellente. Wurth mette in evidenza i suoi sistemi di sicurezza e include suggerimenti e programmi di ispezione. Concentrandosi anche sulla sicurezza sul campo, Paul Waters osserva che poco è cambiato nell'approccio che OSHA adotta nel nostro settore. Dice che continua ad essere "tutto bastone e niente carote", con l'OSHA che non dà enfasi al cambiamento volontario, ma solo alla punizione.
Gli eventi associativi e aziendali riempiono il numero di questo mese. Gli appaltatori statunitensi si sono riuniti a Tampa per l'istruzione in occasione dell'evento primaverile della National Association of Elevator Contractors (NAEC). La loro conferenza educativa di primavera ha battuto tutti i precedenti record di partecipazione, il che è di buon auspicio per il settore negli Stati Uniti .” Nel frattempo, in Germania, ThyssenKrupp Elevator sta costruendo una torre di prova dall'aspetto molto moderno, progettata dall'architetto tedesco-americano Helmut Jahn, nel mezzo di un'antica città, Rottweil. Sarà la seconda struttura più alta della Germania. Nel Regno Unito, Shorts Lifts ha celebrato 100 anni nel settore con un "open day", in cui il produttore di Bradford, nel Regno Unito, ha portato i suoi prodotti in un bellissimo sito vicino a Canary Wharf a Londra. A Mumbai, l'International Elevator & Escalator Expo ha avuto più di 65 visitatori e 10,000 espositori. Nel suo quinto anno, questo evento ha continuato ad attirare membri del settore, oltre a creare sviluppatori per mostre e sessioni tecniche. Questo evento ha avuto una mostra unica: un "Memorial Wall" con poster di leader del settore degli ascensori che sono scomparsi negli ultimi anni. Dei 175 veterani in primo piano, la maggior parte erano indiani; tuttavia, uno era europeo e tre provenivano dagli Stati Uniti - George Strakosch, Quentin Bates e Sturgeon - dimostrando ancora una volta che l'industria degli ascensori è davvero "un piccolo mondo dopotutto"!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Convertitore di valuta a New York City New York > Stati Uniti
Se siete interessati a dare un'occhiata a tutte le opportunità per gli investimenti esteri si dovrà essere abbastanza attenti a selezionare il miglior convertitore di valute a New York City fornitore di servizi.
Il rapporto di cambio è diverso da un fornitore di servizi a un altro, quindi è necessario selezionare l'azienda che offre le migliori tariffe per il servizio convertitore di valute a New York City .
Cambi non è disponibile solo per esperti economisti, si può anche calcolare il denaro necessario per aiutare una calcolatrice di cambio valuta.
Se fate una semplice ricerca sul nostro sito web, è possibile trovare un ampio elenco di fornitori di servizi che offrono convertitore di valuta a New York City .
Ora è possibile trovare un fornitore di servizi di cambio valuta nota dalla comodità della propria casa attraverso Internet.
Se avete mai fatto affari all'estero o viaggiato all'estero, si conosce l'importanza di un buon convertitore di valuta a New York City .
È un posizione di Stati Uniti. Il suo scudo ombrellone tutti storia ha portato viaggi a questo tempo giorni. La sua superficie è di circa 24 km. Il 14% dei turisti ha detto che è una città affascinante.
Comunicazioni all'interno Staten Island non sono molto buoni, ma non è questo il problema principale. Secondo le statistiche il problema di maggiore preoccupazione per il 22% della popolazione è la salute.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>天王星与月亮呈120度
这个分相具有原创及主动的想象力，从事新兴行业时，也有特别好的能力。他们的活力激出光亮的火花，不断引起其它人的注意，总是能想出各种新奇的点子。他们的家庭，父母及私生活的情感也与一般人不同。这种人会不断追求新奇的经验；他们无法忍受永远处于旧习惯、旧制度之中。
题目如果天使突然出现，送你一朵花，你直觉会是哪一种花呢?A、桔梗
网络时代，不仅拉近了人与人之间的距离，就连心情的传播更新也是异常<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>奈学：红黑树 (RedBlackTree) 的概述
1. AVL树与红黑树
AVL树是一种自平衡的二叉查找树，又称平衡二叉树。AVL用平衡因子判断是否平衡并通过旋转来实现平衡，它的平衡的要求是：所有节点的左右子树高度差不超过1。AVL树是一种高平衡度的二叉树，执行插入或者删除操作之后，只要不满足上面的平衡条件，就要通过旋转来保持平衡，而的由于旋转比较耗时，由此我们可以知道AVL树适合用于插入与删除次数比较少，但查找多的情况。
由于维护这种高度平衡所付出的代价可能比从中获得的效率收益还大，故而实际的应用不多，更多的地方是用追求局部而不是非常严格整体平衡的红黑树。
红黑树(Red Black Tree)，它一种特殊的二叉查找树，是AVL树的特化变种，都是在进行插入和删除操作时通过特定操作保持二叉查找树的平衡，从而获得较高的查找性能。
红黑树的平衡的要求是：从根到叶子的最长的路径不会比于最短的路径的长超过两倍。 因此，红黑树是一种弱平衡二叉树，在相同的节点情况下，AVL树的高度<=红黑树。
红黑树是用弱平衡来换取增删节点时候旋转次数的降低，任何不平衡都会在三次旋转之内解决，降低了对旋转的要求，从而提高了性能，所以对于查询，插入，删除操作都较多的情况下，用红黑树。
2. 红黑树的定义
AVL树的定义如下：
它一定是一棵二叉排序树；
它是一棵空树或它的左右两个子树的高度差的绝对值不超过1，并且左右两个子树都是一棵平衡二叉树，递归定义。
相对于AVL树，红黑树的定义明
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Kayıt ettiğiniz .sa uzantılı domain yönetiminizi ICANN Accredited olan Olipso kadrosuna bırakın!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Tien Sau Tong Hong Kong 姑嫂牌
香港天寿堂药行创建於清光绪六年(公元1880年)，创始人吴子芹先生。天寿堂药行自创建至今已有一百三十余年历史。据记载，吴氏祖籍福建诏安县人，因先祖於清乾隆年间致任於京都，受历史着名太医家传实验秘方；事因其女儿已及许嫁之年，经行半载忽闭，腰脊头痛，面黄体瘦，继而赤白带下，暗病丛生，访寻名医，药食无灵，几成不治之症，後得秘方制丸，朝夕吞服而癒。因此，吴氏先祖将秘方视为传家之宝，代代相遗。其後人吴子芹先生，自小聪慧，精研中西医理，游历各国，领教中西医学博士，药剂专家，集中外之大成，因笃信佛理，发誓创造济世，而於公元1880年在香港永乐街166号创办首间天寿堂药行，将历代从不外传之秘方制成成药施诸於世，屡用屡效，患者无不称其神效，然广传於世界各埠华人社会。公元1911年 因产品供不应求而於香港德辅道中168号自资购地建造生产制造及自设门市一体化之总行，是为当其时香港之大型制药厂。<公元1880年 於香港永乐街166号创立天寿堂药行>公元1933年 香港天寿堂深受大中华人民的认同及欢迎，因此业务扩展至中国内地，并於广州十八甫自资兴建4层高之国内旗舰店及於上海开设分店。公元1945年 历经日军侵华後，香港天寿堂药行虽然饱受创伤，但在第二代承继人吴秋权先生及其母亲李鸾英女士的努力之下得保迄立不倒。公元1951年 香港天寿堂在吴秋权先生带领下开始向海外发展，於同年在台湾台北市南京西路四十三号建立香港天寿堂行台厂。公元1960年 香港天寿堂药行之产品已风行各地，当其时已在中国、香港、台湾、新加坡、马来西亚、美国及加拿大等多个地方已取得药物注册、中成药注册、合格入口商等证书。公元1998年 香港天寿堂第三代承继人吴国柱先生，现为当代美国着名华人艺术家，因深受美国工业文化改革及先祖存心济世的影响，对於祖业香港天寿堂药行之旧有制药技术及管理文化有着必须改革的决心，其明白到没有好配套制不出品质良药，没有好品质保不住驰名品牌，没有好管理除不去劣质伪药；要保留祖业百年美誉，香港天寿堂药行必须进行现代化改革才能在市场上立足，因此其於公元2005年开始统筹一连串之改革，并於公元2006年投放一千万元港币，分别引入香港第三家拥有的丸剂制造生产线(灭菌式)及建设一所依据优良生产规范(GMP)模式之制药厂房，并於公元2008年落成。
暂时没有此商品。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>There are many reasons you need to go to a dentist office. Good oral hygiene is the main one, and we recommend that you visit our office biannually to receive proper care for your oral health.A: You might have a cavity if you are experiencing tooth sensitivity. It is wise to see a dentist as…
Oral Health Suggestions from Our Dental Office
Being a dentist means that we see all kinds of patients. Very often, patients want to know if there are things they can do in the course of their regular routine to make sure their teeth are in optimum oral health. While we know there is no magic way to make sure you do not have problems, we also know there are certain things you can do on a regular basis that will prevent you from needing excessive dental work.
Most of these things we will routinely discuss in detail when you come into our office for an exam. At-home dental care is just as important as regular dental visits. These include things like brushing your teeth at least twice a day for a minimum of two minutes, visiting our dentist office biannually, and using floss to clean the areas where a toothbrush cannot reach.
If you start to do these things on a regular basis, you will get in the habit of thinking about your teeth, and this will make it easier to follow some of the other advice you may receive.
Tips For Oral Health
Be Careful When Eating Sugar
As a dentist, one of the largest problems we see with teeth and oral health, in general, comes from the vast overuse of sugary products that cause an immense amount of damage to your teeth. You may already know this, but sugars help foster the growth of bacteria that normally occurs in the mouth, and this, in turn, works to increase problems like cavities and other issues like gum disease if not properly addressed.
What you may not know is that as bad as sugar is, sour or acid is just as bad, if not worse. Acids in products like the ever-popular sour gummy bears attach themselves to the teeth, where will they work with the acids already present in the bacteria to break down the tooth enamel, and this often leads to more cavities. With the increased popularity of sour and sugary treats, we have also seen an increase in the number of cavities in people who consume them on a regular basis.
Buy a New Toothbrush
While this may come as no surprise, it's important to change your toothbrush a minimum of two times each year. This means if your toothbrush is anywhere over six months old, it is time to throw it away and replace with new one. For people who use electric brushes, this means replacing your toothbrush head at least every six months.
If you are already a patient of our office, you know when you come in for your regular six-month visit, we will give you a new toothbrush. This is to serve as a reminder that it's time to replace your toothbrush or toothbrush head. Included in your little care package when you leave our office is also a box of floss.
What’s the bottom line?
This serves as a reminder that you need to floss your teeth a minimum of once a day so you are cleaning those hard-to-reach areas that your toothbrush cannot get to easily. Request an appointment in our Greensboro dentist office here: https://www.drcivils.com.
As a provider of dental exams in Greensboro, we are passionate about the oral health of our patients and the lifetime of their teeth. Other areas of your body may not require regular medical care unless there is a problem. Other than routine screenings, most people can go years without visiting their doctor. Your oral…
Tongue biting is a relatively common condition, and according to a general dentist, it could indicate a serious issue. Many people bite their tongue while sleeping and do not realize it until they wake up.Everyone likes to get a good night rest. It is not only enjoyable, but it also has incredible health benefits as…
A dental checkup is crucial for maintaining excellent oral health. The general dentist can discover many oral health conditions and cosmetic defects during a routine visit. Dental professionals typically recommend patients visit the dental office for a checkup once every six months.Knowing the possible conditions a dentist can discover during routine maintenance can help patients…<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>انتخاب خبر: عضو انجمن فیزیک هسته ای ایران با اشاره به مذاکرات هسته ای جمهوری اسلامی ایران و شش قدرت بزرگ جهانی گفت: تیمی که در روند مذاکرات هسته ای ایران و شش قدرت جهانی حضور پیدا کرد بهترین هنرنمایی را کرد.
دکتر محمد هادی هادی زاده یزدی در گفتگو با خبرنگار انتخاب خبر افزود: سیاست جمهوری اسلامی، پرونده هسته ای را به مرحله ای سوق داد تا ایران به مذاکرات هسته ای تن در دهد.
وی در تشریح دستاوردهای برجام اظهار داشت: مجموعه توانایی های کشورمان در دستیابی به دانش غنی سازی توانست مهارت چانه زنی جمهوری اسلامی ایران در ماجرای مذاکرات را افزایش دهد، و این بهترین دستاورد برای ایران بود.
فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه اوهایو آمریکا تأکید کرد: اما چنین دستاوردی که امروز در مورد توافق هسته ای به دست آمده می توانست از راه های بهتری، که آغاز آن در دولت آقای خاتمی بود، نیز به دست آید.
هادی زاده یزدی خاطرنشان کرد: به اینجانب ایراد گرفته شده است که زمانی مدافع غنی سازی بوده ام، اما چنین موضوعی صحت ندارد، چرا که هیچگاه طرفدار غنی سازی به صورتی که کار به ضرر جمهوری اسلامی ایران تمام شود، نبوده، اما همواره طرفدار مذاکرات در این خصوص بوده ام.
مخالفت ها با قرارداد برجام بیشتر جنبه سیاسی دارد
این تحلیلگر مسائل سیاسی در بخش دیگری از سخنان خود به کارشکنی ها درباره اجرای برجام اشاره کرد و گفت: در مورد مشکلات اجرای برجام باید مطرح کرد که هم در ایالات متحده آمریکا، و هم در داخل جمهوری اسلامی ایران، جناح هایی هستند که مخالفِ به سرانجام رسیدن قرارداد برجام می باشند و دست از کارشکنی های خود برنداشته اند و تقریباً در یک مسیر اقدام می کنند.
وی تصریح کرد: به عبارتی، مخالفت هایی که با قرارداد برجام صورت می گیرد، ریشه ای مشترک داشته و بیشتر جنبه سیاسی دارند و قصدآنها، تخریب طرف های مقابل است.
استاد فیزیک هسته ای دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد ادامه داد: اینکه الآن مشکلاتی در مسیر اجرای برجام پیش آمده به نظر می رسد ناشی از شنیده های مخالف، هم در ایالات متحده و هم در ایران، باشد.
برجام سند سازمان ملل متحد است
هادی زاده یزدی همچنین با اشاره به انتخابات ریاست جمهوری در ایالات متحده گفت: باید منتظر نتایج انتخابات ریاست جمهوری آمریکا بود، چراکه اگر آقای ترامپ، رئیس جمهور شود تقریباً قرارداد هسته ای زیر سؤال می رود.
وی اضافه کرد: البته از نظر حقوقی، قرارداد هسته ای ایران و شش قدرت جهانی مورد تصویب سازمان ملل متحد قرار گرفته و این قرارداد، سند سازمان ملل متحد است.
عضو انجمن فیزیک هسته ای ایران تأکید کرد: شعارهایی که اکنون آقای ترامپ بر علیه قرارداد هسته ای سر می دهد همچنان راه به جایی نخواهد برد و برخلاف آنچه که آقای ترامپ مطرح می کند، رؤسای جمهور ایالات متحده همگی از هر حزبی بوده اند همواره احترام همدیگر را نگاه داشته اند.
کار جمهوری اسلامی ایران با انتخاب آقای ترامپ دشوارتر خواهد شد
وی در ادامه تصریح کرد: به ضرس قاطع می توان گفت مسئله "حکم حکومتی"- یا Executive Order که، برخلاف ایران، درقوانین آمریکا پیش بینی شده و حتی از زمان آیزنهاور فرامینی وجود دارند که هنوز اجرا می شوند و رؤسای جمهوری بعدی نیز به آن هاپایبند بوده و هستند، رئیس جمهور آیندۀ آمریکا چنان عمل نخواهد کرد که با نفی کردههای پیشینیان خود، اعتبار کشور خود را در عرصۀ بین المللی به سادگی از بین ببرد.
هادی زاده یزدی افزود: هرچند که آقای ترامپ، نامزد احتمالی جمهوری خواهان ایالات متحده، می گوید که تمام اقداماتی راکه آقای اوباما در مورد قرارداد برجام انجام داده است، کان لم یکن خواهد کرد، اما این سخنان بیشتر جنبه شعار دارند تا واقعیت.
وی ادامه داد: با این وجود، کار جمهوری اسلامی ایران با انتخاب آقای ترامپ به عنوان رئیس جمهور ایالات متحده دشوارتر خواهد شد.
این تحلیلگر مسائل سیاسی اظهار داشت: البته احتمالی هم وجود دارد که آقای ترامپ حتی کاندید حزب جمهوری خواه در انتخابات آینده نباشد، مگر اینکه حزب جمهوری خواه حاضر شود مقدار زیادی از اعتبار خود را در عرصه سیاسی آمریکا از دست بدهد.
بانک های جهانی همچنان از برقراری روابط تجاری با ایران هراس دارند
هادی زاده یزدی در ادامه به مذاکرات روزهای اخیر مقامات ایرانی و اروپایی- آمریکایی پرداخت و گفت: بانک های جهانی همچنان از برقراری روابط تجاری و اقتصادی و بانکی با ایران هراس دارند، اما مذاکراتی که طی روزهای اخیر در لندن بین بانک ها و مقامات اقتصادی اروپا و مقامات بلند پایه ای از آمریکا جریان داشته است، ظاهراً با هدف رفع این موانع بوده است.
وی تأکید کرد: آقای سیف به عنوان نماینده جمهوری اسلامی ایران در این مذاکرات حضور داشت و این امیدواری وجود دارد که انجام مذاکراتی شبیه آنچه پنجشنبه گذشته در لندن انجام شد، مقدار زیادی از مشکلاتی که در مسیر اجرای برجام ایجاد شده و همچنین ترس هایی که در طرفین یعنی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و به میزان بیشتری در طرف اروپایی ایجاد شده است را مرتفع کند.
بعید به نظر می رسد قرارداد هسته ای در آینده ملغی شود
عضو انجمن فیزیک هسته ای ایران همچنین در پاسخ به سؤالی درباره آینده قرارداد هسته ای برجام با توجه به نتایج احتمالی دو انتخابات ریاست جمهوری در جمهوری اسلامی ایران و ایالات متحده آمریکا، تصریح کرد: بعید به نظر می رسد قرارداد هسته ای بین ایران و شش قدرت بزرگ جهانی در آینده ملغی شود.
هادی زاده یزدی تأکید کرد: برجام، سند سازمان ملل متحد است و این طور نیست که یک کشور قادر باشد یک طرفه آن را لغو کند، چراکه پیش بینی شده اگر کار به اختلاف کشید، موارد اختلاف به حکمیت ارجاع شوند.
وی افزود: این طور نیست که به صورت یک جانبه یکی از طرفین قرارداد هسته ای، این توانایی را داشته باشد که قرارداد را لغو کند.
موفقیت برجام در گرو سیاست تعامل ایران با جامعه بین الملل است
استاد فیزیک هسته ای دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، موفقیت برجام را در گرو سیاست تعامل جمهوری اسلامی ایران با جامعه بین الملل دانست و تصریح کرد: اگر برخی جناح ها در ایران ادبیات حرف زدن خود با کشورهای خارجی را عوض نکنند، جمهوری اسلامی در مسیر اجرای برجام چندان موفق نخواهد بود.
فارغ التحصیل دانشگاه اوهایو آمریکا اضافه کرد: البته این ادعا به آن معنی نخواهد بود که تداوم سیاست های "چند زبانۀ" جمهوری اسلامی ایران منجر به اجرای درست قرارداد برجام نمی شود، با این همه، مسیر اجرای برجام، طاقت فرسا و پرسنگلاخ خواهد بود.
ادبیات کلی جمهوری اسلامی باید با ادبیات وزارت خارجه منطبق باشد
هادی زاده یزدی گفت: ادبیات کلی جمهوری اسلامی ایران باید با ادبیات وزارت خارجه منطبق باشد، در این صورت روابط تیم دیپلماسی جمهوری اسلامی ایران هم با کشورهای خاورمیانه و به طور همزمان با کشورهای اروپایی و آمریکایی بهبود پیدا می کند.
عضو انجمن فیزیک هسته ای ایران با تأکید بر اینکه "سیاست باید بر شمشیر حکومت کند"، تصریح کرد: برخی فرماندهان نظامی در ایران در مقاطع مختلف زمانی از یک موضع مستقل درباره قرارداد برجام به اظهارنظر می پردازند، که چنین اظهارنظرهایی برای کشور و ملت ایران یک آفت است و باید مقامات رسمی و مسئول در جمهوری اسلامی ایران در مقابل چنین اظهارنظرهایی بایستند و با واکنش مناسب از تداوم ایراد چنین سخنانی جلوگیری کنند.
مانورهای سیاسی مقامات نظامی با قصد کارشکنی علیه دولت
وی خاطرنشان کرد: به یاد دارم که در زمان دانشجویی ام در آمریکا، یک ژنرال آمریکایی، خارج از وظایف حرفه ای، در یک موضوع سیاسی اظهار نظری عمومی کرد و کارتر، رئیس جمهوری وقت آمریکا، بلافاصله او را به کاخ سفید فراخواند و حکم عزل و بازنشستگی او را به دستش داد.
استاد فیزیک هسته ای دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد تصریح کرد: برخی اوقات در ایران سخنان و مانورهای سیاسی بزرگی از سوی برخی مقامات نظامی در مورد برجام و روابط دیپلماتیک ایران و جامعه جهانی، ایراد و انجام می شود که بیشتر جنبۀ چوب لای چرخ دولت تدبیر و امید دکتر روحانی را دارد.
دکتر محمد هادی هادی زاده یزدی در پایان تأکید کرد: امروز اختیار دیپلماسی باید در دست دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران قرار گیرد و خارجیان متوجه شوند که در ایران با یک صدا و با یک دولت و نه با صداهای مختلف سروکار دارند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A new research center, led by engineers and scientists at The Johns Hopkins University, plans to address these fears by creating new tools to gauge risks associated with hazardous waste sites and by developing new ways to clean up harmful pollutants. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently approved a five-year $5.2 million grant to launch this new Center for Hazardous Substances in Urban Environments
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Se questa immagine cattura il tuo sguardo, allora sei una persona molto orientata alla soluzione. Comprendi problemi complessi e vai a cercare la risposta giusta. Cerchi design e modelli nel mondo intorno a te per trovare rapidamente la soluzione. Rimani sempre completamente concentrato su come risolvere qualcosa piuttosto che soffermarti sulla questione.
La tua personalità si sporge decisamente verso l'estroverso se questo è il modello che hai scelto. Puoi guardare una situazione dal punto di vista di un estraneo e gli altri raccolgono i tuoi bei pensieri quando ti esprimi. Ami stare con gli altri e non fai nessuno sforzo per nascondere i tuoi sentimenti più intimi. Gli amici e la famiglia si divertono a farti stare in giro perché li fai sentire bene con sè stessi.
Sei introverso se hai scelto questa immagine. Hai il tuo piccolo mondo nella tua testa e spesso vivi nei tuoi pensieri. Sei molto consapevole di te stesso e questo si manifesta nella tua personalità. Puoi essere solo ed essere felice!
Sei attratto da cose belle e creative se hai scelto questa immagine. Non tutti possono vedere la bellezza degli oggetti come è possibile per te, una qualità piuttosto rara. La tua parte creativa ti avvicina alle arti e amerai sempre la creatività. Tuttavia, puoi anche essere un pò perfezionista.
Per l'immagine che hai scelto è stata la descrizione giusta? Fateci sapere cosa ne pensate nei commenti!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Parents with children at home should use ventilation when cooking with a gas stove, researchers from Oregon State University are recommending, after a new study showed an association between gas kitchen stove ventilation and asthma, asthma symptoms and chronic bronchitis.
"In homes where a gas stove was used without venting, the prevalence of asthma and wheezing is higher than in homes where a gas stove was used with ventilation," said Ellen Smit, an associate professor in the College of Public Health and Human Sciences at OSU and one of the study's authors. "Parents of all children should use ventilation while using a gas stove."
Researchers can't say that gas stove use without ventilation causes respiratory issues, but the new study clearly shows an association between having asthma and use of ventilation, Smit said. More study is needed to understand that relationship, including whether emissions from gas stoves could cause or exacerbate asthma in children, the researchers said.
Asthma is a common chronic childhood disease and an estimated 48 percent of American homes have a gas stove that is used. Gas stoves are known to affect indoor air pollution levels and researchers wanted to better understand the links between air pollution from gas stoves, parents' behavior when operating gas stoves and respiratory issues, said Eric Coker, a doctoral student in public health and a co-author of the study.
The study showed that children who lived in homes where ventilation such as an exhaust fan was used when cooking with gas stoves were 32 percent less likely to have asthma than children who lived in homes where ventilation was not used. Children in homes where ventilation was used while cooking with a gas stove were 38 percent less likely to have bronchitis and 39 percent less likely to have wheezing. The study also showed that lung function, an important biological marker of asthma, was significantly better among girls from homes that used ventilation when operating their gas stove.
Many people in the study also reported using their gas stoves for heating, researchers found. That was also related to poorer respiratory health in children, particularly when ventilation was not used. In homes where the gas kitchen stove was used for heating, children were 44 percent less likely to have asthma and 43 percent less likely to have bronchitis if ventilation was used. The results did not change even when asthma risk factors such as pets or cigarette smoking inside the home were taken into account, Coker said.
"Asthma is one of the most common diseases in children living in the United States," said Molly Kile, the study's lead author. Kile is an environmental epidemiologist and assistant professor at OSU. "Reducing exposure to environmental factors that can exacerbate asthma can help improve the quality of life for people with this condition."
The findings were published recently in the journal Environmental Health. Co-authors included John Molitor and Anna Harding of the College of Public Health and Human Sciences and Daniel Sudakin of the College of Agricultural Sciences. The research was supported by OSU.
Researchers used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, or NHANES, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics from 1988-1994. Data collected for NHANES is a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population.
The third edition of the survey is the only one in which questions about use of gas stoves were asked, Coker said. Participants were interviewed in their homes and also underwent physical exams and lab tests.
Researchers examined data from about 7,300 children ages 2-16 who has asthma, wheezing or bronchitis and whose parents reported using a gas stove in the home. Of those who reported using no ventilation, 90 percent indicated they did not have an exhaust system or other ventilation in their homes, Coker said.
Even though the study relies on older data, the findings remain relevant because many people still use gas stoves for cooking, and in some cases, for heat in the winter, the researchers said.
"Lots of older homes lack exhaust or other ventilation," Coker said. "We know this is still a problem. We don't know if it is as prevalent as it was when the data was collected."
Researchers suggest that future health surveys include questions about gas stove and ventilation use. That would allow them to see if there have been any changes in ventilation use since the original data was collected.
"More research is definitely needed," Coker said. "But we know using an effective ventilation system will reduce air pollution levels in a home, so we can definitely recommend that."<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>联想、华为两家集会，是柴纳成集会的类型代表。，他们是1000亿个大亨。，他们的扩张优于2500亿。。
但24年后，在机能关系上地上有很大的回旋。，24年前，联想的力极优于华为，广泛的回旋余地抢先华为，机能相当于华为的17倍。，但24年后，两个机能的大回旋，华为营收影响的范围联想使显老、净赚10倍联想，优于联想，为什么这最重要的东西？
两者都在初始开展手段上都是使巩固的。，这是胜任的的开展榜样。，但后头，鉴于华为任正非做出的勇敢决议。，够用，他们命定了两者都私下的裂口。，决议是什么？
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24年前，联想的扩张是华为的17倍。
24年后，华为的净赚简直是联想的10倍。
联想、华为两家柴纳优良集会，这同一代表了柴纳集会的国际化。，但在开展上有杰出的的发作。，24年，但它确凿发作了。、力大回旋！
联想到达较早，在初期阶段，骗子优于华为在第一步。。联想到达于1984。，1993，卖量优于30亿。，1992的卖量影响的范围1亿。。
华为到达于1987。，1992的卖量优于1亿。，甚至由于卖量优于1亿。，任正非在残冬腊月的开会上。，哽咽着说：笔者最后活了下。，笔者所结的无法解说的压力以后会提到。。
显然很早。，华为的力远次于联想。，联想到达早于华为，初期开展的攀登极大于华为的攀登。，1992，联想是华为的17倍。。
但在2014，两种卖攀登都发生胜任的的位。，华为业绩465亿雄鹿（2889亿），联想463亿雄鹿，除非前者的净赚是45亿雄鹿（约279亿人民币），后者净赚1亿元（1亿元）。，华为的净赚是联想的两倍。，条件做加法由联想分拆出的神州数码2014年的净赚亿港元，华为的净赚依然是这两家公司的两倍。，很骗子，顾客参加马拉松竞赛，华为在后半程优于联想。
2016公有经济年度，华为营收5216亿（约751亿雄鹿）、净赚371亿（1亿雄鹿），联想营收1亿雄鹿，净赚1亿雄鹿。华为的扩张兼任。，净赚简直是联想的10倍。。
在开端的时分，联想是华为的十倍多。，但买卖是参加马拉松竞赛。，华为显然赶上了后半一部分。。
为什么24年，联想的华为销售额是17倍，净赚仅为华为的1/10。，这落后于于的缘由是什么？
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两个注定的落后于于，表现两种性格
华为、联想的两家集会落后于于他们的开展注定。，终究表现两种性格！
华为、联想柴纳两个成的国际集会，它亦两种开展榜样的代表。。华为左它是勤劳教育的代表。，联想交易教育的另一旅行途打中、（重音符号营销和市集营销）、运营驱车旅行认为优先，更确切地说，技术、勤劳和交易。、和贸工技，两种榜样的分别。
但华认为优先要以技术为根底、技术驱车旅行旅行途打中，联想交易教育、运营助长与波道驱车旅行，但这反对票意思是华为的市集伸开最大限度的较弱。，应该说，华为的伸开同一号哭。，在B2B运营商范围，华为的卖力极端地很。，当华为大哥大，B2B榜样向B2C榜样的成构象转移，促销同一锐利。，解说华为的柄状物。，仅仅铁军才干打好仗。。
除非，显然华为是有竟争能力的。，技术驱车旅行或柄状物驱车旅行，华为是海内技术公司的代表。，华为在技术上的使就职优于海内技术，2014时期是2800亿、背诵与功绩使就职405亿，背诵与功绩扩张比率，2015华为营收3900亿，背诵与功绩使就职500亿，背诵与功绩扩张比率，在在上空经过的10年里，联想的背诵与功绩扩张从未优于2%的扩张。，背诵与功绩总成本为1亿雄鹿。，2014的华为背诵与功绩扩张的部分缺勤种类。。
在2016年，华为背诵与功绩使就职乍优于100亿雄鹿美国元，高达764亿元人民币。。
华为科学与技术、联想交易教育，这两种榜样私下缺勤对立的对或错。，不克不及说华为比联想好。，这意思是联想是不好的的。，可谓，他们是优良的集会。，归根结蒂，两者都都先前国际化了。，年卖量优于2500亿。
差不确实确信性净赚。，和联想的业绩-年卖量优于2500亿，年净赚优于37亿，也做错任何人小数量，柴纳缺勤几何集会。。
因而，缺勤打电话学给说联想出了成绩。，只说：两者都都是优良的。、极端地出色的集会，但华为显然是任何人高高的程度的杰出。，综合学校最大限度的强、综合学校力更强，优于联想。
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两种榜样落后于于 这是勇气和勇气的分别。
在使预备好，华为、联想终究也采用了类似物的旅行途打中。，它们都是交易和勤劳技术旅行途打中。，华为和联想使预备好代劳、交易榜样。
但在落后于于，由于任正非超人的勇气和精力。，做出勇敢的决议，让华为走上了技术驱车旅行旅行途打中，它们私下的种差也命定了。。
柳传志一次说过，像任正非平均，像华为，实则，它是以一种极端地独特的的方法呈现的。，据我的观点笔者做不到。，这是他的优点。。联想的方法，譬如，高科学与技术效果工业化的途径，去营地打电话学给十英里的行程。，再看一遍。，这是一很长的路。。华为确凿把技术放在前面。，敢花很多钱去。，实则，它在全大写字母很成。，他的勇气和胆量是我所缺勤的。。”
一开端，开展的途径是使巩固的。
但任正非的孤独背诵必然会发生杰出的的结果。
华为做错开端的技术旅行途打中。，1987到达的时分，它的初始旅行途打中与联想使巩固。。一开端，华为也开端了交易技术旅行途打中。。
缘由很复杂。，历史缘由截断，事先，柴纳的技术和陌生的结合有很大的差距。，技术背诵与功绩旅行途打中很难启动，又技术旅行途打中。，这打电话学给很大的风险。，一是技术背诵与功绩打电话学给技术根底、在另一支持，打电话学给特别基金支配机构资产。，归根结蒂，背诵与功绩打电话学给很多钱。，R&D反对票必然意思是使就职会成。，风很大。险。
例如，勤劳和勤劳技术旅行途打中不敷走得快、背诵与功绩力少妇是有理的。，一极端地打电话学给的途径。，归根结蒂，从一开端。，集会吸进是首领成绩，资产背诵与功绩、人才、技术请对立较高。，特别高技术产业，更多的钱花掉了。。例如，率先经过交易吸进，有必然根底后，有打电话学给做更远地的背诵和功绩。，例如华为一开端亦走了贸工技的旅行途打中，率先经过代劳交易吸进。。
华为和联想使预备好也走上了同一的途径。，但二者私下的分界开端于1990。。
1990年，联想的年卖量已影响的范围4亿。，这岁，华为的年营业额还缺勤打破1亿。，两年后华为的年卖量优于1亿雄鹿吗？，联想对华为来说无论怎样是十倍。。但华为的董事长任正非本年做出了勇敢的决议。。
在这岁，2年后，华为在Coun上找到了本身的分配建立任务关系。，任正非，像他后头打败了华为家般的温暖危機感。，状态华为继的思索。
1990年，任正非唐突的做出勇敢的决议，特权背诵与功绩交流。
任正非的孤独背诵与开展 在史无前例些人压力下
完全丧失的上等的、跳伞预备
任正非年度决议，就像场面勇敢的赌钱。，很成绩比思惟复杂得多。，压力比认为会发生的要大。，背诵与功绩打电话学给很多钱。，大抵，事先华为赚了财产些人有益。，可以调换的资产入伙穿着。，这意思是挠败。，华为得对付着任何人时机的终结。完全丧失。
最最在很时分。，任正非仅仅摈除非先前的波折。，给本身找到这大的巨万的压力。！
1987年，在44岁的时分，任正非在生活中蒙受了象征波折。，主办宴会改制后的国有集会，由于诈欺客户，损耗是200万。，被移除，分离了。，在这岁，他，任何人44岁的中年男子除非开端本身的买卖只好。，1990年，就在2年前。、当状态改良措施时，任正非又一次给本身痛苦的经历了很大的压力。，什么时候，背诵与功绩将发生公司的整个有益。、简直财产些人资产都可以组织上。，假定背诵与功绩挠败，这意思是华为将完全丧失。、关门，任正非说背诵与功绩挠败了。、跳楼。。
侥幸的是，华为和任正非都结着巨万的压力。，他们功绩的使脱轨是成的。，同时市集相当好。，华为勇敢的赌注成了。，华为可以持续在。，而做错得对付完全丧失。。
1992，柴纳年卖量优于1亿元。，在年底开会上，任正非的宁愿演讲，铁业首领，哽咽着说：笔者活下来下了。，继哭着说。。
开展中，任正非先前结
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نوعی سرمایه گذاری است که شما فقط در پایان پروژه به سرمایه خود دسترسی دارید. این در حالی است که هنگام فروش زمین یا ملک، تمام سرمایه خود را در همان ابتدا دریافت می کنید
ابتدا باید خطرات و خطرات مشارکت در تولید را درک کنید، سپس تفاوت سود در مقابل فروش را محاسبه کنید. سپس بر اساس تمام عناصر گزینه مناسب را انتخاب کنید. برای هر فرد، انتخاب بین فروش و مشارکت ممکن است متفاوت باشد که در ادامه به آن خواهیم پرداخت
ریسکپذیری بیشتر، یکی از مهمترین عوامل انتخاب
تحمل ریسک یکی از مهمترین عوامل در تصمیم گیری بین فروش و مشارکت در ساخت و ساز است. همانطور که گفتیم شراکت ریسک بیشتری از فروش دارد. گاهی اوقات تعامل با سازنده، تاخیر در پروژه، مسائل ساخت و ساز و غیره. باعث درگیری برای مالکان شود. به همین دلیل، بسیاری از مالکان از سود بیشتر صرف نظر می کنند و شروع به فروش ملک خود می کنند. صاحبان خانه معمولاً به دلایل مختلفی این تصمیم را می گیرند: اولین نکته این است که اطلاعات دقیقی از میزان سود مشارکت در ساخت ندارند. اگر صاحبان خانه متوجه شوند که با مشارکت در ساخت و ساز چه چیزی می توانند به دست آورند، اغلب تسلیم نمی شوند.
دلیل دوم کمبود دانش فنی است. مالکان بسیار می ترسند که در پروژه با مشکلات زیادی مواجه شوند و نتوانند آنها را حل کنند. از طرفی به دلیل نداشتن دانش فنی، قرارداد خوبی نمی بندند و بر کار سازنده نظارت نمی کنند. این سردرگمی ها باعث می شود که مالکان از مشارکت در ساخت و ساز صرف نظر کنند. بهتر است به خوبی از خطرات این کار آگاه باشید. برای درک کامل خطرات مشارکت و راه حل مقابله با آن، مقاله زیر را مطالعه کنید.
پذیرش چالش بیشتر و پروسه زمانی طولانیتر در مشارکت در ساخت
برای فروش ملک مشکل زیادی ندارید. پس از فروش معادل وجهی دریافت خواهید کرد و تعامل خاصی با خریدار نخواهید داشت. اما در مشارکت، امضای قرارداد آغاز تعامل با سازنده و رفع چالش هاست. به همین دلیل، مالکان باید مطالبه گر باشند. از سوی دیگر، روند زمانی مشارکت در ساخت بسیار بیشتر از فروش است. شرکت در ساخت دارای مدت قرارداد است و در پایان پروژه هنگام فروش واحدهای خود پول خود را پس می گیرید. این در حالی است که هنگام فروش ملک خود، در همان ابتدا پول خود را دریافت خواهید کرد. در شراکت خود، تمام این چالش ها را برای سود بیشتر می پذیرید. حال چگونه می توانید این مسائل را به حداقل برسانید؟
راهحلی برای مشارکت با چالشهای کمتر
شما در همه بخش ها راه حل های مختلفی برای کاهش چالش دارید.
فهمیدن میزان سود مشارکت در ساخت
یکی از مهمترین فاکتورها درک مزیت مشارکت در ساخت و ساز است. بسیاری از مردم نمی توانند سود آن را به درستی محاسبه کنند. تورم، رکود و جهش بازار مسکن عوامل تاثیرگذار منطقه ای و… را در نظر نمی گیرد و اشتباه می کند. به همین دلیل گروه ساختمانی باتیس یک پیشنهاد فنی-اقتصادی به مالکان ارائه می دهد. در این پروپوزال، مزایای مشارکت را برای خود و اینکه عوامل مختلف در رشته شما چگونه خواهد بود را کشف خواهید کرد. برای مشاوره در این زمینه با گروه ساختمانی باتیس تماس بگیرید یا فرم مشاوره را تکمیل کنید تا کارشناسان باتیس با شما تماس بگیرند.
انعقاد قرارداد حرفهای مشارکت در ساخت
یکی از مهم ترین چالش ها در شراکت، عقد قرارداد غیرعملی، غیرحرفه ای و یک طرفه است. در ابتدا مالکان و سازندگان تعهدات و ضمانت های این تعهدات را درک نمی کنند و در حین اجرای پروژه با چالش های زیادی مواجه می شوند. در بسیاری از موارد اگر قرارداد زیر نظر کارشناسان فنی و حقوقی تنظیم و منعقد شود، بسیاری از مشکلات پیش نخواهد آمد. برای انعقاد قرارداد حرفه ای سازی می توانید توسط کارشناسان باتیس راهنمایی و توصیه کنید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>چه ناني بخريم؛ ماشيني يا صنعتي يا سنتي؟
اين روزها نان هاي صنعتي در حال تبديل شدن به رقيبي جدي براي نان هاي سنتي هستند. البته بايد بگوييم که وقتي از نان هاي صنعتي صحبت به ميان مي آيد، منظورمان هم نان هاي مسطح است و هم نان هاي حجيم که مردم به نام نان هاي فانتزي آنها را مي شناسند...
بنابراين نبايد فکر کنيد که نان صنعتي يعني نان فانتزي! هدف از توليد نان هاي صنعتي، اصلاح کيفيت آرد، کاهش بيماري هاي حرفه اي، کاهش اتلاف حرارت و گرما، افزايش راندمان توليد و ايجاد تنوع بيشتر و جلب نظر مصرف کنندگاني با سليقه هاي متفاوت است. در ادامه دکتر سيدمهدي سيدين، متخصص صنايع غذايي، استاد دانشگاه و مشاور مرکز پژوهش هاي غلات ما را با زواياي مختلف اين موضوع بيشتر آشنا مي کنند.
▪ مزاياي نان صنعتي نسبت به نان سنتي چيست؟
در واقع، نان هاي صنعتي مزايايي دارند که ما آنها را در توليد نان هاي مسطح به روش سنتي نمي بينيم. وقتي که نان به صورت صنعتي توليد مي شود همه کارها و مراحل توليد به صورت مکانيزه و بدون دخالت دست است. به علاوه مي توان غني يا ضعيف بودن آرد را با توليد صنعتي، کنترل کرد و کيفيت آن را به بهترين حد رساند. وقتي که نان در مقياس صنعتي توليد مي شود، نماينده دولت به عنوان مسوول فني بر تمامي مراحل توليد نظارت مي کند و در اين صورت، تنها مواد افزودني مجاز به نان اضافه مي شود و امکان استفاده از افزودني هاي غيرمجاز غيرممکن مي شود. همچنين در واحدهاي صنعتي از حرارت غيرمستقيم استفاده مي شود که خود اين امر، يک مزيت بهداشتي بسيار مهم به حساب مي آيد.
▪ آيا مي توان گفت که در توليد نان صنعتي، حذف نانوا به معناي رعايت بهداشت بيشتر است؟
بله. وقتي که صنعت وارد توليد نان مي شود نيروي کار فيزيکي يا همان نانوا کنار مي رود و در نتيجه ديگر بحث انتقال بيماري ها از طريق کارگران بخش سنتي به نان مطرح نيست و خود نانواها و کارگران بخش سنتي هم از بيماري هاي حرفه اي بخش نانوايي در امان مي مانند.
▪ معايب نان هاي صنعتي نسبت به نان هاي سنتي چه مي توانند باشند؟
به نظر مي رسد که طعم نان هاي سنتي بين مردم ما پسنديده تر از نان هاي صنعتي است. همان طور که خودتان مي دانيد، غذاهاي سنتي ما هم عطر و طعم بهتري نسبت به غذاهاي حاضري دارند بنابراين اگر ما بتوانيم نان هاي سنتي مان مانند بربري، سنگک يا لواش را هم به صورت صنعتي توليد کنيم شايد بتوانيم رضايت مصرف کنندگان را از اين نظر نيز جلب کنيم. اما بايد به اين نکته توجه داشته باشيم که نان هاي حجيمي مانند نان هاي فانتزي به طور کلي با ديگر نان ها از نظر شکل ظاهري، طعم و مزه متفاوت هستند و طرفداران خاص خودشان را هم دارند و خيلي ها آنها را به نان هاي سنتي ترجيح مي دهند.
▪ آيا نان هاي ماشيني هم در گروه نان هاي صنعتي قرار مي گيرند؟
خير. اين نوع نان ها که چند سالي است جايشان را در برخي نانوايي ها باز کرده اند به هيچ عنوان صنعتي محسوب نمي شوند چون توليد نان صنعتي از مرحله توزين مواد اوليه و آرد، تهيه خمير، چانه گرفتن و مراحل به عمل آوري خمير به صورت اتوماتيک صورت مي گيرد. اما در واحدهاي توليد نان ماشيني فقط مرحله پخت به صورت ماشيني انجام مي شود که در اين مرحله، نانوايان از سيستم پخت هاي دوار کمک مي گيرند.
▪ آيا نان هاي ماشيني مزايا يا معايب خاصي نسبت به ديگر نان ها دارند؟
همان طور که گفتم، تمام مراحل آماده سازي نان هاي ماشيني مانند نان هاي سنتي است و تنها تفاوت شان در اين است که در مرحله پخت نان ماشيني به جاي تنورهاي سنتي از ماشيني دوار کمک گرفته مي شود. البته اين را هم بگويم که به اعتقاد بنده، نان هاي سنتي که در تنور و روي سفال پخته مي شوند، عطر و طعم بهتري نسبت به نان هاي ماشيني دارند که روي صفحه و سطحي فلزي پخته مي شوند. زيرا واکنش هاي شيميايي خمير نان که ترکيبات طعم و مزه را به وجود مي آورند، روي سطوح سفالي بهتر از سطوح فلزي انجام مي شوند.
▪ شما فکر مي کنيد ما مي توانيم بگوييم که مصرف نان سنتي بهتر است يا صنعتي؟
اگر راستش را بخواهيد، نان هاي صنعتي نسبت به انواع سنتي شان در اولويت قرار دارند. چون اين نان ها علاوه بر بهداشتي تر بودن از نظر ارزش تغذيه اي هم به سنتي ها برتري دارند. به علاوه، اين را هم بگويم که بدون در نظر گرفتن طعم و مزه، اگر نان هاي سنتي هم به روش صنعتي توليد شوند، مزاياي شان به مراتب بيشتر از قبل خواهد بود. نکته ديگر اينجاست که امکانات بيشتري براي غني کردن نان با آهن يا ساير ويتامين ها در واحدهاي صنعتي وجود دارد.
▪ يعني نان هاي سنتي را نمي توان غني سازي کرد؟
اگر آرد نان در کارخانه هاي توليد آرد غني سازي شود، مي توانيم آن آرد غني شده را به واحدهاي سنتي نيز بفرستيم. همان طور که الان آرد ارسالي به برخي واحدهاي سنتي هم دارند با آهن غني سازي مي شوند.
▪ از نظر بهداشتي، بسته بندي هاي نايلوني مشکلي را براي نان هاي صنعتي به وجود نمي آورند و باعث کپک زدن آنها نمي شوند؟
خير. موادي که براي بسته بندي اين نان ها استفاده مي شوند، شاخص ها و مشخصه هاي استاندارد بين المللي را دارند. در واقع، وقتي که نان صنعتي از فر بيرون مي آيد، تمام ميکروارگانيسم هاي موجود در آن از بين مي روند و کپک زدن نان در بسته بندي اش ربطي به نوع بسته بندي ندارد، بلکه اين کپک مي تواند به آلودگي هاي ثانويه مربوط باشد. يعني ممکن است آلودگي محيط کارخانه باعث کپک زدن نان بشود وگرنه ناني که در واحدهاي صنعتي توليد مي شود، بعد از بيرون آمدن از فر حتما خنک و بعد بسته بندي مي شود تا امکان کپک زدگي پيش نيايد. جالب است بدانيد که نان هاي حجيم در همه جاي دنيا در نايلون هاي مخصوص جا داده مي شوند و اين کار در کشور ما هم صورت مي گيرد.
▪ آيا مي توان نان هاي صنعتي را هم مثل سنتي ها براي مدتي در فريزر نگهداري کرد؟
بله، حتما! ما مي توانيم نان هاي حجيم (به خصوص نان تست) را هم مانند نان هاي سنتي براي پيشگيري از بيات شدن، داخل فريزر بگذاريم و قبل از مصرف، آنها را در توستر گرم کنيم و از خوردن شان لذت ببريم، کاري که مردم بسياري از کشورهاي پيشرفته صنعتي هم انجام مي دهند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A lizard is a reptile that is widely recognized across the world. Studies indicate there are 6,000 lizard species worldwide. Some of the characteristics of the lizard include a long body, feet and external ears and lizards have good vision, as well. Additionally, the tail of the lizard is usually a very vivid color. A lizard tattoo is symbolic of letting go and being able to protect yourself. This is thought to be because of the ability of a lizard to easily drop its tail. Many nature lovers choose a tattoo of this type because of the beauty of it.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>pİerre joseph proudhon (1809 -1865)
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DESCRIPTIONPİERRE JOSEPH PROUDHON (1809 -1865). Öteki sosyalistler gibi, Proudhon'un hareket noktası da özel mülkiyetin eleştirilmesi olmuştur. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
TRANSCRIPT
PERRE JOSEPH PROUDHON (1809 -1865)
teki sosyalistler gibi, Proudhon'un hareket noktas da zel mlkiyetin eletirilmesi olmutur.zel mlkiyet ve rekabet serbestisine dayanan kapitalist sistem yerine daha adil bir sistem kurmak iin areyi, Saint - Simonizm, R. Owen, Fourier, Louis Blanc gibi kendinden nceki sosyalistlerin retim ve blm organizasyonunu deitirme yolundaki nerilerinden farkl olarak mbadele organizasyonunu deitirmede bulmaktadr.
Bir kyl ailesinin ocuu olan Proudhon kk yata hayatn kazanmak zorunda kalm, bir basm evinde tashihilik yapm, basm evi sahibi olmu, bu arada bol okuma frsat bulmu, toplumdaki adaletsizliklerden ikyeti bir kimsedir. 1840 da henz 31 yanda iken yaynlad Qu'est-ce que la proprit Mlkiyet Nedir? adl kitab ile n kazanmtr. Kitabnn eitli yerlerinde bu soruya verdii yant mlkiyet hrszlktr olmutur.
Mlkiyet nedir? sorusuna mlkiyet hrszlktr yant yeni deildir. Kendisinden nce gelen sosyalistler de zel mlkiyeti eletirmilerdir. Ancak, o zel mlkiyete kar deildir. Ona gre mlkiyet almay tevik eder; aile mlkiyete dayanr; mlkiyetsiz ilerleme olmaz.
Mesele zel mlkiyeti ortadan kaldrmak deil, onu zararsz hale getirmek, onu herkese ak tutmaktr. O zel mlkiyetin almadan kazan salamasn eletirmektedir. O kira, rant, faiz, kr, iskonto, komisyon gibi emeksiz gelirlere, imtiyaz ve tekellerin salad haksz kazanlara kardr.
Proudhon kapitalizme olduu kadar, komnizme ve sosyalizme de kardr. O okuyucularnn kendisini yanl anlamalarna meydan vermemek, kendi zmn daha iyi deerlendirmelerini salamak amac ile komnistlere hcum eden, onlara kar benden uzak durun komnistler! Sizin halihazr varlnz benim iin pis bir koku, baknz berbattr diyecek kadar sert ifadeler kullanmtr.
Ona gre sosyalistler mevcut sistemden kurtulma iin, daha iyisini bulmadan, bu sistemi tahrip etmek istemektedirler. Mesele iblm, kolektif g, rekabet, kredi, mlkiyet ve hrriyet gibi ekonomik kurumlar ezmek deil, onlarn zarar vermelerini nlemektir. Kendinden nceki sosyalistler rekabeti kooperasyon ve emein organizasyonu ile, zel mlkiyeti mterek mlkiyet ve kollektivizmle, kiisel kar motifini strap, sevgi, kardelik, kendine grev sayma motifleri ile ikame etmek istemilerdir.
Proudhon'a gre, bunlarn hi birisi tatmin edici deildir. O zgrlklere byk nem vermektedir. 1848 deki seim sylevinde semenlerine yle demitir: Benim btn sistemim zgrle dayanr. Vicdan zgrl, basn hrriyeti, i ve eitim zgrl, rekabet serbestisi, emek ve almann meyvelerine serbeste sahip olma zgrl ve 1789 ve 1793 sistemidir; Quesnay, Turgot ve J.B. Say'in sistemidir.
O zel mlkiyeti eletirirken, mterek mlkiyeti savunmamtr. Ona gre, mterek mlkiyet gllerin zayflar smrmesine yol aar. Mterek mlkiyet de hrszlktr. O zel mlkiyet ile mterek mlkiyet arasnda bir dnya yaratmak istemektedir
Proudhon kiisel karlara gre hareket etme motifinin sevgi, kardelik, kendine grev sayma motifleri ile ikame edilmesine taraftar grnmemektedir. Bunlar bir insann baka bir insanla olan ilikilerinde kendisini feda etmesi, bakalarna bal olmasn ifade eder. Oysa insanlar eit hakka sahiptirler; aralarndaki ilikiler adil olmaldr.
Adalet baka kiilerin kendisine eit bir kii olarak kabul, insanlarn karlkl saygnldr. Karlkl sayg mantki olarak hizmette karla dayanr.. Eit karlk, eit hizmet insann zmesi gereken devi olmaldr. Adalet ilkesi iktisadi ynden hizmetlerin karlkl olmasn ifade eder. Hizmette karlkllk iktisadi organizasyonu ynlendiren ilke olmaldr.
Proudhon zel mlkiyetin almadan kazan salamasna, hizmetin karlkll ilkesine ters dt iin kardr. Yoksa o mlkiyete kar deildir. Bylece o zel mlkiyete, alma ve mbadele zgrlne dokunmadan mlkiyetin ana zelliini ortadan kaldrmak, emeksiz gelire son vermek istiyor. Bunun iin
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's government and local communities to scientifically assess and protect its natural capital to serve as an engine for the country's and region's sustainable development.
CI was instrumental in the creation of the 1.6 million hectare Central Suriname Nature Reserve, the largest conserved tract of tropical rainforest at the time of its creation. The intact forests of SE Suriname provide a biological corridor linking this reserve with adjacent protected areas and indigenous lands in neighboring countries, enabling the movement of plants and animals that is essential for their long-term persistence. Its forests and rivers also provide an essential source of food, building materials, and medicines for the local Trio and Wayana Amerindian tribes.
"Suriname is one of the last places where an opportunity still exists to conserve massive tracts of untouched forest and pristine rivers where biodiversity is thriving. Ensuring the preservation of these ecosystems is not only vital for the Surinamese people, but may help the world to meet its growing demand for food and water as well as reducing the impacts of climate change," said Dr. Trond Larsen, a tropical ecologist and Director of the Rapid Assessment Program at Conservation International, which has sometimes been described as working like a "SWAT" team for science.
The team surveyed four sites in the upper Palumeu River watershed, going from low floodplains to isolated mountain peaks. They received invaluable support from 30 indigenous men from nearby communities, who went ahead in boats through dangerous rapids to help bring 2,000 kilos of food and equipment, set up camp sites, cook meals and guide the team through the forests. From Paramaribo, the scientists chartered a plane to a village in Southeast Suriname and from there reached their first camp site by helicopter.
The scientists collected data on water quality and an astonishing total of 1,378 species, including plants, ants, beetles, katydids, fishes, amphibians, birds and mammals. The results show high quality water conditions overall, although some samples contained mercury above safe levels for human consumption, despite the fact that there is no upstream mining. "The mercury is probably blowing in from mining and industrial activities in neighboring countries. This demonstrates that even remote places are interconnected and susceptible to activities in other countries," explained Dr. Larsen.
Upon her return from this intense three-week survey, which included a flooded base camp after a night of heavy rainfall and a helicopter with mechanical difficulties, Dr. Leeanne Alonso, expedition leader, ant expert, and former CI scientist who is now with Global Wildlife Conservation, said: "I have conducted expeditions all over the world, but never have I seen such beautiful, pristine forests so untouched by humans. Southern Suriname is one of the last places on earth where there is a large expanse of pristine tropical forest. The high number of new species discovered is evidence of the amazing biodiversity of these forests that we have only just begun to uncover."
Among the 60 species identified as potentially new to science, there were six frogs, one snake, 11 fishes and many insects, including:
- the diminutive "lilliputian beetle" (Canthidium cf. minimum), a teeny-tiny ruby red beetle measuring mere 2.3 mm, likely making it the smallest dung beetle in the Guiana Shield and maybe the second smallest in South America. Its antler-like antennae provide it with an acute sense of smell. "Dung beetles play critical ecological roles that help support healthy ecosystems. By burying dung, they regulate parasites and disease, disperse seeds, and recycle nutrients to promote plant growth," said Dr. Larsen.
- the "cocoa frog" (Hypsiboas sp.), a sleek chocolate-colored frog that lives on trees and uses the round discs found on its fingers and toes to adeptly climb into the treetops. "Like other amphibians, its semi-permeable skin makes it highly sensitive to changes in the environment, especially freshwater. With over 100 species of frogs likely gone extinct over just the last three decades, the discovery of this new species is especially heartening," said Dr. Larsen.
- a new type of head-and-tail-light tetra (Hemigrammus aff. ocellifer), closely related to a fish much appreciated by aquarium enthusiasts. Fish were diverse and plentiful at the study sites, including many large fishes that are an important source of food for local people. The upper watersheds of SE Suriname may also provide important spawning grounds for migratory fishes people throughout Suriname depend upon.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sono molte le voci che arrivano dalla stampa americana, per un imminente ordine esecutivo firmato dal presidente Biden, che indicherà la via statunitense per il settore delle criptovalute.
Indice
Cosa potrebbe cambiare per le monete digitali?
L’ordine firmato dal presidente degli Stati Uniti, sarà indirizzato alle agenzie federali che dovranno iniziare a studiare i cambiamenti normativi, come la sicurezza della nazione e l’impatto economico delle criptovalute.
Con l’avvio della guerra tra Ucraina e Russia, gli analisti sollevano la questione circa l’uso delle monete digitali come un modo per aggirare le sanzioni finanziarie internazionali poste contro la Russia.
Più “chiarezza” richiesta dagli industriali
Altro punto che dovrà chiarire l’ordine esecutivo, riguarda le preoccupazioni degli industriali, che sottolineano una mancanza di regole certe, riguardo l’approcio che il governo americano ha con la regolamentazione delle criptovalute.
Arriverà il dollaro digitale?
Altra questione che l’ordine presidenziale cercherà di risolvere è quella sulla possibile creazione da parte degli Stati Uniti di una valuta digitale (CBDC) emessa dalla banca centrale Usa.
Sono tante le nazioni nel mondo che in questi mesi hanno lanciato la propria moneta (CBDN), ma difficilmente l’odine chiarirà questa questione, perchè è ancora in corso uno studio da parte della Federal Reserve su questo argomento.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Utente:LoStrangolatore/Come usare Linux/Cos'è Linux
Cos'è Linux[modifica]
- Sistemi operativi
Il sistema operativo è un insieme di programmi che permettono all'utente di eseguire le proprie applicazioni, le quali necessitano di un supporto di base (accesso alle periferiche collegate al sistema; accesso a librerie software standard) in mancanza del quale non possono funzionare.
- Sistemi operativi basati su Linux
Un componente importante del sistema operativo si chiama "kernel".
Nel tempo, sono stati realizzati molti kernel diversi. Uno di essi si chiama "Linux", ed è distribuito in molti sistemi operativi, i quali si possono indicare collettivamente con il nome di "sistemi operativi basati su Linux" (Linux-based).
Quindi, la scrittura "il sistema operativo Linux", in realtà, è scorretta, perché "Linux" identifica solo il kernel, che è una parte del sistema operativo.
I sistemi basati su Linux presentano delle differenze tra loro, ma hanno anche numerose caratteristiche in comune, al punto che l'utente può svolgere la maggior parte dei compiti con procedure uguali.
Elementi del sistema operativo[modifica]
Accendere un computer con un sistema operativo basato su Linux significa attivare, tra gli altri, questi tre elementi fondamentali (da ricordare):
- il kernel, che appunto è il kernel Linux;
- la gerarchia delle cartelle;
- l'interfaccia utente.
L'avvio del sistema operativo, a grandi linee, è il seguente:
- Il kernel Linux viene caricato in memoria e attivato.
- Il kernel carica in memoria la gerarchia delle cartelle, che (tra le altre cose) contiene alcuni script e file di configurazione che si trovano in alcune cartelle note a priori.
- Il kernel avvia questi script.
- Completata l'inizializzazione del sistema, viene avviata (opzionalmente) l'interfaccia utente.
L'utente non può modificare direttamente il kernel, ma può personalizzare gli script e i file di configurazione, modificando il sistema anche radicalmente. Una raccolta preconfezionata che mette insieme il kernel Linux, gli script e i file di configurazione personalizzati, e un insieme di programmi preinstallati, prende il nome di "distribuzione Linux".
L'interfaccia utente[modifica]
L'interfaccia utente permette di avviare e controllare le applicazioni. Esistono due tipi principali di interfaccia utente:
- la "console", chiamata anche "shell", "terminale" o "riga di comando";
- interfaccia grafica.
La riga di comando è sempre attiva. L'interfaccia grafica è opzionale e viene eseguita come programma aggiuntivo, che "nasconde" la riga di comando e "maschera" l'esecuzione di comandi testuali dietro finestre e pulsanti; non è strettamente necessaria per l'esecuzione del sistema, anzi può essere riavviata o terminata senza che sia necessario riavviare anche il sistema operativo.
Anche se la riga di comando può incutere timore in coloro che sono da sempre abituati alla GUI, in realtà risulta abbastanza semplice da usare, se si conoscono alcune informazioni di base sul funzionamento di Linux (in mancanza delle quali, peraltro, alcune operazioni banali possono diventare ostiche anche utilizzando un'interfaccia grafica). Inoltre, su Internet si trovano ottime guide all'uso dei comandi da terminale per le operazioni più comuni.
La gerarchia delle cartelle[modifica]
Si è scritto gerarchia perché le cartelle hanno una struttura ad albero, con una unica radice comune. Ogni cartella è dotata di un nome, e il percorso della cartella è costituito dalla sequenza dei nomi delle cartelle separate dal simbolo
/.
La cartella radice (root directory) si chiama
/.
Montare e smontare[modifica]
- Montare e smontare le partizioni
Collegare una memoria di massa al sistema non vuol dire renderla disponibile per la lettura e la scrittura. Infatti, il sistema operativo accede a una partizione solo quando è "montata", ovvero dopo che è stato eseguito un apposito comando che la associa ad una cartella dell'albero delle directory.
La partizione elenca le informazioni che descrivono l'albero delle cartelle e il contenuto dei file. Le informazioni sono organizzate secondo uno schema noto a priori, che prende il nome di file system.
"Smontare" la partizione vuol dire scollegarla dalla cartella di cui sopra. Prima di rimuovere una memoria di massa dal sistema, è fortemente consigliato smontare le partizioni che ospita, perché ciò forza il sistema operativo a scrivere alcuni dati che potrebbero essere stati conservati in un buffer temporaneo invece che direttamente sul disco. Rimuovere prima di smontare potrebbe danneggiare il file system e portare alla perdita dei dati.
- Un discorso più generale
Dal punto di vista dell'utente, una cartella è un contenitore per file e sottocartelle. Dal punto di vista di Linux, una cartella è una "maschera" che nasconde l'accesso ad un supporto fisico di qualche tipo, sul quale è memorizzata una struttura gerarchica di file e sottocartelle. Questo supporto fisico può essere un'altra cartella, una partizione di una memoria di massa, una porzione della memoria RAM, un'immagine ISO, e così via. I programmi accedono al contenuto della cartella senza conoscere quale sia il supporto fisico che c'è "dietro".
La cartella viene collegata al supporto fisico eseguendo un comando apposito sul terminale, e questa associazione viene cancellata in automatico allo spegnimento del computer. Montare quel supporto fisico vuol dire associarvi una cartella; smontarlo vuol dire eseguire l'operazione inversa, cioè rimuovere l'associazione.
Sul supporto fisico trovano posto le informazioni che descrivono l'albero delle cartelle e il contenuto di ogni singolo file, scritte secondo uno schema ben preciso. Questo schema si chiama file system.
Quando un programma utente legge o scrive su un file che è in una cartella, oppure modifica l'albero delle sottocartelle, Linux, "dietro le quinte", controlla il tipo di file system, accede al supporto e modifica le informazioni secondo lo schema definito dal file system.
Nel caso più semplice, la cartella corrisponde ad una partizione di qualche memoria di massa che è collegata al computer, e in tal caso il file system corrisponde a quello che è sulla partizione. Ma esistono altri tipi di file system, che non richiedono il collegamento con una memoria di massa. Ad esempio, il tmpfs risiede interamente nella memoria volatile del calcolatore, vale a dire che allo spegnimento esso verrà automaticamente cancellato (quindi, viene tipicamente utilizzato per ospitare i file temporanei). Uno SquashFS converte un albero di cartelle in una sequenza di bytes compressi, che può essere salvata su file (infatti, viene tipicamente usato per fornire "pacchetti" di file preconfezionati e disponibili in sola lettura). Uno UnionFS permette di combinare altri file system, sovrapponendoli; e così via.
Il concetto di "file"[modifica]
Un file è una sequenza di bytes. Questa definizione è così generica che, oltre ai file "normali", esistono anche dei file speciali, che non sono salvati su alcun filesystem, ma invece fanno da ponte verso una periferica che legge o scrive bytes.
Ad esempio, le memorie di massa, e le partizioni, sono considerate come delle sequenze di bytes, e quindi dei file, e in particolare si trovano sotto /dev.
- Tipi di file
In Linux, il tipo di un file viene determinato dal suo contenuto (a differenza di altri sistemi operativi che, invece, usano l'estensione del file, cioè la parte del nome che segue il punto).
Altre informazioni[modifica]
- I programmi
Dal punto di vista di Linux, un programma non è altro che un file che contiene istruzioni eseguibili.
Dal punto di vista dell'utente, esistono due categorie di programmi: quelli scritti in formato binario e gli script. I primi possono essere modificati solo da un programmatore. I secondi, invece, sono banali file di testo che contengono comandi scritti in un linguaggio standardizzato, noto a priori. Chiunque può modificarli, a patto di conoscere il linguaggio di programmazione utilizzato. Può essere uno script per bash, oppure scritto in un linguaggio di scripting come Python e Perl.
- Font-end
Può capitare di avere davanti un programma che dà solo l'interfaccia grafica ad un altro programma che viene eseguito "dietro le quinte", su terminale. In questo caso si dice che si ha davanti un font-end grafico per quel programma che viene eseguito su terminale.
- Installare i programmi
I programmi e le librerie software sono raggruppati in pacchetti. Installare un programma vuol dire eseguire un comando che scarica in automatico il pacchetto e lo installa. Disinstallare un programma vuol dire eseguire un altro comando che rimuove il pacchetto dal sistema.
I pacchetti sono memorizzati su un sito apposito, che si chiama repository, e che in genere è il sito ufficiale della società che produce il sistema operativo in uso. Spesso è possibile anche installare un pacchetto che è stato copiato come file a sé, invece che scaricato dal repository.
- Antivirus e firewall
Questa sezione è ancora vuota; aiutaci a scriverla!
- Swap
Lo swap è una partizione di una memoria di massa che viene usata come se fosse memoria RAM. Esso permette di continuare a lavorare anche qualora si rendesse necessaria una quantità di RAM superiore a quella installata.
Le applicazioni non usano direttamente lo swap, il quale, invece, viene gestito dal sistema operativo. Infatti, quest'ultimo, all'occorrenza, libera spazio nella RAM salvando alcune zone di memoria sul disco, e all'occorrenza le reimmette nella RAM leggendole dal disco. Le zone di memoria che vengono spostate su disco sono scelte dal sistema operativo in base alla probabilità che avranno di essere richieste nel futuro.
Avere uno spazio di swap è importante anche se si ha una grande quantità di RAM. Ad esempio, il sistema operativo sposta nello swap le zone di memoria allocate per l'inizializzazione di un programma, e che non vengono più lette finché il programma non termina.
In Rete si trovano guide che espongono alcune formule per il calcolo dello swap in base alla dimensione della memoria RAM. Tuttavia, non si vede la necessità di avere uno swap variabile in funzione della RAM:
- in genere, un valore di 2 GB è più che sufficiente per la maggior parte degli usi da parte dell'utente medio;
- tuttavia, se si vuole usare la funzionalità di ibernazione, lo swap va impostato ad un valore superiore a quello della RAM, in quanto l'ibernazione consiste proprio nel salvataggio della RAM sullo swap.
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Eng壮大有限公司的公司。MarySmith的邀请名单上的首席执行官。“我从袋子里拿了一个食指三明治。“告诉他们这件事是不可能的，此刻，警方称她的死亡是一次意外事故，“金斯利说，几乎心不在焉。他皱了皱眉，回头看了看房子。戴安娜走了进来，关上了门。
“你不是说你明白我的感受吗？你无法想象！“““我不打算这么说，“戴安娜说，试图用自己的声音保持冷静。“不，我不知道你的感受，但我知道我的感受。我女儿被谋杀了。这些书是重要的业务。”将会做什么,”薇芙说。”国会议员所做的,他们都是你的。”第二章节日的膏一天很快就来了。
德尔漂泊在大厅里，像一个男人一样站在地上。汤姆去了角落的内阁，打开了玻璃门。陶瓷牧童被分成了一个笑话，或者是警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者是一个警告，或者类似于一个变态的最后一个现代化的路线。在木头上分开的两半，在它们之间有一个细小的白色粉末。所有其他的小雕像都被推到了小屋的后面，他们面对着他。他们面对着他。我低下头,觉得这个洞在我的心脏扩大。”博士。贝克?””我盯着。我的手指试探性的伸出手,碰了面。
戴安娜不自觉地把手放在脖子上，戴着艾莉尔的照片。他们都陷入了震惊的沉默中。邻居的眼泪顺着她的脸颊流下来。她看了看，用手擦了擦。黛安确信这比她来给朋友道义上的支持时所希望的要多。“我会给你一些不请自来的建议。让我改述:名字莎拉•古德哈特对你意味着什么?””我不喜欢这个。我不喜欢他们的态度或他们已经占领了洛厄尔或我正在烤的方式在这个会议室。他们必须知道这个名字是什么意思。它不是那么困难。所有你要做的就是随便看伊丽莎白的姓名和地址。
她坐在棕色的皮椅上，身着一件棕色的带黄铜钮扣的裙子。她让戴安娜想起变色龙，仿佛她可以很容易地融入椅子，完全消失。“谢谢你来看我们，“金斯利说。他和戴安娜站在那儿等着要价。从来没有来过。是什么问题?“黛安娜把她盒子放在附近的咖啡桌。“劳埃德·布莱斯无权任命任何人DNA实验室,”戴安说。“所有DNA人员分锡安是由金和我看过的。我们有严格的协议访问我们实验室服务。这些协议不允许一个机构提交DNA样本使用我们的设备来分析它。“有趣,”他说。
让我改述:名字莎拉•古德哈特对你意味着什么?””我不喜欢这个。我不喜欢他们的态度或他们已经占领了洛厄尔或我正在烤的方式在这个会议室。他们必须知道这个名字是什么意思。那女人瞥了一眼，把它还给了我。“我想你知道这是一个残酷的入侵，“她说。“我们不是故意残忍的，“金斯利说。“我的委托人的女儿被可怕地谋杀了。我们知道她在她去世前几天来这里。我们希望太太。
椅子通常对着壁炉坐着。他们把它甩到外面去了。它通常坐在有人能坐下来看EllieRose的画像的地方。这就是玛瑞莎如何充实她的日子，坐在女儿的画前？或者可能是埃莉·罗斯的父亲下班回家时坐在那里看着女儿。”她说,”有没有可能你现在有时间上课吗?我真的很渴望开始浇注技术,我不确定我可以站等一分钟。””一定会表现在我的脸上,因为她补充说,”哈里森我知道你有一个艰难的一天。如果你不想,我完全理解。
干了,这很好。现在要小心,蜡将屁股你。好吧,这就够了。””她把小罐子现在持有蜡和说,”在我开始之前的任何其他建议吗?”””慢慢倒在,不要泄漏任何。填补它约百分之九十。”我看了她的肩膀,当她倒在,我说,“那就好。如果你可以避免仇恨，请做那件事。但我不是YokoOno。我很了解邪恶，背叛，毁灭。我亲眼目睹了所有这些事情。你知道什么吗？我开始憎恨一些邪恶的人。我非常鄙视他们，做任何我在法律上和道德上可以中和他们的活动。
两分钟后,他在回来,走到我们。”令人惊讶的是,令人惊讶的是,没有人在那里。”””他们在那里。他们等待着。我想过这个问题。答案是否定的,但是…他们在哪里买的?为什么我不知道?谁带他们?我看着他们的脸,但是他们什么都没了。这是一个神奇的东西,但当你仔细想想,我们从电视中学到人生最重要的课程。绝大多数的我们了解审讯,米兰达权利,自证其罪,质证,证人名单,陪审团制度,我们从纽约警察局蓝色和《法律与秩序》等。现在如果我扔你一把枪,让你火你会做你在电视上看到的。
我滑开卡车床说,她的表”我只是想美女。”””她会喜欢这个,哈里森”希瑟说,我们把她表在其折叠腿。”夏娃不确定我的存在就是值得的努力和成本,”我说。”我开始怀疑她是对的。卡尔森停止了前面的那辆车一个办公大楼26日联邦广场。内部是基本的办公大楼。男人穿西装,令人惊讶的是不错的,关于杯设计师咖啡。也有女人,但他们在少数。我们搬进了一个会议室。
所以她也想逃。汤姆看见科尔曼柯林斯是一个巨大的白色猫头鹰猛扑向他们，他看见玫瑰挤在他的口袋里。他把纸条折叠起来，把它放在左轮手枪和他的皮肤之间，然后他摸了口袋里的小雕像。‘嗯，该死的，人，没有人比我更尊重你的工作，他说，“但是你问的是荒谬的。”“不，你是荒谬的，“我告诉他了。“你希望能与伟大的魔术师交往。”你想要和他们的秘密保持亲密关系；你想亲眼见证他们的力量。“现在该为这种特权付钱了。”我提醒他，如果他拒绝我，我能对他做些什么。
””他们所做的,汤姆,他们做的事。然后他们说,“我会改述,“对吧?类似的东西。”””类似的,是的。”我答应她你会叫你回来的第二。她决心尽快和你谈谈。”””她想要什么?”我问。作为我的明星蜡烛——使学生,夫人。
这就是为什么他给了她最终的回归。”这位国会议员希望他们,”薇芙坚持道。有一个短暂停线。”我会让他们准备好了,”黛娜最终说。在薇芙的肩膀,她打开门,年轻的接待员再次进入了房间。”有趣的是,虽然我知道我没有做任何事情错了,至少不是他们以为我开始感到内疚,这是一个奇怪的感觉。汗开始倾盆而下我的腋窝。”她想帮助他。
威瑟斯之夜被派来，我们在约克以西的乡下，我看着那六只巨魔和他们的管弦乐手正在工作，他们目睹了一些动物的屠杀，我想：它们真的有必要吗？我提出了这个想法：当时我有很多想法。“RosaForte，一个。她变得疏远和愠怒，这激怒了我。我喝醉时经常打她。我不知道她是爱我还是恨我，她的态度是如此矛盾。你知道什么吗？我开始憎恨一些邪恶的人。我非常鄙视他们，做任何我在法律上和道德上可以中和他们的活动。这种对破坏商人的真正厌恶激励我去接受他们。所以我可以用这种“仇恨以积极的方式。所以我告诉自己。但憎恨贝拉克·奥巴马或GeorgeW.布什是神经症患者。
我们都将很好。我有太太。Quimby和埃斯梅拉达看商店和夏娃的保持你candleshop开放,所以我们会好的。”夫人。你们两个真的相信我买你的故事吗?””我盯着他就像我说的,”坦率地说,我真的不重要你相信什么。你仍然认为Becka自杀。”””哈里森别跟我开始。””我耸耸肩,但没有说一个字,虽然我确信他注意到傲慢在我的表情。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>美俄加强军事接触为防误判，美军将地下战纳入
参照他事他说加以考察音讯网6月3早报道美利坚合作国“防务一号”网址3月27早报纸发表称，United States军方情报部门监护人称，隧道和野鸡基础设备急需面前遭遇中度关怀，并对美军进行有关培养磨练和手艺传授。
参谋音信网七月13早报道美国媒体称，3月14日，北约27国的当局和江山带头表哥在布鲁塞尔举办峰会，研讨成员国的防务花费难题，还论及所谓“军事申根区”，以应对大概出自俄罗丝的吓唬。
仿效音信网一月16晚广播发表美利坚合营国《华尔街早报》网址15月五日刊载新闻报道人员托马斯·格罗夫的电视发表《俄美军事关系进步而政治关系倒霉》称，在川普政坛任内，U.S.A.和俄罗斯高级级军士加强了接触。那显示俄Rose在使用军事联系重新建立Washington与芝加哥中间的对话方面获得成功，就算两岸政治关联日益恶化。
U.S.国防情报局秘书长罗Bert·阿什利称，美军正在考虑在美军部队理念中追加一个新的战争领域——地下战。
据United Kingdom广播公司网址七月11晚电视发表，北约厅长说，会议的显要议题是成员国的防务费用难题。据电视发表，美利坚合众国担负了北印度洋公约组织防务费用的3/4。北印度洋公约协会成员国个中唯有4个国家的防务费用达到了分明的分占的额数，即占GDP的2%。那多少个国家是美国，大不列颠及苏格兰联合王国，希腊共和国（The Republic of Greece）和爱沙尼亚。
广播发表称，在美俄相互驱逐对方外交官之后，这种不断增加的触发提供了二国之间一个逐年主要的交换路子。
Ashley礼拜二在“防务一号”网址在Washington实行的手艺峰会上说：“地下是大家以后必需开展战役的地点。钻探一下电力系统……调控系列，可控式电力网。”
美利坚合营国管辖Trump再三抱怨亚洲国度尚未推行对北印度洋公约社团出资的任务，而让美利坚联邦合众国负担了北太平洋公约协会的大部花销。
U.S.A.管辖Donald·Trump与俄罗丝总统弗拉基Mill·弗拉基米罗维奇·普京定于近些日子举行一场高峰会议，估摸将特别切磋在叙福冈的军事行动。叙罗兹境内的军事行动首要由俄美军事基本。
报道称，地下在都市中更是关键，到2040年世界近三分之二的人口将居住在城堡——何况五角大楼估算将出现越多城市战。
指斥德国
报纸发表称，与前任Barack·前美利坚总统相比较，川普在制定外策方面更依据军队将领，俄美两军之间的联系也变得更为主要，越发是在Washington和马德里的飞机在叙多特蒙德拥堵的天幕中不停的场地下。
报导称，这两天，应战领域蕴涵陆地、海洋、空中、太空和网络——二零一二年猛增的。新添三个战役领域将转移美军的军费支出及连锁战术。
在首尔高峰会议进行之际，川普攻讦德意志联邦共和国成为俄罗丝的“俘虏”，要南美洲江山承担越来越多的防务费用。他在Billy时的美利坚合众国民代表大会使官邸对报事人说，“大家自然应该防卫俄罗斯，但德意志联邦共和国却每年提交俄罗丝大宗英镑。”
曾为美利哥战术与国际难点切磋主旨编慕与著述争执降级相关文章的Anton·拉夫罗夫说，首尔在叙伊兹密尔的第3个外交胜利是逼迫美俄关系热线重新开放。在特朗普政坛任内这么些热线趋于活跃。
无论地下战最后是还是不是会被定义为新的应战领域，都供给体面对待这一标题。美利哥军事网址广播发表称，二〇一七年U.S.A.海军加紧推进其三11个当兵旅中的三十多少个武装新的应战工具，并拓宽练习以便“在世上人口密集的都会地段内的越轨设施中交锋”。
Trump对北约参谋长Stoll滕贝格说，德国扶助新的价值110亿美金的苏禄海石脑油管道工程从俄罗丝输入重油，却迟迟不情愿承受北太平洋公约协会防务预算的规定占有率，而北北冰洋公约组织的防务预算目的在于保证澳洲不受俄罗丝凌犯。
Anton·拉夫罗夫说：“就算奥巴马力图在政治上孤立俄罗丝，但近些日子叙福州是俄美高层交涉的三个事先话题，包蕴两国总统就要进行的会谈商讨。”
报纸发表称，二零一七年五月，美利坚联邦合众国国防部高级研商项目局发起了一场新的大挑衅行动，旨在为不法战及情报采摘开拓新本领，以便“飞快绘制地下处境地图并张开导航和查找专门的职业”。
据法新社报纸发表，川普说：“德意志联邦共和国成了俄罗丝的擒敌。他们舍弃了和睦的煤炭广场，屏弃了核电站，他们从俄罗斯输入如此多的重油和汽油。小编感觉北太平洋公约组织应该讨论那类难题。”
那个接触有利于了私人关系的变异。U.S.A.秘书长联席会议主持人约瑟夫·邓福德和俄罗斯联邦武装力量总长瓦列里·格拉Simon夫10月在布加勒斯特第三次拜候。奥克兰是川普与普京总统十三日会合的地方。
Ashley说：“要求卓越研讨一下朝韩非子军事区各省下隧道那样的条件。”（编写翻译/邬眉）
Trump说因为德意志五分二-五分四的能源来自俄罗斯，而且还在修新石脑油管道，因而德意志联邦共和国一点一滴被俄罗丝决定。然而赫芬顿邮报新闻报道工作者Mason说，Trump的布道有实际错误，德意志石脑油和柴油进口当中唯有十分之二来源于俄罗丝。
广播发表称，此前，被广泛认为系马来亚士革所为的一场化学军械袭击产生七19人离世。在川普下令就此惩罚叙福冈政权时，邓福德和格拉Simon夫的关系被推到风口浪尖。
德意志联邦共和国防长冯德Ryan回应说：“没有疑问大家同俄罗丝期间存在许多标题，但在别的一头，也应有保证国家间，联盟
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90% of expenditure that is on top of the cost of the actual water.
Seamus Coffey is a lecturer in economics at UCC
Only 10% of spending goes on providing water to consumers, says Seamus Coffey
. Saving water cannot fund the huge infrastructure spending that is required
© Irish Examiner Ltd. All rights reserved<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Although primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, cancer is the most common cause requiring inpatient intervention. An estimated 10% to 20% of all patients with cancer have hypercalcemia at some point in their disease trajectory, particularly in advanced disease. Aggressive saline hydration and varying doses of furosemide continue to be the standard of care for emergency management. However, a review of the evidence for the use of furosemide in the medical management of hypercalcemia yields only case reports published before the introduction of bisphosphonates, in contrast to multiple randomized, controlled trials supporting the use of bisphosphonates. The use of furosemide in the management of hypercalcemia should no longer be recommended.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>BURSA (AA) - Bursa Bölge Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası (BBDSO) tarafından Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı konserine çocuklar aileleriyle katıldı.
Merinos Atatürk Kongre ve Kültür Merkezi'ndeki konseri, Samsun Devlet Opera ve Balesi Şefi Mikhail Kirchhoff yönetti.
Gecede, 12 yaşındaki piyanist Dimitry Iskhanov, BBDSO eşliğinde D.Kabalevsky'nin piyano konçertosunu seslendirdi. Konserin devamında soprano Zerrin Karslı, J. Offenbach'ın "Hofmann'ın Masalları" operasından Olimpia'nın Aryası'nı yorumladı.
Daha sonra şef Kirchhoff, konseri izlemeye gelen çocuklardan 3'ünü sahneye aldı ve onlara kısa bir eğitim verdi. Çocuklar eğitimin ardından orkestrayı yönetti.
Konserin ikinci yarısında ise BBDSO, Mussorgsky'ın "Bir Sergiden Tablolar" Süitinden Cüce, Kabalevsky'in Galop, J. Strauss'un Pizzicato Polka, J. Haydn’ın Oyuncak Senfonisi ve W. Schroder’in Küçük Bir Gülüş Müziği adlı eserlerini sahneledi.
Gecenin sonunda Dimitry Iskhanov ve Zerrin Karslı'ın sergilediği performans Bursalı müzikseverler ve çocuklar tarafından uzun süre alkışlandı.
AA<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Şu andan itibaren, Almanya’daki tüm işverenler, çalışanlarına düzenli korona testleri teklif etmelidir. Ev ofisinde çalışmayan tüm çalışanlar için haftada bir test teklifi olmalıdır; Haftada en az iki kez, işleri nedeniyle sık sık müşteri teması kuran veya vücut dostu hizmetler gerçekleştiren özellikle risk altında olan çalışanlar için. İşverenleri tarafından paylaşılan bir evde barındırılan çalışanlar da haftada iki kez bir test teklifi almalıdır.
[Wenn Sie die wichtigsten News aus Berlin, Deutschland und der Welt live auf Ihr Handy haben wollen, empfehlen wir Ihnen unsere runderneuerte App, die Sie hier für Apple- und Android-Geräteherunterladen können.]
Federal Çalışma Bakanı Hubertus Heil (SPD) yönetmeliği geçen Salı kabine onayladı ve şimdi Federal Hukuk Gazetesinde yayımlandıktan beş gün sonra yürürlüğe girecek. Testlerin türü önemli değildir – bunlar hızlı testler veya kendi kendine testler olabilir. İşverenler masrafları karşılar. Test, çalışanlar için gönüllülük esasına dayanır. Yönetmelik başlangıçta Haziran ayı sonuna kadar geçerlidir.
Alman Sendikalar Federasyonu (DGB) değişiklikleri ve her şeyden önce şirketlerin daha fazla katılımını desteklemektedir. DGB patronu Reiner Hoffmann, “Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung” a yaptığı açıklamada, özel temaslar halihazırda ağır bir şekilde düzenlenip aylarca kontrol edildikten sonra ekonominin “daha sorumlu hale getirilmesi” gerektiğini söyledi.
Koalisyon grupları Pazartesi gününe kadar planlanan federal acil durum freninde çok sayıda değişiklik yapılması konusunda anlaştılar. Buna göre, diğer şeylerin yanı sıra, daha önce kararname ile düzenlenen ev ofisi yükümlülüğü artık Enfeksiyon Koruma Yasası’na bağlanacak.(dpa)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش فردیس نیوز، حمید یعقوبی در نشست شورای ورزش شهرستان فردیس که پیش از ظهر امروز با حضور در محل فرمانداری این شهرستان برگزار شد؛ با بیان اینکه حمایت از ورزشکاران و قهرمانان از جمله اولویت های مدیریت شهری فردیس است؛ اظهار داشت: با نظر مثبت اعضای محترم شورای شهر فردیس آیین نامه تجلیل از قهرمانان در شورا تصویب شده و به تأیید کمیته انطباق فرمانداری نیز رسیده است.
وی افزود: با تأیید فرمانداری آئین نامه تجلیل از ورزشکاران قابلیت اجرا دارد و مدیریت شهری فردیس آمادگی دارد تا در هر زمانی که توسط ورزش و جوانان شهرستان تعیین شود، برابر با آیین نامه فوق، نسبت به تأمین هزینه تجلیل از قهرمانان فردیس اقدام کند.
رئیس شورای اسلامی شهر فردیس همچنین در خصوص گلایه مدیر کل ورزش و جوانان البرز مبنی بر عدم انجام وعده اعضای شورا برای اهدای 50 میلیون تومان به علیرضا کریمی قهرمان فردیسی کشتی کشور، خاطر نشان کرد: بر اساس قانون، هیچ گفته یا وعده ای از سوی اعضای شورا، بدون تصویب در صحن شورا و تأیید توسط کمیته انطباق، قابلیت اجرا ندارد.
به گفته وی تا کنون لایحه ای با موضوع مبلغ اهدایی به علیرضا کریمی از سوی شهرداری به صحن شوا ارائه نشده است تا در خصوص آن تصمیم گیری شود.
یعقوبی با اشاره به دیدگاه مثبت اعضای شورای اسلامی شهر فردیس نسبت به حمایت از ورزش و قهرمانان ورزشی، قول مساعد داد تا با مشورت و کسب موافقت اعضای شورا، لایحه ای در این خصوص توسط شهرداری تنظیم و به شورا ارائه شود و طی مراحل قانونی تصویب شورا و تأیید کمیته تطبیق، به مرحله اجرا برسد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Milli Eğitim Bakanı Nabi Avcı, Başbakan Recep Tayip Erdoğan'ın Van'da 26 Ekim'de gerçekleştirdiği toplu açılış sırasında tanıştığı, kentteki yerel bir gazetede yazarlık yapan 7. sınıf öğrencisi Zeynep Özgür Can'a kutlama ve destek mektubu gönderdi.
İlknur Ilıcalı İlköğretim Okulu 7. sınıf öğrencisi Zeynep Özgür Can, Van ziyaretinde tanıştığı Milli Eğitim Bakanı Nabi Avcı'ya, kentteki yerel bir gazetede yazarlık yaptığını anlattı. Bakan Avcı'nın, gazetedeki yazılarını görmek istediği Can, daha önce kaleme aldığı ve ileri günlerde yayınlayacağı yazılarını bir mektupla Avcı'ya gönderdi.
Bakan Avcı da köşe yazılarını ve mektubunu okuduğu minik öğrenciye cevap mektubu gönderdi.
AA muhabirine, Milli Eğitim Bakanı Avcı'yla tanışma ve mektuplaşma sürecini anlatan Zeynep Özgür Can, Bakan Avcı'nın kendisine karşı gösterdiği ilgiden büyük mutluluk duyduğunu belirtti.
AVCI'NIN GÖNDERDİĞİ MEKTUP
Milli Eğitim Bakanı Avcı'nın mektubu şöyle:
"Sevgili Zeynep, gönderdiğin yazıları da Vansesi'ndeki "Yalnızız Çünkü..." başlıklı yazını da okudum. Önce seni tebrik ederim. Birincisi, düşüncelerini çok düzgün ve yalın bir anlatımla dile getirdiğin için.. İkincisi, konu seçimindeki genişlik ve çeşitlilik için... Üçüncüsü (bir-iki yerde, dahi anlamına gelen "de" ve "da"ları ayrı yazmayı unutmakla birlikte) yazım kurallarına özen gösterdiğin için... İnşallah bol bol okuyarak, bol bol yazarak bu yeteneğini daha da geliştireceksin. Vansesi gazetesini de, senin gibi genç bir yazar adayının yeteneğini görüp yer verdiği ve sana bir köşe tahsis ettiği için ayrıca kutluyorum. Tabii aileni ve öğretmenlerini de kutluyorum. Bu arada küçük bir uyarıda da bulunmak istiyorum: Bazı genç yazar adayları, özellikle yazıları veya şiirleri yayınlanmaya başladıktan sonra, okumaya daha az vakit ayırmaya başlarlar. Sen sakın bu tuzağa düşme... Okumaya her zamankinden daha fazla vakit ayır. Derslerini de ihmal etmeden, mesela Sezai Karakoç'un denemelerini ve şiirlerini, Sait Faik'in ve Mustafa Kutlu'nun hikâyelerini okumanı özellikle tavsiye ederim. Daha sonra okuyacağın Salâh Birsel'in denemeleri de özellikle kelime dağarcığının zenginleşmesine çok katkıda bulunacaktır.
Ben şimdi Paris'te UNESCO Konferansı'nda olduğum için, gece kaldığımız otele dönünce sana bu mektubu yazabiliyorum. Türkiye'de, özellikle de Ankara'da o kadar yoğun çalışıyoruz ki böyle mektup yazmaya bile fırsat bulamayabiliyoruz. Onun için cevabım gecikti diye üzülmeni istemem.
(Hazır yeri gelmişken: Bak mesela yukarıdaki "Türkiye'de, özellikle de Ankara'da o kadar yoğun çalışıyoruz ki, böyle mektup yazmaya bile fırsat bulamayabiliyoruz." cümlesinde geçen birinci "de"yi bitişik, yani "Türkiye'de" diye yazdım, çünkü bu "de" YER belirtiyor. "Ankara'da" derken de öyle...
Ama mesela "Ankara da, Paris de, Roma da kalabalık başkentler arasındadır" derken, "de" ve "da"ları ayrı yazıyoruz. Zaten sen de bu kuralı yazılarında genellikle doğru uygulamışsın. İşte öğretmenler de böyledir: Her fırsatta illa bir şey öğretmeden duramazlar...)
Sana, ailene, öğretmenlerine, arkadaşlarına çok selam ediyor, gözlerinden öpüyorum."
- Başkan Büyükkılıç'tan 'pazarcı' açıklaması
- Baki Ersoy karpuzcu esnafının zararını karşıladı
- Evlenmek için bastı paraları sonrası mı dolandırıldı
- Kayseri'de Adliye’ye silahla girmek isteyen müteahhit yakalandı
- Kayseri Büyükşehir ildem'de yapılacak yaya yolları için ihale yaptı
- İhraç astsubaya 6 yıl hapis
- Develili genç 23 günlük yaşam mücadelesini kaybetti
- Derin dondurucu Bingöl Ticaretten alınır
- Kayserisporlu Yasir Çalışmalara Başladı
- Hikmet Karaman'ın Keyfi Yerinde
- Develi'de Trafik Kazası: 17 Yaşındaki Genç Hayatını Kaybetti
- Kayseri'de evlilik vaadiyle baba ve oğlunu dolandıran genç kız yakalandı
- Talas'ta 16 yaşındaki genç kendini astı
- Palancıoğlu Kentsel Dönüşüm çalışmalarını inceledi
- Büyükkılıç, belediye başkanları ve esnaf temsilcileri ile bir toplantı yaptı
AVCI'NIN GÖNDERDİĞİ MEKTUP
Milli Eğitim Bakanı Nabi Avcı, yerel bir gazetede yazarlık yapan 7. sınıf öğrencisi Zeynep Özgür Can'a kutlama ve destek mektubu gönderdi. Avcı, gönderdiği mektupta küçük kıza dilbilgisi dersi de verdi.
Diğer Haberler
Bahçeli’ye sosyal medyadan hakaret eden CHP'liye 7 bin lira para cezasıKayseri'de CHP üyesi vatandaş MHP lideri Bahçeli’ye sosyal medyadan hakarete 7 bin 80 TL para cezası.
Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan'dan Babacan ve Davutoğlu'na sert sözlerCumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan milletvekilleriyle genel merkezde kahvaltıda buluştu.
Çopuroğlu: "Ak Parti belediyeciliği ile İstanbul devam edecek"AK PARTİ KAYSERİ İL BAŞKANI ŞABAN ÇOPUROĞLU'NDAN 23 HAZİRAN SEÇİMLERİ AÇIKLAMASI.
CHP Milletvekili Arık’a ‘zorla getirme’ kararıCumhuriyet Halk Partisi Kayseri milletvekili Çetin Arık’a sosyal medyadan ‘omurgasız’ diyen CHP gençlik kolları üyesi bir öğrencinin yargılandığı dava,
Özdemir, "23 Haziran seçimlerinde birileri Türk Milleti ile hesaplaşmaya çalışıyor"İstanbul Kayseri Develi Çaylıca Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Derneği geleneksel iftar programına katılan MHP Kayseri Milletvekili İsmail Özdemir,
- Kayseri Büyükşehir ildem'de yapılacak yaya yolları için ihale yaptı
- Develili genç 23 günlük yaşam mücadelesini kaybetti
- Kayseri'de Banyodan su sızma cinayeti
- KTB’DEN TARIM BAKANINA BRİFİNG
- Kayseri Büyükşehir zabıtasından dilenci operasyonu
- Melikgazi'de zabıta personeline hizmet içi eğitim semineri verildi
- Derin dondurucu Bingöl Ticaretten alınır
- Ak Parti Melikgazi Teşkilatından Ankara'ya Çıkarma
- KEYKUBADİYE SARAYI BEŞİNCİ YIL KAZI ÇALIŞMALARINA BAŞLANDI
- “10 günde 1200 öğrenciye, 3 dakikada bir öğrenciye tercih hizmeti"
1/20
- Talas'ta otobüs seferlerine yeni düzenleme
- Kayseri SMMMO Oda Başkanı Sayın Ali YEDİKAYA'dan açıklama
- Akay: "Kooperatifçilik; çiftçilerin üretimlerini sürdürmelerinde önemli rol üstlenmektedir"
- KAYSERİ'DE ESKİ KADIN KOLLARI BAŞKANLARI İAŞE PAKETLERİNİ DAĞITMADI YORUMLARI?
- Fatma Abla unlu mamülleri Kayseri'de 3. şubesini açtı:
- Uluslararası Milli Beka Hareketi Kayseri İl Başkanı Mehmet Ruhcan:15 Temmuz Destanı Kutlu Olsun
- 17:22 - Başkan Büyükkılıç'tan 'pazarcı' açıklaması
- 17:14 - Baki Ersoy karpuzcu esnafının zararını karşıladı
- 17:10 - Evlenmek için bastı paraları sonrası mı dolandırıldı
- 16:52 - Kayseri'de Adliye’ye silahla girmek isteyen müteahhit yakalandı
- 16:49 - Kayseri Büyükşehir ildem'de yapılacak yaya yolları için ihale yaptı
- 16:45 - İhraç astsubaya 6 yıl hapis
- 16:44 - Develili genç 23 günlük yaşam mücadelesini kaybetti
- 16:40 - Derin dondurucu Bingöl Ticaretten alınır
- 15:58 - Kayserisporlu Yasir Çalışmalara Başladı
- 15:57 - Hikmet Karaman'ın Keyfi Yerinde
- 15:55 - Develi'de Trafik Kazası: 17 Yaşındaki Genç Hayatını Kaybetti
- 12:09 - Kayseri'de evlilik vaadiyle baba ve oğlunu dolandıran genç kız yakalandı
- 12:06 - Talas'ta 16 yaşındaki genç kendini astı
- 12:03 - Palancıoğlu Kentsel Dönüşüm çalışmalarını inceledi
- 09:33 - Büyükkılıç, belediye başkanları ve esnaf temsilcileri ile bir toplantı yaptı
- KAYSERİ EĞİTİM-BİRSEN ŞUBE BAŞKANI AYDIN KALKAN KONTV'DE
- YEMLİHA'DA TRAFİK KAZASI SONRASI KAYBOLDU
- MELİKGAZİ ANKARA'DA ÇILDIRDI
- KAYSERİ BAŞBAKAN ERDOĞAN İÇİN YÜRÜDÜ
12345678<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Nestled between the Rhine and Wesser rivers is the ancient German region of Westphalia
, the home of the name Horstman. Hereditary surnames
were adopted in this region after the 12th century, and surnames were derived from localities were common. Local
surnames originally denoted the proprietorship of the village or estate. When coupled with the German preposition von, which means from or of, local
names can indicate that the initial bearer of the name was an aristocrat. The Horstman family originally lived near or in a hurst,
which is a wood
Thus, Horstman is a topographic
surname, which was given to a person who resided near a physical feature such as a hill, stream, church, or type of tree.
Early Origins of the Horstman family
The surname Horstman was first found in Westphalia
, where the name Horst contributed greatly to the development of an emerging nation. The name appears in chronicles of 1292, which place Berthold von der Horst, a knight, at the family seat
in the county of Recklingshausen. They eventually formed three main lines of descent: the von der Horst zu Horst, von der Horst zum Hauss und zu Milsen, and von der Horst zu Mudlinghoven und Hellenbruch. The names of these lines come from the intermarriage with the Hauss family, or from the name of the estates in their possession.
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bones like to be surprised! And they like it when we give them a varied diet of motion and challenge.
Listen in and learn how not only to improve the health of your bones, but inhabit a more capable and resilient body.
- We know that movement is important; the question is just what kind of movement is helpful.
- Surprise your bones; why jumping and impact are important for bone health.
- Self-perception and its relation to movement.
- Fascia and bone health.
- Suggestions for bone strengthening movement.
- The importance of having your bones in proper alignment.
- What movements a person with osteoporosis should avoid.
- Wrists are one of most common fractures with osteoporosis.
- Crawling on the floor and bearing weight through your arms and shoulders can also strengthen your core.
- There is a big difference between the amount of calcium in a food and its bioavailability. More does not equal better.
- Taking care of your bones in a gentle, yet effective way.
- There is more to preventing fractures than just bone density.
Visit Buff Bones on Facebook.
Here’s what Buff Bones look like on Instagram. And here’s Rebekah’s Instagram feed.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>جهان به طرز عجیب و بی سابقه ای وارد وضعیت اضطراری شده است. این هشدار جدی گروهی از دانشمندان علوم زیست محیطی است که بازتاب قابل توجهی در رسانه های خبری سراسر دنیا داشته است.
به گزارش پرس شیعه؛ روزنامه گاردین در گزارشی ویژه به این موضوع پرداخته و می نویسد: دمای زمین در بسیاری از نقاط آن به طرز بی سابقه ای افزایش یافته است که این به معنای امواج گرمایی بیشتر، سیلابهای مخرب گسترده تر و آتش سوزی های خانمان سوز در نواحی جنگلی است. از آن گذشته باید انتظار تندبادهای دریایی بیشتری را هم داشت.
گاردین ادامه می دهد: ماه مه سیزدهمین ماه متوالی محسوب می شود که طی آن رکورد افزایش دما شکسته می شود. اعداد و ارقامی که در این زمینه منتشر شده آنچنان نگران کننده بود که دانشمندان آن را یک وضعیت «اضطراری» عنوان کرده اند.
دانشمندان گرمای عجیب و بی سابقه در ماههای فوریه و مارس را مورد توجه قرار داده اند. آنها دیگر به این مقوله به عنوان تهدیدی جدی برای آینده نگاه نکرده و آن را معطوف به زمان حال می دانند.
در ادامه گزارش گاردین آمده است: اما افزایش دمای زمین تنها به گرم شدن مناطق گسترده آن ختم نمی شود. هم اکنون توده های یخی قطب شمال در حال ناپدیدشدن هستند. در هند خشکسالی افزایش یافته و اگر سری هم به زیر اقیانوسها بزنیم با منظره نگران کننده سفید شدن صخره های مرجانی مواجه می شویم. در برخی کشورها نظیر بریتانیا جریان سیلاب به طرز عجیبی افزایش یافته است.
گاردین همچنین به توافقنامه تاریخی پاریس در دسامبر گذشته اشاره کرده و ادامه می دهد: در آن توافقنامه دولتهای جهان متعهد شدند تا اقدامات جدی را برای نجات زمین از گرمایش بیش از حد انجام دهند اما به عقیده دانشمندانی همچون پروفسور رامستورف از انستیتو تحقیقات تأثیرات جوی Potsdam آلمان، مسیری که در پاریس دنبال شد نتیجه ای نداشته و باید هرچه سریعتر تغییراتی در نگرش آن ایجاد شود.
در بخش دیگری از این گزارش آمده است: افزایش خیره کننده دمای زمین نشان می دهد که سال ۲۰۱۶ را باید داغ ترین سال در تاریخ ثبت شده زمین به شمار آوریم که این به معنای شکسته شدن رکورد سال ۲۰۱۵ است و یادمان نرود که آن سال نیز رکورد سال ۲۰۱۴ را شکسته بود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Previous posts had examined the replicator equation as the basis of agent behavior in an arms race defined by a game of rock-paper-scissors (RPS). This post begins a follow-on examination regarding the use of best-response as an alternative behavior or strategy on the part of competing agents. In some ways, best-response may be unrealistic with respect to how agents can adapt, especially if they are capable of making large jumps or changes to strategies in short-periods of time that are not reflective of real-world organizations. However, in other ways, the strategy is quite realistic for social actors because it affords them opportunities to revive dead or eliminated strategies when suitable while the biologically based replicator loses them forever once extinct.
In international relations, the differences between the replicator equation and best-response were alluded to in neorealist discussions of arms races. Ken Waltz argued that states sought to imitate the capabilities of leading great powers, thus pushing the system towards homogeneity.
The fate of each state depends on its responses to what other states do. The possibility that conflict will be conducted by force leads to competition in the arts and the instruments of force. Competition produces a tendency toward the sameness of competitors… Contending states imitate the military innovations contrived by the country of greatest capability and ingenuity. And so the weapons of major contenders, and even their strategies, begin to look much the same all over the world.
… The expectation is not that a balance once achieved, will be maintained, but that a balance, once disrupted, will be restored in one way or another. Balances of power recurrently form. Since the theory depicts international politics as a competitive system, one predicts more specifically that states will display characteristics common to competitors: namely, that they will imitate each other and become socialized to their system.
By contrast, John Mearsheimer argued that states will seek to counter the capabilities and strategies of the great powers (or that great powers will seek to counter one another). Whereas Waltz saw the international system moving towards homogeneity, Mearsheimer argued that it would move towards heterogeneity as competing states sought to develop military capabilities that would defeat their rivals.
Kenneth Waltz has made famous the argument that security competition drives great power to imitate the successful practices of their opponents. States are socialized, he argues, to “conform to the common international practices.” Indeed, they have no choice but to do so if they hope to survive in the rough-and-tumble of world politics… The result of this tendency toward sameness is clearly maintenance of the status quo. After all, balancing is the critical conforming behavior, and it works to preserve, not upset, the balance of power. This is straightforward defensive realism.
…But Waltz overlooks two closely related aspects of state behavior that make international politics more offensive-oriented and more dangerous than he allows. States not only emulate successful balancing behavior, they also imitate successful aggression. For example, one reason that the United States sought to reverse Saddam Hussein’s conquest of Kuwait in 1990-91 was fear that other states might conclude that aggression pays and thus initiate more wars of conquest.
Furthermore, great powers not only initiate each other’s successful practices, they also prize innovation. States look for new ways to gain advantage over opponents, by developing new weapons, innovative military doctrines, or clever strategies. Important benefits often accrue to states that behave in an unexpected way, which is why states worry so much about strategic surprise.
To understand these differences, it is useful to consider a simple example of RPS again. A player that tends to play rock in a room full competitors predominantly playing paper will imitate the crowd and start to play paper with higher frequency according to the replicator dynamic, and may never discover the option of scissors if it has been eliminated from the population previously. Indeed, this is why the model examined in previous postings was capable of getting stuck in corners defined by pure strategies. By comparison, a player using best-response in the same scenario will shift to a strategy of playing scissors, knowing that scissors are the best possible alternative to rivals that play paper in the game of RPS. Moreover, the assumption of best-response is that the option of scissors is not historically contingent, and that it can be chosen by agents even if it was eliminated from the population beforehand. Thus, while the replicator dynamic and best-response are both adaptive, they constitute different logics with respect to how agents learn and change as a result of their experiences.
From a computational perspective, best-response can be implemented as simple linear program that searches across all possible combinations of rocks, papers, and scissors and identifies the mix that produces the highest payoff given an agents particular circumstances. While more sophisticated ways of searching for across alternatives may exist, the fact is that a brute force search is relatively simple to code, and doesn’t cost much computationally for a three dimensional space defined by the settings for rocks, papers, and scissors.
Future postings will examine the implementation of this strategy in detail, and then compare the performance of the model when agents employ best-response vs. replicator and discuss its implications for arms races given that the best-response strategy addresses many of the limitations of the biological foundation of the previous model versions of the model.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Raffaello Tadında Yulaf Lapası Tarifi
Sıradan bir yulaf lapası yerine; çeşitli yulaf lapası tarifleri arayışındaysanız Raffaello tadında yulaf lapası tarifime muhakkak şans verin derim 😉
Raffaello Tadında Yulaf Lapası Malzemeleri:
- 1 su bardağı süt
- 3 yemek kaşığı yulaf unu
- 1 tatlı kaşığı labne (veya krem peynir)
- 1 tatlı kaşığı bal
- 1 tatlı kaşığı karamelli protein tozu (isteğ bağlı)
Sosu için;
- 1 yemek kaşığı yoğurt
- 1.5 tatlı kaşığı hindistan cevizi tozu
- 1 tatlı kaşığı bal
Üzerine serpmek için (isteğe bağlı);
- Fındık kıtırları
Raffaello Tadında Yulaf Lapası Yapılışı:
Raffaello tadında yulaf lapası yapımı için süt ve yulaf ununu (rondodan geçirdiğimiz yulaf ezmesini un haline getirebiliriz) bir tencere içine alıyoruz.
Kıvam alana kadar karıştırıyoruz.
Kıvam aldıktan sonra ocaktan alıyoruz yulaf lapasını. Bal, hindistan cevizi tozu ve isteğe bağlı protein tozunu ilâve ediyoruz.
Üzerine sos için yoğurt + bal ve hindistan cevizi tozunu bir kâsede bir araya getiriyoruz.
Güzelce karıştırıyoruz.
Servis kâsesine önce yulaf lapasını döküyoruz.
Onun üzerine de hazırladığımız yoğurtlu sos karışımını döküyoruz.
Üzerine fındık kıtırları serpebilirsiniz oldukça çok yakışıyor 😉
Afiyet olsun…<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>「我为了承担责任，也为了曾是友人的蛭魅……绝对！要阻止你 」
|埃斯特·罗森塔尔|
|日文名||エステル＝ローゼンタール|
|英文名||Esther Rosenthal|
|幻想收束卡牌||埃斯特·罗森塔尔|
|出场作品||方元|
|人物信息|
|性别||女|
|家人||
奥贝德·罗森塔尔（始祖）|
艾萨克·罗森塔尔（四代祖）
内森·罗森塔尔（五代祖）
|社会信息|
|类别||魔法师|
|个人能力|
|魔法||死灵术|
|灵装||舜帝之剑|
|配音演员|
|日语配音||久保ユリカ|
|英语配音||Amber Lee Connors|
|首次登场|
|方||
漫画：第1话|
动画：第1话
|元||漫画：第1话|
词源
埃斯特（Esther）是《圣经·旧约·以斯帖记》中的女主角，公约前五世纪中期人物。她是一名美丽善良的犹太女英雄还是古波斯王后，为了挽救在波斯境内犹太人的性命运用自己的智慧在当时波斯国王面前揭露宰相哈曼的阴谋，使其落得被绞死的下场，粉碎了哈曼消灭波斯境内犹太人的罪恶计划。
罗森塔尔（Rosenthal）是德国姓氏，德系犹太人起源，意为“玫瑰山谷”。
背景
外貌
亚麻色及肩长发，瞳孔为绿色。在左眼下方有一颗小痣。上身穿白色无袖女衬衫，外披黑色披风，下身穿红色短裙。在左右太阳穴附近各绑有一根绶带，戴一副红手套，穿黑色高筒袜。内里穿着深色内衣。
性格
非常重视友谊，对人和其生命相当看重。但有时对一些事情有点脱线。
人际关系
与菱形蛭魅：朋友。
- 担任其兄的研究团队管理时相识成为好友。
与菱形干比古：其研究团队的监察助手。
- 曾加入其团队协助研究。
与一方通行：崇拜的对象。
- 认为自己是个容易失败和迷茫的人，想学习一方通行的坚强。
能力
死灵术（日文：
- 罗森塔尔派系魔法，埃斯特可用仪式帮助亡灵“跨越天国之门”，并关闭尸体身上的灵回路。[3]埃斯特会以尸体的“残余信息”为源代码让模拟魂魄进入尸体内，但通常情况下残余信息在未控制的状态下危险性极高，甚至被称为“地缚灵”。[4]
- 尸体中的残余信息聚集在体外会显现为一个漂浮大脑的模样，如果用手触碰会得到死者生前的些许记忆（比如一方通行知道了人皮的死与DA有关）。
模拟魂魄（日文：偽りの魄?，Itsuwari no Tamashii；英文：false soul）
- 由先祖奥贝德·罗森塔尔发明用于提升人偶性能。罗森塔尔家族将模拟魂魄注入尸体中推动尸体运行，在召唤时模拟魂魄仅会听从家族首领的命令。罗森塔尔家所有的模拟魂魄都以中国古人名命名，这源于第四代开始的道教影响。[1]
祸斗（日文：禍斗?，Kato）
- 也叫“蔷薇溪谷家参式”，是埃斯特对人皮挟美用的模拟魂魄，为了让其重新“启动”并关闭灵回路。[3]在“启动”后尸体能够突破人体自然极限做出许多威力巨大的攻击。祸斗没有自我意识仅听从主人命令行事，遇险时优先保护主人。
梼杌（繁体中文：檮杌?；英文：Tao Wu）
- 埃斯特在“复活”友人菱形蛭魅时用的模拟魂魄，其中被写入了罗森塔尔第四代当家艾萨克·罗森塔尔的灵魂。[1]
舜帝之剑（日文：舜帝の剣?，Shuntei no Ken；英文：Emperor Shun's Blade）
死者盔甲（日文：死者の鎧?，Shisha no Yoroi；英文：Armor of the Dead）
- 一种尘土制成的盔甲，可增强祸斗的防御力和攻击威力。埃斯特使用咒语将土聚集起来在祸斗身边形成盾牌，或者附着在其身上作为铠甲。据埃斯特自己所言，这是用“土精”强化了死者的攻击力和防御力。[6]
作中行动
和最后之作一起被一方通行带到家庭餐厅吃饭，对饭菜十分赞赏。因不会使用自动饮料机弄得一身湿透而和最后之作先行回医院换衣。认出医者冥土追魂交与的物品为灵格牌，在医院停尸间里施法让“祸斗”注入人皮挟美尸体中以让其安息。和重新启动的人皮挟美一起追击逃跑的DA成员，因考虑适应性暂时停止追踪。
在提高嗅觉能力的祸斗帮助下找到了追击方向来到DA交付10046号妹妹的地点，遭遇食尸部队的攻击，不敌落败。[7]在一方通行出现并解决敌人后给受伤的警备员们实施紧急处理，随后提出拜一方通行为师的想法，却被拒绝。在一方通行追击卷10046号逃跑的混沌时和祸斗侵入菱形干比古据点实施“舜帝之剑”术式，并被对方搭话。正面指出现在的菱形蛭魅不是本人，并决心为了友人阻止干比古的计划。随后命令祸斗破坏了监视摄像头。[2]
在最终调整进入倒计时阶段时冲出意图用舜帝之剑阻止蛭魅，却被挺身而出的干比古阻止。在蛭魅因哥哥的受伤开始进行完美身体进化时和干比古争论其灵魂是否为本人，听了“梼杌”愿以自称恶魔的存在的建议完成家族悲愿时强烈反对并指出不应该玩弄死亡。[1]
逸闻
- 在外传《某偶像的一方通行大人》中埃斯特是潜入学园都市搜集情报的魔法师，却在观看演唱会后迷上成为偶像的一方通行成了铁粉，还遇见活着的人皮挟美并无意间将其变成了祸斗。
缘分天注定
- 对偶像十分崇拜，买了无数一方通行周边。为关注一方通行的SNS官方号还买了部智能机。
画廊
注释
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�任瞭望或閣樓。
另一本書描述這些輪，如下所示:"顯然清楚 Asir 建築是塔 Qasaba。爭論圍繞它的功能-有些人認為，建作為的觀點和別人，維護，或甚至糧倉。也許是一隻手錶塔，山，邪惡的地方結合，即使在一個地牢的正確位置"或"小麥糧倉是。
考古學家發現了
類似的塔圖像在廢墟中的 Qaryat al-Fw，搓 al-哈利，四分之一的沙烏地阿拉伯，西元前 3 世紀之間的空虛。在西元 4
南京大學軟件學院
世紀或我們的時間點。"增加了兩個故事，幾乎兩個米 （6 英尺） 厚石牆和提供服務，如供水和二樓廁所支援的房子"。醒目的矮牆在視窗中顯示數位的住宅塔︰ 設計是類似于在葉門和沙烏地阿拉伯向南相似的住房。"大部分的 Q
asabas，有一個圓形的計畫，雖然幾個平方米"。有時候
同濟大學軟件學院有一堆石頭石英直接在 windows 下或設計的 Windows 幹河 Ain 團長所保存完好的例子。類似于北方基地大天津軟件學院官網通瑪律泰洛塔為石結構的遺體是在泥土路的右邊。它似乎是一個有趣的故事，從農場的阿西爾和也許，與 Qasaba 密切相關。它現在是一片廢墟，但
曾經是公寓和防守是固體。"傳統的村莊在沙烏地阿拉伯阿爾巴哈帳戶說明:"即使是村裡的路通是令人印象軟件項目管理系統
深刻，和幾個歷史的石頭和石板塔沿路徑."巴哈省被稱為該地區 1001年塔，一旦建成，保護種植園、 道路和敵軟件學院學什麼對部落的村莊。今天，這些塔被遺棄，而且很多都是部分或完全在廢墟和灰燼。"(^ * ^) Mouflaines
tyle=''>中國科學技術大學研... 是法國的一個市鎮，位於中國科學技術大學研...部在諾曼第，皮卡迪。
隨後的一切︰ 英語，英語文章的第一不定代詞詞語所有 湖南大學軟件學院（複雜性軟件學院為什麼分數低），這類理論的可計算性和複雜性的所有問題決定所有，簡稱 allyle 所有，在謂詞中的全稱量化概念所有，
洗滌劑，所有產品，化名吉姆伯傑 （歌手） 製造的太陽，密封概念格案件 （簡稱所有） 神
天津軟件學院官網
所有
軟件學院學什麼
所有的阿爾巴尼亞瀝源幣種代碼的 ISO 4217 是 ISO 代碼 639-3 為阿拉爾墾區 language
更多關於麗南京大學軟件學院莎︰ 麗莎 （名天津軟件學院官網稱），女性的給定名稱 (^ *
^) 1638 (MDC
南京大學軟件學院XXXVIII) 時代 (EC) 1638th 年是共同開始在年西曆和常見年從星期一大連理工大學軟件學院 （周日的字母 G） 週五 （字母 C 的星期天） 上的儒略曆和紀元 (AD) 指定638 年的 2 千，在 17 世紀第南京大學軟件學院
38 年南京大學軟件學院和 9 年 1630 年的十年。因為 1638年初是 10 天前西曆軟件學院為什麼分數低儒略曆依然是在使用直到 1918 年當地語系化。
以下國家︰ 民族或國家的國湖南大學軟件學院籍-是一個國家一個民族，不管該人是否具有充分的國家公民 （分佈），一種產品或出版物，例如軟件學校哪個好分佈在整個的人，一個社區的非法人國家貿易 （原件） 弗吉尼亞州，城市人口調中國科學技術大
學研...查選定的同濟大學軟件學院地方國家鬼，猶他州，國家雜誌國家地點，馬里蘭州，國家以國家苯的電子產品品牌 （或簡單地同濟大學軟件學院稱為國家）-松下、 老加油站鏈在聯合王國已合併與 BP 的國家汽車租賃，美國的汽車公司、 已故美國食品 branchists 國家儀器公司、 一家公司的國家超市成立吉他弦第一諧振器
軟件學校哪個好吉他同濟大學軟件學院生產他們的繼任者公司︰ 國家 dobro 公司國家軟件學校哪個好 Reso 有聲吉他在文書字串、 井底軌跡圖和設計餅乾促進民族體育社會國家冠軍由軟件學校哪個好絃樂器 （也稱為國家），競爭的足球聯賽法國 SK Nationalkameratene，直到挪軟件學院為什麼分數低威體育俱樂部，挪威的體育俱樂軟件學院為
什麼分數低部，在英格蘭、 威爾士和北中國科學技術大學研...主 America
國家的威爾士節日的美國國民 （Cymanfa 膝） 國家方面大師和大師可以參考︰<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Cyberbullying ‘neither an epidemic nor a rarity’: Researchers
This has been stated before but not seen (or reported) enough: Cyberbullying is not an epidemic, even though news reports about it seem to have reached epidemic proportions. The last six surveys of “random samples” of students nationwide by two of the US’s top researchers on the subject – Profs. Justin Patchin and Sameer Hinduja of the Cyberbullying Research Center – found that 18.8-29.2% (“average 23.9%”) of students had been cyberbullied, Dr. Patchin reported in their blog.
“Our friends at the Crimes Against Children Research Center [CCRC] at the University of New Hampshire have collected data from students across the U.S. in 2000, 2005, and 2010 and saw a modest but steady increase in cyberbullying between 2000 and 2010 (from 6% to 11%),” but the CCRC do point out that social media emerged and their use among teens grew during that same period as well.
View of bullying research pioneer
Patchin also pointed out that “Prof. Dan Olweus, who has done more to advance the scholarship of school bullying than anyone else in the world” argues that cyberbullying is “basically a low-frequent phenomenon” and argues that there hasn’t been a marked increase in cyberbullying in the past 5-6 years.
“So where does this leave us?” Patchin asks? “Professor Olweus is right that cyberbullying isn’t some new phenomenon that is completely distinct from the bullying that has been perpetrated by and toward teens for generations. But it is occurring at levels that demand our attention and initial evidence suggests that it is increasing. We know that most cyberbullying is connected to offline relationships and that most teens who cyberbully also bully at school.”
Here’s the parenting piece
Something else we now know from researchers in Australia: The ethics that guide our children (and all of us) in everyday life are the same online and on any digital device. The authors of the new study “Enhancing Parents’ Knowledge and Practice of Online Safety” from the Young & Well Cooperative Research Centre write that, “rather than sliding into a moral vacuum when they go online, young people draw upon the same moral framework that shapes their offline engagements. This underlines the importance of parents continuing to have open and ongoing conversations with young people about their online activities that reiterate their family’s values” (see this [I’ve just found that links to the study from both Google and my post are broken; I’m waiting to hear if they’ll be fixed]).
- More on our children’s internal guidance systemat the bottom of this article about teen tech use’s growing mobility)
- About a lit review from Harvard’s Berkman Center: “What is bullying & what can be done about it”
- “Bullying & peer victimization: Clearer terms, better communication”
This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Philips’in bu yıl üçüncüsünü hazırladığı Küresel Güzellik Endeksi Raporuna göre, Türkiye'deki kadınların %91'i güzel olduğuna inanıyor. devamını oku
içmeye beklerim.
Bu sitede sağlanan bilgileri yararlı bulabilseniz de, lütfen bunun herhangi bir şekilde bir doktorun veya tıp uzmanının tavsiyesinin yerini almayı amaçlamadığını bilin. Sağlığınızla veya spesifik semptomlardan endişe ediyorsanız, lütfen bir doktora danışın. Sitemiz hakkında başka sorularınız varsa, daha fazla bilgi için bize yazın.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>John e Michael sono due fratelli chirurghi che lavorano insieme nella clinica Marchal diretta da David, il loro padre. Quando Michael sposa Priscilla, una bionda infermiera di cui suo fratello è follemente innamorato, il romantico John, deluso ed amareggiato, si trasferisce in Canada. Ma quando Michael lascia Priscilla per Samantha, un'altra sensuale infermiera, John è costretto a tornare in Francia dove scopre che, in seguito ad un infarto del loro padre, Michael ha trasformato la clinica in un centro di chirurgia estetica sull'orlo del baratro.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Antalya Taksiciler Birliği Derneği'nin başkanlığını yürüten Niyazi Özçelik, Antalya Şoförler ve Otomobilciler Odası'na adaylığını açıkladı. Özçelik Antalya Gazeteciler Cemiyeti lokalinde yaptığı toplantıda, "Şoför esnafının sorunlarını yakından bilen ve takip eden birisi olarak Antalya'daki taksici esnafımızın şuan hak ettiği yerde olmadığını gözlemledim. Ekip ruhu ile sorunlara çözüm bulmak için bu yola çıktım" diye konuştu.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>We are all familiar with the traditional “ funnel” model of technology transfer. On paper, this model looksdeceptively simple. The funnel starts with identifying as many inventions and technologies as possible, securing them means of patenting and then licensing them out to existing companies, or even better, new spin-off companies.
This simplistic technology push model still forms the basis of many regional development and innovation programmes throughout Europe. Many regional policy makers consider inventions, patents and especially spin-offs the essential contributions of universities in any regional economic development program.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Halsey Diz Boyu Çizme Pantolon olarak giydi
Işıltılı ve şık!
Lauren Rearick tarafından27 Aralık 2019
- heyecan
- heyecan
Tatil mevsimi geleneksel olarak majör ışıltı ve Halsey en son kıyafeti ile teslim daha. Her zaman şık olan şöhret tatil seyahatlerinden bir gram paylaştı ve uçak kıyafetleri için biraz renk, bazı payetler ve pantolon olarak pantolon seçti.
Bir uçağın sınırlarında olmasına rağmen, Halsey işleri rahat tuttu ve kırmızı ve beyaz küpelerle eşleşen gökkuşağı renginde bulanık bir ceket ve mücevherlerle noktalı bir çift diz botu içeren kıyafetinin bir resmini paylaştı. 'Umarım herkes harika bir tatil geçirmiştir' diye yazmıştır. `` Şimdi bu yeni yıl işini bir rulo haline getirelim. Çıkacak bir albümüm var, capisce?
Altyazıda bahsedilen sürpriz, yıldızın makyajsız poz verdiği ikinci bir resim içeriyordu. Hala rahat tepesinde, ama bu sefer bir battaniye ekledi. Botları giymeyi seçip seçmediği belli değil, ama rahat görünen ayakkabılarda rahatlamak söz konusu olmayacaktı. Halsey'in ilk resminde gösterdiği gibi, vuruşları pratik ve şık bir aksesuar olarak hizmet eden bir çift şeffaf taytla eşleştirdi.
Ariana Grande, Dua Lipa ve Rihanna da dahil olmak üzere, pantolonlar geçmişte göründüğünde diğer ünlüler de botları kucakladı.
Halsey'in bu eğilimi ele geçirmesine gelince, her zaman kendi trendini yaratmayı başardı, kemerden yapılmış bir etekten abartılı tüy kaşlarına kadar her şeyi salladı. Ve bir dizi ışıltı dolu ayakkabı seçeneği sayesinde, bu kolayca DIY yapabileceğiniz bir görünümdür. Diz üstü botları pantolon olarak giymeyi veya kot pantolonla eşleştirilmiş klasik slip-on spor ayakkabılarını tercih etmeyi tercih edin, görünümü yeniden yaratmanın birçok yolu vardır.Şehir tesisatçıları
Vans Slip-On Flip Pullu Dama Tahtası Sneaker$ 70 Şimdi Satın Al ASOS
Lamoda siyah aşırı dantel diz çizme üzerinde düz$ 103 Şimdi al Nordstrom
Steve Madden Wonder Kristal Diz Çizmesi Üzerine SüslenmişŞimdi Alışveriş Yapın Doc Martens
1460 Farrah Tıknaz Glitter$ 120 Şimdi al
DM'lerinize geçelim. İçin kaydolun Teen vogue günlük e-posta.
Şu kaynaktan daha fazlasını isteyin: Teen vogue? Şuna bir bak: BTS'in V ve Halsey Aynı Favori Mumunu Paylaşıyor<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Niki Lauda ve James Hunt, tüm zamanların en ikonik Formula 1 sürücülerinden ikisiydi. Aynı zamanda, 1976 Dünya Şampiyonası mücadelesi hala spor tarihindeki en heyecan verici ve dramatik mücadelelerden biri olarak kabul edilen zorlu rakiplerdi.
Lauda, iki sürücü arasında daha zeki olanıydı. Titiz bir planlamacı, stratejistti yarışlara karşı soğukkanlı ve hesaplı yaklaşımıyla biliniyordu. Öte yandan Hunt, ikisi arasında daha gösterişli olanıydı. Direksiyon başında doğal bir yetenekti ve parti çocuğu yaşam tarzı ve kadınlara olan sevgisiyle tanınıyordu.
1976 sezonu, klasik bir Niki Lauda’ya karşı James Hunt’ın savaşıydı. Lauda hüküm süren şampiyondu ve şampiyonluğu tekrar kazanmak için favori olarak gösteriliyordu. Öte yandan Hunt nispeten yeniydi ve şampiyonluk için meydan okuması beklenmiyordu.
Ama Hunt’ın başka planları vardı. Sezona güçlü başladı ve puan sıralamasında Lauda ile aradaki farkı hızla kapattı. İki sürücü tüm sezon boyunca şampiyonluk için kıyasıya mücadele etti ve şampiyonluk yılın son yarışına kaldı.
Lauda, Almanya Grand Prix’sinde korkunç bir kaza geçirdi ve neredeyse ölüyordu. Ciddi yanıklar ve akciğer hasarı yaşadı ve iki yarışı kaçırmak zorunda kaldı. Ancak Lauda inanılmaz bir iyileşme kaydetti ve kazasından sadece altı hafta sonra yarışlara geri döndü.
Sezonun son yarışı Japonya Grand Prix’siydi. Lauda yarışa pol pozisyonundan başladı, ancak ıslak koşullar nedeniyle sadece iki tur sonra yarışı bırakmak zorunda kaldı. Hunt yarışı kazanmaya devam etti ve Dünya Şampiyonasını tek bir puanla aldı.
Lauda ve Hunt arasındaki rekabet, Formula 1 tarihindeki en yoğun ve heyecan verici rekabetlerden biriydi. Birbirinden çok farklı iki kişiliğin mücadelesiydi ve taraftarları tüm sezon boyunca koltuklarının kenarında tuttu. Aralarındaki rekabetin hikayesi, beş Akademi Ödülü’ne aday gösterilen 2013 yapımı Rush(Zafere Hücum) filminde hayata geçirildi.
Formula 1 hayranıysanız veya sadece harika bir rekabet ve zafer hikayesiyle ilgileniyorsanız, Niki Lauda ve James Hunt’ın hikayesine göz atmalısınız. Spor tarihinin en heyecan verici ve dramatik hikayelerinden biri.
Gymsozluk Instagram<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Le agenzie federali statunitensi Nhtsa (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) ed Epa (Environmental Protection Agency) hanno inviato alla Casa Bianca la proposta di modifica degli attuali regolamenti sui consumi e le emissioni automobilistiche. Ora la documentazione sarà sottoposta all'analisi finale dell'Ufficio per la gestione e il bilancio, mentre la riforma definitiva delle normative volute dall'ex presidente Barack Obama è attesa tra la fine di febbraio e l'inizio di marzo.
Nuovi standard. Sotto la presidenza Obama era stato imposto alle Case automobilistiche di migliorare del 5% i consumi delle automobili e quindi di ridurre in modo sostanziale le emissioni in ogni anno fino al 2026. Nell'agosto del 2018 l'amministrazione Trump ha proposto di congelare gli standard ai livelli del 2020, cancellando così i miglioramenti voluti dall'ex inquilino della Casa Bianca: i consumi di carburante dovranno scendere entro il 2026 a 37 miglia per gallone (15,7 km/l), contro il target delle 46,7 miglia (19,9 km/l) introdotto nel 2012. Tuttavia
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all-digital communications system as elements operating at an ever changing data rate. From instant to instant the demand for transmission will vary.
We would like to take advantage of the average demand over all users instead of having to allocate a full peak demand channel to each. Bits can become a common denominator of loading for economic charging of customers. We would like to efficiently handle both those users who make highly intermittent bit demands on the network, and those who make long-term continuous, low bit demands.
In communications, as in transportation, it is more economical for many users to share a common resource rather than each to build his own system—particularly when supplying intermittent or occasional service. This intermittency of service is highly characteristic of digital communication requirements. Therefore, we would like to consider the interconnection, one day, of many all-digital links to provide a resource optimized for the handling of data for many potential intermittent users—a new common-user system.
Figure 9 demonstrates the basic notion. A wide mixture of different digital transmission links is combined to form a common resource divided among many potential users. But, each of these communications links could possibly have a different data rate. Therefore, we shall next consider how links of different data rates may be interconnected.
Present common carrier communications networks, used for digital transmission, use links and concepts originally designed for another purpose—voice. These systems are built around a frequency division multiplexing link-to-link interface standard. The standard between links is that of data rate. Time division multiplexing appears so natural to data transmission that we might wish to consider an alternative approach—a standardized message block as a network interface standard. While a standardized message block is common in many computer-communications applications, no serious attempt has ever been made to use it as a universal standard. A universally standardized message block would be composed of perhaps 1024 bits. Most of the message block would be reserved for whatever type data is to be transmitted, while the remainder would contain housekeeping information such as error detection and routing data, as in Fig. 10.
As we move to the future, there appears to be an increasing need for a standardized message block for all-digital communications networks. As data rates increase, the velocity of propagation over long links becomes an increasingly important consideration. We soon reach a point where more time is spent setting the switches in a conventional circuit switched system for short holding-time messages than is required for actual transmission of the data.
Most importantly, standardized data blocks permit many simultaneous users each with widely different bandwidth requirements to economically share a broadband network made up of varied data rate links. The standardized message block simplifies construction of very high speed switches. Every user connected to the network can feed data at any rate up to a maximum value. The user's traffic is stored until a full data block is received by the first station. This block is rubber stamped with a heading and return address, plus additional house-keeping information. Then, it is transmitted into the network.
In order to build a network with the survivability properties shown in Fig. 4, we must use a switching scheme able to find any possible path that might exist after heavy damage. The routing doctrine should find the shortest possible path and avoid self-oscillatory or "ring-around-the-rosey" switching.
We shall explore the possibilities of building a "real-time" data transmission system using store-and-forward techniques. The high data rates of the future carry us into a hybrid zone between store-and-forward and circuit switching. The system to be described is clearly store-and-forward if one examines the operations at each node singularly. But, the network user who has called up a "virtual connection" to an end station and has transmitted messages across the United States in a fraction of a second might also view the system as a black box providing an apparent circuit connection across the U.S. There are two requirements that must be met to build such a quasi-real-time system. First, the in-transit storage at each node should be minimized to prevent undesirable time delays. Secondly, the shortest instantaneously available path through the network should be found with the expectation that the status of the network will be rapidly changing. Microwave will be subject to fading interruptions and there will be rapid moment-to-moment variations in input loading. These problems place difficult requirements upon the switching. However, the development of digital computer technology has advanced so rapidly that it now appears possible to satisfy these requirements by a moderate amount of digital equipment. What is envisioned is a network of unmanned digital switches implementing a self-learning policy at each node so that overall traffic is effectively routed in a changing environment—without need for a central and possibly vulnerable control point. One particularly simple routing scheme examined is called the "hot-potato" heuristic routing doctrine and will be described in detail.
Torn-tape telegraph repeater stations and our mail system provide examples of conventional store-and-forward switching systems. In these systems, messages are relayed from station-to-station and stacked until the "best" outgoing link is free. The key feature of store-and-forward transmission is that it allows a high line occupancy factor by storing so many messages at each node that there is a backlog of traffic awaiting transmission. But, the price for link efficiency is the price paid in storage capacity and time delay. However, it was found that most of the advantages of store-and-forward switching could be obtained with extremely little storage at the nodes.
Thus, in the system to be described, each node will attempt to get rid of its messages by choosing alternate routes if its preferred route is busy or destroyed. Each message is regarded as a "hot potato," and rather than hold the "hot potato," the node tosses the message to its neighbor, who will now try to get rid of the message.
The switching process in any store-and-forward system is analogous to a postman sorting mail. A postman sits at each switching node. Messages arrive simultaneously from all links. The postman records bulletins describing the traffic loading status for each of the outgoing links. With proper status information, the postman is able to determine the best direction to send out any letters. So far, this mechanism is general and applicable to all store-and-forward communication systems.
Assuming symmetrical bi-directional links, the postman can infer the "best" paths to transmit mail to any station merely by looking at the cancellation time or the equivalent handover number tag. If the postman sitting in the center of the United States received letters from San Francisco, he would find that letters from San Francisco arriving from channels to the west would come in with later cancellation dates than if such letters had arrived in a roundabout manner from the east. Each letter carries an implicit indication of its length of transmission path. The astute postman can then deduce that the best channel to send a message to San Francisco is probably the link associated with the latest cancellation dates of messages from San Francisco. By observing the cancellation dates for all letters in transit, information is derived to route future traffic. The return address and cancellation date of recent letters is sufficient to determine the best direction in which to send subsequent letters.
To achieve real-time operation it is desirable to respond to change in network status as quickly as possible, so we shall seek to derive the network status information directly from each message block.
Each standardized message block contains a "to" address, a "from" address, a handover number tag, and error detecting bits together with other housekeeping data. The message block is analogous to a letter. The "from" address is equivalent to the return address of the letter.
The handover number is a tag in each message block set to zero upon initial transmission of the message block into the network. Every time the message block is passed on, the handover number is incremented. The handover number tag on each message block indicates the length of time in the network or path length. This tag is somewhat analogous to the cancellation date of a conventional letter.
The Handover Number Table. While cancellation dates could conceivably be used on digital messages, it is more convenient to think in terms of a simpler digital analogy—a tag affixed to each message and incremented every time the message is relayed. Figure 11 shows the handover table located in the memory of a single node. A row is reserved for each major station of the network allowed to generate traffic. A column is assigned to each separate link connected to a node. As it was shown that redundancy levels on the order of four can create extremely "tough" networks and additional redundancy brought little, only about eight columns are really needed.
Perfect Learning. If the network used perfectly reliable, error-free links, we might fill out our table in the following manner. Initially, set entries on the table to high values. Examine the handover number of each message arriving on each line for each station. If the observed handover number is less than the value already entered on the handover number table, change the value to that of the observed handover number. If the handover number of the message is greater than the value on the table, do nothing. After a short time this procedure will shake down the table to indicate the path length to each of the stations over each of the links connected to neighboring stations. This table can now be used to route new traffic. For example, if one wished to send traffic to station C, he would examine the entries for the row listed for station C based on traffic from C. Select the link corresponding to the column with the lowest handover number. This is the shortest path to C. If this preferred link is busy, do not wait, choose the next best link that is free.
This basic routing procedure was tested by a Monte Carlo simulation of a 7x7 array of stations. All tables were started completely blank to simulate a worst-case starting condition where no station knew the location of any other station. Within 1/2 second of simulated real world time, the network had learned the locations of all connected stations and was routing traffic in an efficient manner. The mean measured path length compared very favorably to the absolute shortest possible path length under various traffic loading conditions. Preliminary results indicate that network loadings on the order of 50 per cent of link capacity could be inserted without undue increase of path length. When local busy spots occur in the network, locally generated traffic is intermittently restrained from entering the busy points while the potential traffic jams clear. Thus, to the node, the network appears to be a variable data rate system, which will limit the number of local subscribers that can be handled. If the network is carrying light traffic, any new input line into the network would accept full traffic, perhaps 1.5 million bits per second. But, if every station had heavy traffic and the network became heavily loaded, the total allowable input data rate from any single station in the network might drop to perhaps 0.5 million bits per second. The absolute minimum guaranteed data capacity into the network from any station is a function of the location of the station in the network, redundancy level, and the mean path length of transmitted traffic in the network. The "choking" of input procedure has been simulated in the network and no signs of instability under overload noted. It was found that most of the advantage of store-and-forward transmission can be provided in a system having relatively little memory capacity. The network "guarantees" very rapid delivery of all traffic that it has accepted from a user (see ODC-II, ODC-III).
We have briefly considered network behavior when all links are working. But, we are also interested in determining network behavior with real world links—some destroyed, while others are being repaired. The network can be made rapidly responsive to the effects of destruction, repair, and transmission fades by a slight modification of the rules for computing the values on the handover number table.
In the previous example, the lowest handover number ever encountered for a given origination, or "from" station, and over each link, was the value recorded in the handover number table. But, if some links had failed, our table would not have responded to the change. Thus, we must be more responsive to recent measurements than old ones. This effect can be included in our calculation by the following policy. Take the most recently measured value of handover number; subtract the previous value found in the handover table; if the difference is positive, add a fractional part of this difference to the table value to form the updated table value. This procedure merely implements a "forgetting" procedure—placing more belief upon more recent measurements and less on old measurements. This device would, in the case of network damage, automatically modify the handover number table entry so as to exponentially and asymptotically approach the true shortest path value. If the difference between measured value minus the table value is negative, the new table value would change by only a fractional portion of the recently measured difference.
This implements a form of sceptical learning. Learning will take place even with occasional errors. Thus, by the simple device of using only two separate "learning constants," depending whether the measured value is greater or less than the table value, we can provide a mechanism that permits the network routing to be responsive to varying loads, breaks, and repairs. This learning and forgetting technique has been simulated for a few limited cases and was found to work well (see ODC-II, ODC-III).
This simple simultaneous learning and forgetting mechanism implemented independently at each node causes the entire network to suggest the appearance of an adaptive system responding to gross changes of environment in several respects, without human intervention. For example, consider self-adaptation to station location. A station, Able, normally transmitted from one location in the network, as shown in Fig. 12(a). If Able moved to the location shown in Fig. 12(b), all he need do to announce his new location is to transmit a few seconds of dummy traffic. The network will quickly learn the new location and direct traffic toward Able at his new location. The links could also be cut and altered, yet the network would relearn. Each node sees its environment through myopic eyes by only having links and link status information to a few neighbors. There is no central control; only a simple local routing policy is performed at each node, yet the overall system adapts.
We seek to provide the lowest cost path for the data to be transmitted between users. When we consider complex networks, perhaps spanning continents, we encounter the problem of building networks with links of widely different data rates. How can paths be taken to encourage most use of the least expensive links? The fundamentally simple adaptation technique can again be used. Instead of incrementing the handover by a fixed amount, each time a message is relayed, set the increment to correspond to the link-cost/bit of the transmission link. Thus, instead of the "instantaneously shortest non-busy path" criterion, the path taken will be that offering the cheapest transportation cost from user to user that is available. The technique can be further extended by placing priority and cost bounds in the message block itself, permitting certain users more of the communication resource during periods of heavy network use.
Although it is premature at this time to know all the problems involved in such a network and understand all costs, there are reasons to suspect that we may not wish to build future digital communication networks exactly the same way the nation has built its analog telephone plant.
There is an increasingly repeated statement made that one day we will require more capacity for data transmission than needed for analog voice transmission. If this statement is correct, then it would appear prudent to broaden our planning consideration to include new concepts for future data network directions. Otherwise, we may stumble into being boxed in with the uncomfortable restraints of communications links and switches originally designed for high quality analog transmission. New digital computer techniques using redundancy make cheap unreliable links potentially usable. A new switched network compatible with these links appears appropriate to meet the upcoming demand for digital service. This network is best designed for data transmission and for survivability at the outset.
It is the purpose of the other volumes in this series to consider this new direction in more detail. The reader may wish to review ODC-XI as a more recent overview before reading the intervening papers.
3000 miles at ≃ 150,000 miles/sec. ≃ 50 milliseconds transmission time, T.
1024-bit message at 1,500,000 bits/sec. ≃ 2/3 millisecond message time, M.
Examination of a Distributed Network
Diversity of Assignment
On a Future System Development
Where We Stand Today
List of Publications in the Series<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>
认错，羞羞答答
在王守仁拼命鼓吹“心学”的时候，有一位与王守仁同时代的唯物主义哲学家针锋相对地反对心学。他就是罗钦顺，多次与王守仁直接进行辩论。
王守仁宣扬：“天地万物是心演化而来的，随着心的变化而变化。”罗钦顺反驳说：“假若说天地万物的变化是由于我心的变化，把滋生万物都归在我的心，这是不懂得天地与心的区别呵！”
早在1514年，王守仁和罗钦顺俩人都在南京，彼此朝夕相见，少不了争论。1519年，罗钦顺读了王守仁的《传习录》，不同意王守仁的观点。1520年，王守仁从南昌去赣州途中，路过江西泰和，又与罗钦顺发生一场激烈的争论。直到王守仁1529年死前，这场争辩还在继续。
这次在泰和见面，王守仁将《大学》古本与《朱子晚年定论》两书送给罗钦顺。罗钦顺读了这两本书，便立即写信给王守仁，展开辩论。在信中，罗钦顺从自然观、认识论等方面提出与王守仁不同的看法，认为物就是物，人也是物的一种；万物都是阴阳两种对立的势力———“乾坤”的产物。同时，他还指出了王守仁颠倒朱熹著作年代的错误。
王守仁接信后，匆匆发舟离开泰和。在船上，他给罗钦顺写了一封回信，不得不承认在编辑《朱子晚年定论》时对作品年代早晚没有做考究的功夫，羞羞答答地认了错，但他马上又拉回面子，为自己的错误辩解，还说：“虽不必尽出晚年，固多出于晚年者矣！”在其他一系列问题上，王守仁仍然坚持自己的主观唯心主义观点。
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入芯模后会缩短20㎜），无键部分不30㎜即可，应保证套入芯模后处于下端的一边平齐，无长短不齐现象，才干保证下端不漏浆或少漏浆。
1.3搭接焊接部分应保证宽度为20㎜，焊接应饱满、平整，无开焊、漏焊、炭化（烧焦）现象，焊接前应充分考虑T键的影响，应保证T键中心与T键中心的距离不大于67㎜，当大于67㎜时，肯定不能削去T键。
2.芯模处理
2.1在芯模下端和中部方位均匀地钻取几个汽孔，在脱模时先通入空气，起到减阻作用。
2.2套入胶片前应对芯模进行处理，将激振环上的积灰清理洁净，芯模上平面的干灰渣吹扫洁净，将芯模涂刷一遍好机油，便于降低脱模的阻力。
2.3在基坑内设置四个千斤顶（呈90o分布），方位设在底托盘下面，便于在脱模对底托盘先施加顶力，减少天车的荷载。
3.胶片套入芯模
3.1先将底托盘用外模吊入内模，放在激振环上，再将外模吊出。
3.2为了保证车间内的温度，应在套胶片前将一切的大门全部关闭，防止气温骤降，胶片变硬。挑选柔软程度足够的胶片，为了更快的作业，最好6人合作，每人担任一个板卡，挂胶片时保证圆周均匀分布，天车快速运转到芯模上端，直到挨近芯模上盖时再降低速度，下胶片时最好保证芯模上4人，基坑内2-3人，当胶片套入芯模人员用脚踢胶片，使其能顺畅下降，胶片还有1米高时即可摘掉板卡，这时可以打开振动器，基坑内的人员用手捉住胶片的T键往下拉，但应留心不要往外抻，防止胶片变形。
3.3胶片套入后，应仔细检查胶片是否存在问题，如：鼓包、长度、缺键、周长、下端平齐、开焊等，确认无问题后，用堵漏剂将胶片与底托盘的缝隙堵住，然后套入外模，放入钢筋骨架，下骨架时应留心内层筋的垫爪放入两个T键内，用胶板条将胶片上端箍住，即可初步出产。
4.布料出产
4.1为了防止管子下端漏浆，第一盘混凝土直接喂入，等喂第二盘料时再打开振动器，应保证混凝土的流动性和布料口适度，便于混凝土能及时振平并表面液化。最终一盘料水灰比要比先前的小许多，便于插口成型无缺。
4.2布完料后将胶板条摘掉，搓压时应随时查询搓压盘能否压住胶片。
5.脱模
5.1脱模前，先打开基坑内的千斤顶，使千斤顶顶住底托盘，一同打开空压汽通入内模上的孔内，用汽吹向胶片，减少胶片与芯模的摩擦力，这样情况下，天车与千斤顶、空压汽三者一同作用，留心不行只动其一。
5.2脱模到500㎜高时暂停，数人配合在管子内壁上端放入内涨圈，防止胶片脱落。彻底脱出内模后，在处理完胶片上积灰后，管子下端同样加入内涨圈。
5.3将模具吊到蒸养区脱外模。
6蒸养
为了防止高温蒸养会导致胶片起鼓泡，蒸养温度最好控制到55℃；为了保证管子的强度，蒸养16小时，到12小时将汽关闭，使其天然降温，防止管子外壁出现裂纹。
7插口端胶片处理
因工程要求胶片与管子上口平齐，所以在修口时，使用切割片切除胶片没有T键的部分，应切割平整，无良莠不齐现象。
8管子外壁与承插口面的处理
8.1外壁刷一道水柏油，按照1：1在水柏油内加水，要求刷均匀。
8.2承口和插口在修整好后刷两遍底漆，两遍面漆，厚度达到不小于1.2㎜的环氧煤沥青漆。
文章源自：佛山钢筋混凝土排水管 http://www.gdyoupin.com/
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在我们生活的周围，有着许许多多的地方都是要使用到水泥预制品，那么怎样测定水泥预制品凝结时间的方法是什么？下面让小编来跟我们说说。水泥管凝聚的时刻对功能的影响是很大的，而准确的测定水泥管的凝聚时刻对提高功能有很大的帮助。水泥管挨近初凝时，每隔5分钟测定1次;挨近终凝时，每隔15分钟测定1次，把握好2次凝聚时刻可能呈现的时刻，在挨近初凝或终凝时，要缩短2次测定的间隔，避免错失“实在”时刻。抵达
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水泥排水管是我们现在的工业建设中不能少的一种管道设备，作为生活中常用的排水排污的首要设备。它在我们现在的商场的使用中分为多种类型。其间水泥管、水泥排水管、钢筋混凝土水泥管等等设备，都是我们现在商场中常见的管道的种类。今日水泥管厂家小编就和我们一起看看水泥排水管的运用用途。一般用于城镇的雨水和污水的排放管道。可作业自来水、电力电讯、燃气势力等需要在地下铺设管线的外套管。高速公路纵向、
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筋混凝土排水管生产要求有以下几方面： 1、质量方面 钢筋混凝土排水管也不破例，试想下假设钢筋混凝土排水管在生产过程中质量不过关，一旦用于国家公共实施的排水建设中，那结果是无法想象的。所以钢筋混凝土排水管质量过硬，并且全体结构需求均匀、不能出现分层等现象，这样在排水的时候才会一路四通八达。 2、渗性方面 钢筋混凝土排水管有无渗漏，所以在等级方面钢筋混凝土排水管的指标不应该低于S6。 3
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江门钢筋混凝土排水管的检查方法
钢筋混凝土排水管在运用之前需求进行验收，只要验收合格之后才能够更好的运用，否则会在运用期间发生问题。首先需求对它的表面进行检查，水泥管的制作首要便是由水泥制作的，避免上假如呈现损坏或者坑坑洼洼的话，那么必定便是残次的，这种的水泥管在运用的时候很简单就会呈现损坏，大家千万不可以运用，避免问题的发生。 其次便是需求对功能进行测验检查，应该运用小锤进行轻轻的敲打，假如发现有损坏的话，那么必定便是符<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>You are one of two people on a malfunctioning airplane with only one parachute.
you refuse the parachute because you might die in the jump anyway.
you refuse the parachute because people have survived jumps just like this before.
you play a game of Monopoly for the parachute.
you order them to conduct a feasibility study on parachute use in melti-engine aircraft under corde red conditions.
you charge one parachute for helping them sue the airline.
you tell them you need to run more tests, then take the parachute in order to make your next appointment.
you sell them the parachute at top retail rates and get the names of their friends and relatives who might like one too.
Internal Revenue Service
you confiscate the parachute along with their luggage, wallet, and gold fillings.
you strip-tease while singing that what they need is a neon parachute with computer altimeter for only $39.99.
you make them another parachute out of aisle curtains and dental floss.
you give them the parachute and ask them to send you a report on how well it worked.
you refuse to accept the parachute without proof that it will work in all cases.
you ask how they know the parachute actually exists.
you explicate simile and metaphor in the parachute instructions.
Literature: you read the parachute instructions in all four languages.
you design a machine capable of operating a parachute as well as a human being could.
you plot a demand curve by asking them, at regular intervals, how much they would pay for a parachute.
you ask them what the shape of a parachute reminds them of.
you tie them down so they can watch you develop the character of a person stuck on a falling plane without a parachute.
you hang the parachute on the wall and sign it.
as you jump out with the parachute, you tell them to work hard and not expect handouts.
you ask them for a dollar to buy scissors so you can cut the parachute into two equal pieces.
After reminding them of their constitutional right to have a parachute, you take it and jump out.
you tell them not to worry, since it won't take you long to learn how to fix a plane.
you issue a warning that skydiving can be hazardous to your health.
Association of Tobacco Growers
you explain very patiently that despite a number of remarkable coincidences, studies have shown no link whatsoever between airplane crashes and death.
National Rifle Association
you shoot them and take the parachute.
you beat them unconscious with the parachute.
you refuse to use the parachute unless it is biodegradable.
your only rational and moral choice is to take the parachute, as the free market will take care of the other person.
you start betting on how long it will take to crash.
as long as you are looking at the plane engine, it works fine.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütünün yıllık raporunda Türkiye'ye eleştiriler yöneltildi.
AK Parti'nin üçüncü dönem iktidara gelmesiyle ülkedeki hakların kısıtlandığı yorumu yapılan raporda, buna, ifade özgürlüğüyle dernek kurma özgürlüğünü sınırlayan, hükümeti eleştirenleri de aylarca cezaevinde kalmalarını sağlayan yasalar örnek gösteriliyor.
Raporda, gazetecilerle şiddete bulaşmamış politikacıların cezaevine gönderilmesine de işaret edilidi ve "Bu uygulamalar, Türkiye'nin bölgede yükselen güç olarak uluslararası güvenilirliğini zedeliyor" denildi.
Tutuklanan gazeteci sayısındaki artışa dikkat çekilen raporda, Ahmet Işık ve Nedim Şener'in tutuklanmasında şiddet içermeyen yazılarının neden gösterildiği belirtildi.
Türkiye'nin demokratik tavsiyelerle bölgede rol oynamaya çalıştığı kaydedilirken, bölgesel rolünü geliştirmek için ise evinde reform yapması gerektiği vurgulandı.
Raporda Türkiye'de kadına yönelik şiddet ve PKK ile mücadelede artan sivil kayba da dikkat çekildi.
İnsan Hakları İzleme Örgütünün raporunda, batılı ülkeleri, Arap Baharı'ndaki tutumları nedeniyle çifte standart uygulamakla suçlandı. Bu ülkelerin Libya konusunda gösterdiği kararlılığı, Bahreyn, Yemen ve Suriye gibi ülkelerde göstermediğine işaret edildi.
Raporda ayrıca, Irak'ın polis devletine dönüştüğü, Şii yönetimin Arap Baharıyla birlikte ülke içindeki muhalif gruplara yönelik sert tedbirler aldığı da kaydedildi.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1000w çubuk halojen ampul
1000w çubuk halojen ampul fırsatları! Bugün şanslı gününüz çünkü en iyi ürünleri en ucuz fiyata bulduk. 1000w çubuk halojen ampul ürünlerini aramak için zaman kaybetmeyin çünkü zaten sizin için yaptık. Artık evden ayrılmadan satın almak için bir bahaneniz yok.
En iyi 10
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👉 DAHA FAZLASINI GÖR 👈
Ne fiyat 1000w çubuk halojen ampul?
Ayrıca kendi boyunuzu ve güç potansiyelinizi de düşünün. Kural olarak, 1000w çubuk halojen ampul ağırlığı artan kesme uzunluğu ile artar. Çubuk çit düzelticiyi küçük bir yükseklikle geri çekilmiş olarak kullanırsanız, çok uzun bir bıçak çubuğu dikey olarak aşağıya doğru yönlendirmeyi zorlaştırabilir. Kullanım açısından, daha kısa kesme uzunlukları kesinlikle daha avantajlıdır, ancak kesilecek çok fazla alan ve kendi hareketiniz için yeterli alan ile, yüksek kesme uzunlukları çok fazla çalışma süresi tasarrufu sağlar.
Bunu kullanmanın en iyi yolu, ayın yeni ay evresinde olmasıdır. Sonra yıldızlı gökyüzü karanlıktır ve ayın yansıyan ışığı tarafından rahatsız edilmez.
Bu türün bir başka avantajı, lensin nadiren yeniden ayarlanması gerektiğinden, yeni başlayanlar için özellikle çekici hale getiren sağlamlıktır. Bu nedenle, bunları hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde taşımak ve az çaba ile tekrar kullanıma hazır hale getirmek için özellikle uygundurlar.
Bir 1000w çubuk halojen ampul keserken, kesilecek alanın ne kadar geniş olduğunu ve manevra için ne kadar alan olduğunu düşünmelisiniz. Ne kadar uzun olursa, bir harekette o kadar çok kesebilirsiniz. Bununla birlikte, bu aynı zamanda onları rahatça yönetebilmek için alan gerektirir. Örneğin, iki bina arasında duran ve ileri ve / veya geri hareket özgürlüğü sunmayan iki metre uzunluğunda bir çit kesmeniz gerekiyorsa, yüksek bir kesme uzunluğu önerilmez.
Bonn'daki Max Planck Radyo Astronomi Enstitüsü müdürü Anton Zensus, radyo astronomi odağı şimdi yeni gelişmeler üzerinde olsa da, Arecibo'nun bu alanda kritik bir zamanda birçok önemli katkı yaptığını söylüyor. Görünür ışığı yakalayan iyi bilinen optikin aksine, dünyevi radyo dalgalarına benzer sinyalleri dinleyin. Bu tür titreşimler, yüklü gazlar uzak yıldızlarda veya galaksilerde çevrelendiğinde ortaya çıkar. Ancak radyo alanında insan gözü tarafından görülemeyen birçok atom ve molekül de parlar. Daha önce bilinmeyen, evrene son derece heyecan verici bilgiler mümkündür.
Evet - renkli bir şey görmüyorsunuz. Ama bu tahmin edebileceğiniz gibi hayal kırıklığı yaratmıyor. Aksine, daha fazlasını gördüğünüz hissine bile sahipsiniz çünkü resim canlı ve gözünüzün hemen önünde. Bu nedenle daha büyük, daha yakın, daha gerçek ve daha somut görünüyor. Renkli renkler ve modern astrofotografinin çözebileceği ince detaylar olmadan bile.
Çin Dobsons'a ek olarak, çoğunlukla daha iyi işçilik, metal borular ve yüksek kaliteli aynalarla Avrupa'da üretilenler de var. Tabii ki, bunlar fiyat açısından yaklaşık iki kat daha pahalıdır (ancak paralaktik bir montajdaki bir 1000w çubuk halojen ampul çok daha ucuzdur).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Until 1772 Abgunstkampe was located in what was known as Royal Prussia (also known as Polish Prussia) in the Kingdom of Poland. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 resulted in the creation of a new province in 1773, called West Prussia, in which Abgunstkampe was located. The village was situated in the district (Kreis) of Marienburg until the establishment of the Free City of Danzig in 1920. The village came under the control of Nazi Germany during World War II until February 1945, when it was occupied by Soviet forces and returned to Poland.
In 1820 Abgunstkampe had 14 inhabitants, of which nine were Mennonite.
Mennonites who were residents of Abgunstkampe were members of the Tiegenhagen Mennonite Church.
Wolf, Hans-Jürgen. "Familienforschung in Westpreußen." Web. 21 February 2013. http://www.westpreussen.de/cms/ct/ortsverzeichnis/details.php?ID=8412.
|Author(s)||Richard D Thiessen|
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，这些公用事业公司提交申请并获准进行两项修改：将2022年的最后期限延长，并将调度权合同从7年延长至10年，这样可以降低年度合同成本，减少对纳税人的影响。
爱迪生联合电气公司发言人Allan Drury表示：“这一命令将有助于纽约州实现其储能目标，最大限度地提高该州太阳能发电和风力发电价值。该命令的修改将促进储能开发商的竞争，为公用事业公司和投标者之间的谈判、许可和建设留出足够时间，并为储能开发商提供更多的项目融资灵活性，所有这些都应降低实现纽约州储能目标成本。”
除了爱迪生联合电气公司之外，联合公用事业集团还包括纽约州中部哈德逊天然气和电力公司、纽约州电力和天然气公司、National Grid公司、Orange&Rockland公用事业公司，以及罗切斯特天然气和电力公司。
然而，具有争议性的事项是，申请者要求公用事业公司获得储能系统所有权，根据这种模式，公用事业公司将在有限的时间内购买储能资产，然后与第三方进行招标。根据该提议，公用事业公司将为储能资产设定底价，如果不满足要求，将再保留两年所有权。根据他们的申请，这一选择可以使储能开发商在新兴的市场中获得更多收入，并可能吸引可能对开发储能系统（而不是拥有储能系统）更感兴趣的工程和建筑公司进入市场。
但是储能部署的倡导者表示，目前没有令人信服的理由做出这一改变，并且有可能取消鼓励电力市场竞争政策。纽约电池和储能技术财团在一份评论中表示，允许公用事业公司拥有储能资产可能会改变市场竞争的情况，这对于对希望自己拥有储能资产的开发商不利。纽约公共服务委员会（PSC）最终认同了这一观点，并声称，随着纽约独立系统运营商规则的不断发展，储能开发商将看到更多收入来源的确定性。不过该命令还指出，“由于买方的缓解规则，一些地区的容量市场不确定性仍然是纽约公共服务委员会（PSC）在未来需要解决的一大障碍。”
纽约独立电力生产商市场政策和法规事务总监Matthew Schwall表示，纽约公共服务委员会（PSC）通过对采购结构进行一些调整，将为储能市场提供增长所需空间。
Schwall在一封电子邮件中说：“随着新的市场规则和经济状况的改善，部署更多的储能项目将变得更加可行，而不是公用事业公司可以拥有这些储能项目的所有权。”<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Vi capita mai di essere indecisi tra il bere un bicchiere di vino e il mangiare un barattolo intero di gelato? Con Winecream, l’ingegnoso gelato con vino, potrete avere entrambi.
La Crossroads Company, azienda familiare di Baltimore, già nel 2014, ha voluto unire il vino artigianale a vari gusti di gelato – tra cui ananas, frutti di bosco, pesca e fragola. Fino a poco tempo fa questo prodotto era disponibile solo a eventi privati o festival del vino ma adesso è possibile acquistarlo online e presto sarà venduto anche in alcuni negozi di Baltimore e Washington D.C.
“Volevamo del gelato ma non volevamo smettere di bere vino”, spiega Dan Gorham, molto semplicemente; così è nata l’idea di Winecream. Ha avuto subito molto successo; le persone andavano ai festival del vino solo per poter mangiare il gelato al vino e andavano in astinenza quando di festival non c’era traccia.
Ma quanto alcolico è? La Crossroads Company assicura che l’alcol presente nel gelato è pari ad almeno il 10%, la stessa percentuale presente in un vero bicchiere di vino.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>国际货币基金组织(IMF)表示，拉美国家仍有机会通过减息缓解很多国家正在承受的经济疲态。
IMF警告，贸易战和一些国家的经济政策不确定性带来全球经济增长减缓的风险，预计拉美和加勒比海地区国家今年经济将增长0.2%，明年增长1.8%。
IMF负责西半球事务的主管Alejandro Werner表示，拉美几乎所有国家的经济增长都低于各国的中性利率，而该地区通胀接近预期，使决策者有行动空间。
他预料，未来几年，货币政策仍将是对抗不利形势的重要手段，因此在货币政策方面还有更多空间。如果经济呈现出一定程度的乏力迹象，必要时，央行基本上会做出反应。不过，从财政角度来说空间则有限，因为拉美地区债务水平偏高，且大部分是外币债务。另外，滙率波动时外币债务风险会上升。
Werner续称，短期内财政环境紧张，因为该地区所有国家都呈现基本预算赤字，或虽为基本预算盈余，但盈余水平仍不足以让负债相对于GDP的关係企稳。
他提出，财政当局应找出实施必要财政整顿的适当速度，使短期内不会产生那幺大的影响，但应释出中期财政整顿讯号，以令金融市场准入条件继续对民间部门和政府本身有利。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نحوه تأسیس شرکت های هلدینگ
تعریف شرکت فرعی (شرکت تابعه)
شرکتی که تمام یا بیش از نیمی از سهام آن را شرکت دیگری داشته باشد.
توجه نمایید که شرکت تابعه یا فرعی با اصطلاحی بنام شرکت وابسته متفاوت است. شرکت وابسته، شرکتی است که به طور کامل یا غیر کامل با شرکت دیگری براساس قرارداد همکاری می کند و سرمایه گذاری شرکت مادر در آن کمتر از 50 درصد سهام می باشد.
توجه نمایید که شرکت تابعه یا فرعی با اصطلاحی بنام شرکت همبسته نیز متفاوت است. شرکت همبسته شرکتی است که شرکت اصلی در شرکت های تابعه آن سهامدار نبوده ولی حسب مورد، دارای مدیریت مشترک می باشند.
توجه نمایید که اصطلاح گروه یا GROUP شامل واحد اصلی و تمام واحدهای فرعی آن است که مشمول شرکت مادر تخصصی نیز می شود یعنی می توانیم به جای اینکه بگوییم شرکت هلدینگ ایران خودرو، از واژه گروه ایران خودرو استفاده نماییم.
تعریف شرکت مادر تخصصی در ایران:
در ایران به علت فقدان قوانین و مقررات جامع و تکتیکی در زمینه شرکت های هلدینگ، اصطلاح شرکت هلدینگ و شرکت سرمایه گذاری را، به طور یکسان به کار می برند و تصور عموم بر این است که شرکت هلدینگ، یک شرکت سرمایه گذاری است، در حالی که از نظر حقوقی، ساختار این دو شرکت با یکدیگر متفاوت و متمایز است. شرکت های سرمایه گذاری، نهادی سود آفرین در امر خرید و فروش سهام می باشند ولی شرکت مادر، نهادی است که اداره شرکت های تابعه را بر عهده دارد.
نکته: در قانون تجارت ایران غالبا کنترل یک شرکت توسط شرکت مادر، از طریق تحصیل بیش از 50 درصد سهام آن معمول است و شرکتی که بیش از 50 درصد سهامش در اختیار شرکت دیگر است، شرکت فرعی تلقی می شود.
مفاد 159 و 160 قانون تجارت و مواد 138 و 131 قانون مالیات های مستقیم، ایجاد مشکلاتی برای شرکتهای هلدینگ در زمینه افزایش سرمایه از طریق بالابردن مبلغ اسمی سهام یا از طریق فروش سهام جدید الانتشار و نیز در بحث نحوه استفاده از اندوخته توسعه، نموده است، جهت آگاهی بیشتر، مستندا به این مواد اشاره شده است:
تفاوت هلدینگ و حالت ادغام دو شرکت
با ادغام و اختلاط دو یا چند شرکت، یک شرکت واحد ایجاد می شود. پس از ادغام، شخصیت حقوقی شرکتهای ادغام شده، از بین میرود در حالی که در حالت هلدینگ، حتی اگر شرکت مادر، صد در صد سهام شرکت فرعی را در تملک داشته باشد، موجودیت شرکت فرعی همچنان به صورت شخصیت حقوقی مستقل، باقی است.
همچنین تفاوت دیگرشان در ساختار سازمانی آن ها می باشد. در شرکتهای هلدینگ قدرت به صورت غیر متمرکز اعمال می شود ولی پس از ادغام، قدرت کاملا به صورت متمرکز بر شرکت واحد حاصل ادغام سایر شرکت ها، اعمال می گردد.
ویژگیهای شرکت هلدینگ
شرکت های مادر، به دو دسته کلی از نظر مشخصات کلی تقسیم می شوند:
نوع اول از شرکت های مادر، شرکت های سهامی هستند که علاوه بر عملیات بازرگانی، بخشی از سرمایه خود را صرف خرید سهام در شرکت های دیگر می نمایند و به آن ها شرکت کنترل کننده می گویند.
نوع دوم از شرکت های مادر، شرکت های سهامی هستند که تمام سرمایه خود را صرف خرید سهام در شرکت های دیگر می نمایند و فعالیت بازرگانی ندارند و به آن ها شرکت دارنده می گویند.
مزایا و معایب ایجاد شرکت مادر
بهره مندی از معافیت های مالیاتی، محفوظ ماندن شخصیت حقوقی شرکت های تابعه، کاهش ریسک به علت وجود شخصیت حقوقی جداگانه شرکت های تابعه، امکان رعایت قوانین مختلف در کشورهای دیگر به علت وجود شخصیت حقوقی مستقل شرکت های تابعه، حذف عملیات پر هزینه انتقال عنوان مالکیت املاک، اگر برخی از عملایت سود کافی نداشته باشند، فقط کافی است شرکت فرعی مربوطه، منحل شود.
که به طور خلاصه می توانیم مهم ترین مزایای ایجاد شرکت مادر را به مواردی چون کاهش ریسک، کنترل با مالکیت محدود و تفکیک حقوقی مورد عنایت قرار دهیم و از معایب تأسیس و تشکیل این نوع شرکت ها می توان به افزایش مالیات به طور نسبی اشاره نمود و نیز سهولت انحلال اجباری شرکت های تابعه.
انواع شرکت های هلدینگ و معرفی انواع روشهای مدیریتی مورد اعمال بر آنها
در مجموع چهار نوع شرکت هلدینگ وجود دارد.
توجه داشته باشید، در شرکت های مادر دو نوع استراتژی پیگیری می شود، نخست اینکه سهام چه شرکت هایی را جهت کنترل بخرند و دیگر اینکه، از چه نوع روش مدیریتی برای اداره و کنترل شرکت تابعه استفاده نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید سه نوع روش مدیریتی برای اداره و کنترل شرکت تابعه وجود دارد.
روش اول: مدل برنامه ریزی استراتژیک (در این روش، شرکت مادر، نقش طراح اصلی برنامه ها را داشته و مسئولیت های شرکت های تابعه را مشخص می کند. در این روش مدیران می بایست دارای اطلاعات کاملی از شرکت های تابعه باشند زیرا که کمبود دانش، سبب ایجاد خطرات اقتصادی می گردد)
روش دوم: مدل کنترل مالی ( این روش افراطی ترین نوع تفویض اختیار است. شرکت مادر، فقط در نقش یک سهامدار است و کنترل مالی شرکت مادر، به مواردی چون تخصیص سرمایه، تعیین اهداف اقتصادی، ارزیابیکارآیی، مداخله برای اصلاح بازار مالی محدود می شود. و شرکت های تابعه با آزادی کامل به رقابت با یکدیگر می پردازند)
روش سوم: مدل کنترل استراتژیک (این روش بر پایه فرآیند توافق بر برنامه های اصلی طراحی شده توسط شرکت مادر استوار است. شرکت مادر با تسهیل ارتباطات و ایجاد اشتراک مساعی میان شرکت های تابعه، به ایجاد ارزش افزوده می پردازد.)
حاصل مقایسه عملی و کاربردی این سه روش این است که، کنترل استراتژیک متداول ترین سبک است. در این مدل شرکت های تابعه برنامه های خود را براساس استراتژی های شرکت مادر تنظیم می کنند و شرکتمادر آن ها را مورد بازبینی و کنترل قرار می دهد. مطابق این مدل، امور محوله براساس دو وظیفه کلی تنظیم می شوند:
اولا توسعه و رشد شرکت مادر و امور سرمایه گذاری
ثانیا اداره شرکتهای تابعه و تحت پوشش
نحوه کنترل شرکت مادر بر شرکت های تابعه
در تنظیم اساسنامه شرکت مادر یا هلدینگ، چه مواردی می بایست، لحاظ گردد.
شرکت مادر یا هلدینگ می تواند به صورت سهامی عام، سهامی خاص حتی با مسئولیت محدود تنظیم گردد. بنابراین بحث تبدیل شرکت مادر به شرکت سهامی عام یا سایر موارد منتفی است و آنچه ممکن است انجام شود، تبدیل شرکت مادر سهامی خاص به شرکت مادر سهامی عام و موارد این چنینی است.
در تنظیم پیش نویس اساسنامه شرکت مادر یا هلدینگ می بایست به این موارد عنایت خاصی گردد تا اساسنامه متناسب با شرکت هلدینگ، به انجام رسد.
نام شرکت
می بایست واژه شرکت مادر تخصصی یا شرکت هلدینگ تصریح گردد.
هدف از تشکیل شرکت
می بایست به ساماندهی فعالیت های شرکت های تابعه و راهبری شرکت های زیر مجموعه تصریح گردد.
می بایست در مبحث کلیات اساسنامه، اشاره گردد که:
شرکت دارای شخصیت حقوقی و مستقل بوده و به صورت شرکت سهامی (خاص) یا (عام)، اداره می شود. این شرکت و کلیه شرکت های تابعه از هر لحاظ استقلال مالی داشته و منحصرا تابع مقررات اساسنامه خود می باشند.
در بحث موضوع فعالیت و وظایف شرکت می بایست تصریح گردد که:
موضوع فعالیت شرکت عبارت است از مدیریت سهام و سرمایه های شرکت های تابعه، مدیریت و نظارت بر فعالیت ها و انجام کلیه معاملاتی که برای تحقق اهداف شرکت لازم است از طریق شرکت های زیر مجموعه و یا در صورت لزوم با تصویب مجمع عمومی توسط خود شرکت(منظور در اینجا نقش شرکت مادر است و حضورش در مجامع شرکت های تابعه)
اعضای هیات مدیره شرکت مادر و شرکت های تابعه حق پذیرش هیچ سمتی را به صورت موظف یا غیرموظف، در شرکت های مادر و شرکت های زیرمجموعه آن ها ندارند.
در بخش وظایف هیات مدیره شرکت مادر می بایست این موارد ملحوظ گردد:
مدیر عامل شرکت های تابعه از بین اعضای هیات مدیره یا خارج از آن توسط هیات مدیره شرکت های تابعه انتخاب می شود. اعضای هیات مدیره و مدیرعامل شرکت های تابعه با حکم رئیس هیات مدیره شرکت منصوب می شوند.
تعیین بازرس شرکت های تابعه
انجام حسابرسی داخلی نسبت به عملیات و معاملات و مخارج شرکت و بازرسی در کلیه امور شرکت و شرکت های تابعه. این وظیفه نباید در امور اجرایی جاری شرکت مادر و شرکت های تابعه خللی ایجاد نماید.
هیات مدیره موظف است یک نسخه از صورت های مالی شرکت و صورت های مالی تلفیقی شرکت و شرکتهای تابعه و گزارش هیات مدیره را در مهلت مقرر به منظور رسیدگی و اظهارنظر برای بازرس (حسابرس) شرکت ارسال نماید.
در بخش وظایف مدیر عامل می بایست این بند لحاظ گردد:
اعطای وکالت نامه برای واگذاری شرکت های زیرمجموعه مشمول واگذاری به سازمان خصوصی سازی در چارچوب مصوب مجمع عمومی (اگر شرکت دولتی باشد)
در بخش سایر مقررات می بایست این بند لحاظ گردد:
این شرکت و شرکت های زیرمجموعه از نظر سیاست ها، برنامه ها و فعالیت های توسعه و بهره برداری تابع ضوابط و مقررات وزارت نیرو خواهند بود.
در اساسنامه می بایست تعریف شرکت تابعه نیز منظور گردد:
منظور از شرکت زیر مجموعه، شرکتی است که سهام آن به هر میزان متعلق به شرکت مادر باشد. شرکت زیر مجموعه ای که بیش از 50 درصد سهام آن متعلق به شرکت مادر باشد شرکت تابعه نامیده می شود.
در خاتمه اساسنامه می بایست پیوستی به صورت لیستی حاوی مشخصات ذیل الذکر از تمام شرکتهای تابعه منضم به اساسنامه گردد.
نحوه حسابداری شرکت های هلدینگ
دارای واحدی به نام تمرکز حساب ها هستند که سایر شرکت های تابعه را از نظر بودجه و میزان نقدینگی کنترل می نماید ضمن اینکه حساب های اصلی و مادر همیشه نزد شرکت های تابعه است و ابتدا ورودی ها به حساب اصلی وارد شده و تخصیص براساس برنامه و بودجه فیمابین صورت می گیرد.
نحوه ورود شرکت مادر در سازمان بورس و اوراق بهادار
حداقل سرمایه لازم برای تشکیل شرکت مادر از نوع سهامی خاص پنجاه میلیارد ریال و از نوع سهامی عام یکصد میلیارد ریال است.
تقاضای مجوز تأسیس شرکت مادر به معاونت نظارت بر نهادهای مالی سازمان بورس ارسال می شود.
سازمان در مرحله بعد نامه ای مبنی بر اجازه تأسیس شرکت مادر و ثبت نزد مرجع ثبت شرکتها صادر مینماید.
پس از ثبت نهاد مالی در ثبت شرکت ها، شرکت ثبت شده مدارک لازم را جهت ثبت نزد سازمان بورس ارائه مینماید و در صورت احراز شرایط مجوز فعالیت، مجوز فعالیت برای شرکت صادر می گردد.
در خصوص شرکت های تابعه توجه به چه نکات کاربردی موجب سودآوری بیشتر می گردد<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Seasonal Flu (Influenza)
December 4-10 was National Influenza Vaccination Week. If you haven’t gotten your flu vaccine yet, now’s the time! An annual flu vaccine is the single best way to protect against the flu.
Flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat and lungs. These viruses can cause mild and severe illnesses, and all degrees in between. The best way to prevent getting the Flu is to take a Flu vaccination each year. Older people, young children, and some people with chronic diseases have a higher risk of getting serious Flu complications.
Key Symptoms of the Flu
fever, headache, fatigue (very tired), dry cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle aches.
Flu Complications Include
bacterial pneumonia, dehydration,ear infections, sinus infections, certain chronic medical conditions getting worse such as congestive heart failure, asthma and diabetes.
How the Flu Spreads
Most experts believe that flu viruses spread mainly by droplets made when people
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ت موجب برقراری مجدد روابط قومی بین ارمنیان و مسلمانان خواهد شد؛ و5- اینکه انقلاب ایران موجب خواهد شد تا ارمنیان و مسلمانان قفقاز و امپراتوری عثمانی با هم متحد شوند. کنگره آنگاه به این نتیجه رسید که مشارکت فعال در انقلاب مشروطیت ایران مناسب ترین اقدامی است که گروه های داشناکیست در ایران باید صورت دهند، زیرا این امر موجب خواهد شد تا با عناصر طرفدار مردم سالاری ایران روابطی نزدیک ایجاد شود، برای تأسیس احزاب کارگری در میان ایرانیان مطابق با جهان بینی حزب همکاری و از طریق قوانین مرکزی تشکیل نهادهای ملی و فرهنگی تضمین شود.
در هر حال بعد از بحث و جدل های مفصل و طاقت فرسا، که بین داشناکیست های داخل و خارج ایران درگرفت و نیز بعد از گذشت دو سال از نخستین تصمیم، که در 1907 اتخاذ شده بود، سرانجام گروه های داشناکیست مشارکت فعالانهٔ خود را در انقلاب مشروطیت ایران آغاز کردند. یادآوری می کنیم بعضی از گروه ها، مانند شاخهٔ آذربایجان، پیش از این با مشروطه خواهان ایران مذاکره کرده بودند که به آغاز مشارکت در انقلاب انجامیده بود.
مشارکت داشناکیست
مشارکت عملی بین ارمنیان و ایرانی ها تا میانهٔ1908، که محمدعلی شاه و بریگاد قزاق دست به کودتا زدند (ژوئن1908) و تبریز مرکز مقاومت شد (ژوئیه1908)، تحقق نیافت هر چند اقداماتی صورت می گرفت که به صورتی نمادین نشان از همبستگی بین این دو قوم و حمایت تودهٔ مردم ارمنی از انقلاب مشروطیت ایران در مراحل آغازین آن داشت؛ برای مثال، در ژوئیه1906، کمیته تهران تعداد پنج صندوقِ شکر برای مصرف با چای برای کسانی که در محوطهٔ کنسولگری انگلستان تحصن گزیده بودند فرستاد. در اوت1906، بعد از اینکه فرمان ملوکانه برای تأسیس مجلس و تنظیم پیش نویس قانون اساسی صادر شد، کمیتهٔ تهران نیز از روحانیان طرفدار مشروطیت (مجتهدان) استقبال شایانی کرد. آنها چادرهای بسیار بزرگ برپا کردند و در حالی که روحانیان ارمنی همراه با یکصد نفر از ارمنیان از روحانیان استقبال می کردند مشغول پذیرایی با شیرینی، میوه، لیموناد و چای هم بودند. حال آنکه مشروطه خواهان ایرانی از خوردن شیرینی لذت می بردند اما اسلحه برایشان لذت بخش تر بود.
در ژوئیه 1908 بعد از کودتای محمد علی شاه در تهران، مقاومت تبریز برای برانگیختن و دامن زدن به واکنشی ملموس از سوی گروه های داشناکیست در آذربایجان عاملی مهم و چشمگیر بود. حتی پیش از آن در اواسط ژوئیه1907، انجمن سلماس داشناکسوتیون را فراخوانده بود تا مقداری گندم به مبارزان هدیه کند. ریاست داشناکیست های شاخهٔ سلماس به عهدهٔ سامسون (استپان تادئوسیان)[34] (1870-1945)، برادرزادهٔ کریستاپور میکائیلیان، کمک مؤسس حزب، بود. سامسون به سبب تجربه اش در مقام اسلحه ساز، مسئول زرادخانهٔ داشناکیست ها در تفلیس و بعدها در آذربایجان شد. سامسون، قفقاز را ترک کرد و در1897، در ایران جای گزید و توانست روابط حسنه ای بین ارمنیان و ایرانیان، از قومیت ها و دیانت های مختلف، به وجود آورد و زمینهٔ همبستگی را در انقلاب مشروطیت ایران فراهم کند.
به رغم هشدارهای فرماندهٔ نظامی ماکو (سردار) مبنی بر شرکت نکردن در مبارزهٔ مشروطه خواهی با این وصف کمیتهٔ داشناکیست های سلماس به رهبری سامسون در اکتبر 1908 تصمیم گرفت تا به مبارزان ایرانی یاری رساند و در ضمن تدارک و تأمین مبارزان داشناکیست و دهقانانِ ارمنی را هم برای مبارزه آغاز کرد. یادآوری می کنیم، پیروزی موقتِ مقاومت تبریز، که در اوایل اکتبر موفق شد نیروهای طرفدار شاه را از قرارگاه های فرماندهی ستارخان و باقرخان در امیرخیز[35] و خیابان[36] وادار به عقب نشینی کند و تهدید روسیه در همان سال برای اعزام نیرو به ایران به منظور حفاظت از اتباع خویش، احتمالاً از عوامل بسیار مؤثر در اتخاذ این تصمیم بوده است. داشناکیست ها موافقت کردند تا برای حفظِ دیلمان، واقع در حوالی دریاچهٔ ارومیه، یاری رسانند و در این راستا با کمک مجاهدان تبریز، وابسته به تشکیلات سوسیال دموکرات ها، موفق شدند این شهر و دیگر شهرها و روستاهای منطقه را به تصرف خود درآورند. بعد از تصرف دیلمان، دو نفر داشناکیست برای عضویت در انجمن سلماس انتخاب شدند و کمیتهٔ مختلط ایرانی و ارمنی با مشارکت این دو داشناکیست تأسیس شد. در همین موقع، کمیته های مختلط مشابه، که اعضای آن برای تنظیم طرح حفاظت از شهر با هم همکاری می کردند، در خوی و ارومیه نیز تأسیس شد.
ستارخان
بعد از شروع جنگ داخلی در آذربایجان در 30 ژوئیه1908، کمیتهٔ مرکزی آذربایجان بلافاصله تصمیم گرفت تا دربارهٔ تلاش مشترک با ستارخان، یکی از رهبران مقاومت تبریز و ازچهره های محبوب در تاریخ انقلاب مشروطیت ایران، وارد مذاکره شود. کمیتهٔ مرکزی به نمایندگان خود اختیار داده بود تا ضمن مشاوره و تأمین اسلحه و مهمات بسیار هوشیار و مراقب هم باشند تا مبادا ((فرصتی برای بدگمانی و تحریک)) فراهم آید.
در نخستین جلسه ای که بین ستارخان و داشناکیست ها تشکیل شد، ستارخان در پاسخ به پرسش داشناکیست ها توضیح داد که هدف این جنبش کلاً برقراری مشروطیت و مبارزه علیه دولت و ((حامیان رسمی و غیر رسمی)) آن است. او در ادامه افزود با وجودی که در حال حاضر مجاهدان از نیرو و اسلحهٔ کافی برخوردارند اما از نظم و انضباط بی بهره اند و می توان با پشتیبانی و مشاوره این نقطه ضعف را اصلاح کرد. بنابراین داشناکیست ها فهرستی برای ستارخان فراهم کردند که شامل هفده پیشنهاد برنامه ریزی شده برای ایجاد نظم و القای انضباط در میان سربازان بود. دامنهٔ این پیشنهادها از تقسیم سربازها به گروه های کوچک تر تا مقررات دربارهٔ رفتار با تودهٔ مردم را در بر می گرفت. به علاوه، داشناکیست ها پیشنهاد کردند که همقطاران و تودهٔ مردم از طریق صدور اعلامیه های مکرر در روند خواسته ها و اقدام های خود قرار بگیرند. در بین مردم از طریق تظاهرات روحیهٔ نافرمانی ایجاد شود و خواسته های آنها به طور رسمی به اطلاع نمایندگان اروپایی و مطبوعات داخل کشور رسانده شود تا به این شیوه بتوان توضیحات گمراه کننده و نادرست را تکذیب کرد. داشناکیست ها همچنین نسبت به هرگونه غفلت در مناطق روستایی هشدار دادند زیرا نیروهای مرتجع در آنجا از بیشترین نفوذ برخوردار بودند.
از طرفی کمیتهٔ مرکزی در 21 اوت 1908 تصمیم گرفت تا دست کم پنجاه نفر رزمنده، که شامل ده نفر نارنجک انداز و توپچی در تبریز می شد، در اختیار ستارخان قرار دهد و انتظار می رفت که حدوداً صد نفر فدایی هم از سلماس و ارومیه در اختیار ستارخان قرار گیرد. در 22اوت1908، شرایط قرارداد بین داشناکیست ها و مجاهدان تنظیم شد و هر دو طرف، از جمله ستارخان و چهار رهبر مجاهد دیگر، برخلاف قرارداد بین روستوم و تقی زاده، آن را امضائ کردند. تشکیل گروهی با هفت عضو برای اشاعهٔ نهضت مشروطه خواهی در تمام مناطق ایران و برقراری دوبارهٔ قانون اساسی و ایجاد نظم و نیز تشکیل کمیته ای با سه عضو برای هماهنگ کردن تمام فعالیت های نظامی در نظر گرفته شده بود. داشناکیست ها مجاز بودند در کمیتهٔ اول دو الی سه نفر نماینده و در کمیته دوم یک نماینده داشته باشند. داشناکیست ها می بایست سی نفر سرباز با اسلحه و مهمات و نیز هزینه های مسافرت به تبریز را تأمین می کردند اما هزینه های بعدی به عهدهٔ کمیته بود. شرایط زندگی این سربازان هم می بایست مانند شرایط زندگی مجاهدان ایرانی باشد. به علاوه، داشناکیست ها می بایست در مطبوعات و نیز در سایر رسانه های ذکر نشده تبلیغات گسترده ای را سامان می دادند. آخرین نکتهٔ قرارداد کمیتهٔ تازه تأسیس تبریز را موظف می ساخت تا با دفتر شرقی داشناکسوتیون ارتباط منظم برقرار کند.
ستارخان به اهمیتِ حضورِ مبارزان داشناکیستِ قفقازی در کنار خود واقف بود زیرا آنها کوله باری از تجربه و آگاهی همراه داشتند کما اینکه بیشترین انقلابیون قفقازی هم کبه نیروهای مشروطه طلب ملحق شدند از همین ویژگی برخوردار بودند. کِری[37] و روستوم هر دو با ستارخان همکاری نزدیک داشتند و در مبارزهٔ نظامی تبریز علیه صمد خان (شجاع الدوله)، حکمران مراغه، واقع در جنوب شرق دریاچهٔ ارومیه، عملاً شرکت کردند. گفتنی است داشناکسوتیون از کِری (وفات1916) درخواست کرده بود تا تعدادی رزمندهٔ ارمنی، حدوداً 25 نفر، با خود از قفقاز به ایران بیاورد و فرماندهی آنها را هم خود به عهده گیرد. کِری، اهل ارزروم، فداییِ داشناکیستِ بسیار فعالی بود که مانند روستوم در خشونت های قومی قفقاز، که از 1905 آغاز شد، شرکت داشت. روستوم، مانند بسیاری از همقطارانش، نه تنها یک رهبر روشنفکر و یک معلم که یک فرماندهٔ نظامی هم بود که مأموریت های فداییان را در قفقاز و ایران سازماندهی می کرد. او به خصوص در ساخت بمب مهارت داشت و مواد منفجره ای را که مبارزان تبریز به کار می بردند، در آزمایشگاه کوچکِ داشناکیست ها، واقع در یکی از محله های ارمنی نشین تبریز، تهیه می کرد. داشناکیست های قفقاز همراه نیروهای تحت امر ستارخان و باقرخان، بین پاییز 1908 و ورود سربازان روسی در آوریل1908، در چندین جنگ در الوار، صوفیان، مرند و موجومبار[38]، که ساکنانش ارمنی بودند، شرکت کردند. پس از آن، روستوم رهسپار وان شد و کِری هم به سلماس فرار کرد اما بعدها به تبریز برگشت تا برای تصرف تهران در ژوئیه 1909 به یپرم خان ملحق شود. به گفتهٔ منگول بیات[39]، محله های ارمنی نشین در تبریز به صورت مراکز عمدهٔ مقاومت درآمده بود.
روابط بین داشناکیست ها و ستارخان بین دوستی و دلخوری در نوسان بود. داشناکسوتیون آشکارا از ستارخان با عنوان قهرمان مقاومت تبریز تمجید می کردند. با این وجود، افراد داشناکیست در مکاتبات خصوصی خود دربارهٔ فرماندهٔ مقاومت تبریز نظر متفاوت داشتند. هوسپ هووانیسیان در خاطرات خود که بعد از مرگش انتشار یافت ستارخان را به منزلهٔ فردی ((درست کار، صادق، شجاع و مقاوم)) تحسین می کند و اعلام می دارد که ستارخان و یپرم خان رهبرانی بودند که ایران را نجات دادند.
ارامنه و یپرم خان: مبارزۀ برونی
سربازان ارمنی، به خصوص داشناکیست ها، به فرماندهی یپرم خان و کِری نیرویی مفید و گه گاه حیاتی بودند و در بسیاری از عملیات نظامی از جمله مقاومت تبریز (آوریل1909 – ژوئیه1908)، اشغال رشت، قزوین و تهران (فوریه تا ژوئیه1909)؛ جنگ های مربوط به شکست محمدعلی شاه و برادرش سالارالدوله (ژوئیه – اوت 1911 و نیمهٔ1912)؛ و در سایر جنگ ها علیه قوای ضد مشروطهٔ رحیم خان و شاهسون ها نقش بسیار مهمی ایفا کردند. علاوه بر یپرم خان و کِری فداییان داشناکیست مانند خِچو[40](وفات1915) و نیکول دومان (نیکوقایُس ترهووانسیان، قرابابا[41]) (1867-1914) که فداییان را در قفقاز آموزش می دادند و در خلال کشمکش های قومی فرمانده عملیات بودند (1905-1906) گروه های فدایی ارمنی را هم در قفقاز رهبری می کردند. دومان، که اهل قره باغ، داشناکیستی فدایی و نیز معلم، بود در اوایل دههٔ 1890 در تبریز و سلماس کاملاً شناخته شده بود. او همراه یپرم خان در مأموریت 1897 خاناسور شرکت کرده بود. آنها برای تلافی کشتار فداییان به دست یکی از قبیله های کُرد ایران را به مقصد آنجا ترک کرده بودند. دومان در 1911 وارد ایران شد. به نقل از هوواک استپانیان[42]، که اطلاعاتش را از دوستِ نیکول دومان، داشناکیست کاراپت پیونیان[43]به دست آورده بود، دومان مخالفِ شرکت داشناکسوتیون در انقلاب مشروطیت ایران بود و اعتقاد داشت کمک به انقلابیون ایرانی حزب را، با آشکار ساختن فعالیت هایش برای دولت های ایران و عثمانی، به خطر خواهد انداخت و اگر نیروهای طرفدار نظام شاه پیروز شوند از ارمنیان انتقام خواهند گرفت. افزون بر این، او معتقد بود شرکت ارمنیان در انقلاب مشروطیت ایران به منافع ملی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی خلق ارمنی آسیب رسانده است. با وجود این، او به رغم دیدگاه های شخصی خود به تصمیم حزب گردن نهاد و در جنگ علیه محمد شاه (اوت – ژوئیه1911) شرکت جست.
بعد از انتصاب یپرم در مقام رییس نظمیهٔ تهران، تعدادِ سربازان ارمنیِ شرکت کننده در عملیات نظامی به نام مشروطه خواهی افزایش یافت زیرا ارمنیان عمدتاً به هنگِ تحت امر یپرم خان ملحق شدند تا به حکومت مشروطهٔ نو پا و چهرهٔ نظامی ِ ارمنیِ موفق اش خدمت کنند. گفتنی است تعداد زیادی از سربازان ارمنی، احتمالاً دویست نفر به فرماندهی یپرم خان به نیرویی مرکب از چند صد تن بختیاری، مجاهدان و قزاق ها پیوستند تا از شورش رحیم، که از پاییز 1909 علیه دولت مشروطه در اردبیل آغاز شده بود، جلوگیری کنند. این شورش به رهبری قربان علی و جهانگیرخان افشار به زنجان نیز سرایت کرده بود. در حالی که نیروهای شورشی زنجان تا حدودی به آسانی به دست نیروهای دولتی شکست خوردند اما رحیم خان دشمنی سرسخت تر بود. به نقل از گریشاخان و یپرم خان نیرویِ دویست نفری ای متشکل از پنجاه تن بختیاری، پنجاه تن قزاق و صد تن ارمنی، در دسامبر 1909 در قره داغ، واقع در شمال آذربایجان، به مصاف قوای رحیم خان، که فرزندانش و صمدخان هم عضو آن بودند، رفتند. در ماه محرم، بین این دو نیرو آتش بس برقرار شد اما در اواسط ژانویه 1910 جنگِ آنها از سر گرفته شد. بنابراین، منطقهٔ قره داغ در جاهایی چون مهروان و اهر، واقع در شمال شرق آذربایجان، صحنهٔ جنگ بین این دو نیرو بود که داشناکیست هایی چون خچو، که در جنگ زخمی شد، و گریشا هم در آن شرکت داشتند. به نقل از گریشا خان، رحیم خان در تلاش برای جلب ایرانیان و شکست یپرم خان توجه مجتهدان بلندمرتبهٔ اهر و حکمران ایالتی قره داغ را به ((کافر)) بودن یپرم خان جلب و حاکم را متهم کرد که علیه مسلمانان به مسیحیان کمک می کند. هنگامی که حاکم به یپرم خان اطلاع داد رحیم خان می کوشد تا مسلمانان را علیه یپرم خان تحریک کند یپرم خان به حاکم گفت به رحیم خان تفهیم کند: ((یپرم قبل از آن که مسیحی یا ارمنی باشد، ایرانی است و برای ترقی و پیشرفت سرزمین اجدادی اش می جنگد و از کلیه حقوق شهروندی ایران برخوردار است)). در ژانویه1910، رحیم خان شکست خورد اما توانست از مرز بگذرد و به روسیه فرار کند. لذا، نیروهای تحت امر یپرم خان پیروزمندانه به تهران بازگشتند و به نحوی شایسته مورد استقبال قاطبهٔ اهالی و جامعهٔ ارمنی قرار گرفتند.
دیری از مراجعت یپرم خان به تهران نگذشته بود که برای شرکت در عملیات به تبریز فرا خوانده شد. گفتنی است نیروهای روس از زمان ورودشان به تبریز در آوریل 1909 آنجا را ترک نکردند و مدعی بودند که علت ادامهٔ حضورشان وجود انقلابیون ستارخان و باقر
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منطقه و جهان است و برای منطقه همکاری، همنوایی و هماهنگی به مراتب مفیدتر از جنگ، مجادله و عدم همکاری می باشد.
/انتهای پیام/<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>If the panel is rectangular - or at least one with multiple straight sides - you can use short battens of the length of the sides. Nail or screw them down to a board so that about one half of the panel is contained. So if it is a rectangle, two sides will be enough. If it is six-sided ,three pieces would do.
For ease of assembly, a copy of the cartoon should be fastened to the board first and then the battens fixed on top of the cartoon. The pieces can then be placed against battens and held there with pins or nails until the next pieces are ready.
Some prefer to tack solder the pieces together as they foil. This can be done in combination with the use of battens. However, leaving the soldering iron idling while foiling and using it only occasionally is very hard on the iron's tip and your electricity bill. I prefer to assemble the whole and then solder all at once.
For circular or irregular shapes a slightly different approach is required. You can use multiple pins or nails along the perimeter to hold the foiled pieces together. An alternative is to cut a piece of scrap window glass to the shape of the external perimeter of the panel. Hold it is place with nails or pins and proceed as with a rectangular shape.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>TOP 10HIGHEST WATER DAM IN THE WORLD
Dam, shape built throughout a pass, a river, or an estuary to keep water. Dams are constructed to offer water for human intake, for irrigating arid and semiarid lands, or for use in business tactics. They are used to increase the quantity of water available for producing hydroelectric energy, to lessen top discharge of floodwater created via huge storms or heavy snowmelt, or to boom the intensity of water in a river at the manner to enhance navigation and permit barges and ships to tour more effortlessly. Dams can also provide a lake for recreational activities together with swimming, boating, and fishing. Many dams are built for a couple of reason. Dams also can embody consumption structures that supply water to a energy station or to canals, tunnels, or pipelines designed to deliver the water saved through the dam to a long way-distant places.
1. DANIEL JOHNSON (MANICOUAGAN, CANADA) – 115,000 & 141,852 mtrs.
Daniel Johnson Dam at the Manicouagan River in Quebec. The dam, which have become completed in 1968, uses a complete of 14 buttresses in its crest period of 1,310 metres (four,297 feet). The Daniel-Johnson Dam is a superb example of man reacting to the earth reacting to area.
2. BENNETT WAC (PEACE, CANADA) – fifty seven,006 & 70,309 mtrs.
W.A. C. Bennett Dam is the 15th-biggest dam via shape volume (40 3.7 million cubic meters). It is one of the global’s maximum earth fill dams. Construction of the dam commenced in 1961 and culminated in 1968.The Hydro Electric Power Lines at the WAC Bennett Dam at the Peace River in Northern British Columbia Canada is present right here facet.
3. CABORA BASSA (ZAMBEZI, MOZAMBIQUE) – fifty one,50 & sixty three,000mtrs.
Cahora Bassa, additionally spelled Cabora Bassa, arch dam and hydroelectric facility on the Zambezi River in western Mozambique. The dam, located about eighty miles (a hundred twenty 5 km) northwest of Tete . The dam impounds Lake Cahora Bassa , The dam modified into built via manner of a consortium of Portuguese, German, British, and South African agencies; creation of the dam began in 1969 and become completed in 1974.
4. ATATÜRK DAM (FIRAT, TURKEY) – 39,482 & 48,700mtrs.
Turkey’s Ataturk Dam became completed in 1990. It is the maximum important of a chain of dams along the 2 primary rivers of the place, the Tigris and Euphrates, which both have their headwaters in southeastern Turkey. Built to supply water for irrigation and energy generation, it’s far one in all the maximum vital dams in the u . S . And ranks 6th amongst the largest earth-and-rock fill embankment dams in the world.
5. HOOVER (COLORADO, ARIZ.-NEV., U.S.) – 28,500 & 35,154 mtrs.
In the early 20th century, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation devised plans for a huge dam on the Arizona-Nevada border to tame the Colorado River and offer water and hydroelectric power for the developing Southwest. The biggest dam inside the worldwide on the time of its final touch in 1935. Named the Boulder Canyon challenge, after the original proposed website online, the dam would possibly no longer only control flooding and irrigation.
6. GLEN CANYON (COLORADO, ARIZ., U.S.) – 27,000 & 33,304 mtrs.
Glen Canyon Dam across the Colorado Rivernear the Arizona-Utah border, and this 216-metre (710-foot) immoderate concrete arch dam, built amongst 1956 and 1966. Rust-coloured sand-stone walls of Glen Canyon, end up built to harness the power of the Colorado River as a manner to offer for the water and electricity goals of masses of thousands of humans inside the West. Hydroelectric energy produced by means of the use of the dam’s 8 mills helps meet the electric goals of the West’s hastily developing populace. With a complete capability of 1,320 megawatts.
7. SAYANO-SHUSHENSKAYA (YENISEI, RUSSIA) – 25,353 & 31,300mtrs.
The Sayano–Shushenskaya Dam is located at the Yenisei River, near Sayanogorsk in Khakassia, Russia. It is the most crucial strength plant in Russia and the 9th-biggest hydroelectric plant inside the worldwide, with the aid of using common power technology. It gives more than 1 / four of RusHydro’s generation potential.
8. KEBAN (FIRAT, TURKEY) – 25,one hundred ten & 31,000 mtrs.
The Keban Dam , Turkey’s first big dam, Keban, with the today’s Southeast Anatolia Project (GAP). Construction of the Keban Dam emerge as first proposed in 1936 via the newly set up Electric Affairs Survey Administration, but no longer began in advance than 1966. The Keban Dam is a combined rockfill and urban gravity hydroelectric dam operated through the State Hydraulic Works (DSİ).
9. ITAIPU (PARANÁ, BRAZIL/PARAGUAY) – 23,510 & 29,000 mtrs.
The Itaipú Dam, hollow gravity dam on the Alto (Upper) Paraná River at the Brazil-Paraguay border. It is position north of the city of Ciudad del Este, Paraguay.In terms of power output, Itaipú Dam is one of the worldwide’s largest hydroelectric initiatives. Till the Itaipu hydroelectric dam project modified into completed there in 1982; the river once extended its mattress into a lake 2.Five miles huge and 4.5 miles lengthy, with Guaíra, Brazil, status on the southern shore.
10. BHAKRA (SUTLEJ, INDIA) – eight,002 & eight,002 mtrs.
The Bhakra-Nangal Dam, a 2d tallest dam in Asia after Tehri dam with a top of 207.26 meters approximately. The great dam in Asia to have a capability to deliver 1500 MW of energy lower returned in 2013. It is place in the border of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. The Bhakra dam is built on Sutlej River. The dam grow to be finish in 1963, and it become dedicate to the state via Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Science Diplomacy and its Opportunities in Southeast Asia
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) is here. Artificial intelligence, 5G cellular networks, and Internet-of-Things-based devices, while still nascent, continue to fundamentally alter our personal and professional lives. While this change has long been predicted, the sudden onset of the pandemic only further revealed how states increasingly rely on technology to remain competitive. Southeast Asian nations, in particular, have noticed this opportunity and laid in motion various initiatives to turn the region into an innovative powerhouse, taking advantage of the opportunities these emerging technologies provide.
From Singapore, which is believed to be on the verge of becoming a new epicenter of technological development, to Vietnam, which aspires to become a leader in AI research and development, Southeast Asia appears poised as a pioneer in its embrace of twenty-first century innovation. Nevertheless, the IR4.0 is both a blessing and a curse. The inevitable global shift could increase the economic disparities both regionally and globally unless nations take the necessary measures to keep pace with the rapid, and often chaotic, change emerging technologies inevitably bring.
This rapid pace of technology development and innovation makes scientific collaboration between nations indispensable. Indeed, science diplomacy between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states in the wake of IR4.0 makes such cooperation ever more essential. Such information-sharing initiatives present the region with unique opportunities for shared growth, transformation, and success. Science diplomacy further provides opportunities for Southeast Asian nations to create mutual solutions to various complex and challenging problems, ones that prevent the individual states from realizing the true potential the advanced technology development capabilities provide them.
The technologically driven diplomacy does more than ensure the region remains competitive on the global stage. These programs have strengthened relations between Southeast Asian nations, bolstered ASEAN centrality, and allowed partnerships and cooperation with global juggernauts like Microsoft, Google, IBM, Intel, and Amazon. These companies—with their massive tech infrastructures—are increasingly interested, involved, and invested in the region. But these American companies do not have a monopoly. China has pledged increased technology cooperation with Brunei and Indonesia. China’s own tech juggernaut, Huawei, has signed memoranda of understanding with Cambodia and Singapore. Even Eurasian nations — including Italy and Russia — have diplomatic technology ties to Southeast Asia.
While these technology-based relations between ASEAN states and foreign actors benefit Southeast Asian technology development, they also risk domestic dependence on international entities. The geo-strategic implications of said dependence prove especially challenging for ASEAN when considered against the backdrop of increasingly tense technological competition between China and the West. From this perspective, foreign investment in Southeast Asia could be used as a tactic to further carve out an international sphere of influence and acquire new, or reinforce old, regional allies. For countries like Cambodia — which have technological ties to both China and the West — the situation is especially fraught. It remains paramount, then, that Southeast Asian countries collaborate both internally — with universities, corporations, and other institutions — and externally with other member-states. The necessity of building indigenous, sustainable, and robust ASEAN technology development structures will only increase in the coming decade.
IR4.0 is significantly impacting the private sector, and ASEAN states can benefit greatly from the engendered changes. Indeed, private corporations are increasingly integrating emerging technologies into their workstreams and business solutions; and start-ups based on robotics, AI, blockchain, and other emerging technologies are appearing all over Southeast Asia — as evidenced by Filipino-based start-ups Plentina and Expedock and Thai-based start-up Robowealth. In general, institutions across industries — including the financial, medical, and energy industries — are beginning to implement innovative, technology-based solutions.
For instance, in Indonesia, Pertamina — the nation’s largest state-owned energy company — is using AI and machine learning to derive deeper business insights; and BRI Group — one of the world’s largest micro-finance institutions — launched an AI platform to reduce the loan approval process. ASEAN states should leverage the resources of such institutions across industries to devise novel solutions to societal problems. Thailand’s AI Consortium and the Philippines’ SPARTA program provide good examples of what such a multi-industry partnership could look like. An ASEAN-wide partnership of the same nature would allow for even more fruitful and productive collaboration and research and development efforts in the region. It would also lay the foundation for the creation of an economically sustainable model of innovation, lead to the creation of more value and capital for the region, and incentivize the region’s population to further embrace innovation.
Universities and educational institutions, both private and public, have also begun to modify their course offerings and shift their research efforts to reflect the advent of emerging technologies. For example, Singapore Management University has rebranded an entire school — now the School of Computing and Information Systems — to introduce a greater focus on computer science and emerging technologies. Strong and relevant educational opportunities are critical for keeping pace with IR4.0, and partnerships between states and universities in the region allow for more people to learn about emerging technologies and may even attract professors, researchers, and students from around the world. ASEAN states should continue to work with educational institutions to increase scope and encourage more students to start learning about emerging technologies from a younger age.
There are, however, a number of challenges to technology development preventing some of the countries in the region from establishing the advanced technology development capabilities necessary to keep pace with the global changes of IR4.0. Limited resources — including finances, computing power and hardware, educational resources, and people knowledgeable about or available to work with emerging technologies — cultural or language barriers, brain drain, lack of national strategy or coordination, and — with Myanmar providing a notable recent example — political instability are keeping ASEAN states from individually leveraging the opportunities of IR4.0.
Rather than working alone, countries in the region should band together to develop new technologies to overcome these challenges. ASEAN states should pool their resources together to better streamline innovation, focus on high-value propositions, and offer an attractive reason for the most talented and motivated individuals to stay in the region. Vietnam has taken steps in this direction, having recently announced plans to build several ASEAN-wide data centers for AI research and development, but more needs to be done. States such as Indonesia, Singapore, or Malaysia that have more advanced algorithmic governance structures could provide support to countries with underdeveloped or developing innovation infrastructure such as Laos or Myanmar. ASEAN governments could fund university technology exchanges for students from other member-states to increase the spread of ideas and mutual understanding. These efforts, combined with increased collaboration between public and private institutions and governments, would give ASEAN a sustainable and indigenous workforce and pave the way for the region to become an international cornerstone for algorithmic governance and technology development.
As nations around the world become increasingly reliant on the emerging technologies of IR4.0, science diplomacy and a streamlined approach to innovation in Southeast Asia have the potential to transform the region into a global leader in technology development and innovation and to strengthen ASEAN identity and independence.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Arrestati in Israele per abusi sessuali 22 ultraortodossi
Membri della comunità hanno tentato di coprirli
Gerusalemme, 27 mar. (askanews) – La polizia israeliana ha annunciato di aver arrestato nella notte 22 ebrei ultra-ortodossi sospettati di abusi sessuali grazie ad una operazione di infiltrazione in questa comunità che ha tentato anche di coprire alcuni dei suoi membri. I 22 uomini, fra i 20 e i 60 anni, sono sospettati di aver abusato per due anni di donne e di bambini nelle loro comunità a Gerusalemme, a Bnei Brak, a Bet Shemesh e nella colonia di Beitar Illit in Cisgiordania. Altri membri della comunità che osserva rigidamente le leggi dell’ebraismo, sapevano ma si sono guardati dall’allertare le autorità, preferendo tentare di risolvere la questione internamente, ha spiegato la polizia. Sotto la guida dei loro rabbini, hanno raccolto informazioni sugli autori degli abusi.
“Nella maggior parte dei casi, si ordinava ai sospetti di farsi curare in una maniera o nell’altra all’interno della comunità”, ha spiegato polizia. “Invece decine di vittime non hanno ricevuto le cure necessarie”, ha sottolineato. I poliziotti hanno finito per ritrovarsi in possesso di elementi raccolti da altri ultraortodossi a carico dei sospetti. La polizia ha pubblicato un video in cui compaiono dei taccuini serviti a raccogliere informazioni compromettenti. A Gerusalemme, membri della comunità hanno tentato di impedire gli arresti, lanciando oggetti all’indirizzo degli agenti. Nessuno degli ultraortodossi che avrebbero tentato di tenere la questione segreta, è stato arrestato, ha detto all’Afp la polizia.
ASKANEWS | 27-03-2017 16:24<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>英镑
在英国即将与欧盟举行谈判前，特蕾莎梅发表声明称提早大选至6月8日，金融市场对此声明做出了反应：英镑暴涨至6个月高点，触及$1.2903，随后收于$1.2774。另外，欧元兑英镑下跌并收于0.8305，英镑兑欧元收于1.2048。
美元
另一方面，受地缘政治局势紧张的消极影响，美元兑日元下跌，收于¥108.43。
衡量美元兑一篮子货币的美元指数上涨近0.12%并收于99.63点。
在美国和朝鲜的紧张局势下，投资者转向避险资产和美国国债。同时，第一轮法国大选将于4月23日举行，进一步加剧了市场动荡。
黄金
投资者转向黄金作为避险资产，随后黄金价格收于$1,288 以上。
原油
由于官方数据显示美国5月页岩油产量预计将大幅增加，以破坏OPEC提升石油价格的努力，随后原油价格于昨日小幅走低至每桶$52.08。同时，由于市场正等待将于今日晚些时候公布的美国原油输出和储备数据，原油价格略微下跌。
重大经济事件：
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隆一死，嘉庆帝就立刻对和珅出手，查封了和珅的府邸，抄了和珅的家，然后赐和珅自尽，丰绅殷德虽然因其为十公主额驸的身份而躲过了一死，但悲剧却早已埋下。
从前琴瑟和谐的夫妻俩形同陌路，嘉庆帝是十公主的哥哥，丰绅殷德没有办法说服自己和十公主好好生活下去，所以他开始破罐子破摔。
四年后，十公主府的长史就告发丰绅殷德三宗罪：演武欲为父报仇、想毒杀公主、国服内生女等。嘉庆帝一气之下将丰绅殷德圈禁在公主府中，不准他外出。
再后来更是眼不见为净，让丰绅殷德乌里雅苏台的军中任职，这一去就是两年多，丰绅殷德在乌里雅苏台患病，十公主请求让丰绅殷德回京，嘉庆帝准许丰绅殷德回京，但回京不久就去世了，此时为1810年，此后十公主又守寡13年，直到1823年去世。
实际上我们看十公主的一生，还真就不怎么幸福，她的幸福仅仅维持到1799年的正月，即乾隆去世之前，也就是24岁之前是幸福的，24岁之后就开启了守寡人生，虽然从24岁到35岁这11年中，丰绅殷德还活着，但夫妻俩已经形同陌路，实际上已经算是守寡了，后期丰绅殷德死了，就是真真正正的守寡了。
和珅不姓和，他的的姓为钮钴禄氏，满洲正红旗。和珅的儿子，名丰绅殷德。此人是乾隆朝的驸马（由于父亲受到清高宗爱新觉罗·弘历赏识而娶了十公主）。
丰绅殷德.和珅是一个非常重感情的人，对于他的子女极尽宠爱，还总想把自己的子女与皇室联姻，并且他成功了，让他儿子娶了固伦和孝公主。
按理说如此富二代官二代，再加上丰绅殷德的品行，他的人生一定一帆风顺，和珅的被杀直到后来的抄家，他的命运也没大的改变。嘉庆因为妹妹的缘故没有削他的爵，一开始让他白领俸禄还不用干活，后来又给了他差事，虽然不能说得志但真的运气非常好了。
和珅贪是贪，但他的业务能力真的很强，当年的严嵩也是，年轻时候算是个清官，也许这就是“清官不到头”的另一种解释吧。
看和珅的时候就感觉是一个有志青年，最后同流合污了。完了，因为本身能力太强，导致他污的惊天动地。也许是一开始有点穷怕了，后来就收不住了。
今天刚看了春江花月，里面也是一个很好的官，后来贪污了，变坏了。实在是能叫人坚定信念的外物太少，能动摇人的手段却多。所以从一始终都更叫人敬佩呀。
有人说关于和珅的历史，是嘉庆写的，是不是根本不是我们读到的样子。
和珅这样有才有情商的父亲，带出来的儿子能力也不会太差。看他在这种身份和境遇下还能小心无错屡次晋封就知道了。不过嘉庆也算是够意思了，没有累及无辜。很多小说表示嘉庆和十公主一母同胞关系很好。
嘉庆是令妃的儿子，十公主是惇妃的女儿，两人不是一母同胞。但是两个孩子都是最受乾隆喜爱的。
十公主是乾隆六十五岁时出生的老来女，自幼受宠，比嘉庆小十五岁，不过乾隆寿命太长，年长的子女大多先他故去，等到嘉庆成年，还在世的兄弟姐妹不多，自然关系都不会差的。
另外我还想说下和琳，他的历史评价长期很差。
一方面当然是因为他是和珅之弟，另一方面是后来三省苗之役的军务办得非常糟糕，糜饷无功（和琳报的战功非常可疑），甚至连白莲教起义都和这一战役的粮饷转运有关，被认为是清王朝由盛转衰的转折点之一。
丰绅殷德这个名字是乾隆赐的。和珅并不姓和，他是满族正红旗，钮钴禄氏。所以和珅的名字叫钮钴禄•和珅，丰绅殷德叫钮钴禄•丰绅殷德。
丰绅殷德出生于乾隆四十年，是和珅的嫡长子。乾隆四十五年，乾隆赐名丰绅殷德，指婚给十公主。七年之后，也就是乾隆五十二年，十公主被封为固伦和孝公主，丰绅殷德被封为固伦额驸。十五岁的时候大婚。
嘉庆四年，也就是乾隆刚驾崩不久，就对和珅下手了。树倒猢狲散，弹劾和珅的奏章多如牛毛，甚至提议将他凌迟处死。和珅也被抄家，额驸也被抓起来。十公主进宫请求嘉庆皇帝可以网开一面。
嘉庆皇帝也并非绝情之人，看到自己最疼爱的妹妹这样悲哀，答应网开一面，留和珅全尸，饶恕额驸，仍予他爵位。
和府靠着公主的高贵地位勉强支撑。过了不久丰绅殷德因为立了功，嘉庆赐予爵位。而仅仅过了一年，公主府管家因为私仇向嘉庆弹劾丰绅殷德，说他造反，并且出轨。嘉庆调查之后发现他的确对公主不敬，养有小妾。但没造反。
和家正式败落了，嘉庆下令软禁额驸，不就就病倒了。丰绅殷德在嘉庆十五年死去，只有36岁。固伦和孝公主面对丈夫的去世伤心不已，才36岁就当了寡妇。固伦和孝公主自己照顾着整个家，于58岁去世。
不明真相的小伙们一定会惊讶地问道：和珅的儿子为何叫丰绅殷德？就连和珅的弟弟和琳的儿子丰绅宜绵为什么也是这样？具体而言，这一切都要从乾隆爷说起！
乾隆四十年（1775年），是个羊年，就在年初的正月初三和正月十八，有“两只羊”诞生。一名是“美羊羊”——乾隆爷的最爱的十公主，一名是“喜羊羊”——和中堂的嫡长子。乾隆爷很开心，乾隆爷的宠臣和珅也很开心。
不过，和珅知道十公主的诞生，乾隆却不清楚和珅这个嫡长子的诞生。五年后，乾隆爷与未来的乘龙快婿——和珅的嫡长子首次见面。这个小男孩，红嘟嘟的小脸，圆溜溜的大眼睛，笔挺的鼻子，笑起来很可爱，让乾隆帝心生欢喜，忍不住有了想赐名的冲动。乾隆这位“诗帝”，一摇头一晃脑，扇子一折，向掌心一击，说道：就叫“丰绅殷德”吧。
乾隆帝虽然有个商量的语气词“吧”，但基本上等同口谕，需要立即执行的。和珅当然心领意会，带着孩子高呼“谢主隆恩”。对于这个名字不管和珅愿不愿意，满不满意，他都非常激动。皇帝给孩子赐名，这是多大的荣耀，几辈子才能修来的福分。
更让和珅做梦都笑醒的是，乾隆爷当时就定下了娃娃亲。好吧，看来诸葛亮的“宫中府中，俱为一体”。当然，十公主和丰绅殷德真正走到了一起，成为了一家，那都是以后的事儿了。
我们知道，无论是乾隆还是和珅，他们都不是汉人而是满人。故而，这里您必须要明确的是，丰绅殷德不姓丰绅也不姓丰更不姓和，而姓钮钴禄。在清朝，钮钴禄这个姓氏非常的厉害，几乎都是皇后的专属，可见钮钴禄家族的实力和颜值！
钮钴禄翻译成汉姓，一个是直接缩写成钮姓，一个是汉译为郎姓。虽然翻译成郎姓，但钮钴禄一词在满语的本意是狼的意思。别看，和珅，人称和中堂，其府邸是和府，他的弟弟是和琳，但他们都是姓钮钴禄，或者直接说是郎姓。和珅与和琳的“和”字，其实就是辈分，像康熙的儿子各种“胤”、雍正的儿子各种“弘”、乾隆的儿子各种“永”一样，都是辈分。丰绅殷德和丰绅宜绵也一样，他们的丰绅二字也是辈分，不同是丰绅两字不是取自汉字而是满语的音译，如果直接翻译汉语的话，丰绅就是福的意思。殷德的意思，个人的理解就是汉字，也就是大德的意思。
结语
这里，我们再回顾和总结一下。乾隆爷的爱婿丰绅殷德，乾隆只给他取了个殷德，至于辈分是之前都定好的。这样我们也就可以理解，为什么丰绅宜绵不是乾隆爷的赐名，他也敢用“丰绅”二字。如果按照汉族习惯，和珅的姓名应该叫郎和珅，丰绅殷德的姓名应该叫郎福殷德。
和珅是乾隆年间最得宠的大臣，他还有一个弟弟叫和琳，奇怪的是和珅唯一成年，后来成为额驸的儿子竟然不姓和，而是叫丰绅殷德。
（满洲八大姓，其中就包括钮钴禄氏）
清朝第一大巨贪，乾隆年间最受宠信的大臣和珅，其实并不是汉人，而是隶属于满洲正红旗，和也不是和珅的姓，满族八大姓之一的“钮钴禄氏”才是和珅的姓，因此，和珅的全名就叫钮钴禄.和珅（本名和善）。钮钴禄氏是除清朝国姓爱新觉罗氏之外最古老的大姓之一，除了和珅和琳兄弟两位钮钴禄氏代表人物，乾隆皇帝的生母孝圣宪皇后，咸丰帝的嫡妻孝贞显皇后（东宫慈安太后）也都出自钮钴禄氏。
和珅只有两个儿子，其中长子丰绅殷德出生于乾隆四十年（1775年），是和珅与嫡妻冯氏所生，次子则是和珅四十岁时所生，可惜出生下来没多久便夭折了。丰绅殷德的全名叫钮钴禄.丰绅殷德，这个名，还是乾隆皇帝赐名的。
（丰绅殷德影视剧照）
作为乾隆统治中后期的第一大重臣，宠臣，和珅在朝中身兼数十职，深受乾隆帝的器重，乾隆四十年（1775年）正月，乾隆帝老来得女，惇妃为他诞下第十女，也就是乾隆年间最得宠爱的十公主。巧的是，半个月后，和珅的嫡妻冯氏也为他生了一个大胖小子。尽管并无史料记载和珅当时是否已经给自己长子取好了名字，但是可以肯定的是，随着和珅地位的提升，乾隆帝有意与和珅之子结成儿女亲家，并在十几年后亲自把自己最疼爱的十公主许配给和珅长子。
乾隆四十五年（1780年），乾隆帝宣布将十公主指婚给和珅之子，并给这个未来女婿赐名“丰绅殷德”，满语的意思为“福禄兴旺”，可见乾隆帝对这位乘龙快婿也是寄予了美好的期望，将自己最疼爱的十公主嫁给头号宠臣之子，除了加强君臣关系，也是希望爱女能有一个好的归宿。
乾隆帝老来得女，对十公主宠爱的不行，《清史稿·公主表》就记载：“主，高宗少女，素所钟爱，未嫁赐金机轿。”十公主是惇妃所生，非嫡出女，按照清朝皇室制度，庶女只能封为和硕公主，只有皇后所生之女才能封为固伦公主。但乾隆帝实在太喜欢这个女儿了，竟破格晋封十公主为固伦和孝公主，享受皇后嫡出女儿的待遇，位同亲王。另外，乾隆帝还特赐十公主享有乘坐金顶轿的资格，这一份殊荣，更是连其他嫡出公主都不定能享受的到，可见十公主在乾隆帝心中的地位和宠爱程度，要大大高于其他公主。
（固伦和孝公主大婚剧照）
乾隆五十四年（1789年），固伦和孝公主与丰绅殷德大婚，公主出嫁当日，大官手奉如意，拜辞于公主轿前，首席军机大臣阿桂虽以年老，仍跪伏于轿前。对十公主的赏赐，乾隆帝更是毫不吝惜，赏赐公主之器玩槪论其直殆过数百万金，另外特赐还帑银三十万。这场隆重而高级别的皇室婚礼也让和珅出尽了风头，一跃而成为皇室贵戚，和珅的人生也达到了他的最巅峰。
权臣之子与皇帝之女结婚，自然只是一场政治婚姻，但与其他历朝历代大都以失败而告终的政治婚姻不同，固伦和孝公主与丰绅殷德婚后非常恩爱，两人夫唱妇随、琴瑟和鸣。只是这一段看似美满婚姻的背后，却是暗流涌动，危机重重。公主嫁与权臣之子，其命运自然紧紧与夫家联系在一起，但当乾隆帝驾崩，一向与和珅不合的嘉庆帝上台，在乾隆朝炙手可热，权势熏天的和珅好日子也就到头了。随着和珅最后被赐自尽，和府被抄没家财，丰绅殷德与固伦和孝公主的美好生活也就到头了。
（结局悲惨的丰绅殷德）
嘉庆帝实在太恨和珅了，赐其自尽抄其家，原本妹夫丰绅殷德要以父罪连坐，但自己最疼爱的妹妹固伦和孝公主亲自到宫里，哭着向皇兄求情，希望能网开一面，留丈夫一命，看着皇妹梨花带雨的苦求，嘉庆帝动了恻隐之心，削去丰绅殷德一切职务，令居家闲住，家庭上的巨大变故对丰绅殷德的打击很大，此后他性情大变，终日迷恋女色，最后被固伦和孝公主府长史奎福向内务府告状，说额驸丰绅
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بود، چرا که ترس کودک، تسلی ناپذیر خواهد بود. این اختلال اغلب در بین کودکان 3 تا 13 ساله اتفاق میافتد و بیشترین شیوع آن در بین کودکان سنین 3 تا 5 سال است.
همانطور که در مقاله دیگری (اختلالات شایع خواب در کودکان) توضیح داده شده است، خواب انسان از دو مرحله کلی تشکیل شده است؛ خواب با حرکات سریع چشم و خواب با حرکات غیر سریع چشم. اغلب حمله های وحشت خواب در طی مرحله خواب با حرکات سریع چشم رخ می دهد. وحشت خواب نوعی محرومیت از خواب به حساب می آید که شباهت هایی به کابوس دارد، اما جلوه های آن شدیدتر است. اگرچه مشاهده حمله وحشت خواب در کودک برای والدین می تواند نگران کننده به نظر برسید، اما معمولاً این موضوع نشان از مسئله مهمی ندارد و به عنوان یک مشکل پزشکی حاد در نظر گرفته نمی شود.
حملات وحشت خواب تفاوت های خاصی با کابوس های معمولی دارند، ویژگی بارز حملات وحشت خواب گریه های شدید و مکرر و همینطور ترس شدید در خواب، بهمراه دشواری در بیدار کردن کودک است. برعکس کابوس، اغلب کودکانی که حمله وحشت خواب را تجربه کرده اند، صبح روز بعد از آن حمله و محتوای آن چیزی به خاطر نمی آورند. البته باید گفت که پدیده وحشت خواب می تواند برای والدین و خانواده ترسناک باشد.
اختلال وحشت زدگی شبانه در کودکان (علل)
به نظر می رسد وحشت خواب در خانواده ها به صورت ارثی وجود داشته باشد و این در صورتی است که اغلب حمله های خواب دارای علت مشخصی نیستند. اما در بعضی مواقع این حمله ها می توانند بوسیله بعضی عوامل مانند آنچه که در ادامه مطرح می شود، تشدید شوند:
- حوادث تنش زای زندگی
- تب
- محرومیت از خواب
- مصرف داروهایی که بر سیستم اعصاب تاثیر بگذارند
- مصرف اخیر داروهای بیهوشی
- خوابیدن کودک در مکانی جدید
- خستگی در طول روز
- مصرف یک داروی جدید
علائم وحشت خواب
علی رغم دو علامت اصلی گریه های شدید و مکرر و ترس شدید در خواب، بهمراه دشواری در بیدار کردن کودک، این کودکان ممکن است بعضی علائم دیگر را نیز تجربه کنند:
- تاکی کاردی (تپش قلب)
- تاکی پنه (نفس نفس زدن سریع)
- عرق کردن در طی خواب
یه حمله معمولی وحشت خواب تقریباً حدود 90 دقیقه بعد از به خواب رفتن اتفاق میافتد. کودک در تخت می نشیند و جیغ می کشد. شاید به نظر آید که کودک بیدار است، اما اینطور نیست و کودک کاملاً در خواب است. در این حالت کودک کاملاً گیج و سردرگم است و نسبت به هیچ محرکی پاسخ گو نیست، او حتی حضور والدین در اتاق را متوجه نخواهد شد و معمولاً در این شرایط هیچ سخنی نمی گوید. ممکن کودک خود را به اطراف تخت پرت کند و والدین نتوانند او را آرام کنند.
معمولاً هر دوره وحشت خواب حدود 1 تا 2 دقیقه طول می کشد، اما گاهی این حملات می تواند تا 30 دقیقه نیز ادامه داشته باشند. اگر کودک در حین دوره وحشت خواب بیدار شود، شاید تنها قسمت های کوچکی از آن را به یاد بیاورد، به طور معمول، کودکان چیزی از حملات وحشت خواب خود به یاد نمی آورند.
چه زمانی باید به دنبال کمک تخصصی بود؟
یکی از نگرانی های والدین در مورد این اختلال، محرومیت خواب کودک در سال های اولیه زندگی اش است. نزدیک به نیمی از کودکان در طول دوران کودکی خود مبتلا به یک نوع اختلال خواب می شوند که ملاقات با یک متخصص ضرورت می یابد. در طی ملاقات با متخصص (روان پزشک، روان شناس بالینی و یا متخصص اعصاب)، می توان نسبت به بررسی دیگر عواملی که قادرند حملات وحشت خواب را ایجاد کنند، یک ارزیابی کامل انجام داد. اما باید به یاد داشت که این اختلال به ندرت می تواند نشانگر یک مسئله جدی باشد. در بررسی بالینی این اختلال احتمالاً متخصص از شما به عنوان والد می خواهد که کودکتان را برای انجامِ:
- یک نوار مغزی (الکتروانسفالو گرام یا ای ای جی EEG)
- تست پلی سامنوگرافی (مجموعه ای از تست ها برای بررسی تنفس کودک حین خواب)
آماده کنید. در اکثر مواقع انجام تست سی تی اسکن و یا ام آر آی ضرورت ندارد.
درمان اختلال وحشت خواب در کودکان
درمان اختلال وحشت خواب در کودکان با دارو درمانی توسط روانپزشک و بازی درمانی یا قصه درمانی توسط روانشناس کودک تا میزان بسیار زیادی کاهش پیدا می کند. ولی متاسفانه همچنان درمان و پروتوکول دقیقی برایدرمان اختلال وحشت خواب در کودکان وجود ندارد. از دیگر موارد کار شده برای درمان اختلال خواب به آموزش والدین در مورد اختلال وحشت خواب و صحبت در مورد بی خطر بودن این حملات اشاره کرد. در موارد شدید که در آن عملکرد روزانه کودک دچار اختلال شده، بعضی داروها تجویز شده و از آن به عنوان درمان موقت استفاده خواهد شد.
پیشگیری از اختلال وحشت خواب
اگر کودک شما دچار حملات وحشت خواب می شود، میتوانید با بیدار کردن کودک در فواصل زمانی معین از بروز چنین حملاتی جلوگیری کنید.
چند روش برای پیشگیری از اختلال وحشت خواب:
- در ابتدا توجه کنید که معمولاً وحشت خواب در چه زمان های در طی خواب کودک اتفاق میافتد؟ (برای مثال دو ساعت بعد از به خواب رفتن)
- سپس 15 دقیقه قبل از زمان مورد انتظار، کودک را بیدار کرده و او را از تخت بیرون بیاورید و برای 5 دقیقه او را بیدار نگه دارید. برای اینکار می توانید کودک را به دستشویی ببرید تا ادرار کند.
- این الگو را برای یک هفته ادامه دهید.
راهکارهایی برای والدین
اختلال وحشت خواب در اغلب موارد به صورت خود به خود برطرف شده و عمر کوتاهی دارد، برای کوتاه تر کردن دوره این اختلال، میتوانید موارد زیر را در نظر بگیرید:
- اتاق خواب کودک را امن کنید، تا در طی حملات کودک آسیب نبیند.
- از هرگونه عاملی که خواب کودک را پریشان کند پرهیز کنید.
- برای خواب و بیداری کودک یه برنامه منظم تنظیم کنید.
- تلاش کنید تا کودک در طول روز با تنش کمتری روبرو شود.
- مطمئن شوید که کودک شما در طول روز به اندازه کافی استراحت می کند.
- اجازه ندهید که کودک تا دیروقت بیدار بماند.
منبع: kidshealth.org، webmd.com
1. چه چیزی باعث ایجاد وحشت شبانه می شود؟
علت ناشناخته است، اما وحشت شبانه اغلب با تب، کمبود خواب یا دورههای تنش عاطفی، استرس یا درگیری ایجاد میشود. وحشت های شبانه مانند کابوس هستند، با این تفاوت که کابوس ها معمولاً در هنگام خواب با حرکات سریع چشم (REM) رخ می دهند و بیشتر در اوایل صبح رخ می دهند.
2. وحشت شبانه در چه سنی شایع است؟
وحشت های شبانه در کودکان 3 تا 8 ساله بیشتر دیده می شود، در حالی که کابوس می تواند هم کودکان و هم بزرگسالان را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. تفاوت بین وحشت شبانه و کابوس.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Bacteria can be friends and foes—causing infection and disease, but also helping us slim down and even combating acne. Now, a new study reveals that viruses have a dual nature as well. For the first time, researchers have shown that they can help our bodies fight off invading microbes.
"This is a very important story," says Marilyn Roossinck, a viral ecologist at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, who was not involved in the work. "We don't have all that many examples of beneficial viruses."
One of our most important lines of defense against bacterial invaders is mucus. The slimy substance coats the inside of the mouth, nose, eyelids, and digestive tract, to name just a few places, creating a barrier to the outside world.
"Mucus is actually a really cool and complex substance," says Jeremy Barr, a microbiologist at San Diego State University in California and lead author of the new study. Its gel-like consistency is thanks to mucins, large, bottle brush-shaped molecules made of a protein backbone surrounded by strings of sugars. In between the mucins is a soup of nutrients and chemicals adapted to keep germs close, but not too close. Microbes such as bacteria live near the surface of the layer, whereas the mucus at the bottom, near the cells that produced it, is almost sterile.
Mucus is also home to phages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria. They can be found wherever bacteria reside, but Barr and his colleagues noticed that there were even more phages in mucus than in mucus-free areas just millimeters away. The saliva surrounding human gums, for example, had about five phages to every bacterial cell, while the ratio at the mucosal surface of the gum itself was closer to 40 to 1. "That spurred the question," Barr says. "What are these phages doing? Are they protecting the host?"
To find out, Barr and his colleagues grew human lung tissue in the lab. Lungs are one of the body surfaces that is protected by mucus, but the researchers also had a version of the lung cells where the ability to make mucus had been knocked out. When incubated overnight with the bacterium Escherichia coli, about half the cells in each culture died; the mucus made no difference to their survival. But when the researchers added a phage that targets E. coli to the cultures, survival rates skyrocketed for the mucus-producing cells. This disparity shows that phages can kill harmful bacteria, Barr says, but it's not clear whether they help or hurt beneficial bacteria; that may depend on which types of phages are present.
In a related series of experiments, the team found that the phages are studded with antibodylike molecules that grab onto the sugar chains in mucins. This keeps the phages in the mucus, where they have access to bacteria, and suggests that the viruses and the mucus-producing tissue have adapted to be compatible with each other, the team reports online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Mucus-covered surfaces aren't unique to our insides; the slime can be found throughout the animal kingdom. It protects the whole bodies of fish, worms, and corals, for example. Protective phages seem to be equally widespread: Barr and his colleagues found dense populations of phages in every species they sampled. "It's a novel immune system that we think is applicable to all mucosal surfaces, and it's one of the first examples of a direct symbiosis between phages and an animal host," Barr says.
In this study, the researchers chose the phage and the bacterium, but it's possible that the animal host selects specific phages to control specific types of bacteria, such as by outfitting mucins with particular sugars that those phages recognize. The next step, Barr says, is to explore how this symbiosis works in real-life mucosal surfaces of all types, where many different types of phages and bacteria are interacting.
"This is a novel take on the whole microbiome-host relationship," adds Michael McGuckin, a mucosal biologist from Mater Research, a medical research institute in South Brisbane, Australia, who was not involved in the work. The finding, he says, could provide insights into conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We all have an ecosystem of hundreds of bacterial species in our gut, but patients with IBD have a disrupted ecosystem with different dominant species. These diseases, which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, also involve a breakdown in the mucus lining of the gut, he says, and this new study suggests that a failure in phage-based immunity might be the link between those symptoms.
McGuckin is intrigued by the idea that phages may help select the types of bacteria that live inside us. "There's tons of questions around just how this whole system might control microbial populations in the gut, which have increasingly been shown to be important in obesity and diabetes, and all sorts of human conditions."
It may also be possible to design a mucus-compatible phage that could fight infection or alter the body's microbial balance, although that possibility is still very distant. This work, Barr says, "forces us to reevaluate the role of phages. Hopefully this will get people thinking about what they do and how we can use them to help us and combat disease."<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Hanin
Per andare a Jenin e' sempre meglio alzarsi presto, molto presto. L'attesa degli altri passeggeri del service (i taxi collettivi che i palestinesi usano per gli spostamenti) puo' infatti protrarsi anche per diverse ore, come mi e' capitato quest'ultima volta. Sono pochi in questi giorni coloro che si spostano attraverso la West Bank. Per quanto riguarda Gaza, il sud e' praticamente tagliato fuori (ormai e' la regola), con aperture del check point di Abu Holi per un ora al mattino e una la sera. Ieri addirittura era chiuso anche Herez (check point di ingresso a Gaza). Naturalmente la situazione qui cambia di giorno in giorno. Il punto e' che le cose non sembrano cambiare per il meglio, il che, direi, stanca.
La scorsa settimana, ad esempio, Nablus mi era finalmente sembrata, dopo tanto, un posto che riprende a vivere. L'ultima volta che vi avevo passato qualche giorno, a febbraio, il mercato era spettrale. Ci sono andata il 17 aprile, giorno di mobilitazione per i prigionieri politici. C'e' stata una manifestazione molto sentita nel centro della citta' e nella zona del mercato il suk era affollatissimo. Studenti universitari si concedevano dei tiri di ashisha sulla terrazza dell'Hotel Jasmine. Insomma quasi un ritorno alla normalita' . Il giorno dopo Nazeh Darwazeh, giornalista palestinese dell'Associated Press, ha lasciato per le strade di Nablus la sua telecamera, assieme ai suoi 43 anni. Un blindato ha aperto il fuoco centrandolo alla testa.
Questa morte riporta immediatamente il pensiero del ferimento dell'attivista americano Brian Avery avvenuta con le stessa dinamica (fuoco aperto da un blindato) a Jenin il 4 aprile.
Queste azioni si aggiungono a quelle dell'uccisione di Tom Hurndall, 22 anni di Manchester e di Rachel Corrie, 23, Washington DC, USA.
Il messaggio che l'IDF manda agli internazionali ed anche a chi fa con coraggio il proprio mestiere e' chiaro e non ha bisogno di commenti.
Il numero dei civili palestinesi uccisi nello stesso periodo di tempo e' ben piu' elevato. In questa conta dei morti e dei feriti il totale e' sempre uguale all'orrore dell'occupazione militare di Israele.
A Jenin sono tornata per continuare a monitorare la situazione di alcuni villaggi della zona dove e' in costruzione the defensive fence, secondo la definizione israeliana e the Aparthaid Wall, secondo quella, direi piu' appropriata, dei palestinesi. Ormai le zone del muro le ho visitate un po' tutte: Jenin, Qualquilia, Tulkarem, Betlemme (compresi i villaggi circostanti), Abu Dhis (Gerusalemme), dove il muro e' diverso da quello che si vede nel resto della West Bank ed anche quello che e' stato costruito a Rafah, alto 10 mt, che, pur non facendo propriamente parte processo di bantustizzazione della West Bank, e' stato inserito lo stesso in alcuni report del Comitato Centrale per la campagna contro il muro, perche' le conseguenze dell'innalzamento di questa barriera significano anche qui distruzione totale di tutto quello che c'e' nell'area, ovvero la vita degli abitanti di Rafah, le loro case, le loro, gia' inesistenti, attivita' economiche.
Le storie in cui ci si imbatte, pur nella diversita' e nella complessita' dei singoli contesti, hanno uno stesso filo conduttore: villaggi una volta tra i piu' prosperi ridotti alla stregua di campi profughi; attivita' economiche trasfrontaliere di commercio azzerate, rapina delle sorgenti e dei pozzi, paura per la possibilita' di deportazione di abitanti di alcune zone, il cosiddetto transfer. Il villaggio che ho visitato ieri e' Hanin, dove mi ha accolto Ibrahim Yassin, detto Abu George, che mi ha accompagnato, assieme al Dr.Omar del Medical Relief (struttura che rientra tra le NGO che fanno patre del comitato contro la costruzione muro), in giro per la zona.
Dal '48 ad oggi questo villaggio ha perso il 75% dell'estensione originaria. La fetta di territorio piu' grossa e' stata sottratta con la costruzione del muro (50%). La confisca della terra qui come in molti altri villaggi, significa sopratutto sradicamento di ulivi secolari. Oltre al danno ambientale ed economico, che va ad aggiungersi alla conseguenza primaria, l'annientamento della vita delle persone, c'e' da aggiungere che le zone interessate dalla costruzione del muro sono sottoposte ad estenuanti chiusure e coprifuochi. Ad Hanin, dove la costruzione del fence (qui a nord non c'e' il muro di 8 mt come a ovest, ma un altro tipo di barriera) e' cominciata nel luglio 2002, e' diventato impossibile usufruire delle strutture sanitarie
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soft boots of leather reaching to the calf, and a mask. The mask, constructed by a craftsman from linen, portrayed with realistic features the face and head of a young woman. The audience may have surmised that one of them is Antigone, since they knew the title of the play.
11. Antigone's name means "Against the Family." "Against" carries both the sense of "close to" and "opposed to." When Antigone first speaks she is yet without a name but her language stresses closeness. She addresses her sister with a hyperbole whose overstatement of filial closeness is further enhanced by her use of the dual number. Beside the singular and plural, Greek has a set of inflections for expressing pairs, most often, common pairs like two oxen or two eyes. Antigone encloses Ismene with language that makes them such a natural pair, and Ismene acknowledges this with dual forms of her own.
12. The daggers indicate that Greek text is corrupt and cannot be reconstructed. Translation of daggered words is approximate.
13. Antigone introduces military imagery with her first words. The generalship was an elected office among the Athenians and had both military and political importance. At the time of the Antigone, it was the office held by, among others, Pericles. For the imagery of Antigone, see Robert F. Goheen, The Imagery of Sophocles' Antigone: A Study of Poetic Language (Princeton 1951).
14. The Greek has also been translated as "in the present night." This version places the action of the prologue during the night when the Argives were retreating.
15. Dramatic action depends upon two pieces of information. Antigone says: "I kept fetching" or "I kept calling" Ismene (19) as opposed to "I called" her. Secondly, unlike Ismene who has been in the house (8-9), Antigone knows what has happened in the city. Although how she learned of Creon's decree is left unsaid, the difference is not incidental. The theater of Dionysus had no curtain to open and show Antigone before the house. Antigone and Ismene either enter together from the house or Antigone comes in silently by one of the gangways, that is, the path to and from city, calls out to the house, and Ismene enters from the house. In the first instance, Antigone's roaming in the city is left to dialogue; in the second, it is represented visually before the audience.
16. "Deeply blue" attempts the two connotations of the Greek: the color purple, and a disturbance of the sea or mind.
17. Taphos (tomb) also designates "funeral rites," "funeral feast," and "the act of performing funeral rites." All of these meanings are present, with "tomb" being foremost because of the idea of "covering."
18. After Oedipus' death, Eteocles and Polyneices agree that they will each rule Thebes as its king in alternate years. During his time in exile, Polyneices marries Argeia, daughter of Adrastus, king of Argos. When after a year Eteocles refused to abdicate, Adrastus and Polyneices lead an army of Argives against Thebes. The brothers meet at the seventh of Thebes' seven gates, Polyneices on the outside and Eteocles on the inside of the city; they slay one another. For the myths of the house of Laius, Oedipus, Eteocles, and Polyneices, see Apollodorus, The Library 3.5.7-6.8, in Michael Simpson, Gods and Heroes of the Greeks: The Library of Apollodorus (Amherst 1976) 143-48.
19. Public stoning, carried out by all the people, was an execution reserved for transgressions that injured the whole community. As such, it could not be murder.
20. "Noble birth" and "base born from good stock" are concepts that assert male values of ethical and moral superiority based on birth.
21. Ismene replies with an image from women's art of weaving, for which, see Eva C. Keuls, "Attic Vase-Painting and the Home Textile Industry," in Ancient Greek Art and Iconography, ed. by Warren G. Moon (Madison, WI 1983) 209-30. Ismene's question initiates the first stichomythia of the play. Stichomythia is an exchange between two actors of swiftly spoken, emotionally charged single lines that in tragedy often constitutes a contest for supremacy.
22. Antigone's military image uses the common words for being captured and for handing a city or allies over to the enemy.
23. At this point, Antigone and Ismene no longer speak to one another in the dual.
24. The military image evokes the land warfare of the day, essentially a pitched battle fought by men, called hoplites after their shield (hoplon) at close quarters on level ground in a single melee. For hoplite warfare, see Victor Davis Hanson, The Western Way of War: Infantry Battle in Classical Greece (Oxford 1989).
25. The usual
translation her words, "having criminally done holy things," implies criticism
of Antigone's decision to perform rites for Polyneices. Antigone's language allows
two meanings: first, that she will do every thing holy and secondly that she will do holy
things in a criminal way.
Antigone must the mean the first, since she cannot be criticizing her own action, but Sophocles allows the audience to hear both meanings simultaneously.
26. Antigone proposes to conduct a cremation burial of the sort provided Elpenor:
A pit is dug as deep as six feet, and its bottom furrowed with channels for ventilation. Combustible material is placed into the pit, and bier is laid on top upon which rest the corpse. After the fire reduced the body to dust, a large mound of earth is heaped over the pit and the offering ditches. See figure.
27. The image intimates that the sisters are now navigating the ship of their fortunes on different voyages.
28. Antigone implies that she will be dead.
29. For the choristers as young men, see John J. Winkler, "The Ephebes' Song: TragŰidia and Polis" in Nothing to Do with Dionysus? ed. by John J. Winkler and Froma I. Zeitlin (Princeton 1990) 20-62.
30. The river Dirce was on the west side of Thebes.
31. Helios is imagined as the driver of his four-horse sun chariot in pursuit of the fleeing Argives. The image of light shining off the horses' bridles is uncertain.
32. "Quarrels" (neikeŰn) plays on the name Polyneices (He of Much Strife or Many Quarrels).
33. The "eagle" with "snow white wings" represents the Argives as the "dragon," the Thebans. Warriors are commonly compared to animals in Homer, while similes of birds embellish the attacks of his warriors.
34. One Argive used by synecdoche for all the Argives, the "them" of line 128.
35. Hephaestus, god of fire, is synonymous with his element, but other associations may be present. Hephaestus made Harmonia a necklace for her wedding with Cadmus (Apollodorus, The Library 3.4.2). Polyneices obtains the necklace and, with it, bribes Amphiareus' wife Eriphyle to persuade her husband to join the expedition against Thebes. Amphiareus refused Adrastus since, being a seer, he foresaw that all except Adrastus would perish.
36. Ares, divine embodiment of the berserker spirit of war, is the father of the dragon that Cadmus slew in the foundation myth of Thebes. Cadmus sowed the beast's teeth in the ground, and there sprung up armed men. These fell to slaying one another, and the five remaining Spartoi (Sown Men) became the ancestors of the Theban nobility. Cadmus atoned for the dragon's slaughter by serving Ares for eight years (Apollodorus, The Library 3.4.1-2). Sophocles uses dragon metaphorically for Thebans.
37. The man is usually identified as Capaneus, one of the seven leaders of the Argive king Adrastos' army, who had sworn an oath to lay waste Thebes with or without the consent of the gods (Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 423-31; Euripides, Phoenician Women 1172-86 and Suppliant Women 496-99).
38. The finishing lines referred to here are ropes or groves in a stone slab that mark the line where the runners line up evenly at the beginning of a race and to which they return.
39. The elders describe the man as a reveler enthused by the god Bacchus, that is, Dionysus. Sophocles may be using the stem bakch- to denote madness but a secondary reference to Dionysus seems unavoidable. Bacchus is a name, perhaps Lydian in origin, for Dionysus, and so his female worshipers who were aroused by the god to an ecstatic state, were called Bacchae (female Bacchuses) and Maenads (woman maddened with Dionysus).
40. In a four-horse racing team, the outer horses drew by ropes (traces), while the inner ones were harnessed to the yoke or collar. The chariot went down the right side of the course, turned around a post, and came back on the left. In the turn, the driver spurred the outer or right horse, at the same time slackening its reins. He then left it to the horse to resist centrifugal forces and pull the chariot around through the turn. See Homer, Iliad 23.334-43 for a description. The horse became a byword for a trusty helper in a time of need.
41. "Zeus Turner" is the god in his capacity as the maker of a "turning." When one side or part of a side in the clash of lines could no longer withstand the pressure of the pushing, it could weakened and collapse into rout--the moment of "turning."
42. A word meaning "ruler" is commonly inserted in the lacuna.
43. The Coryphaeus' verb derives from the same verb as the prothesis, the "laying forth" or wake, thus alluding to the Creon's denial of this ritual for Polyneices.
44. That is, the grandsons of Laius and sons of Oedipus, Eteocles and Polyneices.
45. By the fourth century, nearness of kin (anchisteia) had been defined by law to children of first cousins. W.K. Lacey (The Family in Classical Greece [London 1968] 28-29) describes this kinship group as "the group which was entitled, in due order, to succeed to vacant estates, and had legal duties and responsibilities in case of death within the group, especially if it was death by violence; the anchisteia was obliged to bury its own dead, and to seek vengeance, or at least purification, for the violent death of any of its members."
46. The Greek denotes a living body, not a corpse.
47. The Greek also denotes "custom." Since Creon has been making "laws" (177; 449), "law" would be what he would have heard, but "custom" is always present. "To use every custom" expresses a very different sentiment, one the Coryphaeus implies, it seems, by his qualifying "I suppose."
48. The Greek implies a "protector" or "guardian" for the corpse as well as watchmen to be "lookouts" for anyone who invades the domain he has asserted over Polyneices' corpse.
49. The reader must await the Watchman's words, but the spectator can see that the man stops often and turns around as if to leave, only to resume his progress toward the house.
50. The manuscripts have a verb that means "you take aim," a military image like that of the following verb. We have adopted an emendation that maintains the imagery but leads more smoothly into the second verb. The Watchman, as it were, returns to ranks and surrounds himself with defenders.
51. With the participle sÍmanŰn (to announce), Sophocles keeps the sound of the absence sÍma (marker by with a grave, a mound) upon the ears of those in the audience. We have tried to indicate the presence of a word with the root sÍm- by the English "mark."
52. Also: "skin" or "body."
53. The Greek pausai combines the explosive sound of the first syllable, "pow!" with the hissing sibilants of the second, "ssssssai," a far more violent sound than the English "stop." The effect surely was intensified by the Greek aversion to the sound of "s."
54. The Greek denotes both an established usage or custom and the current coin, that is, money.
55. Hades is used for both the god and the place.
56. Creon threatens the watchmen with being hung from a pole and left to die.
57. The Watchman's beeline for the gangway and the refuge in the countryside away from Creon visualizes his resolve. Thus the scene begins and ends on the spectacle of a single figure traversing the cavea of the audience.
58. That is, mules "who are better than oxen for dragging the jointed plow through the deep fallow (Homer, Iliad 10.352-53).
59. Namely, the wild goat.
60. In a mirroring effect, Sophocles has this scene reflect or draw the audience back to the earlier one involving the watchman. . In this way, he could use the similarities, both visually and verbally, to highlight the differences between the scenes. For mirroring scenes, see Taplin (above, note 5) 122-39.
61. "Heaven" is the seat of the gods. Also possible is "a pain reaching to heaven." The Greek does not suggest "heavenly" in the sense of "delightful" or "beatific."
62. Certainty is thwarted by syntactical ambiguity that allows at least a second reading: "an orphaned bed of nestlings' empty bedding."
63. The clause may also be translated: "when she sees a corpse bare," because it is not certain whether the adjective is attributive or predicate. The former indicates that the body is bare, while the latter implies that it was covered and has been laid bare.
64. We have changed our usual translation of the Greek verb from "do" to "act" in order to be able to mimic the absence of a direct object and so maintain the ambiguity of the original. Also in line 483.
65. Zeus Herkeios (Zeus of the Fence) protected the boundary of every Greek household and the possessions enclosed within. His altar stood in the courtyard where the master of the house (kyrios) conducted sacrifice and the "rite of sprinkling" of family, slaves and guests with water, a ritual binding those present to one another. Creon may be imagined as having conducted this rite with Antigone and Ismene many times.
66. Cadmus is the founder of Thebes, and so Thebans are also called Cadmeians.
67. The image is that of a dog putting its tail between its legs in fear.
68. Antigone's word is nomos. See above, note 47.
69. A common but mistaken translation is: "My nature is to join in love, not hate."
70. Ismene is surrounded by female slaves, companions of the women's quarters. They are not mentioned in the script, but when Creon orders Antigone and Ismene to be led inside the house, he addresses female slaves (578), so they must have escorted her outside.
71. Antigone's language allows two meanings: Ismene is an advocate for the living Creon and a mourner for the dead Creon. In each case she gives Creon her voice in aid.
72. Ismene returns for the last time to the dual number, implying that Antigone and she are once again an inseparable pair.
73. That is, Antigone, bride of Haemon whose name is formed from the root haim- (blood).
74. The verb translated "fit" denotes both "joining together" and "arranging a marriage."
75. When Creon asserts his mastery over the house of Labdacus, he assumes its history, and the house itself becomes a silent player in the drama.
76. Storms blowing from Thrace were in the northern Aegean. Athenians perhaps associated the stroms with the primitive and warlike peoples that inhabited Thrace.
77. Labdacus' sons are Laius and his son Oedipus. The assonance of p and n substitutes for that of the Greek in pi and mu.
78. Many editors accept the emendation of "knife" for "dust" of the manuscripts.
79. An Erinys is a divine being who avenges serious wrongs, including murder and perjury. She enforces the order of nature, may embody a curse, and brings mental blindness and ruin upon the perpetrator of wrongdoing or a descendant.
80. The archaism imitates Sophocles' use of a word from epic that is does not occur elsewhere in extant tragedy.
81. The actor playing Haemon must also be playing either Antigone or Ismene. If Antigone, the similarity of voice marks the harmony Ismene claimed for her and Haemon, while the voice of the Ismene actor would bring back the voice that defended Haemon to appeal to Creon in the person of Haemon himself. The actor wears the unbearded mask of a youth of some eighteen years. By contrast, Creon wears the bearded mask of the mature man.
82. Sophocles' language allows Creon to receive what Haemon says differently as a declaration of his loyalty to his father: "You guide things aright, since you have good judgments that I will follow."
83. Zeus of the Fence (above, note 65) oversees the sacredness of kin-blood and so may be referred to in this capacity as Zeus of Kin Blood.
84. Creon alludes to the oath of allegiance that every citizen ephebe took, which affirmed in part: "I will not desert the "stand-beside" whomever I may stand beside." In a formation of hoplites, the safety of all depended upon the cohesion of the line of men and shields. The straps on the hoplite's shield were so arranged that half of the
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A Dressen è stata diagnosticata una lesione da vaccino dai ricercatori dei National Institutes of Health statunitensi dopo la sua partecipazione alla sperimentazione del vaccino COVID-19 di AstraZeneca.
“È molto evidente che il governo federale è stato coinvolto nel soffocamento della libertà di parola degli americani”, ha dichiarato Dressen a The Epoch Times.
“Il governo sostiene di sopprimere la cosiddetta disinformazione per il bene della sicurezza e del benessere pubblico. Il governo ritiene che gli americani non possano fidarsi delle proprie menti e che debbano essere protetti a tutti i costi dalla disinformazione e dalla malinformazione, che è qualsiasi cosa il governo ritenga che sia. Fortunatamente, il Primo Emendamento dice il contrario: il governo non può censurare i nostri clienti né indurre altri a farlo”, ha aggiunto in un comunicato Casey Norman, avvocato della New Civil Liberties Alliance, che rappresenta i querelanti.
I querelanti chiedono una sentenza che dichiari che gli imputati hanno violato il Primo Emendamento della Costituzione degli Stati Uniti e un’ingiunzione che impedisca a Biden e agli altri imputati, nonché alle persone che agiscono di concerto con loro, di continuare. Sperano anche che la causa porti allo sviluppo di nuove regole.
“Spero che questo contribuisca a mettere in atto delle regole ragionevoli per il futuro”, ha detto Dressen, “in modo che questo non accada mai più”.
Zachary Stieber
Roman Balmakov ha contribuito a questo servizio.
Le opinioni espresse in questo articolo sono dell’autore e non riflettono necessariamente le opinioni del responsabile di questo blog. Sono ben accolti la discussione qualificata e il dibattito amichevole.
Sostieni il Blog di Sabino Paciolla
Scrivi un commento<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Japanese Garden is a miniature world with mountains, forests, lakes and oceans
It is named Sui Ou Tei, a reflection of the national flowers of Japan and Wales – the cherry tree and daffodil.
The Real Japanese Garden was brought here piece by piece from the Chelsea 2001 Flower Show where it won a gold medal and the prestigious ‘Best of Show’ Award. It consists of three traditional Japanese gardens – the Stream and Lake Garden, the Gravel Garden and the Tea Garden. Filled with symbolism and guided by Zen philosophy, this is a lovely place to sit and contemplate.
The Garden was designed by Professor Masao Fukuhara, a lecturer in design at Osaka University
The Professor and his team came to Wales to supervise the installation of the Japanese Garden alongside Wolfgang Bopp and his team of horticulturists and volunteers. It can be seen alongside the southern wall of the Double Walled Garden.
In building the Real Japanese Garden, Professor Fukuhara hand-picked the natural materials he needed to recreate scaled-down Japanese scenery and areas of peace and harmony within the 568-acre Garden of Wales.
The Professor listened to the “voice” of each stone and placed it precisely within the design according to its character and sexuality. Each element of the Garden is symbolic – an area of white gravel stones represents the sea, larger stones are small islands and waterfalls.
The Water Feature is an encapsulation of a Japanese landscape representing mountains, mountain stream and lake. The Tea House or ‘lori’ is also an important component.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Beer is an alcoholic beverage produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. However, we can arrive at a much simpler view if we look at what it’s made of.. at the essence of the ingredients.
Reinheitsgebot – The German (or Bavarian) Beer Purity Law of 1487 dictated that beer could only contain water, malted barley, and hops. The yeast that produced fermentation was implied and either taken from sediments of a previous batch or allowed to find the raw wort through natural airborne transmission.
Today we have an incredible variety of beer. The rules regarding ingredients have been relaxed to allow other grains and adjunct ingredients such as fruit, and finings such as Irish moss and gypsum. But at it’s core it’s still just water, malted grain, hops and yeast. Simple.
I like to keep this type of simplicity in mind when I’m contemplating the question of who I am. Whether it’s to answer my own query or someone else’s. It’s the KISS principle in action. One that I violate regularly. I’ll grab an idea, thought or concept, follow it to an absurd and extreme level of detail, then realize what I’ve done and back out, finally arriving at simplicity.
Maybe it’s not so strange. I’ve spent the last 26 years of my career engaged in the art of technical troubleshooting. The process has always been a natural one for me, although I realize it’s not so natural for many others. It’s the Sherlock Holmes method in practice.
When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.
Eliminate what can’t be causing the problem. Eventually you’re left with few enough alternatives the solution will emerge.
Perhaps that’s the best way to tackle the big question too. Eliminate the impossible. I’ll start by determining who I am not and hope that once enough layers of that onion have been peeled away, what I’ll be left with is who I am.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>酸汤及酸味食品历来是苗族人民的传统风味菜肴，而酸汤所煮的鱼即酸汤鱼更堪称酸味食品的佼佼者。
凯里酸汤：
据科学检测：酸汤含多种维生素，有8种人体必需的氨基酸和丰富的蛋白质，具有止渴生津，开胃健脾的功能。
黔东南自治州有句名言叫“三天不吃酸，走路打捞蹿（音lào cuān，方言，意为走路不稳，东偏西倒）”。酸汤类菜肴，在黔东南自治州各县市、各民族都很盛行，尤以凯里市区最为典型，故外界统称为凯里酸汤鱼。其实，做酸汤火锅的酸汤，分苗族白酸汤和侗族红酸汤两类。现已发展成为酸汤系列饮食（如酸汤鸡、酸汤鸭、酸汤狗肉、酸汤羊肉、酸汤牛杂、酸汤大鱼头、酸汤猪脚、酸汤大肠、酸汤排骨、酸汤螺蛳等）。
苗族白酸汤一般是用米汤或淘米水加无叶蔬菜存于水桶、竹筒、瓷缸或坛内放置在火塘边，每天煮饭时把米汤或淘米水放入其中，以后便自然发酵而成。
苗族传统制作酸汤鱼的方法是先舀适量的酸汤放入锅内煮开，将放有花椒的清水缸中的鲤鱼（因有花椒味能使鱼尽快把肚腹脏物吐尽），用大拇指卡住鱼腮处，持刀往鱼右腮与鱼身连接处横割一刀（约断半边），然后两手一掰，将食指伸进鱼腹中取出苦胆、肠杂等，即放入滚开的酸汤中。鱼入锅时蹦跳几下，张嘴将酸汤吸入腹部，输至全身各部位。待鱼煮熟时，放入适量的油盐、辣椒、生姜、木姜花或木姜籽、葱蒜、鱼香菜等佐料再煮片刻即可上桌食用，其汤鲜肉嫩，非常可口，若将酸汤鱼蘸着特制的辣椒水食用，食味更佳。
侗族红酸汤与苗族白酸汤的制作不同，酸汤以山地番茄、红辣椒为主，佐以花椒、木姜籽、薄荷叶等多种配料配制而成，盛于土坛瓦罐中待用。传统烹制侗族酸汤鱼是以农历十月开田摘禾时的田鲤鱼为最佳。在烹调酸汤鱼时，还要放木姜籽、鱼蓼、大蒜、腊当(侗语译音，汉称鱼香菜)等香料调味。在香料中，以木姜最为讲究，俗话说“没有木姜就没有侗家酸汤鱼”。吃酸汤鱼时，还可用豆腐、韭菜、广菜和野生亮广菜、毛毛菜、阴蔸草(水下土生)等作配菜，浓香四溢，味道独特。 现时多用火锅烹食酸汤鱼，除采用田鲤鱼外，若用清水江、都柳江野生鱼则更具特色。凯里快活林餐馆、侗寨楼餐馆、麻江下司、黄平重安江、剑河展架及黎、榕、从三县等地，均是品尝酸汤鱼的极佳处所。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>S. aureus is transferred through the skin via injection, even after cleaning
New research in Scientific Reports shows that standard disinfection procedures may not be enough to prevent S. aureus contamination with injection.
- Skin colonised by S. aureus contaminates needles upon injection
- Standard antimicrobial preparations do not prevent transfer of S. aureus
- Other factors such as the type of injection and the needle diameter also affect contamination
Researchers from Maryland in the US have raised some important questions about how we perform injections in hospitals. From a series of experiments using porcine skin and a synthetic skin made of silicone, the authors claim that standard disinfection methods may not be enough to prevent contamination of injection sites in the hospital. The researchers recommend that longer contact times with standard antimicrobials may be enough to prevent contamination by S. aureus. They also showed that thicker needles and deeper injections increase the risk of contamination which could give medical staff new parameters for monitoring patients.
While surgical site preparation has been extensively studied, there is little information about resistance of skin microbiota in the biofilm form to antimicrobial decontamination, and there are no quantitative models to study how biofilm might be transferred into sterile tissue/implant materials during injections for joint spine and tendon, aspiration biopsies and dermal fillers (DF). In this work, we develop two in vitro models to simulate the process of skin preparation and DF injection using pig skin and SimSkin (silicone) materials, respectively. Using the pig skin model, we tested three of the most common skin preparation wipes (alcohol, chlorhexidine and povidone iodine) and found that during wiping they reduced the biofilm bacterial burden of S. aureus (CFU cm−2) by three logs with no statistically significant differences between wipes. Using the SimSkin model, we found that transfer of viable bacteria increased with needle diameter for 30G, 25G and 18G needles. Transfer incidence decreased as injection depth was increased from 1 mm to 3 mm. Serial puncture and linear threading injection styles had similar transfer incidence, whereas fanning significantly increased transfer incidence. The results show that contamination of DF during injection is a risk that can be reduced by modifying skin prep and injection practices.
Injections through skin colonized with Staphylococcus aureus biofilm introduce contamination despite standard antimicrobial preparation procedures. Yi Wang, Valery Leng, Viraj Patel & K. Scott Phillips.
Scientific Reports 7, Article number: 45070 (2017). doi:10.1038/srep45070<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>11 Oct 2012, BioSpectrum Bureau , BioSpectrum
Singapore: A new research conducted by Dr Angela Wahl and her colleagues at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has highlighted that breast milk is a potent HIV-fighter.
Dr Wahl and her team created mice with human bone marrow, liver and thymus tissues that all became infected with HIV if the mice were given an oral dose of the virus. However, if the rodents were fed breast milk containing HIV, the virus wasn't transmitted. An unknown component of breast milk appears to kill HIV particles and virus-infected cells, as well as blocking HIV transmission in mice with a human immune system.
This infection data is true even in the case of human babies. Infants born to HIV-positive mothers avoid infection during birth and around 15 percent contract HIV in early childhood.
Earlier research has hinted that breast milk might have antiviral properties, but it was unclear if it would prevent HIV transmission. "We have shown that milk has an intrinsic innate ability to kill HIV," said Dr J Victor Garcia, who supervised the work.
The hunt is now on for the mysterious ingredient in breast milk that inhibits the virus. If it can be identified, it might even be used to prevent other forms of HIV transmission, such as sexual transmission.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Amerikan Havacılık ve Uzay Dairesi'nin (NASA) Başkanı Bill Nelson, şu sıralar UFO'lara ve dünya dışı yaşama yönelik dikkat çeken açıklamaları ile gündemde. Aynı zamanda eski bir astronot olan 78 yaşındaki Nelson, dünya dışı hakkında verdiği demeçlerle sürekli merak uyandırıyor. NASA Başkanı'nın son verdiği demeçler de oldukça çarpıcı.
Bill Nelson, salı günü verdiği bir röportajda, yaşamın Dünya dışında evrenin başka yerlerinde de var olabileceğini söyledi ve NASA'nın aktif olarak işaretler aradığını belirtti. Nelson, "Eğer 13,5 milyar yıllık çok büyük bir evrene sahipseniz, başka bir Güneş'e ve bizimki gibi bir atmosfere sahip başka bir gezegen için başka bir şans var mı diye soruyorsanız; evet derim. Bu yüzden uzaydan akıllı bir yaşam olduğuna dair bazı göstergeler alacağımızı düşünüyorum.” ifadelerini kullandı.
Nelson, NASA’nın yıllardır akıllı yaşam arayışına dahil olduğunu söyledi ve ajansın Güneş sistemimizdeki gezegenlerde ve kozmosun başka yerlerinde yaşam aradığını kaydetti.
Bill Nelson, ikinci demeciyle ise UFO'ların gerçek olup olmadığı yönündeki tartışmaları tekrar gündeme getirdi.
NASA Başkanı, "Yalnız mıyız? Şahsen, öyle olduğumuzu düşünmüyorum" dedi ve ABD Savunma Bakanlığı'nın (Pentagon) geçtiğimiz haftalarda yayımladığı UFO raporunun gizli bir versiyonunu okuduğunu ve evrende yalnız olmadığımızı hissettiğini söyledi.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Zygocactus truncatus, Epiphyllum truncatus or Schlumbergera truncatus commonly known as Christmas cactus is originated from Brazil and it is part of the Cactuses family harboring plants familiar in desert areas and in American jungle where they grow hanging from tree branches.
It does not have thorns like a usual cactus but has curved branches in vivid green.
It grows to about 30-50 cm and hangs over the pot. It likes shade in the summer and a lot of humidity in the air.
It is usually planted in spring after the bloom has faded, using soil with high granulation and if possible a combination of garden soil, sand, coal and brick shreds because the plant is used to a bed rich in phosphates and potassium salts.
It likes large spaces with around 10 degrees constant temperature especially in the winter. It is better to use rain water for the plant’s watering or if it is not possible, water for every 2 days old tap water. In summer, the plant enjoys the showers.
As the temperature drops the plant starts to produce buds and flowers. From this moment on it must not be moved because it will lose the flowers. The flowers are red, pink, white or violet and stay on for almost a week.
When bearing flowers, the Christmas cactus looks amazing and can be compared with a real jewel for any home it is living in.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>مسئول فروکش کردن خشم مردم محلی و افرادی که گاه و بیگاه بر سر منابع آب به اختلاف بر می خورند، کیست؟ وقتی جا به جایی تنها چند دقیقه در دسترسی به آب کشاورزی زمینه ساز وقوع قتل می شود، چه افقی برای بحران آب می توان متصور شد؟ بر این اساس مدیران ارشد ملی و استانی چگونه می خواهند در سال های پیش رو بحران های آبی بسیار بزرگ تری که کشور با آنها دست به گریبان است را مدیریت کنند؟
فراتر از رخداد ارزشمندی که سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست و آموزش و پرورش رقم زدند، از خانواده ای که پس از بازگشت از تفریح در یک محوطه فضای سبز زباله هایشان را در طبیعت رها می کنند، تا مدیران ارشد ملی که در پروژه های غول پیکر خود هیچ ارزشی به مصالح محیط زیست قائل نیستند، همه را باید نسبت به رفتار صحیح با محیط زیست حساس کرد؛ تلاش هایی که اگر فراگیر نباشد، خسارات زیانبار آن در آینده جز افسوس و پشیمانی نتیجه دیگری نخواهد داشت.
تأملی در سخنان ریاستجمهوری پیش از معرفی کابینه جدید؛
مجلس شورای اسلامی درگیر بررسی صلاحیت وزرای پیشنهادی برای کابینه دوازدهم بوده و فرایند اخذ رأی اعتماد برای وزاری پیشنهادی در جریان است؛ فرایندی که از روز سه شنبه و با سخنان رئیس جمهور کشور آغاز شد و احتمالاً تا اوایل هفته آینده ادامه خواهد داشت. سخنان آغازین رئیس جمهور و حال و هوای کلی این جلسات، نشان می دهد، در حالی که کشورمان با انبوه مشکلات اجتماعی، اقتصادی و حتی فرهنگی روبه روست، مسئولان کشورمان تنها فکر خود را معطوف به رتق و فتق مسائل سیاست خارجی کردهاند.
مدیریت منابع و مصارف آب ایران تحت تأثیر مجموعه ای از آزمون و خطاها ـ که در دهه های گذشته در این حوزه رخ داد ـ نه تنها حال و روز خوبی ندارد، بلکه اگر شرایط بر همین منوال ادامه یابد، افق روشنی نیز برای آن نمی توان متصور شد؛ شرایطی که بخش عمده ای از آن حاصل مدیریت نامنسجم و محلی منابع آب است و باید امیدوار بود،
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share was a minor one, but because of a fluent pen, a free speech and a certain adroitness of brain, I took upon myself, as I describe it, a mock primacy’.
I would suggest that his knowledge and empathy with the Bedouin, combined with his undoubted intellect were significant factors in the success of the desert campaign. Lawrence responded to the culture and the reality that this would not be a war of pitched battles, but a guerrilla campaign. ‘Ours should be a war of detachment. We were to contain the enemy by the silent threat of a vast unknown desert’. As a distinguished historian he would know that the history of guerrilla warfare is as old as war itself but for the practice of guerrilla warfare with modern weapons had only to look at the recent experience of the Boers and the Irish.
With the use of good intelligence, he learnt to attack the Turks with small groups when the enemy could be taken by surprise, and avoiding engaging in any sustained combat. The Damascus to Medina Railway was an essential part of the supply chain for the Turkish Army which as a result of guerrilla actions became largely inoperable. A few carefully sited machine guns and Stokes mortars could destroy a train. Such was the ambush at Hallat Ammar,where those Turkish soldiers that were not killed in the initial attacks or managed to escape were soon killed by Arab looters who took everything they could from the shattered carriages.
The capture of Aqaba on July 1916 was a considerable achievement, but was probably not fully sanctioned by British authorities in Cairo. The attack required a 600 mile journey across the desert. It took eight weeks, and everything they needed had to be carried in their camel saddle bags. There was an attempt to negotiate a surrender but when this failed the strategically important town was captured following a dramatic camel charge on the Turkish Garrison.
Lawrence described a meeting with a German prisoner which is informative. Firstly it confirms that here as elsewhere the Germans were providing a whole range of support for the Turkish Army. This prisoner was an engineer building a well and although unfinished he was able to draw’ enough clear water to drench our thirsts’. Lawrence described the 42 Turkish Officer prisoners as ‘an intolerable nuisance’. He writes ‘they were disgusted to learn how ill provided we were’.
The town itself had been reduced to rubble by French and British Naval shelling but its capture was a great psychological victory for the Arab cause. Lawrence however from this time seems to have fallen into line with Allenby’s plans. He continued with Feisal guerrilla actions against the Turks and did take part in the victory parade in Jerusalem on 11th December 1917. By the time Allied forces reached Damascus in October 1918, Lawrence was understandably physically and emotionally exhausted having pushed himself to near breaking point. It was also clear to Lawrence that the British would not fulfil the promises made in 1915 and would support their French allies before they would help the Arabs.
Demoralized and disillusioned, Lawrence sought and was allowed to resign his position and return to England. As a young man he had loved the ‘Arthurian Legends’, and perhaps in some people’s eyes he had dreamt of a ‘Camelot with Camels’. This was not to be and the Colonial powers reverted to their lines drawn in the sand.
On his return to London, King George Vth summoned Lawrence to Buckingham Palace on 30TH October 1918. He was to receive a Knighthood and his DSO, not the private audience he had hoped for. Lawrence, believing the Arabs had been betrayed by the British Government, politely declined the honours.
T E Lawrence’s fame came as the result of the American War Correspondent Lowell Thomas who, in 1919 launched a lecture tour recounting Lawrence’s exploits in the desert with photographs and film. The British public were presented with a war hero ‘Lawrence of Arabia’.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom by T E Lawrence<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>They have all sorts of stories. Some have lived their whole lives with disabilities; some were in accidents that led to their disabilities. One thing they all have in common, however, is the potential to stand atop a podium and have a gold medal placed around their necks.
These are the Paralympians. Less well-known, perhaps, than those who compete in the Olympic games of the able-bodied, but just as courageous and dedicated to perfecting their physical performance as any of those athletes. But some can’t do it without a little nonbiological assistance, so we’re going to look closer at some of the prosthetic equipment they use. First, though, a history of the movement.
Athletic events for people with physical impairments have been hosted for more than a century, but on a smaller scale, unlike the Paralympics that occur today. Following World War II, huge numbers of veterans returned to their homes with grievous injuries. Beginning in England, Dr. Ludwig Guttmann started using sport as a means of rehabilitation. From there, athletics for the disabled grew to be a recreational activity, and, eventually, evolved into what we traditionally think of as competitive sport.
From the small competition Guttmann dubbed the Stoke Mandeville Games in 1948 (held in tandem with the London Olympics that took place that same year), the Paralympic movement expanded rapidly, and the first official summer games took place in Rome in 1960. They featured 400 athletes proudly representing 23 nations [source: International Paralympic Committee]. In 1976, the inaugural winter games took place, and in 1988, the Paralympics started being hosted by the same city hosting the Olympics.
As of 2012, the Paralympics include participants with one of 10 disabilities [source: International Paralympic Committee]:
- Limb deficiency
- Impaired passive range of motion
- Impaired muscle power
- Differences in leg length
- Small stature
- Vision impairment
- Intellectual impairment
- Hypertonia, or a marked increase in muscle tension and a decreased ability to stretch that muscle
- Ataxia, or inability to direct voluntary muscle movements
- [b}Athetosis, or mild to severe motor dysfunction
Before competitions kick off, Paralympic organizers determine which athletes are eligible for which events and group them by the extent of their specific impairments. Athletes who are eligible to compete in basketball and tennis, for example, include people who use a wheelchair or those who have had an amputation. Athletes who are visually disabled are the only segment allowed to compete at goalball, a popular Paralympic sport that’s sort of a cross between soccer and bowling.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>صبح امروز دوشنبه ۱۰ دی ماه جلسه شوراها و دهیاران بخش بستان در محل بخشداری بستان برگزار گردید و آخرین وضعیت روستاها و مشکلات مختلف آن ها مطرح و مورد بحث و بررسی گرفت.
به گزارش خبرنگار گروه استان های [1] باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان [2] از اهواز [3]، حبیب عفری، سرپرست بخشداری بستان در جلسه شوراها و دهیاران بخش بستان که صبح امروز دوشنبه ۱۰ دی ماه در محل بخشداری بستان برگزار شد، با بیان اینکه بخش بستان در تمام ابعاد عقب مانده است بر مطالبه گر بودن مسولان این بخش تاکید کرد و خواستار تعریف پروژه های جدید و پیگیری آن ها جهت جذب اعتبار و عملیاتی کردن آن ها شد.
وی به بهسازی ۸ روستا از روستاهای این بخش با استفاده از اعتبارات نفت اشاره کرد و بیان داشت: از پیگیری های نماینده مردم دشت آزادگان و هویزه در این زمینه تشکر می کنم.
عفری با بیان اینکه اعضای شوراهای اسلامی و دهیاران بخش بستان باید در کنار مردم روستا باشند و مشکلات آن ها را درک و پیگیری کنند، تصریح کرد: شورا و دهیار باید از داشت ها و امکانات روستا به منظور انجام فعالیت های مختلف عمرانی و فرهنگی بهره گیرد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>İngiltere’de ailesi ile birlikte yaşayan Hindistanlı genç kızın hikâyesi ‘Bend It Like Beckham’. Jesminder – bu kızın ismi – futbol hayalleri ile yaşayıp, fırsat buldukça mahallesinin parkında bir grup erkeğin maçlarına dâhil olan bir kız. Ailesi ondan Hindistan kültürüne ve geleneklerine sahip çıkarak aklı başında bir kadın olmasını istiyor. Fakat Jesminder, odasının başköşesine astığı David Beckham posterine bakıp, bir gün onun kadar iyi bir futbolcu olabilmenin hayalini kuruyor.
2009’da vizyona giren ve futbolseverler tarafından çok beğenilen The Damned United’dan tam 5 yıl sonra yine BBC tarafından gerçek bir hayat hikayesinden esinlenerek hazırlanan sıcacık bir futbol filmi Marvellous.
"Nascido para jogar futebol." Bir dönem Brezilya milli forması yakasının iç tarafını süslemiş bu cümlenin anlamını "Inshallah, football" isimli bir belgesel filmde öğrendim: "Futbol oynamak için doğdu."
2011 yapımı bir BBC filmi United. Busby Babys dönemini, yani Man Utd'in oldukça genç bir takımla şampiyon olmasını anlatıyor.
Sene 1958. Kızıl Yıldız deplasmanından dönerken Münih'te uçağın kalkışını bekliyor takım. Uçak iki kez kalkışı deniyor fakat başaramıyor. Pilotlar motorları kontrol ettirmeden üçüncü kez kalkmayı deniyor. Başaramıyorlar. Üçüncü denemede uçağı durduramıyorlar. Trajik bir kaza yaşanıyor ve uçaktakilerin yarısı hayatını kaybediyor.
Ali Kemal Denizci mutsuz olduğu İstanbul'dan kurtulup Trabzon'a dönebilmek için bir gece evini yaktı. Bu olay benim aklıma hep Eric Cantona'yı getirir. Ali Kemal'in döneminde henüz yoktum. Sanıyorum bu yüzden delilik dendiğinde aklıma ilk Ali Kemal değil, Cantona gelir. Eric Cantona. King Eric.
Eric dünyaya geldiğinde yanlış hayatın içinde buldu kendini. Eric asiliğiyle, hırçınlığıyla, kavgacılığıyla ve içtenliğiyle Trabzon'da doğması gerekirken Fransa'da doğdu. Daha sonra Trabzonlu da olamadı ama. Olsun, biz onu böyle de sevdik.
Gegengerade, kendini bir St. Pauli filmi olarak tanıtıyor. Ama aslında anlattıkları arasında her şey var, sadece St. Pauli yok.
Yönetmeni Tarek Ehlail. Gegengerade onun 2. filmi. İlk filmi Chaostage bir grup punkın hikayesini anlatıyor. Yani Ehlail'in Hamburg'un yeraltı kültüründe yetiştiğini farzedebiliriz. Önce bir punk filmi, ardından bir Pauli filmi.
West Ham United, İngiliz futbolu dendiğinde akla gelen ilk takım değil. WHU, gerek başarı konusunda, gerek tribün ve futbol kültürü konusunda bir Manchester United ya da bir Liverpool FC değil. Ama West Ham'in holigan grubu Inter City Firm'in dünyada bile eşi benzeri yoktu. Ne Man Utd'ın Red Army'si, ne de Tottenham'in Yip Army'si Inter City Firm kadar ünlenmedi.
Valderrama, Higuita, Asprilla ve Valencia’nın arkadaşı Escobar’ın ölümü büyük bir soru işaretiydi hepimiz için. Henüz ergenlik çağında dünya futbolunu yakından takip etmeye çalışan çocuklardık. Trt-2 de “Avrupa’dan Futbol” da elimizden geldiğince dünya futbolu gündemini takip etmeye çalışırdık. 94 Dünya Kupası Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde olduğu için maçların bazıları sabaha karşı oluyordu ve Hagi’yi, Valderrama’yı izlemek için erkenden kalkmamız gerekiyordu.
80’li yıllar başları. Anadolu’da futbola gönül vermiş insanlar ve o insanların türlü çabalarla ayakta tutmaya çalıştığı bir kulüp; Esnafspor. Halkın büyük bir saygı duyduğu teknik direktör Hacı, Kaleci Torba Suat, yıldız transfer Serkan, Fransız eğitimli yardımcı hoca De Gaulle, fedakar başkan Hamdi’nin hikayesi. Hikaye dar alanda kısa paslarla anlatılırken, filmin sonunda ters bir uzak pas ile gole gidiyor “Dar Alanda Kısa Paslaşmalar”.
Konumuz Serdar Akar hocamızın rahatsız edici ve çok tartışılan filmi Barda. Bu bir analiz yazısı olduğu için spoiler kaçınılmaz olacak. Baştan haber vereyim, sonra tantana olmasın.
Barda, bir grup gencin sürekli gittikleri bir barda yaşanan bir geceyi anlatıyor özünde. Bar kapatmak üzereyken ve gençler de son biralarını içerken Nejat İşler önderliğindeki bir grup külhanbeyi giriyor içeri. Barın sahibi kapattıklarını söylese de bunu pek takan olmuyor. Tatsızlık çıkmaması için de bar sahibi serserilere birer bira veriyor.
Futbol dünyasının yaşayan efsanelerindendir Maradona. Anlatılacak gibi de değildir açıkcası. Zira her insanın zihninde Maradona’nın tezahürü biraz farklıdır. Bu yazının konusu da Maradona’nın neler yaptığı değildir esasında.
Kusturica Maradona’nın belgeselini çeker 2008’de. Başrolde Maradona vardır. Ve tabi ki “Tanrının Eli”.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La Corte di Cassazione, con Ordinanza 23 aprile 2021, n. 10864, ha chiarito che l’agevolazione prima casa non è applicabile nel caso in cui il cambio di destinazione d’uso dell’immobile preposseduto non sia stato perfezionato.
Nel caso di specie, l’agevolazione non viene riconosciuta, in quanto alla data del rogito l’immobile di cui il contribuente era già proprietario era accatastato come civile abitazione, non essendosi ancora perfezionato il procedimento per il cambio d’uso.
Fonte SEAC spa<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Changes in skin tone are common. Some patients will experience dark spots such as melasma or post-inflammatory spots after a breakout. Others may experience loss of pigment in the skin from conditions such as vitiligo or albinism.
Both hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation will result in a change in skin color. Anyone is susceptible to either condition based on certain environmental factors and genetics. In many cases, an excess in pigment or loss of pigment is preventable and treatable with the help of a board-certified Atlanta dermatologist.
Dr. Straughn at Buckhead Dermatology in Atlanta and College Park wants to share information about hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation so patients are aware of how these conditions develop, how they can be prevented and how they can be treated.
What is hyperpigmentation?
When the body produces too much pigment, it is known as hyperpigmentation. Dark spots can come in the form of age spots, acne scars or patches like in melasma. While dark spots can occur anywhere on the body, they most commonly develop on the face. While there are no serious ramifications of hyperpigmentation, many patients want to prevent and treat the dark spots for cosmetic reasons.
Hyperpigmented spots on the skin can form for a number of different reasons. One of the most common reasons people develop dark spots is from sun exposure. Harmful UV rays trigger the body to produce additional pigment in order to protect the skin. The production of excess pigment results in visible dark spots.
To prevent dark spots from too much sun exposure, it is important that you wear an SPF of at least 30 every day. Anytime you will be exposed to the sun, be sure to wear sun protective clothing. As much as possible, reduce your time outdoors, especially when the sun is at its peak.
Another common form of hyperpigmentation is called melasma. Melasma is often called the “mask of pregnancy” because it is commonly found in pregnant women. It appears as dark patches on the face, often on the forehead, above the lip and on the chin. Melasma is a hormonal response to the changes that occur during pregnancy and from taking oral contraceptives.
In most cases, melasma will fade over time. If you are experiencing melasma, you should take extra care to protect your skin from the sun. Working with a dermatologist may also help to fade the dark patches more quickly.
Another common reason for hyperpigmentation is post-inflammatory dark spots. If you have acne, burns, cuts or scrapes on your body, your body may respond by producing additional pigment. It may take time for these spots to fade. There are products that may help speed the process along. Consult with your dermatologist to address hyperpigmentation as a result of post-inflammatory dark spots.
What is hypopigmentation?
In contrast to hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation is a loss of pigment. There are a number of conditions that cause the body to decrease or stop the production of melanin, the pigment found in the pigment-producing cells of the skin. Light or white spots from hypopigmentation are not harmful. But again, many patients seek treatment for cosmetic reasons.
A common form of hypopigmentation is vitiligo. Vitiligo has no clear cause. However, it is considered an autoimmune condition that results in patches of pigment loss on the skin. Albinism is another condition that results in similar types of pigment loss, including the skin, hair and eyes.
In some cases, the body’s response to an injury will result in pigment loss rather than an excess in pigment. Some patients experience loss of pigment on their skin after a burn or skin cancer removal procedure. Just like dark spots, light spots from hypopigmentation should be protected with sunscreen every day. These patches of skin may be very sensitive to UV rays.
Dark Spot Dermatologist Atlanta
If you are noticing dark or light spots or other changes in skin tone, contact Dr. Straughn at Buckhead Dermatology to schedule your appointment. As a leading dermatologist in the area, Dr. Straughn can help you understand the changes in your skin tone and guide you to proper preventative and treatment measures.
With two convenient locations in Atlanta and College Park, our board-certified dermatologist is ready to help you achieve your skin goals.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A Nobel Laureate Justifies Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing
NOBEL LAUREATES, 30 Dec 2019
Aung San Suu Kyi mocks international law, writes an Eckerd professor.
26 Dec 2019 – The Nobel peace laureate Daw Aung San Suu Kyi recently defended Myanmar from accusation of genocide at the International Court of Justice. The Hague tribunal opened this landmark case, which was brought to the ICJ by the West African country Gambia, in mid-December 2019. Tragically, Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi’s testimony mocked international law and provided a misleading narrative to justify horrific military violence against peaceful, unarmed children, women and men.
Her testimony focused on the operations of militant Muslims, “
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haç değişimli olarak yanıp sönerler. Bu sembollerden birine tıkladığınızda, kazancınızı tekrar gamble oyununa yatırmış oluyorsunuz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Yeni yavru köpeğinizin zaten belirli bir isme sahip olması, onu saklamanız gerektiği anlamına gelmez - ve aslında onları kendi seçtiğiniz bir adla yeniden adlandırmanız için birçok neden vardır. Yeni barınak köpeğinizi yeniden adlandırmak hakkında bilmeniz gerekenler.
Köpeğiniz kulak enfeksiyonlarına yatkınsa veya çok fazla balmumu birikmiş gibi görünüyorsa, bir köpeğin kulaklarını temizlemek için hidrojen peroksit kullanıp kullanamayacağınızı merak ediyor olabilirsiniz. Sonuçta, insanların kulakları için tezgah üstü damlalar peroksit çözeltileri içerir. İşte veterinerlerin söylediği.
13 Kasım'a denk gelen Dünya İyilik Günü, köpeklerimize daha çok benzemenin ne kadar önemli olduğunun bir hatırlatıcısı olarak hareket ediyor - sıcakkanlı ve başkalarına karşı nazik. Köpekler, onlara ihtiyaç duyduğumuzda her zaman yanımızdadır, bu nedenle, yavrularınıza biraz daha fazla sevgi göstermek için Dünya İyilik Günü'nü bir bahane olarak kullanmayı düşünün.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>我们都知道JVM能够识别的只有class格式的文件， 而源文件只是我们人能识别的， 不能被JVM识别。
那我们要在更深的层次上理解Java语言， 理解JVM， 只懂源文件是不够的， 因为虚拟机的很多的行为， 是在class文件中定义的， 而我们要理解JVM的行为， 就必须也学会JVM能理解的“语言”， 那就是class文件格式 。
就像我们想要深入的了解一个外国人， 只站在自己的角度上是不可能了解他的， 只有你学会了他的语言， 才能对他更了解， 因为只有你理解了他说的话， 才能知道他做的事， 进而了解他的行事方式和性格特点。
当然， 也有另外一个方式可以让你了解外国人， 那就是让他学会中国话， 你们用中文交流。
但是在Java的世界里， 这是不可能的， 因为你不可能让JVM识别源文件， 所以， 只能你去学习JVM能理解的语言 ---- class文件。
理解了class文件的格式， 不仅对理解JVM的行为有指导性的意义， 它还能让我们对Java代码有更加清晰深刻的认识， 毕竟class文件是由我们写的java代码“翻译”过来的。
明白了class文件的格式， 你就能知道方法是如何表示的， 字段是如何表示的， 继承是如何表示的 ， 方法体是如何表示的， 等等。
所有源文件中的东西， 都会在class文件中有相应的描述形式。
这样会让我们在写代码时做到胸有成竹。
当代码出了问题时， 也能更快的找出原因所在，因为我们可以把源码生成的class文件反编译出来， 看看它内部是如何实现的。
毕竟原理明白了， 源代码只是表象罢了。
此外， class文件不只是可以由Java代码生成。
其他很多基于JVM的语言， 也是生成标准的class文件， 然后被虚拟机执行。
如我最近正在学习的scala语言， 它就是基于虚拟机的。
scalac编译器可以将scala代码编译成class文件。
这样的话， 了解class文件格式， 可以对学习其他基于JVM的语言起到很好的作用， 你会发现， 如果你对class文件和JVM足够了解的话， 学习这些语言会感到非常轻松。
class文件是JVM的一个接口， 不管你源文件中写的是什么代码， 不管是java还是scala， 只要通过一定的方式， 让你写的代码可以转化成格式正确的class文件， 那么JVM就能替你执行。
如果你足够牛， 完全可以自己创建一门语言， 实现一个针对这个语言的编译器， 将之编译成class， 那么虚拟机也能执行， 并且Scala，Groovy等语言的设计者已经在这么干了。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>E niente, si torna in ufficio. Non sono pronta, tipo che mi servirebbero altri dieci giorni di ferie. Però vabbè, funziona così in Occidente: produci, consumi, crepi (l'ho già detto?). Che poi a me piace andare a lavorare eh. C'è il mio collega di fronte che ha un gran bel culo, per dire.
In realtà oggi sto scrivendo per un motivo sociale.
Vorrei salvare l'umanità.
Quando ero in gita con le bimbe, ho scorto per strada questa terrificante “pubblicità progresso” (leggo che è del 2011). Recita tipo:
“Ci chiamano schiave, trans, prostitute, ma siamo tutte sorelle/ fratelli d'Italia”.
Questa frase rivela un'ignoranza abissale, anche se suppongo che cerchi di recare il messaggio che prostitute e trans non devono essere stigmatizzate (e soprattutto, che dovreste donare a quest'associazione il vostro otto per mille).
Tanto per cominciare non mi è chiaro cosa c'entri la schiava con la prostituta con la trans. Le prostitute non sono tutte schiave. Voglio dire: una che balla il bunga bunga in cambio di soldi o di un posto in consiglio regionale, mica è una schiava che ha bisogno di essere salvata. Chi sceglie di prostituirsi non ha bisogno di essere salvata. Ci sono persone a cui prostituirsi sta bene. Non capisco quale sia il problema. Secondo me non dovrebbe neanche essere illegale. Dovrebbe essere illegale prostituirsi senza preservativo, quello sì.
Chi viene costretta a prostituirsi invece probabilmente ha bisogno di essere salvata, perché è troppo debole per prendere in mano il proprio destino, vuoi per la giovane età, vuoi per la povertà, vuoi per la paura. In quel caso prostituta e schiava possono essere due sostantivi non sinonimi che descrivono la stessa persona. Come dire che io sono stonata e disordinata.
“Mi chiamano stonata e disordinata, ma sono anch'io sorella d'Italia”.
Ma la trans? Cosa c'entra la trans con la schiava e la prostituta? La trans potrebbe essere schiava e prostituta, certo. Come io potrei essere disordinata, stonata e toh, anche mora. Ma questo non significa che tutte le more sono stonate. Che le mamme sanno cucinare. Che le donne non sanno guidare. Che ai maschi piace il calcio e che gli italiani lo fanno meglio e suonano il mandolino tutto il giorno.
Trans non significa prostituta.
La transessualità o transessualismo è la condizione di una persona la cui identità sessuale fisica non è corrispondente alla condizione psicologica dell'identità di genere maschile o femminile e che, sovente, persegue l'obiettivo di un cambiamento del proprio corpo, attraverso interventi medico-chirurgici (Wikipedia).
L'unica trans operata che conosco fa la barista, per dire. Oppure ci sono ragazze che si vestono da maschio e che fanno mestieri che non c'entrano nulla con la prostituzione.
E poi sarebbe bello che questa associazione che "aiuta" le trans, avesse le idee chiare: sono fratelli o sorelle?
|Ciao, anch'io sono una sorella d'Italia|
E' a causa delle pubblicità come questa se le trans suppongo facciano fatica a trovare lavoro. Quindi vi chiedo una cosa: non date loro il vostro otto per mille. Assumetele.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>One solution to improving the world’s food security is the development of genetically modified foods. Farmers have long bred plants to produce hybrids with traits that can withstand drought, excessive heat, excessive moisture, or to improve yields and nutritional values for example. GM food is also touted as being more environmentally friendly by some because they require fewer chemicals, less water, and are better for the soil. Today, much of the research and development is carried out by universities, governments, non-governmental bodies, and industry, most of which occurs in laboratories. Furthermore, some of this work involves genetic modifications that introduce traits into foods to achieve specific goals. One recent example of genetic modifications includes Arctic® Apples. Genes in the apple were modified to prevent browning. The result is a more aesthetically pleasing food and less waste.
Another example is golden rice. The golden rice project addressed nutrient deficiencies caused when people don’t get enough iron, vitamin A, iodine and zinc. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is serious and leads to a range of illnesses that largely affect pregnant women and children, many of whom live in countries where people eat rice as a staple. Modifying rice to provide vitamin A is predicted to reduce mortality and lead to substantial gains in health, but can be done only through genetic modification.
While this seems like a fairly innocuous issue, environmental and anti-globalization activists that are dead set against genetic modifications to food have vehemently opposed golden rice and genetic modifications in other foods (see Wesseler & Zilberman 2014; Harmon 2013). While there are no known links to adverse health or environmental problems related to GM food, some individuals and groups suggest that we don’t have enough information yet to make informed decisions. Economically, this has negatively affected trade (e.g. the European Union bans the imports of GM foods in many countries), and the wellbeing of farmers (e.g. visit EcoWatch to read about the ban of GM seeds in Kenya and the controversy surrounding a potential lifting of the ban).
The debate about GM foods is often intense and heated on both sides. Those who support the development, commercialization and adoption of GM foods suggest that yields will rise, the nutritional quality of food will improve, and that food waste will decrease. There are strong social and environmental arguments to support the use of GM foods as well: human health and wellbeing will be enhanced; there will be gains for labourers, who will pick fewer weeds; and there will be environmental benefits derived from better water and soil conservation, and lower chemical use. To gain a better perspective on both sides of the issue, and how to balance the pros and cons, read the article from the Cornell Alliance for Science pictured in Figure 10-3.
Before we move on to the next topic, let’s look at applying some of the theories we discussed up to this module. First, we could describe the increase in yield and how this increases supply (a key argument for adopting GM food). Figure 10-4 shows how the production function might change as a result of enhanced genetic technology for cereal.
The left panel shows the original total product (TP0) for cereal and the increased product (TP1) as a result of genetic engineering. The result is the increased yield for each level of input. We could go through each step to assess the costs and revenues to eventually arrive at the market supply (or marginal cost curve). Increased yield means lower marginal cost, or higher supply depending on how you want to look at it. Either way, the result is a shift in the supply curve to the right. Given our demand curve, this means decreased price, and increased quantity demanded. The economic arguments are clear, and we can also see that lower food prices are socially beneficial, especially in regions where lower-income families spend a greater proportion of their income on food.
Now let’s take a look at an economic argument against GM foods. Environmental groups have long said that GM foods have not been fully tested and could have negative effects on the environment and human health, for example. Greenpeace is one such group that suggests genetic organisms can damage the natural integrity of the environment, and that people have a right to know what’s in their food but don’t because such foods are not labelled. This sounds like two examples of market failure from Module 9. Not having food labelled could be a case of information asymmetry. And, if genetic materials do contaminate natural processes and organisms in a negative way, we could think of this as an externality: a case where the social costs of producing such foods are higher than the private costs.
These two arguments have resulted in demand for governments to not only label foods that contain GM ingredients, but to regulate and ban the products of technologies to safeguard society.
Where do you see yourself on this issue? To answer this question, you will have to consider the costs and benefits of GM production and consumption, the risks (if any), and what the social and ethical implications are.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>If you carry a notebook outside of your home or office then Whole Disk Encryption is a technology you should be interested in. It’s also called Full Disk Encryption. First let’s identify the problem.
Most people who carry notebook computers (laptops) keep sensitive files on the machine’s drive. Business documents, business databases, contact lists, emails, chat logs, password lists, etc. The most common situation is someone carrying confidential documents on the computer.
If the notebook is lost or stolen then whoever holds the notebook computer has access to the files. Login passwords aren’t enough to protect the documents, they’re easily recovered by anyone.
A more worrying trend is for international business travellers who carry confidential data on their notebooks. There have been many instances of airport customs staff not only inspecting the notebook for banned items but they’re now looking in the notebook’s hard drive and looking through any documents stored there. Their excuse is that they have to search for anything that’s a threat to national security. Irrespective of why they’re doing this the point is that someone else can gain access to your files at airports. Read this article for an example. And for examples of lost or stolen notebooks see here.
Most large companies are now telling their staff to wipe all documents off notebook computers before travelling. This is excellent advice.
Another solution is to use whole disk encryption. This is a software technology that encodes the entire drive so that it’s unreadable without a password. At present this technology is rarely used on notebooks.
- It’s not possible for someone to extract files from a lost or stolen notebook computer
- You don’t have to remember to turn it on or to prepare anything before you leave home or the office. It’s always enabled
- Not all encryption programs are free (read below for some good news on free software)
- It slows down the computer
- You have to enter another password before using the computer
- It doesn’t protect you from malware (trojans etc). You still need a good antivirus system
- You must have a backup of all your data at home or at the office. If something goes wrong with the computer then there’s no way to recover the data without a backup
- Security is only as good as your password. If you use your car number plate or some other easy to guess password then it’s not really secure. You need to use a good password.
So with more disadvantages than advantages you’re probably put off. It depends how valuable your files are. If you’re a lawyer carrying around all your client’s documents then your files are probably quite valuable, and you should be doing everything in your power to stop strangers getting at them.
How does it work?
The technical explanations are beyond the scope of this article. It’s enough to know that it encrypts all of the drive. Older encryption programs encrypt some files only and smart hackers can usually recover all or part of documents. Therefore the “whole disk” part of the encryption program is important. The disk is completely unreadable and unusable without the password.
What whole disk encryption programs are available?
Recently there has been some progress on this and there are now good free versions including ones for Mac notebooks, as well as commercial solutions.
Free Windows Solutions:
There are quite a few solutions, below are the more popular ones available today.
- BitLocker – it comes with Windows Vista Enterprise, Windows Vista Ultimate, and Windows Server 2008
- TrueCrypt – a popular open source solution (see notes below). Available for Windows, Mac and Linux.
Below are low cost commercial solutions. There are many expensive enterprise level solutions not listed here.
- PGP – This program has been around for a very long time and is trusted by many people and companies. On the 13th Feb 2008 a version was also made for Apple Macs.
If you take your computer outside of a secure environment (home, office, etc) and you have anything on there you wouldn’t like others to have then whole disk encryption is a must.
As for airport customs and other law enforcement agencies, a lot of countries have laws making it possible for them to demand your password. So while you can keep random strangers from reading your data it’s really up to you how you comply with legal requests to hand over data. At least you have a choice.
Open Source: in security it’s often a good thing to make programs or algorithms open source. It enables the programming community or security community to review the code and find any possible bugs as quickly as possible. It’s also a form of full disclosure. With commercial solutions you have to trust a company that they didn’t include a backdoor for whatever reason. With open source solutions everything’s exposed for public review.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- This event has passed.
Emotional Eating, Triggers and Binging- Sunday 28th May
May 28, 2017 @ 9:00 am - 5:00 pm£25.00 - £74.99
What causes binge eating? Like most eating disorders, it’s seen as a way of coping with feelings of unhappiness and low self-esteem.
Factors that may increase your risk of binge eating include:
- having low self-esteem and a lack of confidence
- depression or anxiety
- feelings of stress, anger, boredom or loneliness
- dissatisfaction with your body and feeling under pressure to be thin
- stressful or traumatic events in your past
- having a family history of eating disorders
Binge eating can sometimes develop following a strict diet, particularly if you skipped meals, cut out certain foods and didn’t eat enough food. These are unhealthy ways to lose weight and may mean you’re more likely to binge at another time.
Have you eaten something because, in that moment you were stressed, emotional, unhappy or angry? You maybe thought “I don’t care anymore” then got through that time period of feeling that emotion by eating and binging continuously, until you think you’ve got
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a. I tedeschi conquistano Barletta e imperversano per la città. Poi prenderanno i Vigili Urbani e li fucileranno davanti all'Ufficio Postale.
Barletta si è arresa; Barletta è in mani tedesche. La Propaganda Kompanie sta filmando, fotografando tutta la riconquista. Il lavoro è finito. Le foto i video sono pronti per essere spediti a Berlino per farli vedere anche agli spettatori tedeschi; le immagini del video finiranno nei Deutsche Wochenschau, i filmati Luce tedeschi.
Il colonnello Grasso, arrestato dai tedeschi, insieme a 3.000 soldati italiani viene messo sui vagoni ferroviari e viene deportato in Germania. Tornerà a Barletta a guerra finita. Ha la coscienza a posto.
Non sa cosa lo aspetta in Italia; non sa quali giochi sporchi sono in corso; viene portato davanti ad un tribunale militare italiano colpevole di essersi arreso: lui, uno dei pochi che ha combattuto! Per fortuna il tribunale lo scagiona: l'imputazione non sussiste. Gli va bene; al Generale Bellomo andrà peggio.
Quelle immagini della Battaglia fanno di Barletta una delle poche città italiane dove l'Esercito italiano combattè i tedeschi. Quelle immagini lo testimoniano.
Oggi Barletta è Medaglia d'oro al Valor Militare e Medaglia d'oro al Merito Civile.
Francesco Morra<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>اولین بازی رضا عطاران در تلویزیون + فیلم
«رنگین کمان» در گروه کودک و نوجوان تلویزیون مشهد، اولین برنامهای بود که رضا عطاران در آن بازی کرد.
به گزارش ستاره ها؛ حضور رضا عطاران بازیگر سینما و تلویزیون، در مجموعه های تلویزیونی را خیلی ها با سریال بزنگاه، ترش و شیرین، سیب خنده و …. به یاد می آورند.
اما شاید ندانید که اولین بازی رضا عطاران در تلویزیون، به برنامه رنگین کمان تهیه شده در گروه کودک و نوجوان تلویزیون مشهد در اوایل سال 1360 بر میگردد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A myth constructed and repeated by India and few quarters in JK that Pakistan halted the implementation of the UN Resolutions by not withdrawing her troops from AJ&K. For example, the founder of JKLF Amanullah Khan writes in this connection:
“The UN Resolution of 13th August, 1948 asked Pakistan to remove all her troops and the tribesmen from the state first. Then India would start demilitarization and vacate a bulk of her forces. Pakistan signed that resolution but later on refused to withdraw her troops from AJK and GB by saying that India would capture these areas once Pakistan Army moves back from there. This issue of the demilitarization of Pakistani forces became the crux of the talks on the Kashmir Dispute and neither Pakistan agreed to remove her troops, nor India agreed to fulfill the other conditions for plebiscite without this demilitarization. Therefore, this resolution could not be implemented through which the people of Kashmir were to decide their future. In this way, one false statement by Pakistan deprived Kashmiris of their right to self-determination.”
Similarly, Azam Inquilabi of Mahaaz-e-Azadi stated:
“The case went to the UNO where two resolutions were passed in 1948 and 1949 which voiced for the right of self-determination for Kashmiris and at the same time Pakistan was asked to leave the held territory of J&K. Neither Pakistan agreed nor was the right of self-determination given to Kashmiris. This factor formed the basis of the Kashmir conflict.”
Before we discuss whether Pakistan refused to fulfill the pre-conditions for the plebiscite or whether this became the main reason for disagreement between the two countries, we should go through the UN Resolution of August 13, 1948, first. UN Resolution of 13th August, 1948 was a three-part resolution of which the first part asks both the countries for a ceasefire; part II deals with the truce agreement and part III tells both India and Pakistan to “re-affirm their agreement that the future of Kashmir would be determined in accordance with the will of the people.”
The part II of the resolution, which is related to the demilitarization, states that “the Government of Pakistan will use its best endeavor to secure the withdrawal from the State of Jammu and Kashmir of tribesmen and Pakistani nationals not normally resident therein who have entered the State for the purpose of fighting.” Whereas, for the Government of India it says, “When the Commission shall have notified the Government of India that the tribesmen and Pakistani nationals have withdrawn, thereby terminating the situation which was represented by the Government of India to the Security Council as having occasioned the presence of Indian forces in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and further, that the Pakistani forces are being withdrawn from the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the Government of India agrees to begin to withdraw the bulk of its forces from that State in stages to be agreed upon with the Commission.”
Hence, it can be seen that only the tribesmen and other irregular Pakistani nationals who came here for the purpose of fighting were asked to withdraw first. Pakistani forces and the bulk of the Indian army were to withdraw simultaneously. In this connection, A.G. Noorani writes:
“In the process, myths were spawned which hold the people to thrall to this day, such as Pakistan had to ‘vacate’ its first aggression and to withdraw all its troops. This was a belated excuse. The UNCIP’s resolution of 13th August, 1948 in plain words [stated that] for the tribesmen the UNCIP had to notify India that they ‘have withdrawn’. In total contrast, for Pakistan’s forces, it had to notify that they were ‘being withdrawn’, whereupon India would begin its own withdrawals. There had to be a synchronization between the two processes. India’s withdrawal was not contingent on Pakistan’s prior total withdrawal.”
After the acceptance of the Security Council resolution of August 1948 and January 1949, Pakistan had started withdrawing the tribesmen and Pakistani nationals from the state. When the commission resumed negotiations in February 1949, Zafarullah Khan stated in the first meeting “that considerable progress had already been made in the withdrawal of tribesmen and Pakistani nationals and by the middle of February, the obligations of the Pakistan government would have been fulfilled.” But then, in the words of H.P. Grant Fraser, “the Secretary-General of the Indian External Ministry, Girja Bajpai dropped his bomb. He demanded the disbanding and disarming on a large scale of the Azad Forces as an essential condition to be fulfilled before any plebiscite could be held.” Hence, it is clear that Pakistan was withdrawing the tribesmen and Pakistani nationals to fulfill her obligations for the plebiscite. They had, in fact, completely left the state in 1949. Now, let’s see how India thwarted the efforts by the UN to settle the issue.
On 28th April, UNCIP came up with new “Truce Terms” which neither country accepted. India objected to the “conspicuous absence of any reference to the disbanding and disarming of the Azad Kashmir” while Pakistan was opposed “to the stationing of Indian troops in the Northern Areas and reiterated its demand that no Indian or Kashmir Government official be permitted to enter this region.” After the outright rejection of the Commission’s proposals of 28th April by both the countries, the Commission proposed on 30 August, 1949, that all points of difference be submitted to arbitration. This offer of arbitration was accepted by Pakistan but rejected by India.
At this time, the Commission returned the entire question to the Security Council which appointed its president General McNaughton as an informal mediator. General McNaughton, after negotiating with both the countries, had suggested a simultaneous withdrawal for the armies and that the Commission be replaced by a single UN Mediator. He proposed “the reduction, by disbanding and disarming, of local forces, including on the one side the armed forces and militia of the State of Kashmir and on the other, the Azad forces” and “the inclusion of the Northern Area in the programme of demilitarization and its continued administration, subject to United Nations supervision and by the existing local authorities.” Once again, Pakistan had accepted the proposals whereas, “India rejected them by suggesting two far-reaching amendments, namely that only the Azad Kashmir forces should be disbanded, and that the responsibility for the defense and administration of the Northern Areas should rest with India and the Indian Kashmir Government respectively, instead of the “existing local authorities.”
At this juncture, the London Economist remarked, “the whole world can see that India, which claims the support of this majority [of the Kashmir people] has been obstructing the holding of an internationally supervised plebiscite. From this, the world opinion can only conclude that India really has no confidence that the vote would go in its favour”.
However, another resolution was carried on 14 March, 1950 which called upon “India and Pakistan to prepare and execute within five months from the date of this resolution a program of demilitarization on the basis of the principles of General McNaughton’s proposal.” The resolution was accepted by both countries and on 12th April, 1950, an Australian jurist, Sir Owen Dixon was appointed as U.N. Mediator. Sir Owen Dixon was now entrusted with the task of demilitarization according to the UNCIP resolution of 14th March, 1950.
Owen Dixon’s Mediation
Sir Owen Dixon arrived in South Asia on 27th May. He visited the capitals of both countries. Since, India had refused to accept McGnauton’s proposals for demilitarization despite having accepted the resolution of 14th March, 1950, and had insisted that Pakistan be declared as an aggressor, Sir Dixon came up with a new proposal for demilitarization. So, in order to make any progress possible, he suggested “the withdrawal of Pakistani troops first; [then] the withdrawal of Indian troops; and disbandment of Azad Kashmir and Kashmir State Forces.” This was, in fact, repugnant to the resolutions of 13th August, 5th January, and 14th March which called upon both the countries to withdraw their armies simultaneously. Even then the Pakistani government accepted the proposal and had shown willingness to remove her troops first in order to secure the plebiscite. To quote Joseph Korbel, “the Prime Minister of Pakistan agreed to take the first step to withdraw the Pakistan army. But Sir Owen’s gratification was short-lived. The plan for demilitarization was rejected by India.”
For Azad Kashmir, Dixon had suggested: “the posting of a U.N. officer to each District Magistrate with powers of supervision the administration of the State” . For the Northern Areas, his suggestion was “to appoint Political Agents representing the United Nations and to vest authority in them.” The Indian government rejected these proposals and demanded that “in any event, India must station garrisons in Northern Areas for its defence.”
Then, Owen Dixon came up with a new proposal. He suggested that “for the period of the plebiscite a single government for the whole state, or a coalition government composed of the two hitherto hostile parties, or a neutral administration by trusted persons outside politics, or an executive constituted of United Nations representatives be organized.” Once again, in the words of Joseph Korbel, “the Indian reply was in negative.”
Then Sir Owen Dixon came up with an entirely different solution for the dispute. He suggested holding a “plebiscite region by region, and allocating each to either India or Pakistan according to the result of voting; or allotting to either of the two countries areas which unquestionably would vote for Pakistan or for India, limiting the plebiscite to the Valley of Kashmir.” Here, however, he faced opposition from Pakistan whereas India was willing to consider such a plebiscite. But the suggestions by India as to which territories should be allotted to Pakistan or India stated Sir Owen, “appeared to me to go much beyond what according to my conception of the situation was reasonable.” In the words of Joseph Korbel, “Pakistan refused to budge from her position, though she indicated her willingness to straight partition if the Valley were allocated to her. This was unacceptable to India.” Korbel further narrates, “as a last resort, Sir Owen Dixon presented both governments with another proposal. In broad lines, he called for a partition of the country and a plebiscite for the Valley, itself completely demilitarized, conducted by an administrative body of United Nations officers.” Pakistan reluctantly accepted this proposal but “the Prime Minister of India answered by telegram expressing an emphatic refusal to agree to any such provision.”
After all his efforts had come to naught, Sir Owen Dixon went back and wrote:
“In the end, I became convinced that India’s agreement would never be obtained to demilitarization in any such form, or to provisions governing the period of the plebiscite of any such character, as would in my opinion permit the plebiscite being conducted in conditions sufficiently guarding against intimidation, and other forms of influence and abuse by which the freedom and fairness of the plebiscite might be imperiled.”
After all these failures, the matter was discussed in the meeting of Commonwealth Prime Ministers held in January, 1951 where Australian PM suggested three alternative plans for this purpose: to station Commonwealth troops in Kashmir; to have a joint Indo-Pakistan force there; or to entitle the plebiscite administrator to raise local troops. Once more, in the words of Joseph Korbel, “Pakistan accepted any of the three propositions. India refused them all.”
Another resolution was submitted on 21st February, 1951, this time as a result of the joint efforts of American and British governments. This resolution “called upon the parties to accept, in case of failure, arbitration by an arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators appointed by the President of the International Court of Justice after consultation with the parties.” But again “Pakistan accepted the resolution. India rejected it.”
As a result, Dr. Frank P. Graham was now appointed the United Nations Representative. Joseph Korbel writes that Graham, after studying the situation, “first proposed, as a basis for discussion, that 12,000 to 18,000 soldiers be retained on the Indian side, plus the local state militia of 6,000 men; and 1,000 to 6,000 Azad soldiers on the Pakistani side, plus 3,500 scouts in the northern area. Then, he modified this proposal, suggesting 18,000 and 6,000 men respectively.” But once more, “Neither of his proposals was acceptable to India. She insisted that 21,000 soldiers was an absolute minimum and refused to include in this figure the state militia. In addition, she insisted on the complete demilitarization of the Azad Kashmir and the substitution of the present armed forces thereby a civil force of 4,000 men (one-half armed and one-half unarmed), this force to be composed of 2,000 followers of the Azad government and 2,000 men normally resident in the Azad territory who were not followers of the Azad government.” This, according to Korbel, “was, of course, an entirely new element” which was never concerned before. He further writes: “It would have meant in essence that the proposed plebiscite would be carried out in Sheikh Abdullah’s territory in the presence of 27,000 soldiers friendly to India and Abdullah; and on Azad territory, in the presence of 4,000 men of a civil force, only partially armed, and one half of whom would be recruited presumably from refugees living under Sheikh Abdullah’s administration. Pakistan considered the number of soldiers left in Kashmir still too high but indicated she was ready to accept Dr. Graham’s proposal. When the Security Council, on December 23, 1952, passed a resolution “urging the governments of India and Pakistan to agree within thirty days on the demilitarization of Kashmir on the basis of Dr. Graham’s proposal”, India once more refused and once more Pakistan accepted the resolution.”
Having all sorts of mediation failed, both the countries were advised to solve these disputes through bilateral negotiations. In this connection, Indian and Pakistani prime Ministers met in August, 1953 to discuss this issue and April 1954 was the date set for the plebiscite administrator to take his charge. A total of 27 letters were exchanged between Jawahar Lal Nehru and Muhammad Ali Bogra between August 1953 and September 1954. First, Nehru asked Muhammad Ali for the replacement of plebiscite administrator Admiral C.W. Nimitz. But when the Pakistani prime minister agreed to this demand in his letter to Nehru on 4th February, 1954 , Nehru started questioning the aid received by Pakistan from USA and then categorically refused to hold any plebiscite in May, 1954. Pakistan raised the issue again in the Security Council in 1957 but this time the Soviet Union vetoed a resolution tabled by Ireland and buried the Kashmir issue forever.
Hence, it can be seen that Pakistan tried everything and accepted all the proposals to secure a plebiscite, it was India who backed out of her commitments. Actually India did not want a plebiscite at all. A.G. Noorani writes;
“Nehru had other plans, in private he had adamantly set his face against a plebiscite in 1947. In public, till 1954 he continued to make the most explicit – almost extravagant – and solemn pledge to hold a plebiscite. It was in 1996 the clue to Nehru’s entire Kashmir policy emerged with the publication of 22 Volume of the Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru. It contained a document as definitive as the famous US document NSC-68, which defined US policy in the cold war. Nehru wrote a secret document to Sheikh Abdullah dated 22 August, 1952. Its thesis was; (1) people did not matter; (2) the UN was powerless; (3) so was Pakistan; (4) the accession must be made final; (5) Kashmir leaders should banish doubt for ‘doubts in their minds for leaders percolate to their followers and to the people generally۔’ There must be no debate in future; accession is an accomplished and final fact, and nothing is going to unsettle it.”
Similarly, former Indian minister of defense, Krishna Menon had said that India refused to agree to a plebiscite “because we would lose it. Kashmir would vote to Pakistan and no Indian government responsible for agreeing to the plebiscite could survive. There may be neither the justification for India’s position in Kashmir. But the question was not, what was right but what was opportune.”
Later in 1964, V.P. Menon in an interview with HV Hodson confessed, “As for plebiscite, we were absolutely, absolutely dishonest.”
Therefore, holding Pakistan responsible for
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and binary stories that the earliest civilizations have passed on to us.
Scott is well aware that much of this story is not entirely new. Big-picture historians such as Jared Diamond have acknowledged that for most people quality of life fell when agriculture replaced hunting and gathering. Yuval Noah Harari’s idiosyncratic, best-selling story-of-everything, Sapiens, describes settled agriculture as “history’s biggest fraud” for the same reasons. Even Adam Smith acknowledged that hunter-gatherers were more egalitarian than settled folk, and saw the state as arising “for the defense of the rich against the poor.” Highlighting the state’s role in ruling-class exploitation is central to the Marxian tradition of writing history, in which ancient slave societies serve as an early example of the extraction of surplus labor.
Part of what makes Scott’s story novel is the central and esteemed place he gives the barbarians. The infrastructure-building, law-codifying, biopolitical states of antiquity are not the starting points of universal history for Scott, as they were for both Marx and liberal historians. They are instead a kind of usurpation of a longer and quite possibly richer human practice of mobility and freedom. Here, too, Scott is echoing strands of a long tradition: The Roman historian Tacitus suggested that German barbarians were more virtuous than settled Romans; Anglo-Americans often traced their democratic identity to the “Anglo-Saxon” liberty of the forest rather than the cities of the Mediterranean; and today both paleo diets and the popularity of the bearded, nomadic wildlings on Game of Thrones suggest a hankering for rude barbarian health and liberty.
Scott ends on an elegiac note, suggesting that the golden age of the barbarians ended about the year 1600—that is, at roughly the same time that early-modern state-building began and legal discourses of sovereignty were developing. The barbarians began to decline partly because they sold out to the state, becoming slavers and mercenaries, until the enhanced state made its borders universal. In North America, for the first time, the “frontier” was not simply where imperial civilization stopped; it formed a presumptively (and actually) advancing vanguard of universal history. A different way of life, a vital and persistent alternative, and its people—the barbarians—receded into the story of the Encyclopaedia.
It isn’t just that the barbarians are gone. The sense in which we are caught in a world we have built is even stronger than that. The built world that sustains us is so vast that, for every pound of an average person’s body, there are 30 tons of infrastructure: roads, houses, sidewalks, utility grids, intensively farmed soil, and so forth. Without all that, global population would fall to ten million or so, where it stood during much of Scott’s story, or perhaps 200 million, as it was at the beginning of the Common Era. We are creatures of the artificial world that began with Scott’s walls and canals. The Earth is so thoroughly the world we have made that our domestic animals outweigh wild terrestrial mammals by a factor of 25 to one.
We are the only things here, and “here” is a planetary version of the infrastructure state. There really is no more outside. All of this leaves us to ask how far we, on the inside, can overcome the inherited logic of our exploitation machine, and how much of the nonhuman world will be left if we do. Any answers will unavoidably come through political projects to remake this world in gentler and more inclusive forms, so that it can house more kinds of lives. The state got us into this. It is only by using the state for new purposes that we can hope to get ourselves someplace else.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Virtual classrooms are the future of eLearning and have become the prime mode of imparting education.
Implementing gamification in your virtual classrooms means adding gamification elements to your eLearning that increases the engagement rate of the learners.
In this article, I will share some insider facts about gamification in virtual classrooms that will help you in improving learner’s engagement.
Gamification In Virtual Classrooms
Virtual classroom solutions are the new learning trend among modern learners. Even schools, colleges, and corporations are using virtual classrooms for the training of the learners. One problem that all are facing is how to engage the learners in the virtual session of learning.
Gamification is the solution from scratch if you want to improve the engagement rate of the learners within the virtual classrooms. Implementing gamification strategies like- quizzes, puzzles, points and badges, bonuses, reward, etc. into your training strategies help you in improving the engagement of the learners from your virtual classroom session.
How Gamification Improves Learners Engagement
Real-World Scenario Based Learning
Learning through virtual classrooms is still not considered as effective as learning through the traditional classroom courses because of the retention rate. Virtual classrooms offer very low engagement as well as retention rates to the learners. But gamification in your training creates real-world scenarios among the learners while learners and helps them to use the knowledge in real-time. This creates a level of interest among the learners and engages them for a longer time.
Gamification Reward Your Learners
You can’t provide effective learning to the learners without engaging them. Generating interest in learning among the learners is the only way to provide effective training. With gamification, you can add rewards and recognitions that can be earned by learners while learning through your virtual classes. Completing various questions, quizzes, and puzzles while learning allows them to earn rewards and badges and this not only enhances knowledge but also motivates them to learn more. Moreover, you can also create a leaderboard with names of top performers of the day or the week to reward your learners.
Socialize Your Classroom With Gamification
Today’s generation is more addicted to social sites and engages with them for a long time. With gamification, you can add a touch of social learning in your virtual classroom. This can be done by allowing them to share your courses on the social site with their colleagues and friends. You can also allow them to share their rewards and achievements. Thus, integrating social learning with gamification elements is another great option to make them engaged while increasing their learning capabilities.
Collaborative Learning With Interactive Gamification
If you want to make your virtual classroom more effective and collaborative for learners then implement interactive gamification in your virtual training. These interactive elements divide your courses into a group project and promote collaborative learning among the learners. Learners complete the courses in the group by file sharing, virtual meetings, and interacting with one another. This creates a real-time learning environment among the learners and facilitates collaborative learning among them.
If virtual classrooms are not getting enough learners engagement then implementing various gamification strategies in your virtual training can increase the engagement rate and make your courses popular among the learners. If you are looking for a virtual platform with all the gamification features and other interactivity then we at WPEducate can help you in several ways. Get in touch with us to know more about virtual classroom platforms.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>葛根粉采用生长于秦岭山脉中的野生葛根为原料，经纯物理方法特殊加工提取，不含任何化学添加剂。本品含有丰富的蛋白质.糖.钙.铁.锌.铜.硒等微量元素和氨基酸.葛根素。
据《本草纲目》记载：葛根味甘辛性凉.具有清热解毒.生津降火之功效。本品对头疼发热.口舌生疮.咽喉疼痛.皮肤疔疮.虚寒上火有奇效.饮酒后解酒效果极佳。
本品对预防癌症.高血压.冠心病.糖尿病.有明显作用.经常食用本品能保持精力旺盛.面色红润.骨骼健壮.耳聪目明.保健作用非常显著.故有“长寿粉”之美誉。本品在日本、美国、韩国和东南亚地区深受欢迎.被国外专家称为“回归的自然之精品”。
食用方法;取本品一袋放入玻璃器皿或碗中.加适量食糖.先用凉开水或矿泉水（大约8—10克水左右）调成糊状.再用沸水边冲边搅，搅成糊状即可食用。
友情提示：一次一袋，大约200ml开水冲一袋粉。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>THIS GCSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 & PAPER 2 REVISION GUIDE WILL BE THE KEY TO A GRADE 9. THIS INCLUDES EVERYTHING U NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GCSE ENGLISH LANGUAGE PAPER 1 & PAPER 2. THIS MEETS THE REQUIREMENTS FOR A GRADE 9 FOR ALL AO’S (ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES) IN BOTH PAPERS.
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Descrizione
Si sta per giocare un gioco di abilità meravigliosa con cancello. Sei pronto a vivere una grande avventura nel fantastico mondo dei campioni, gli spiriti e gli antichi? A causa di avidi di champions, gli spiriti divennero corrotto e contorto. Allora il mondo è caduto fuori equilibrio. La terra attende nel buio il tempo quando la luce sarà ripristinare equilibrio. Per ora, solo puoi aiutarli! Pensa veloce, utilizzare le dita e cercare di rimuovere le guarnizioni delle porte! Buona Fortuna!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>传奇投资人Ron Baron：特斯拉(TSLA.US)股价2030年或将触及2000美元
智通财经APP获悉，11月16日,标普道琼斯指数宣布，特斯拉(TSLA.US)将于12月21日被纳入标普500指数。对此，近日美国传奇投资人Ron Baron表示，如果标普500指数进行调整后，特斯拉依然继续增长，预计到2030年，特斯拉的每股股价将达到2000美元。
Ron Baron旗下的Baron Capital在其关于投资特斯拉的常见问题中写道：“根据对特斯拉增长率的估计，我们认为，到2030年，特斯拉的股价可能达到2000美元，为目前股价水平的3.3倍。”
曾于今年10月，Baron Funds首席执行官Ron Baron曾在接受采访时指出，他相信特斯拉将成为一家价值2万亿美元的公司。他强调，特斯拉的销售额可能在10年内从300-350亿美元增长至6000-7000亿美元，未来几年，特斯拉的汽车销量将以每年50%的速度增长。
Baron表示，投资者并没有考虑特斯拉未来发展的各种因素，比如当特斯拉将重心转向自动驾驶、拼车业务，或是一种比其他公司更强大(或者是更实惠)的电池出现时将会发生什么事情。同时他还强调，特斯拉目前正在努力研发一种新的电池组。
据悉，目前特斯拉占约Ron Baron旗下的Baron Partners基金总投资额的39.4%，占Baron Focused Growth Fund净资产的35.9%。
另外，Baron Capital还提及到，计划在未来几年内更多地讨论其对SpaceX的投资情况。该机构表示：“Baron已经向这家由特斯拉首席执行官马斯克创立的私人企业投资了大约2.525亿美元，我们期望，在未来10到12年内，这笔投资能为我们带来30倍至50倍的收益。”
免责声明和风险提示：本文是用户自行发布以及转载，不代表FX112任何观点，如有任何形式的转载请联系原作者。文章中的所有内容均不构成FX112任何的投资建议及意见、立场，请您根据自身评估做出理性决策。FX112仅提供网络存储空间服务，如文章侵犯到您的合法权利，请您联系FX112。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>One way to bring about substantive social change in a peaceful, uplifting manner would be to develop a Social Clinic Movement, which might also be called a Social Beauty Movement, a Public Activity Movement, or a Public Economy Movement. The idea would be to encourage local communities throughout the country to develop their own, unique, creative Social Clinics—places (not necessarily, or only, physical) where social problems can be brought before groups of concerned people for collaborative assessment and treatment. The issues of concern would include those of political economy, health, education, social justice, social welfare, agriculture, industry, environment/ecology, social philosophy, culture, psychology/spirituality (both individual and collective spirit), and History, and these issues could be addressed at local, national, and international levels.
Components of a Comprehensive Social Clinic:
Just as a comprehensive Medical Clinic has sub-clinics (pediatrics, surgery, cardiology, psychiatry, preventive medicine, etc.), there could be many components of (interest groups within) the Social Clinic, each with its own (but overlapping and synergistic) concerns. The components (and their concerns) could include:
- Economy: Development of a Public Economy, based on economic altruism and cost-based pricing (with wise public subsidization). Development of a Collaborative International Network of Creative Independent National Public Economies—in which nations help each other to be successful, with all nations benefitting.
- Health: Development of a National Public Health Care System, organized and paid for by the Public—including a National Public Pharmaceutical component and a National Dental component .
- Education: Development of an improved Public Education System that provides free education through the PhD level and teaches the full spectrum of social ideas, including Public Activity and critical thinking.
- Social Welfare: Development of better social organization, including better and more innovative housing, more innovative community infrastructure, and better community services.
- Agriculture: Development of safer, healthier, more locally produced foods. Development of not only local strategies, but national and international strategies.
- Environment/Ecology: Development of strategies to address environmental destruction and global warming. This would include better Energy strategies.
- Social Philosophy: Development of a set of philosophical and social ideas that can contribute to a foundation of understanding for Social Clinics.
- Culture: Development of the Arts, with attention to ways in which the Arts could promote the goals and understandings of the Social Beauty Movement.
- Psychology/Spirituality: Development of ideas regarding how a healthier social milieu and social organization can improve individual and collective spirit and emotional health, by creating a deeper sense of meaning and a greater appreciation of Life, Nature, and Humanity. The current poor emotional health of American society (as a whole) needs to be addressed—its pathologic levels of projection, insecurity, fear, denial, anger, unkindness, depression, selfishness, and even collective paranoia. The causal factors responsible for the psychiatric illness of American society need to be determined and addressed.
- History: Awareness and critical analysis of History is an essential component of understanding and decision-making in the Social Clinic. A sub-project of the Social Clinic could be the development of a nationwide Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) to educate and make amends for the history of US geopolitical/economic atrocities and missteps.
- Immunology: Just as the Medical Clinic has an Immunology Division, so could the Social Clinic. The purpose of the immunology division would be to identify inappropriate immunization that has already occurred—i.e. aspects of the mass immunization that American propaganda has used to prevent the “infection” of American minds with non-capitalist ideas. The immunology division would work to prevent further mistaken vaccination in the future, determine ways to deconstruct past inappropriate immunization, and develop ways to immunize the Public against propaganda—not by indoctrinating people, but by giving them historical and philosophical background and critical thinking tools to ward off unhealthy propaganda.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>What does poison ivy look like? A simple guide to identifying poison ivy in the wild. Complete with 14 images and other confusing look-a-likes.
Updated: October 1st, 2020
* might-have (or seasonal indicator)
|1. 3 Leaves||Leaves glossy at the top|
|2. Alternating side shoots||Cream-colored berries|
|3. Pointy tips and jagged edges||5-petal greenish flowers|
|4. Middle leaf on a longer stem||Aerial roots|
|5. Reddish stem|
|6. No thorns|
Compared to poison oak or sumac, poison ivy is the most common and widespread of the three popular toxic plants. Poison ivy can grow in forests, near water, and also in urban environments. It’s important to learn its telltale signs so you don’t accidentally come into contact with it. However, this may take some practice as poison ivy can be one tricky little transforming bugger.
Not only do its leaves change colors depending on the season, but the plant itself can grow in many forms like small shrubs, carpet-like ground coverings, or even climbing vines. In this post, we’re discussing specific features you can look for on this plant to effectively identify and steer clear of it.
Poison Ivy can be difficult to identify, however, there are a few details you can look for that will help you distinguish it from other plants. The following pictures of poison ivy will help identify each part of the plant and spot it easily next time you're out on a hike.
Leaves: Always in Three, Jagged Edges, Pointy Tips, Middle Leaf on a Longer Stem
In order to remember how many leaves poison ivy has, there is a popular saying that goes “Leaves of three? Let it be.” This chant was created because poison ivy always comes in a set of three oval leaflets.
The leaves will have jagged edges, pointy tips, and can grow to a size of 2-5 inches long. The two side leaves branch directly off from the stem, while the middle leaf is larger with a protruding stem. The two side leaves can also resemble a mitten, having one defined, segregated point similar to the ‘thumb’ in a mitten. The veins in poison ivy are very prominent in all three leaves.
In early spring and summer, the leaves will appear red and have a glossy look. As the plant ages throughout the seasons, the leaves will change color and texture losing their initial glossy appearance. Where the leaves will appear red in spring, they turn green in summer and change to orange or yellow in the fall.
A poison ivy plant is at its highest poison concentration in early spring and summer. So can you get poison ivy in the winter? Sadly, yes. Even when winter comes around and the leaves die off, a poison
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easy to read and well organized. Useful for a choral conductor who wants to program a concert with a certain composer in mind.
Cons: Does not contain all African-American composers, only those recommended to the author.
Use: Choral conductors/educators seeking information on Twentieth Century choral literature and its appropriateness for high school level ensembles.
Coverage: Provides entries for over 235 choral works attempting to include all of the major figures of the century, or who initiated important trends during this time. Includes SATB, SATB divisi, SAB and SSA voicings as well as speech chorus entries.
Organization: Chapters divided by voicings, a listing of music publishers and a composer index conclude the book. Each entry includes information concerning the composer, title, voicing, accompaniment, text, range, difficulty, style and misc. comments pertinent to each piece. Also noted is information concerning the publisher, duration, usage, date of composition and appropriate level of performers to use the piece.
Pros: Each entry is full of vital, practical information for conductors/teachers.
Cons: Can only provide a small sliver of literature from this time considering the huge amount available.
Use: Choral educators and conductors seeking information on traditionally successful choral literature in school situations.
Coverage: Includes literature lists of outstanding choral works for school use. Includes various voicings from SA- SATB divisi with various instrumentation.
Organization: Divided into subject areas, this book contains a master list of choral works grouped by voicing, and then by genre. Selection seems to reflect author’s bias based on personal conducting experience, composer quality, and performing trends in music education. Latter part of the book contains subject headings with additional music selections. These subjects include some additional music and information not mentioned in the original listing under categories such as: musical theater, chorus and band, collections, reference books, publishers and retail music scores. Each listing contains title, composer/arranger, publisher, level of difficulty, accompaniment and comments as well as range markings put on a staff.
Pros: This is a broad yet thorough resource guide for the choral educator. Listings contain pertinent information, but no value judgments.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>SAT Math Multiple Choice Practice Question 143: Answer and Explanation
11. Which of the following must be true for x, given that x is a negative integer?
A. x ≥ -x
B. x ≥ x2
C. x ≥ x3
D. x ≥ 1/x
E. x ≥ x/2
Correct Answer: C
C. If x is negative, then -x and x2 are both positive. Therefore, both Choice (A) and Choice (B) are false. Choice (C) looks true: For example, (-1)3 = -1, and -1 ≥ -1, while (-2)3 = -8, and -2 ≥ -8. As usual, you should stop right there on the real test, but I'll check the last two choices just for fun. (D) doesn't work: For example, -2 isn't greater than or equal to -1/2. (E) is true for positive numbers, but not for negative numbers: 6 is greater than 3, but -6 is smaller than -3. Choice (C) it is.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>CFL is a community of students and adults interested in learning about ourselves and our relationship with the world. This learning involves not only academics and other life skills, but also a deeper exploration about our emotions and thought processes and the way we respond to the challenges of life. For many of us, the philosophy of J Krishnamurti has played a significant role in our educational vision.
“Surely, education has no meaning unless it helps you understand the vast expanse of life with all its subtleties, its extraordinary beauty, its sorrows and joys.”
~ J. Krishnamurti
The starting point of our educational thinking is that there is a crisis in human society at personal and social levels. Human needs and desires have created the social structures we live in today, and any examination of these structures or any attempt to change them must at least begin with an examination of our personal, “subjective” emotional patterns.
CFL is a cooperative endeavour. Parents and students are not passive consumers but partners in the process of education and in the inquiry and exploration that is central to the activity of the school.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Dentistry for Kids in Phoenix and Tempe, AZ
Your child’s first initial visit to a local dentist should be a comfortable and enjoyable experience. We know that children are not born with a natural fear of the dentist, and so our dentistry team goes to great lengths to ensure your children enjoy their visit to our offices. We want you and your youngsters to be comfortable the moment you walk into the office. And we feel that education is an important part of that process.
The AAPD (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry) recommends that children visit the dentist before their first birthday. It’s important for your child’s newly grown teeth to receive the highest quality of care from an early age.
Learning about your teeth can be a fun experience. Find out more with our Dental Fun Kit!
Your Child’s New Teeth
Between the ages of six and 12 months, your child’s first baby teeth will arrive. At this time, their gums may feel sore and tender and so to help alleviate comfort, we recommend the soothing of gums by rubbing a cool wet cloth or finger across them. Teething rings are another great option. After the teething is completed, your child will have a total of 20 primary teeth.
These primary teeth are then shed during childhood and their permanent teeth will begin erupting at age six, continuing until around age 21. A fully-grown adult has 28 permanent teeth, 32 teeth when including wisdom teeth.
Build an Understanding of Oral Hygiene
As your child grows, make sure you’re examining their teeth every two weeks, looking for lines and discoloration that may be a sign of decay. Sugar foods and liquids are the primary causes of this decay, and so it’s important that your child brushes their teeth after feeding or eating. Optimal hygiene involves brushing four times a day, after breakfast, after lunch, after dinner, and before bedtime.
Make sure that the child knows brushing can be fun! Your child should be brushing their teeth as soon as their first tooth arrives. When a baby’s tooth erupts, you can then use a pea-sized amount of toothpaste to brush the tooth with a soft-bristled brush. Don’t use fluoride when brushing the teeth of a child younger than two unless you’re advised to do so by your specialist.
Remember also that flossing is an important consideration for optimal oral hygiene. Your doctor will discuss with you the right time to start flossing, and if you notice any signs of decay during flossing you should call your specialist immediately.
Regular Checkups Ensure Optimal Health
Remember that tooth decay is caused by sugars leftover in your mouth after eating. Children are at high risk of decay because they don’t practice optimal oral hygiene habits. And so, it’s important you teach your children the brushing and flossing techniques that will protect their oral health in the coming years.
You should book your child in for an appointment with us every six months for dental cleanings and checkups. During appointments, we can provide you more information on treatment options such as sealants, which can protect your child’s teeth for the years ahead. Call today to schedule your child’s upcoming appointment.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>“When someone says ‘I hope he’ll come’ – is this a report about his state of mind, or a manifestation of his hope?” (Philosophical Investigations).
Wittgenstein tends toward the latter conclusion. When we say ‘I hope x will come’ we are not describing or reporting on a mental state (the state of hoping) but directly hoping. As a cry or sigh manifests pain or excitement, so “I hope he will come” is the audible part of our hope. It is hoping.
What came to mind here is Beckett on literature, when he says apropos Joyce's work, “it is not about something it is that something.” This very early assertion from Beckett is consistent with many later underlinings that his work is not about anything. He does not mean it is nonsensical or meaningless. Rather Beckett’s insistence should lead us to think of what the words on the page directly are, like Wittgenstein’s ‘i hope', not what they are about.
Of course, in Wittgenstein’s example, the statement has the appearance of being about something, of relating to something, but is in fact that very something in its raw state. And so with the writer, or the artist: the appearance might be that of reporting on something, but in reality the something is directly present, it IS.Wittgenstein’s example is regarding a relatively simple affect, hope*. Perhaps with literature we are dealing with more complex and extended affects – which the words conduct and which cannot be prised therefrom.
Literary Criticism often asserts that the work is a perspective on or about a particular state, subject, condition or affect which is already constituted. The prose, the lines running through and between the words address something, point to something, take up a position in relation to X. In fact it is the critic who’s typical mode of existence is that of relating to something, of taking up a position. The writer by contrast is concerned with bringing something into being.
*Although perhaps not in another sense. Any hope, as expressed by an individual will be a compound – i.e., any statement as expressed with voice and gesture (not simply written down) will be a unique amalgam – of anxiety, expectation, sentimentality , and perhaps other things – annoyance, uncertainty.. It is these things, or their facsimiles, that an actor would introduce in interpreting the line as it is simply written. The actor would embed the line within a new compound.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>“Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis”
“Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis” è un romanzo ed è la prima opera importante di Ugo Foscolo.
Una prima redazione dell’opera “Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis” è stata stampata dall’autore nel 1798 a Bologna, tuttavia, l’opera rimase interrotta perché in quel periodo Foscolo combatté contro gli Austro-Russi.
Lo stampatore, per poter incentivare la vendita del libro, lo fece completare da un certo Angelo Sassoli.
In seguito, il romanzo fu ripreso da Foscolo e infine fu pubblicato a Zurigo nel 1816 e a Londra un anno dopo.
“Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis” è un’opera giovanile, ma anche un romanzo che l’autore considerò centrale nella propria esperienza e realizzazione letteraria.
“Le ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis” è realizzato sotto forma di un romanzo epistolare: esso è scritto sotto forma di lettere che il protagonista invia ad un suo amico.
Il romanzo è stato notevolmente ispirato da un’opera appartenente alla letteratura straniera, ovvero “I dolori del giovane Werther” di Goethe, di cui, infatti, riprende gli aspetti essenziali e l’intreccio. In entrambi i romanzi la vicenda ha come protagonista un giovane che si suicida per amore di una donna che è destinata in sposa ad un altro uomo.
Il romanzo è caratterizzato da un certo pessimismo, ottenuto attraverso la ricerca di valori positivi, come l’affetto e l’amore per la patria.
Quest’opera ha un’importanza fondamentale in quanto introduce in Italia il genere del romanzo moderno, caratterizzato dal prevalere dell’enfasi oratoria.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Atlas is the result of the collaboration among the European Commission, the FAO and the CBD.
23 September 2010: The European Commission’s research body, the Joint Research Centre, has published for the first time an indicator-based map of potential threats to soil biodiversity in Europe, highlighting its role in agriculture and in the water and carbon cycles.
The European Atlas of Soil Biodiversity provides a comprehensive source of information for researchers, policy makers and teachers, and a contribution to the International Year of Biodiversity. It selects and ranks potential threats to soil biodiversity, including land use change, habitat disruption, intensive human exploitation, invasive species, soil compaction, erosion and pollution. The map provides an evaluation of the potential risk of soil biodiversity decline with respect to the current situation, showing that the risk of decline in soil biodiversity due to human-induced pressures tends to be highest in areas of high population density and/or intense agricultural activity.
The 128-page atlas is the result of collaboration between the European Commission, partners from academia and industry, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The Atlas was launched at the conference “Soil, Climate Change and Biodiversity – Where do we stand?” held in Brussels, Belgium, from 23-24 September 2010. [EU Press Release] [The Atlas] [Soil Conference Website]<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>بعضی از شغلا به دلیل استرس، ساعات کاری غیر قابل پیش بینی یا طولانی و یا کنترل کم احتمال بیشتری واسه دچار شدن به افسردگی دارن.
در این مقاله ۱۰ زمینه شغلی هست که به احتمال زیاد کارکنان گزارشی از افسردگی کلی رو گزارش می کنن.
مشاغل و افسردگی
در این مقاله ۱۰ شغل (از ۲۱ دسته کلی شغلی) که در اون کارکنانی که تموم وقت مشغول کار هستن، هرساله در مورد افسردگی نسبت به بقیه گزارش بیشتری داشتن رو بررسی کردیم. اما اگه می خواین یه پرستار باشین (شماره ۴)، این بدون معنا نیس که شما باید یه حرفه دیگه رو انتخاب کنین.
دبورا فیریک، مشاور سلامت روانی در بوفالو می گوید: “جنبه های خاص ای از هر شغل هست که می تونه باعث افسردگی شه و یا افسردگی رو شدید شدن کنه” ” آدمایی که مشاغل با استرس بالا دارن اگه از خودشون مراقبت کنن و کمکی که نیاز دارن رو دریافت کنن، شانس بیشتری واسه مدیریت شغل خود و نبود درگیری با مشکلات روحی رو دارن.”
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پرستار سن و سال دار / مراقب کودک
سرویس دهندگان مراقبت شخصی در بالاترین جایگاه لیست قرار دارن و تقریبا ۱۱٪ از افراد در این مورد از افسردگی کلی گزارش میدن. ( این اندازه در افراد بی کار ۱۳ درصد و در کل جمعیت ۷ درصده. )
Christopher Willard روانشناس بالینی در دانشگاه تافتس و نویسنده کتالب ذهن کودک می گوید: “یه روز معمولی در این مورد شغلی می تونه شامل تغذیه، استحمام و مراقبت از آدمایی باشه که بیشتر قادر به بیان تشکر نیستن چون که اون ها یا زیادتر از اندازه مریض هستن، یا سن کمی دارن و یا عادت به سپاسگذاری ندارن.
“دیدن آدمایی که مریض هستن و از تقویت مثبت زیادی بهره مند نیستن، استرس زاست”
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کارکنان خدمات غذایی
بعد از سرویس دهندگان مراقبت شخصی، کارکنان خدمات غذایی درلیست این ۱۰ شغل با اندازه بالای افسردگی قرار دارن.
بدیش اینه آدمایی که این شغل رو دارن بیشتر حقوق کمی دریافت می کنن و هر روز با آدمایی سر و کار دارن و که به اونا می گن چه کاری بکنن. در حالی که در ۱۰ درصد از صاحبان این مشاغل در سال گذشته افسردگی رو گزارش دادن ، تقریبا ۱۵ درصد از این گزارش دهندگان خانوم هستن.
Legge میگه: “این کار هم بیشتر یه کار بدون سپاسگذاریه.” مردم واقعا می تونن خشن باشن و فشار فیزیکی زیادی روی فرد باشه. وقتی این فرد دپرس شه، پرانرژی موندن که لازمه کارشه براش خیلی سخت می شه. در نتیجه به مراتب کار هم سخت تر می شه.
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مددکاران اجتماعی
از قرار گرفتن این شغل در نزدیکی بالاترین جایگاه این لیست، تعجب نکنین. در رابطه بودن با کودکانی که مورد آزار قرار گرفتن و یا خونواده های در آستانه هر بحران قابل تصور، این شغل رو به شغلی پر استرس که بیشتر ۲۴-۷( ۲۴ ساعته و در طول ۷ روز هفته) است، تبدیل می کنه. Willard می گوید: ” این می تونه یه فرهنگ باشه که می گوید واسه انجام یه کار خوب، شما باید واقعا خیلی با جدیت و تلاش زیاد کار کنین و بیشتر فداکاری کنین.”
از اونجا که مددکاران اجتماعی با آدمایی که نیازمند هستن سر و کار دارن، این فداکاری زیاد واسه پیشرفت کار، سخته. من می بینم که مددکاران اجتماعی خیلی زود از پا در میان.
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کارمندان خدمات درمانی
این زمینه شغلی پزشکان، پرستاران، پزشکان و حرفه های دیگه رو که بیشترین کار رو بدون دریافت حقوق بالا انجام میدن شامل می شه. ممکنه کارکنان خدمات درمانی، ساعات کاری طولانی و بی نظم داشته باشن که در اون زندگی بقیه واقعا در دستانشون باشه.
ویلارد میگه: “هر روز اون ها مریضی، ضربه روحی و مرگ رو می بینن و با اعضای خونواده بیماران سر و کار دارن و این می تونه چشم اندازی تیره باشه که باعث شه جهان از دیدگاه این افراد مکانی غمگین تر باشه”
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هنرمندان ، نویسندگان
این مشاغل می تونه حقوق بی نظم، ساعات نامشخص و تنهایی رو به همراه داشته باشن.
افراد خلاق ممکنه اندازه های بالاتری از مشکلات خلقی داشته باشن؛ در حدود ۹ درصد از بروز افسردگی اصلی در سال گذشته رو این افراد گزارش دادن. در مردان، این بحث کاریه که به احتمال زیاد مربوط به یه قسمت از افسردگی کلی ( نزدیک به ۷ ٪ در کارکنان تموم وقت ) است.
Legge می گوید: ” چیزی که من در هنرمندان می بینم یه مریضی دو قطبیه. افسردگی واسه کسائی که حرفه هنری دارن چیزی معموله و سبک زندگی این افراد این شرایط رو شدید شدن می کنه.”
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معلمان
به نظر می رسه تقاضاهای معلمان همیشه در حال رشده. بسیاری پس از مدرسه کار می کنن و بعد کار رو به خونه می برن. در خیلی از نقاط، اونا یاد می گیرن که کار زیاد رو با کمترین مقدار انجام میدن.
Willard می گوید: ” فشارهای خیلی از طرف خیلی از
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are vital to early success in school.
The program is designed to be a trusted, high quality, educational resource for children. PEG + CAT is grounded in the same curriculum-based, research-driven approach that is the hallmark of everything you see on DPTV’s children’s programs. There are no commercials, just learning about numbers during the half-hour program, which will run weekdays at 8 a.m.
Animation Magazine provides an overview of the show and its producers. Education researchers have found that the better a child’s grounding in arithmetic and basic math skills, the easier it is for them to later learn the higher concepts. And, as in reading skills, the farther behind a child gets, the more difficult it becomes for her or him to catch up.
This week the 500,000 children, parents and caregivers who watch our children’s programming will have another, positive, engaging and commercial-free program to help them learn and grow.
Some show details:
PEG + CAT is a multimedia project that follows the adorable, spirited Peg and her sidekick, Cat, as they embark on adventures, solve problems and learn foundational math concepts and skills. PEG + CAT was created by Billy Aronson (Rent, Postcards from Buster) and Jennifer Oxley (Little Bill, The Wonder Pets!) of 9ate7 Productions, and is a production of The Fred Rogers Company.
Each episode features a story in which Peg and Cat encounter an unexpected challenge that requires them to use math and problem-solving skills in order to save the day. Their adventures take viewers from a farm to a distant planet, from a pirate island to a prehistoric valley, from Romeo and Juliet’s Verona to Cleopatra’s Egypt to New York’s Radio City Music Hall. While teaching specific math lessons, the series displays the value of resilience and perseverance in problem-solving.
PEG + CAT’s multiplatform media experience includes interactive mobile and online content. The property offers games and other resources online at pbskids.org/peg, and additional interactive features, including more games, streaming video, parent and educator resources and a mobile app, are slated to launch along with the on-air premiere in fall 2013.
Enjoy the show with the child in your life.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>使用这3种分析工具来准备杀手级的商业计划
海豹突击队的任务计划采取了以下两条路线之一: 故意或仓促。刻意的计划采取了较长期的方法 (超过48小时)，而草率的计划则是在24小时内进行的任何计划-尽快执行某些任务。
虽然两种计划方法都需要相同的三个标准-时间，资源和需求-但两个显着差异决定了使用哪种方法: 敌人 (或竞争对手) 施加的需求的即时性 (本质上是威胁) 以及我们拥有的信息的准确性。
对于企业家来说，人们很容易去争取仓促的方法，就像耐克一样，“去做吧”，希望你的产品能成功地获得新的成功。然而，很可能不会。至少，没有进行尽职调查，收集足够的信息来制定难以理解的商业计划。
在一定程度上，你可以对这个行业进行彻底的、深思熟虑的分析，那就去做吧。有大量的免费工具可以指导你完成这个过程。同时，以下是三种简单的业务分析工具，可帮助您确定品牌与其他品牌的区别:
1.害虫
不要与动物或人混淆，pEST是一种分析行业内部大局变化以识别增长机会的方法。具体来说，首字母缩写词代表:政治因素经济因素社会因素科学因素
害虫的另一种变化是杵，其中包括法律和环境方面的考虑。如果你被困在从哪里开始，从把每个因素分成五个W开始 -- 谁，什么，什么时候，在哪里，为什么 -- 然后从那里释放 (精神) 愤怒。
2.SWOT，增强版
虽然pEST提供了竞争格局的宏观视角，但SWOTis通常在更微观的层面上用于分析特定的业务，产品服务。这是SWOT的价值:优势。虽然你可以猛击的啤酒数量或你可以在60秒内推出的俯卧撑数量肯定是令人羡慕的品质 (至少，它们是我上大学时)，但竞争优势是优势技能、资源、资本、网络或价值，使你的品牌有别于其他品牌。这就是为什么消费者想要你和你一个人。弱点。一个非常简单的术语。但是，如果您不确定自己的弱点是什么，请发挥自己的优势，将其颠倒过来，然后繁荣起来。与竞争对手相比，弱点是你的优势不足的地方。这些可能是您公司内部的不利因素，例如额外的官僚主义或流程，或成为市场，经济或技术的猎物的外部弱点。机会。在这里，您可以利用自己的优势来利用空缺，例如较低的利率，竞争对手的价格，季节性变化或消费者趋势。威胁。这些都是不好的。他们是为墨菲工作并强加他不太讨人喜欢的法律的小家伙。当然，事实也恰恰相反。威胁有一种揭示您当前状态的方式，它们发掘了准备不足的东西，并揭示了它们的本来面目: 发展机会。我们在海豹突击队有句谚语: 您不会适应这种情况，而是会达到训练的水平。
以下是最大化SWOT分析价值的秘诀: 将你的优势与你的机会进行对比，并将结果作为杠杆点来建立更大的价值。把你的弱点放在你的威胁上，用副产品作为防御点。这样，弱点就不会减少，并且基于新兴机会的优势会变得更强。
3.7s型号
与上述通常用于外部分析的工具不同，7s模型向内看自己的公司。由麦肯锡公司 (McKinsey & Company) 开发的战略，结构，系统，风格，共享价值观，员工和技能的七个S，证明了为什么组织不是作为一组独立的孤岛而运行，而是作为相互连接的部分的网络。
想象一个八边形，并在每个顶点放置一个S，除了 “共享值”。共享值属于八角形的中心，因为它们已经重塑。现在，从每个vertice到另一个绘制一条线，以便每个S连接到另一个，并且您会看到每个组件如何不可分割地链接到另一个组件。
写一份商业计划不一定是痛苦的 -- 做这件事可能会有一些乐趣。更重要的是，通过aforementionedperspectiveso编写您的业务计划的简单行为将揭示以前不考虑的观点，这将为您的成功做好准备。
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12种方法破解你朝九晚五的工作，生活无忧2021-11-19<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>新加坡9月举行总统选举
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（新加坡6日讯）新加坡政府周一宣布将把总统选举的投票日，从8月31日之前，推迟到9月。而在选举期间，政府将增加候选人在电视的竞选广播时间，不过不再设定竞选群众集会地点。
综合新加坡媒体报导，过去，新加坡总统选举投票日都定在8月的最后一个星期，竞选活动在8月展开，通常会在国庆日和8月间的国庆庆祝活动同时进行。
新加坡总理公署部长陈振声周一在国会提出总统选举修正法案二读时说：“为了避免再出现这种情况，今年的总统选举投票日将在9月举行。”
由大法官梅达顺领导的9人宪法委员会，去年针对如何调整民选总统制，提出了多项建议。
为此，政府不会再为总统选举划定竞选集会地点。候选人还是能够举行竞选集会，但须向警方申请准证。
此外，政府会在选举期间增加电视竞选广播的时间，其中包括电视辩论和广告。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>يکی از کسانی که به اتهام طراحی نقشه انفجار فرودگاه نيويورک بازداشت شده است، به گفته همسرش، در راه ونزوئلا بوده تا از آنجا ويزای ايران را دريافت کند و برای شرکت در يک کنفرانس مذهبی درباره اسلام به تهران برود.
به گزارش خبرگزاری آسوشيتدپرس، عبدل قدير، ۵۵ ساله که همراه با سه مسلمان ديگر به طراحی نقشه اين جمله متهم شده است، اهل کشور گويان است و پيش از اين عضو پارلمان اين کشور کوچک در شمال آمريکای لاتين نيز بوده است.
ايشا قدير، همسر وی روز يکشنبه و ساعاتی پس از آن که عبدل قدير در کشور همسايه گويان – ترينيداد و توباگو – بازداشت شد، به خبرگزاری آسوشيتدپرس گفت که شوهرش برای رفتن به ونزوئلا به ترينيداد و توباگو رفته بود.
خانم قدير گفت که شوهرش قصد داشته در ونزوئلا از سفارت تهران در کاراکاس ويزای ايران را دريافت کند تا بتواند برای شرکت در يک کنفرانس درباره دين اسلام به تهران برود.
عبدل قدير که هم اکنون در بازداشت پليس ترينيداد و توباگو است، مسلمان و شيعه است و روز جمعه، اول ژوئن، زمانی که قصد داشت از طريق فرودگاه بين المللی جزيره ترينيداد به ونزوئلا پرواز کند، بازداشت شد.
نيروهای امنيتی ترينيداد و توباگو به درخواست FBI، يک نفر ديگر را نيز به نام کريم ابراهيم بازداشت کرده اند و اعلام کرده اند که هر دو بازداشتی خود را بعد از برپايی يک جلسه دادگاه به آمريکا تحويل خواهند داد.
متهمين به دنبال اين بودند که مخازن سوخت فرودگاه را به همراه بخش هايی از خط لوله ۶۴ کيلومتری انتقال سوخت از نيوجرسی به نيويورک، منفجر کنند.
متهم سوم اين پرونده، راسل دفرياتس، يک آمريکايی مسلمان است که توسط FBI در بروکلين بازداشت شده است. او از کارمندان سابق بخش بار فرودگاه بين المللی جان اف کندی بوده است.
چنانکه مقام های امنيتی آمريکا می گويند، متهم چهارم به نام عبدل نور، مسلمانی اهل کشور گويان است که هنوز بازداشت نشده و احتمالا در يکی از کشورهای حوزه دريای کارئيب، مخفی شده است.
به گزارش خبرگزاری رويترز، دادستان محله شرقی نيويورک در يک کنفرانس خبری گفت که اگر اين چهار تن موفق می شدند نقشه خود را عملی کنند، «ويرانی غير قابل تصوری» به بار می آمد.
بنا به اين گزارش متهمين به دنبال اين بودند که مخازن سوخت فرودگاه را به همراه بخش هايی از خط لوله ۶۴ کيلومتری انتقال سوخت از نيوجرسی به نيويورک، منفجر کنند.
در يکی از مکالماتی که از متهمين ضبط شده، يکی از آنها پيش بينی می کند که از اين حمله، تعداد بسيار اندکی جان سالم به در خواهند برد و نتيجه اين حمله، نابودی «سرتاسر کندی» خواهد بود. اشاره او به نام فردوگاه شهر نيويورک است که به ياد رييس جمهوری فقيد آمريکا، جان اف کندی، نامگذاری شده است.
چنانکه مقام های آمريکايی می گويند ميان طراحان اين حمله و سازمان تروريستی «القاعده»، هيچ ارتباطی کشف نشده، اما در عين حال تاکيد کرده اند که آنها با يک گروه تندروی مسلمان در ترينيداد و توباگو ارتباط داشته اند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Eat More, Sleep More
Eat More, Sleep More
By Alexis Abboud
show/hide words to know
- Hormone: a chemical message released in the body by cells and glands that affects other cells in an organism.
- Lipid: a building block of life (molecule) made from smaller pieces (fatty acids). There are several kinds of lipids - fats, waxes, sterols,... more
- Model organism: a non-human organism studied in detail to provide understanding about the workings of other organisms... more
What's in the story?
You've tried counting sheep. You've even recited all of the president's names. After all that, for some reason you still just can't fall asleep. Then you hear it again – a rumble in your stomach. Have you ever noticed that when you’re really hungry, you can’t fall asleep? The rumbling in your stomach seems to keep you awake all night. The next day your brain may seem a little slow until you take a nap and you feel like yourself again. Well, the same thing happens to flies. Whenever they’re really hungry – starving – they don’t get any sleep. But afterwards, some of them don’t feel sleepy and slow like you might. Instead it's as if they slept all night and they are ready to start the day.
In the PLOS Biology article, "The Perilipin Homologue, Lipid Droplet 2, Regulates Sleep Homeostasis and Prevents Learning Impairments Following Sleep Loss," scientists looked at the relationship between eating and sleeping in flies. They found that in some flies, the more they eat, the more they sleep.
Sleep: It’s Important
Most of us have fought with our parents to try to push bedtime back by even just five more minutes. But maybe we shouldn't fight so hard to stay awake longer. For most animals, including humans, sleep is very important. It allows the body and mind to rest after being active the whole day.
While you are awake, even if you are resting, your mind and body are hard at work. They make sure you’re breathing, eating, walking, and learning. This is a big job. If you don’t let your body and mind rest, they won’t work as well the next day. You may be tired and slow, making it hard for you to learn.
Some flies that don’t get enough sleep also have trouble learning, but whether or not a fly’s lack of sleep affects its learning may be due to how much fat is in the fly’s body. Scientists found that skinny flies often don’t have trouble learning, even if they don’t get enough sleep.
Flies are a model organism for humans. This means that scientists can study what happens in flies and then take their findings and try to apply them to humans. These scientists looked at two types of flies, fat flies and skinny flies. The difference between these two fly types is their genes. The fat flies have a gene called brummer that tells their bodies to store all the lipids, or fat, that they eat. These flies can live off their fat stores if they can’t find food. The skinny flies have a gene, lipid storage droplet 2, that stops them from storing fat so they stay skinny.
Hey Guys, I’m Tired
To figure out what sleeplessness does to the flies, the scientists kept all the flies awake. This is easier than you might think. First, you put all the flies on a teeter-totter, a long board that tilts back and forth. The flies get all balanced and cozy on one side of the board, almost comfy enough to fall asleep...but then the board gets tilted. The flies then have to rebalance, keeping them awake. The teeter-totter was tilted every 10 seconds during testing, so the flies were kept awake by constantly having to move to rebalance themselves.
The next day, scientists tested the flies to see how tired they were and whether they could learn. To see if the flies were tired, they tested their blood for amylase. Amylase is a hormone that is usually in the blood of sleepy animals.
To see if the flies had trouble learning, they tried to teach the flies to avoid light, even though flies are naturally attracted to it. To teach the flies to do this, scientists took lighted tubes and covered them with a bad-tasting chemical. When the flies went toward the lighted tubes, they would taste the chemical and want to get away from it. The skinny flies were able to learn to avoid light, but the fat flies did not learn to avoid it.
The fat flies had trouble learning, but they also has a lot of amylase in their blood. When organisms are tired, they produce the hormone amylase. The high levels of amylase in fat flies meant that they were very tired.
The skinny flies were different. They had very little amylase in their bodies, showing that they were not tired. The scientists were also able to teach the skinny flies to avoid light, showing that they were able to learn.
Breaking News: Fats Change Sleep Patterns
Remember, the fat flies and skinny flies have two different genes controlling lipid storage. The fat flies have a gene that tells their bodies to store lipids. But the skinny flies have a different gene
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popular tourist circuits in India, golden triangle tours – which includes Jaipur and Agra to form the three destinations. One of the must visit places in Delhi to understand its history is Red Fort. It is the largest monument in Delhi and an epitome of the rise and fall of mighty empires. With a significant place in the history of Mughal Empire’s high point and inevitable fall, this massive monuments chronicles many a tales and anecdotes of the Mughal era intrigues.
|Delhi Gate of the Red Fort, Delhi. This is a photo taken during the period of British Raj|
Red Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in India, is one of the oldest and dazzling monuments attracting thousands visitors every year. Built during the reign of Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan, it formed the core of the walled city of Old Delhi. The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort was Bahadur Shah II “Zafar”. Despite being the seat of Mughal power and its defensive capabilities, the Red Fort was not defended during the 1857 uprising against the British.
Red fort in Delhi is a major tourist attraction and a must thing to do during tours to India. The mighty citadel of Red Fort was built by the 5th Mughal emperor Shah Jahan during 17th century and laid the foundation of the seventh city of Delhi, Shahjahanbad. Red fort, also known as Qila-e-Mubarak was the transferred capital of Shah Jehan from Agra to Delhi. It served as the residence for the royal family members and is a major cultural and historical places in and around Delhi.
A very interesting fact regarding the construction of the Red fort is that it was started and completed on same day of the same month (16th April, 1639 to 16th April, 1648). It took 9 years to build this massive fort. Red sandstone was used extensively to build the fort leading to its popular name, the Red Fort. It was adjacent to the defense fort of Salimgarh build by Islam Shah Suri in 1546 with which it forms the Red Fort complex and lies along the bank of river Yamuna. The Red Fort was declared a ‘UNESCO World Heritage Site’ in 2007.
Red Fort stands on the zenith point in the history of Mughal Architecture. The outskirts of its strong walls are about 2.41 Kilometers. The art work in the fort is a striking blend of Persian, European and Indian Art. The two main Gateways of this fort are Lahore Gate on the west and Delhi Gate on the south respectively. The main entrance is the Lahore Gate. The western gateway is bordered by the arcaded apartments leading to the palaces known as the Chatta Bazaar popularly known as Meena Bazaar in the Mughal times, the shopping paradise for the Ladies.
Major attractions inside the Red Fort, Delhi
Diwan-i-Aam (Hall of public audience) is a rectangular hall, three aisles deep, with a fascia of nine arches. It originally had a courtyard in the front and was luxuriously ornamented with gold and silver stucco work. This is where the Mughal emperor used to hold public meetings.
Diwan-i-khas (Hall of private audience) is a highly ornamented pillared courtyard engraved with many precious stones. It was made for meetings with court members, dignitaries and nobilities. Its marble dice is said to have supported with a famous peacock throne taken away by Persian invader Nadir Shah.
Moti Masjid was built in 1659 during the period of Aurangzeb. It was the personal mosque of Aurangzeb. The structure of Moti masjid is of a three-domed mosque carved in white marble.
Hayat Baksh Bag was built in 1842 by the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar lays in the center of the pool where two channels meet.
|A view of the Red Fort Facade. This is the place from where Prime Minister of India addresses the nation every 15th of August, Independence Day of India|
Visitors of the Red Fort also get a chance to retrace the history of its construction and intrigues of royal court of Mughal era during the son-et-lumiere. The show unraveling the history of Mughal era is one of the must do things to understand the cultural and historical importance of this resplendent fort. Although the existing structures are not even one third of the original fort, the ruins and existing buildings stand testimony to the heritage and architecture of Mughal era in India. It is a land mark place in India, the site from where prime minister of India addresses the public on the occasion of 15th August.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>سرهنگ حسنی با اشاره به وجود ۱۹ شهید والامقام ارتشی در شهرستان بشرویه گفت: برای اولین بار یادواره شهدای ارتش در راستای بزرگداشت هفته دفاع مقدس همزمان با (۷ مهر) برگزار می شود.
به گزارش پایگاه خبری بشرویه نیوز به نقل از خبرگزاری شبستان ؛ سرهنگ مهدی حسنی اظهار داشت: دفاع مقدس یک دوران طلایی و باارزش برای نظام جمهوری اسلامی محسوب می شود؛ دورانی که در آن ایثار، همدلی، شجاعت و وفاداری نمایان و پررنگ شده بود.
فرمانده سپاه بشرویه با بیان اینکه امنیت امروز را مدیون خون شهدای دوران دفاع مقدس هستیم، افزود: امیدواریم بتوانیم نسل های آینده را با فرهنگ و پیام های دوران دفاع مقدس آشنا سازیم تا بتوانند همچون شهدا برای سربلندی اسلام و انقلاب قدم بردارند.
وی با اشاره به لزوم بزرگداشت هفته دفاع مقدس عنوان کرد: به منظور بزرگداشت هفته دفاع مقدس و یاد و خاطر شهدای گران قدر حدود ۱۶۰ برنامه و ۳۰ برنامه شاخص در شهرستان بشرویه در حال برگزاری است.
سرهنگ حسنی ادامه داد: از مهم ترین برنامه ها می توان به یادواره شهدای زن، شب شعر، محفل انس با قرآن، افتتاح پایگاه علمی، شب خاطره در مساجد و همایش نسل به نسل جهت ترویج سبک زندگی اسلامی در این شهرستان اشاره کرد.
فرمانده سپاه بشرویه در ادامه گفت: برگزاری اردوی جهادی خواهران، همایش زنان انقلابی، همایش ۴۰ سال مقاومت، مراسم روز سرباز، افتتاح پروژه های سازندگی، رزمایش کمک های مومنانه، بازسازی عملیات کربلای پنج، رونمایی از کتاب و برپایی موکب های عزاداری از دیگر برنامه های هفته دفاع مقدس است.
وی در پایان با اشاره به برگزاری یادواره شهدای ارتش بشرویه عنوان کرد: در شهرستان بشرویه ۱۹ شهید ارتشی وجود دارد و برای اولین بار یادواره شهدای ارتش روز پنجشنبه هفتم مهرماه برگزار خواهد شد.
انتهای پیام/
-<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>More Than A Pigeon Perch
Rediscovering Local Landmarks
Although The Hiker is larger than life and perched on a six-foot pedestal, this Spanish American War memorial on the north lawn of Deering Oaks Park is easy to overlook.
But do look—it’s a beautiful statue.
From the soldier’s wadded and rolled sleeves to the leather satchel reminiscent of today’s messenger bag, the details are captivating.
The Hiker is sculptor Theo A.R. Kitson’s most well-known work—at least 50 copies of the statue are installed across the country.
When the USS Maine anchored in Havana Harbor exploded and sank, it became a catalyst for the conflict that would follow. Under the rallying cry “Remember the Maine!” the Spanish American War secured Cuba’s independence from Spain and remains one of the shortest wars on record. But that’s only the beginning.
Dig a little deeper and fascinating tales of science, circumstance, and cowboys emerge. For it was during the Spanish-American War that army medical scientist Dr. Walter Reed isolated the cause and stemmed the transmission of yellow fever plaguing the troops; eager journalists and competing publishing magnates gave rise to the dirty business of yellow journalism; and Teddy Roosevelt’s volunteer militia, The Rough Riders, found glory.
It was a short war, but a war with a decidedly jaundice pallor.
Where’s The Hiker?
From Maine to Utah to Tennessee, there are some 50 copies of The Hiker across the United States. Is there one in your town?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>About five million people in Germany dared to say “No!” to Adolf Hitler. That is the significant outcome of the plebiscite which was really nothing else than a command to vote “Yes” for Hitler as Reich Fuehrer and Chancellor. Every device of propaganda, threat and compulsion has been resorted to by the Nazis. And yet five million people were courageous enough to take the risk of opposing Hitler.
According to The New York Times Berlin correspondent, the hospital of the Jewish community in one district cast 168 “Yes” votes, ninety-two “Noes,” and forty-six ballots were invalid.
The correspondent points out also that “former Marxists cast a far heavier vote for Chancellor Hitler than the so-called bourgeoisie. In Berlin, especially, judging by their vote, former Communists still are Leader Hitler’s most loyal supporters. In one voting district in Wedding, where a few years ago Communists fought from behind barricades against the police, the ‘Yes’ votes amounted to 949; the ‘No’ votes and invalid ballots totaled 237.”
The voting of the Marxists and the Communists favoring Hitler to the extent reported in The Times is extremely puzzling. Either most of these Marxists and Communists were Marxists and Communists in name only before the advent of Hitler as Chancellor, or they have become so demoralized by persecution and intimidation that they now blindly obeyed the Nazi orders.
The Jewish “No” votes are a heroic demonstration of courage, self-respect and self-sacrifice. It was a foregone conclusion that the farcical plebiscite would endorse Hitler’s seizure of the Presidency by an overwhelming majority. If the plebiscite is a true expression of the German people’s estimate of Hitler and Hitlerism, then the German people are unworthy of a better Leader, and the indignation of civilized public opinion should be directed not only against Hitler but also against those who have endorsed him for leadership.
The Jewish “No” votes redeem to a great extent the Jews of Germany who did not express themselves throughout their tragic martyrdom under the Nazi regime. The inmates of the Jewish hospital who said “No!” to Hitler have set an example which puts to shame the so-called radical elements that voted for Hitler, whatever the explanation, pretext or excuse may be.
Millions of Catholics and Protestants have also voted against Hitler.
Uneasy lies the head of the Reich Fuehrer as he contemplates the meaning of five million brave people opposing him so fearlessly. He surely knows that autocracies have been overthrown by very small groups of revolutionaries. He can have but little comfort from the fact that nine tenths of the votes were cast in his favor, for he knows under what conditions the “plebiscite” was conducted. The one tenth must worry him, for this one tenth will eventually liberate the German people from the scourge of both Hitler and Hitlerism.
Hitler’s Reichsbishop Mueller now hails his master’s victory as a victory over the Jews. “Hitler’s fight is a fight for Christianity against Jews, the most savage enemies of Christianity,” said the Nazi “spiritual” leader. To him Hitler is comparable to Jesus.
“As in the days of the old Christians, faith is equal to confidence,” he declared. “Jesus, preaching the gospel, pleaded for confidence. So did our Leader when he put the plebiscite as a question of confidence to the nation. We as true Christians had to give him our ‘Ja,’ as only our consent gives him the right to defend our religion.”
And he concluded by saying that the result of the election was “the beginning of the whole nation’s Christianity, since it had the courage to vote for and stand behind the leader in his fight against the Jews.”
The Reichsbishop, the Nazi church dictator appointed by Hitler, thus admits that Hitlerism is based solely on anti-Semi-itsm, and that the “beginning of the (German) nation’s Christianity” is marked by the Leader’s fight against the Jews.
What will the Christian world say now about Hitler’s new Christianity?”
U. OF P. GRADUATE
The first Jewish student at the University of Pennsylvania was matriculated in 1772.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Diesel – 与牛仔裤直接相关的品牌。他们可以说是牛仔裤的创造者，但却提供了更多的东西。你可以称他们为可持续发展的革命者，因为他们站起来反对大规模生产，并通过他们的运动 “UP – CYCLING “在时尚界开始了一步。创始人Renzo Rosso在23岁时创立了该品牌，并使其成为80年代的领先者。这是长期成功的开始，它导致了范围和商店的扩大。今天，该品牌销售男装和女装、香水、手表、鞋和配件。
DIESEL品牌的起源 – Renzo Rosso
Renzo Rosso于1955年出生在意大利的一个小省。在23岁时，这位意大利时尚企业家创立了他的品牌 “Diesel”。
在父亲的资助下，他买下了意大利企业家阿德里亚诺-戈尔德施米德的纺织公司Moltex的40%股份。他将其更名为Diesel，并在同一年推出了以牛仔裤为重点的男装系列。这个名字的灵感来自于现代世界的燃料 “柴油 “和国际上相同的发音。1985年，当年销售额超过500万美元时，戈德史密斯获得了50万美元的报酬。直到十年后的1989年，才增加了女装，这一年，该品牌的年销售额达到1.3亿美元。
最著名的系列是80年代到90年代的马鞍模型。与70年代不同的是，这股潮流是以狭窄的脚步结束的。
而在1994年，年轻的55DSL系列，在2015年被清算之前一直是畅销品。
该品牌也首先以其挑衅性、讽刺性的交流而闻名：多年来，迪塞尔的宣传活动不仅震惊、有趣和令人惊讶，而且还获得了奖项。1991年，长期开展的 “为了成功的生活 “运动已经启动。1995年，”接吻的水手 “广告图案显示两个男人在接吻。
一路走来，Rosso还创立了OTB–Only the Brave公司，除了Diesel之外还包括Maison Margiela（自2002年起）、Viktor & Rolf（自2008年起）、Brave Kid（儿童时装制造商，自2011年起）、Marni（自2012年起）和Staff International。OTB已经带来了近16亿欧元的收入，其中70%是由Diesel品牌带来的。
牛仔裤–通过牛仔裤的革命
永恒、性感和舒适–这就是承诺。裤子应该与所有东西搭配，这就是为什么它们有各种各样的材料、颜色和图案。最受欢迎的长裤是贴身牛仔裤，设计简单，由98%的棉制成。一个引人注目的设计，由浅蓝色复古水洗的弹性牛仔布制成，并以创新工艺在面料上应用了Diesel典型的点缀。激光破坏的细节、磨损和折痕与生态树脂涂层相结合，呈现出经典的酷感，而轻度的污垢效果则是最后的点缀。
你可以区分男性和女性的以下模式。
- 瘦身
- 瘦身
- 直线
- 锥形
- 胡萝卜
- 靴型
- 男朋友（仅适用于女性
- 宽幅（仅适用于女性
同样，可持续发展是一个优先事项，因为每一对都是用最少的化学品处理的，与传统方法相比，水的消耗减少了40%。此外，所有新的牛仔布都是在意大利设计和制造的。
“地球日，不仅仅是今天，而是每天。”
https://www.instagram.com/p/B_ZwEL-jsB0/
升级再造 – 可持续的时尚
迪赛公司创始人伦佐-罗索的儿子，是可持续发展大使和升级改造的艺术总监。凭借他的升级改造项目 “Diesel Upcycling For 55DSL”，Andrea Rosso不仅让他的父亲感到骄傲，而且还在2020年男装周上亮相。
除了收藏的可持续原则外，透明度也是一个重要的主题。每件来自 “Diesel Upcycling For 55DSL “的服装都有一个二维码，扫描该二维码后，可以将主人带到一个网站，在那里可以追踪到该服装的生产过程。”我们记录了从A到Z的生产过程，我们对每一个步骤都拍照。我们对每一个步骤都进行了拍照，而且可以通过洗衣单上的二维码来查看。包装也是50％的有机和回收的。
究竟什么是升级再造？
升级再造是一个创造性再利用的过程，是将现有产品、废弃材料和报废材料转化为新产品。这减少了原材料的消耗，降低了能源消耗、空气和水污染以及温室气体排放。
https://www.instagram.com/p/B81MXroq4rs/
香水 – DIESEL 只有勇敢的人
Diesel Only the Brave不仅是一款经典的香水，也是对女性的真正吸引力。你正在寻找一种强烈的香味，发出自信的信号。那么这款香水就很适合你。众多成分都是由三位香水设计师Massenet、Pierre Wargnye和Olivier Polge精心创作的。Diesel Only The Brave的秘密在于其东方的、木质的香调。这款香水的前调最初是由水果味的柑橘和柠檬组成。
辛辣的香菜、紫罗兰和雪松，以及皮革、琥珀和安息香构成了这款香水的基础调。一个紧握的蓝色拳头，有黄铜指节，银色字体的柴油机装饰着瓶子。这一创作的象征是力量和
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, ancak yükleme süreleri söz konusu olduğunda metinden daha ağırdır. Daha yavaş ağlara sahip olabilecek mobil kullanıcılar için görsel çekicilik ve hızlı yükleme süreleri arasında doğru dengeyi kurmalısınız.
Görsellerin e-postalarınızı yavaşlatmadığından emin olun. Bu, sorunsuz ve verimli bir iletişim süreci için çok önemlidir.
E-posta İçeriğini Kişiselleştirme
E-posta pazarlaması yalnızca e-posta göndermekten ibaret değildir. Bu aynı zamanda hedef kitlenizin seveceği ve değerli bulacağı kişiselleştirilmiş içerik oluşturmakla da ilgilidir. Bunu yaparak hem etkileşimi hem de iletilebilirliği önemli ölçüde artırabilirsiniz.
Kişiselleştirilmiş E-postaların Gücü
Daha önce size isminizle hitap eden veya geçmiş alışverişlerinize göre ürünler öneren bir e-posta aldıysanız, kişiselleştirmenin gücünü ilk elden deneyimlemişsiniz demektir. Bu sadece bir tesadüf değil – e-posta etkileşim oranlarını artırmak için kanıtlanmış bir stratejidir.
Peki bu durum teslim edilebilirliği nasıl etkiler? Basitçe ifade etmek gerekirse, alıcılar e-postalarınızla daha fazla etkileşime girdiğinde (örneğin, onları açarak veya içindeki bağlantıları tıklayarak), İSS’ler bunları kullanıcılarının gelen kutularında almak istedikleri yüksek kaliteli içeriğin işaretleri olarak görür.
Kişiselleştirmeyi İsimlerin Ötesine Taşımak
Alıcı adlarını konu satırlarına ve gövde metnine dahil etmek, hepimizin aşina olduğu bir kişiselleştirme biçimidir. Ancak kişiselleştirmede isimlerden çok daha fazlası söz konusudur. E-posta listenizi satın alma geçmişi, gezinme alışkanlıkları veya konum verileri gibi kullanıcı davranışlarına, yani markanızla etkileşim sırasında toplanan tüm veri noktalarına göre segmentlere ayırmayı düşünün.
Bu, her aboneyle son derece alakalı hissettiren hiper hedefli mesajlaşmaya olanak tanır. Unutmayın: alaka düzeyi etkileşimi artırır.
Etkili Kişiselleştirilmiş İçerik için Verilerden Yararlanma
Dijital çağımızda içeriği etkili bir şekilde kişiselleştirmenin tüm avantajlarından yararlanmak için gizlilik sınırlarını aşmadan müşteri verilerinden akıllıca yararlanmak gerekir – rızanın önemli olduğunu her zaman hatırlayın.
- Google Analytics gibi analiz araçlarını kullanarak müşteri davranışlarını yerinde analiz edin.
- Müşteri etkileşim verilerini toplamak ve analiz etmek için CRM araçlarını kullanın.
- Müşterilerinizden doğrudan girdi almak için anketler veya geri bildirim formları gönderin.
Bu stratejiler, içeriği bireysel tercihlere göre uyarlamak için gereken içgörüleri sağlayarak kişisel ve alakalı hissettiren e-postalar elde etmenizi sağlayabilir.
Spam Filtrelerinden ve Tuzaklarından Kaçınma
E-posta listelerinizi temiz tutmak, iyi bir teslim edilebilirlik sağlamak için çok önemlidir. Ama hepsi bu kadar değil. Spam tuzaklarını ve filtrelerini de aşmanız gerekir. Neyse ki, paylaşabileceğimiz bazı yararlı teknikler var.
Korkunç Spam Tuzağı
Öncelikle spam tuzağının ne olduğunu anlayalım. Karanlıkta görünmez bir ağa girdiğinizi ve varlığından bile haberdar olmadan ağa dolandığınızı hayal edin – evet, spam tuzakları tam olarak böyle çalışır.
E-posta hizmet sağlayıcıları bu gizli adresleri spam göndericileri suçüstü yakalamak için yem olarak kullanmaktadır. Bu bal noktalarından birine yanlışlıkla bir e-posta mı gönderdiniz? Oops. IP adresiniz “e-posta pazarlama” demenizden daha hızlı bir şekilde kara listeye alınabilir.
Temizlik: Satın Alınan Listelerden Veba Gibi Kaçının
Satın alınan listeler, aktif olmayan veya sahte hesaplarla dolu olmaları nedeniyle kötü bir üne sahiptir – bunlar, sert geri dönüşleri çeken ve kara listelere giren mıknatıslar gibidir.
Daha iyi bir yol mu? Web sitenizde, ziyaretçilerin yaptığınız işi sevdikleri için e-posta adreslerini isteyerek verdikleri abonelik formları kullanın (gurur verici değil mi?). Çifte katılımı da unutmayın; insanların e-postalarınızı istemeden göndermeden önce gerçekten istediklerinden emin olun.
E-posta Hijyenini Korumak Artık İsteğe Bağlı Değil
Hayır millet, bu her yemekten sonra fırçalamak veya günde iki kez diş ipi kullanmakla ilgili değil. Daha heyecan verici – posta listenizdeki kötü verileri düzenli olarak temizlediğinizi düşünün. Tıpkı yaşam alanınızı toparlamak gibi, güncel ve düzenli bir e-posta listesi tutmak da önemlidir.
Her birkaç ayda bir aktif olmayan abonelerden veya geri dönenlerden kurtulun – bu, e-posta teslim edilebilirliğini iyileştirmenin basit ama etkili bir yoludur.
Spam Filtresi Dansı: Soğukkanlı ve Rahat Olun
Spam filtreleri bugünlerde oldukça akıllı. Neredeyse onlar kadar zekiler.
E-posta Kampanyaları için En İyi Uygulamalar
E-posta pazarlama kampanyanızın başarısı birçok faktöre bağlıdır, bunlardan en önemlilerinden biri de teslim edilebilirliktir. Gelen kutularına ulaşma ve okuyucuların ilgisini çekme şansınızı artırmak için bu en iyi uygulamaları göz önünde bulundurun.
Doğru Frekansı Yakalamak
Çok sık e-posta göndermek yorgunluğa ve spam şikayetlerinin artmasına neden olabilir. Ancak yeterince e-posta göndermeyerek markanızın unutulmasına da izin vermeyin. Bir denge bulmak çok önemlidir.
Campaign Monitor tarafından yapılan bir araştırma, doğru sıklıkta e-posta göndermenin spam şikayetlerini önemli ölçüde azaltabileceğini ortaya koydu. Farklı programlarla denemeler yapın ve sizin için en uygun olanı bulmak için izleyicilerinizin geri bildirimlerini dinleyin.
‘Kimden’ Adınıza Dikkat Etmek
E-postalarınızdaki ‘kimden’ adı sadece markalaşmayla ilgili değildir; alıcıların e-postaları açıp açmamasında da rol oynar. İnsanların tanınabilir bir göndericiden gelen bir e-postaya güvenme (ve dolayısıyla açma) olasılığı daha yüksektir. Burada tutarlı bir marka kullanımı bu aşinalığın oluşturulmasına yardımcı olabilir.
Posta Listenizi Düzenli Olarak Temizleyin
Aktif olmayan adreslerle dolu eski bir posta listesi, e-posta göndericisi olarak itibarınıza zarar verebilir ve genel teslim edilebilirlik oranlarını olumsuz yönde etkileyebilir. Düzenli bir temizlik, yalnızca gerçekten ilgilenenlerin mesajlarınızı almasını sağlayarak açılma oranı ve tıklama oranları gibi etkileşim istatistiklerini artırmaya yardımcı olur.
Çifte Opt-In’e Odaklanma
Gmail kullanıcıları veya başka herhangi bir hizmet sağlayıcı gibi büyük İSS’ler tarafından belirlenen gelişmiş e-posta pazarlama teslim edilebilirlik standartlarına ayak uydurmak için, liste oluştururken çift katılım teknikleri kullanmanın etkili olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. İnsanların sizden e-posta almak istediklerine dair kanıt sağlarken daha az ciddi abonelerin filtrelenmesine yardımcı olur. Bu şekilde, spam tuzaklarından da kaçınmış olursunuz.
İSS Filtrelerini Anlama ve Saygı Gösterme
E-posta hizmet sağlayıcıları (İSS’ler) kullanıcılarını istenmeyen postalardan korumak için karmaşık filtreler kullanır. Bu filtreleri anlamak, e-postalarınızın filtrelerden sorunsuzca geçmesine yardımcı olabilir.
İSS’lerin kullandığı yöntemlerden biri, e-posta gönderenlerin IP adresi itibarını kontrol etmektir. Bu, herhangi bir spam tuzağına çarpmamak veya sık sık geri dönmek gibi iyi bir gönderme davranışını sürdürmenin IP itibarınızı geliştireceği ve ardından teslim edilebilirlik oranını artıracağı anlamına gelir.
E-posta Pazarlama Teslim Edilebilirliğini Geliştirmeye İlişkin SSS.
E-posta teslim edilebilirliğini nasıl iyileştirebilirim?
Temiz bir liste oluşturarak, gönderen adresinizi doğrulayarak, akılda kalıcı konu satırları hazırlayarak ve mobil uyumlu şablonlar oluşturarak e-posta teslim edilebilirliğinizi artırın.
Teslim edilebilirlik performansınızı artırmak için hangi üç stratejiyi kullanabilirsiniz?
İçeriği kişiselleştirerek, spam filtrelerinden ve tuzaklarından kaçınarak ve e-posta kampanyaları için en iyi uygulamaları benimseyerek iletilebilirlik performansınızı artırabilirsiniz.
E-posta gönderimimi nasıl hızlandırabilirim?
E-posta teslimatını hızlandırmak için sağlam bir IP itibarına sahip olun. Liste oluşturmak için çift katılımlı süreçler kullanın ve kara listeleri de düzenli olarak kontrol edin.
E-posta pazarlamasında teslim edilebilirlik nedir?
E-posta pazarlamasının “teslim edilebilirliği”, e-postaların engellenmek veya filtrelenmek yerine abonelerin gelen kutularına başarılı bir şekilde ulaşma oranını ifade eder.
Sonuç
E-posta stratejinizi yenilemek küçük bir iş değildir. Ancak, şimdiye kadar e-posta pazarlama teslim edilebilirliğini artırma konusunda güçlü bir anlayışa sahip olmalısınız.
Abonelik formları aracılığıyla temiz listeler tutmak ve bunları satın almamak – bu hayati önem taşır. Kampanyalarınıza doğru bir başlangıç sağlar.
Daha iyi itibar için gönderen adreslerini yetkilendirme? Evet! Bunu rutin sürecinizin bir parçası haline getirin. Akılda kalıcı konu satırları mı hazırlıyorsunuz? Yapılması gereken bir şey!
Akıllı telefon çağımızda mobil uyumlu şablonların değeri göz ardı edilemez, bu nedenle bu hususu unutmayın.
Tercih merkezlerini kullanmak ve kara listeleri düzenli olarak kontrol etmek gibi en iyi uygulamaları izleyerek spam tuzaklarından ve filtrelerinden kaçınmak o kadar da zor değildir.
E-posta dağıtımını iyileştirme yolunuz bu adımlarla yeni başlıyor…
Oraya çıkıp o oltayı atmaya hazır mısınız? DirectIQ’ya bugün ücretsiz kaydolun!
Adrian is a specialist in researching and implementing email marketing for businesses of all sizes. He’s particularly knowledgeable and focused on the niches and nuances of eCommerce email marketing, and he chose to work with DirectIQ as he knows that segmentation can make or break a successful email marketing campaign.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I wonder if there is anyone who might be able to help with an identification...
I bought some red grapes from Sainsbury's (I am in England) - the grapes are produce of Spain.
I've just discovered a blacky/brown spider with quite striking yellow markings along the body.
Does anyone know what it might be/ if it's poisonous?!
CLOSED: Spider found in with grapes!
This spider is a cobweb/comb-footed spider (family Theridiidae) in the genus Steatoda; likely Steatoda grossa. Often called the false widow spider, it is capable of inflicting a painful if mishandled - see http://tinyurl.com/23ladu6 for images and more detailed information. Just for the record, with the exception of one small family (Uloboridae), all spiders have venom glands and therefore technically are venomous. However, only a very few species have both potent enough venom and large enough fangs to pose any threat to human health.
Thank you for the quick response!
I guess I won't be getting any compensation after all!
I agree with suunto, in my opinion this is a false widow. Just to make a "plus" to his wonderful explanation: However a very few species have the "abiltiy" to life threat humans with their poison, is good to remeber that some people are allergic to bug bites and, although spiders are not tecnically "bugs", their bite can do iniciate a allergic process. So, be careful.
Sorry for my bad english, I'm not a native.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Arctic sea ice has hit its lowest extent ever recorded, according to the US-based National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, and Norwegian, Danish and other government monitoring organisations.
With possibly two weeks' further melt likely before the ice reaches its minimum extent and starts to refreeze ahead of the winter, satellites showed it had shrunk to 4.1m sq km (1.6m sq miles) on Sunday. The previous record of 4.3m sq km was set in 2007. The Guardian reported earlier this month that such a record low was likely to be hit imminently.
NSIDC scientist Walt Meier said: "This is an indication that the Arctic sea ice cover is fundamentally changing."
"The previous record, set in 2007, occurred because of near perfect summer weather for melting ice. Apart from one big storm in early August, weather patterns this year were unremarkable. The ice is so thin and weak now, it doesn't matter how the winds blow," said the NSIDC director, Mark Serreze.
The record is widely seen by scientists at the NSIDC and elsewhere as a strong signal of long-term climate warming.
"The Arctic used to be dominated by multiyear ice, or ice that stayed around for several years," Meier said. "Now it's becoming more of a seasonal ice cover and large areas are now prone to melting out in summer," said Serreze.
"These figures are not the result of some freak of nature but the effects of man-made global warming caused by our reliance on dirty fossil fuels," said John Sauven, the Greenpeace UK director.
"These preliminary figures provide irrefutable evidence that greenhouse gas emissions leading to global warming are damaging one of the planet's critical environments, one that helps maintain the stability of the global climate for every citizen of the world," said Sauven.
Arctic sea ice follows an annual cycle of melting through the warm summer months and refreezing in the winter. It has shown a dramatic overall decline over the past 30 years.
"Record-breaking ice minimums are becoming the new normal," says Clive Tesar of WWF's global Arctic programme. "We're breaking records on a regular basis as the sea ice continues its decline."
According to many scientists, the sea ice plays a critical role in regulating climate, acting as a giant mirror that reflects much of the sun's energy, helping to cool the Earth.
The formation of the sea ice produces dense saltwater, which sinks, helping drive the deep ocean currents. Without the ice, many scientists fear this balance could be upset, potentially causing major climatic changes.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>یک کشته و نه زخمی در حادثه تصادف نمایندگان مجلس در منطقه آزاد چابهار
سخنگوی اورژانس ایران اسامی مصدومان و تنها جان باخته حادثه تصادف در چابهار را اعلام کرد.
مجتبی خالدی سخنگوی اورژانس ایران با اشاره به تصادف زنجیره ای در چابهار گفت: «این حادثه تصادف صبح امروز بین 3 دستگاه خودرو و یک کامیون در ساعت 10:22 اتفاق افتاده است.
ایلنا روز پنجشنبه 29 اکتبر 2020 نوشت: «در این حادثه تصادف نیز تعدادی از نمایندگان مجلس و منطقه آزاد چابهار حضور داشتند.»
سخنگوی اورژانس ایران با بیان اینکه در این حادثه 9 تن مصدوم شدهاند، که یک نفر از مصدومان درمان و مرخص شده است.
به گفته خالدی یک نفر از مصدومان در بیمارستان جان خود را از دست داد. وی اسامی مصدومان این حادثه را به شرح زیر اعلام کرد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>L' "Amleto" che mettono in scena Angelo Pedrone e Francesca Pennini, con la compagnia Collettivo Cinetico, è comico, coinvolgente e originale. Il protagonista della più lunga tragedia di Shakespeare? Sarà decretato dal pubblico, che interagisce e si rende partecipe della sorte dei personaggi tra sfide di mimica, ginnastica, sequenze coreografiche, corse e abilità canore. I quattro personaggi, scelti dal web, affrontano un'estenuante competizione per poter interpretare il ruolo di Amleto. Lo spirito di Shakespeare si inserisce alla fine, sulle note di Šostakovič, quando il trionfatore viene annunciato ed entra a far parte di un ciclo che si conclude con la morte. Come nell'originale shakespeariano, dopo il decesso dei suoi precedenti sfidanti, anche Amleto muore. L'opera originale analizza i temi della vendetta, della morte e della follia, mentre questo è uno spettacolo comico sul piano della creazione e dell'interpretazione che analizza la sfida, l'inventiva, l'ironia e la metafora della morte, intuibile per chi ne conosce la storia: Il fantasma del defunto re appare ad Amleto, suo figlio, e gli chiede di essere vendicato. Ad ucciderlo è stato infatti il fratello Claudio che si è ora appropriato del trono e ha sposato la vedova moglie del re, Gertrude. Il principe assicura di tener fede alla promessa ma, desideroso di avere la concreta prova della colpevolezza dello zio, decide di ritardare il momento della vendetta. La certezza che lo zio sia responsabile della morte del padre gli viene quando, durante uno spettacolo teatrale, mette in scena l'omicidio del defunto re e Claudio, indignato e al contempo impaurito, si alza e se ne va. Recandosi a parlare con la madre per giustificare il proprio comportamento, Amleto uccide per errore Polonio, consigliere del nuovo re e padre di Ofelia e Laerte.
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着极端化方向发展，评论区各种奇奇怪怪的洗地言论十分荒唐可笑，不论他们如何伪装成国内网友口吻发言，寻找各种各样的借口声称国内还有和他们观点一样的人存在，这就好比 “神经病的眼里别人全是神经病，他们自认为别人与他们是一类人” 一样的可笑，本质上是为了伪装成国内舆论，为他们将来继续污染网络环境创造有利条件。
二、有细心的网友追踪了几个黑华为的神秘 IT 大 V 轨迹，居然也跑去打女拳（真是男女不分啊！雌雄合体），更搞笑的最近还跑去支持乌克兰、反战、反俄（这又是几个意思,？），你说他们黑华为的专业内容是无可挑剔、字字诛心，可毕竟国内也没几个男性 IT 工程师会对打女拳兴趣浓厚吧。这说明 1450 在 IT 专业化方面非常高，有勾结海外的 IT 同行协同作案，要警惕他们大概率未来还会继续作恶。毕竟在知乎上，“黑华为” 这方面舆论完全被 1450 掌控，一直保持着神挡杀神、佛挡杀佛的良好状态。
三、在知乎上，仔细分析 1450 的行动轨迹，发现他们是一个 “任务型” 组织，与美国拜登政府的反华反俄政策事件同步。
比如；这次俄乌冲突中，1450 作派简直就是一部精心策划的传播学的行为艺术表演。
他们分六步操作：
1、揭开俄罗斯历史黑幕。
2、挑起中俄历史上国土之争。
3、敢于大声比较乌克兰的历史和现在。
4、大量支持乌克兰的文案持续不断推出，持续造势。
5、坚持在评论区大吐口水。
6、善于火中取栗，取得正面舆论战场的优势。
有网友评论：他们几乎要上高地了，哪知道菜菜子不给力断电了。
要不然，“黑华为”、“打女拳” 的舆论战失败经历将会再次重演。
也说明，我们面对的是一群职业网络部队，特别是在传播学上有极高造诣。
四、在知乎上，仔细分析 1450 的大量文案的引流现象，坚持不删除评论、内部小圈子互相点赞等等怪异行为。我们发现他们又是一个 “业绩驱动型” 的企业组织。可能依据考核绩效的标准如下：
阅读量占 10% 权重。
互动趋势（评论数）占 10% 权重，——（特指对他们有利的评论数量）
点赞数量占 80% 权重。
这些考核与奖金挂钩，底薪保持不动，约 22K 新台币左右。
至于大 V，他们有更高薪酬和奖励，有专门单独的办公室或居家工作。当然，这个标准是按照他们的业绩来评定的。
他们内部有一套像企业一样的晋升标准；
职员→经理→总监→CEO，
不同类型的人物享受不同待遇。
所以，可以肯定，1450 在国内是没有分支机构和个人的，毕竟肥水不流外人田，业务在湾岛内部就可以完全消化，如果发展到国内反而很容易暴露和查获。这也是为什么湾岛一停电，国内舆论就消停的主要原因。
五、在评论区里，非常搞笑的事情发生了。许多 1450 疯狂的辱骂和威胁，必定是触动了他们的核心利益和敏感神经。
重点中的重点——千万不要点赞，要点击反对，坚持在知乎里面向知乎管理员多次 “举报”1450 的文章，对于他们来说就是毁灭性打击。
因为，只要足够多数量的反对发生，那么 1450 写的大量文章，要么沉入底部无人问津，没了点击率和点赞，业绩不好看。要么，这些文章被举报大量被删除，他们的工作成果归零。
为了我们清洁的网络空间，烦请广大网友动动您的指头多多点击举报功能，让 1450 永远滚进历史的垃圾堆吧！
2022 年 3 月 16 日 追更二
《对 1450 刨坟式分析》：这是对戾气乖张的 1450 灵魂上的致命一击。
如果没有让湾仔闻风丧胆的 PLA 保护我们哈，恐怕 1450 们真的要气炸来，会开着机车杀到国内来灭口。这篇文章炸出的 1450 比知乎任何地方都要多，闻着味来的，形形色色的老中青 1450 全部赤膊上阵；有辩经的、有吐口水的、有造谣的、还有扣帽子的。但对我们而言，他们全都是乐色，哈哈….
一、根据对 1450 国内的渗透跟踪分析，这不是简单的 1450 从台湾的溢出效应，而是有美国 NGO 全球颜色革命组织在幕后遥控指挥，我们分析如下：
1. 经过十几年颜色革命的浸淫，NGO 对网战的经验十分老辣。他们是属于战略管理层面，并建立一套 “绩效管理考核模型”，根据每次任务的结果进行数据量化分析。比如：制造大量跟帖、评论、形成流量泡沫。再根据点赞数量、回复数量、浏览数量、对国家政策走向的影响等等，进行综合评估，然后得出投入多少资金，达到多少效果的结论，以模拟下次攻击任务更提升一步。所以我们发现在知乎上，1450 每次任务出场都十分有气势，与上一次比较有明显的物种强化的视觉冲击感。
2.NGO 并不是一咕脑的把 5 亿美元打到 1450 账上。对 1450 一直是遵循喂狗式的管理：就好比捕猎打仗，一旦把狗喂的太饱，狗的灵敏度就会降低，并且食多伤神，狗吃饱后像人一样撑的懒惰，在半饱处于危机中，就有了生存斗争的激情。所以，我们看到网络上的 1450 总是斗志昂扬、戾气乖张、到处造谣生事，一副网络恶棍的模样，跟这套管理机制有莫大关系。
二、我们对 1450 内部分配机制也进行了细致分析，发现他们呈现一个 “金字塔式的食物链” 分配机制，严格遵循 80/20 法则。类似电信诈骗组织，看着乌泱泱一片，几十万人很热闹，但实际既得利益者并不多，具体参考如下：
1. 头部 1450 只占总数量的 0.01%（大约几十人左右），他们分食 50% 的收入。他们属于资源分配、组织、策划方。他们基本不产生内容制作，但他们收获最大蛋糕。比如：台湾网军博主 “乌鸦 DoKa TV” 被曝光年收入达到 1 亿新台币，等。
2. 腰部 1450 大约占到 20% 左右，他们分食 30% 的收入。他们是内容制造者大 V，专职工作人员，以及专业喷子、业余刷单者等等。根据职务高低获取的报酬由高到低。目测，在知乎上的 1450 属于这个类型。
3. 底部 1450 大约占到 80% 左右，他们分食 20% 的收入，基本上只起到造势、起哄作用的，打打秋 风，挣个几百几千台币零花钱，还有一些是跟风的无收入者。
知乎用户 知乎用户 2rtauI 发表
首先，都是侵略。
至于美国为啥没受到制裁呢？
一是美国实力强大，别国制裁不动，制裁反而受伤害的是他自己。
第二是美国这些年侵略的都是边远地区，和处在亚欧大陆两端的中欧没直接冲突。没冲突这就意味着中欧不会怎么在意，更不可能会为了这些国家去对抗美国，顶多就谴责一下而已。而中欧都不在意，光凭中东非洲那些国家能怎么样？
第三则是美国这些年的战争在亚欧大陆，大家都知道美国不可能吞并这些国家，顶多就是弄个亲美政府，这样对地缘环境的改变不会太大，想一下，如果美国跑到欧洲来直接把波罗的海三国吞了，直接让其成为美国三个州会怎么样。恐怕法德直接就炸了。
其实如果俄罗斯只是轰炸轰炸乌克兰，然后顺势扶持亲俄政府的话，欧洲反应也不至于这么激烈。国家之间总体还是看利益的，乌克兰民众死了，欧洲默哀下，随便应付下就完事了。
但直接吞并就不一样了，吞并会直接改变地缘状况，而且俄罗斯还在乌克兰旁边，吞并极有可能是永久性的。
这就是欧洲反应如此大的原因，俄罗斯如果是在中东，非洲打打，也同样屁事都没有。如果打乌克兰也是轰炸完就退，不侵占土地，也同样没多大事。
欧美根本不在乎俄罗斯侵略不侵略，根本不在乎乌克兰人民死活，在乎的是你将乌克兰吞了，改变了地缘环境。尤其是那几个小不溜秋的北约小国。
俄罗斯打格鲁吉亚时没吞并土地，所以连制裁都没制裁。为啥呢，还不是因为格鲁吉亚位置不在西边，而且俄罗斯也没吞格鲁吉亚。
侵略与否，乌克兰百姓被压迫，人权这一类的原因也不能说是没有，但决定各国决策的其实不是这个。真正问题还是俄罗斯搞吞并，想一劳永逸地改变自身战略环境。
俄罗斯嘴上说着不吞并乌克兰，但身体却是很诚实的。公投独立都搞好几波了，或许以后乌克兰土地有一半都要进了俄罗斯胃里面。
知乎用户 知乎用户 ilTpLM 发表
任何国家侵略别国都叫侵略，美国侵略其他国家当然属于侵略，俄罗斯自己那一方当然管这个叫打击，但是怎么样你都别想洗白侵略行为。
知乎用户 你快乐吗 发表
都是侵略，没什么不一样。
知乎用户 周欣宇 发表
年纪稍微大点的人都知道（也可以去网上搜旧新闻）“美国入侵伊拉克”“美国入侵阿富汗”，从来都是我们的官方口径，民间也都是这么说的
知乎用户 pcpc456789 发表
一战以后，美帝揍人不占地，毛子揍人，那你的领土和出海口就要小心了。
知乎用户 为谁乄执著 发表
你是中国人吗？难道连搜索都不会吗？
知乎随便搜索下伊拉克战争美国的罪行，你都可以看到一堆中国人在骂美国，伊拉克战争哪里不叫侵略？
你看不到外网，你可以自己翻墙看下，
外网一样骂美国伊拉克战争赤果果侵略，你以为洗衣粉说法是国内创的？拜托，外网这个说法都 N 年前的事了。
知乎用户 徐坤 发表
你如果跟美孝子对线，可以这样问。
但如果你跟普通人对线，这样问一点说服力都没有。因为普通人看来，两者都是侵略。
但是，我是精苏。在我看来：美国是侵略。而俄罗斯理论上拥有乌克兰的弱宣称，而乌克兰现在处理内乱状态，所以弱宣称有效，不算侵略。
不要跟我谈什么人民苦难，我脑子笨，不懂这个，我就知道一点——有宣称就有资格统一。比如中国有台湾的弱宣称，而台湾当政的是女人（而所有智商低的都可以视为儿童），所有有效！
知乎用户 江南春水 发表
但个人还是觉得俄罗斯发动的这场战争比老美还可恶。
老美打了伊拉克，打了阿富汗，发动了很多战争，杀害了无数平民，可是美国没想着把对方并入美国领土。
当然，一来战争地离美国太远，二来就是对方全民想加入美国也不一定想要，因为在美国人看来让这些穷逼加入美国是占美国社会便宜，给公民待遇吧，美国觉得自己吃亏，免不了约定新加入没有投票权等。
总之不管任何原因，老美对领土野心不大。
俄罗斯就算了，长眼睛的都知道俄罗斯就是想兼并邻国，你要真是为了保护俄语公民权利，反纳粹，攻进去把纳粹灭了换一个好的政府就行了，了不起让你驻军，玩公投兼并这套，恶心，特别恶心。
个人观感比老美打伊拉克恶心一万倍。
都 21 世纪了，还玩领土夸张这套，恶心，逆潮流而动，注定没有好下场。
知乎用户 夜雨寄北 发表
当然不一样啦！
这得看是谁掌握话语权了
比如在我家
我不吃香菜、芹菜、茴香，所以不管是我妈做饭，还是老婆做饭，都默认不放香菜，我自己做饭就更不用说了
其实根本就不买香菜、芹菜、茴香
偶尔我爸做顿饭，他会切两根香菜，我妈还会阻止
我女儿生的西红柿她吃，炒到菜里、放进汤里的西红柿，她都不吃
我们全家都爱吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，但我女儿就不吃
我女儿爱吃烤鸡腿，我们家其他人喜欢清炖的鸡块
像清炖的排骨啊、小鸡炖蘑菇啊，我女儿一概不吃
所以我们家吃饭，几乎是顿顿苦口婆心，恨不得把菜塞到孩子嘴里
孩子都麻木了，你们说破大天，我自巍然不动
大人们又跳脚了 “大人跟你说话，你都不回答，还懂不懂礼貌了？！”
所以你看，这件事情本质上是一样的
我和我女儿都有爱吃的、不爱吃的东西
我不爱吃的，大家都默契的不做
孩子不爱吃的，那就是挑食、偏食
尤其是亲戚聚会，各种大人，各种吐槽孩子挑食、偏食，不好好吃饭，司空见惯
其实按照这种逻辑，我也挑食、偏食
但就是没人吐槽我，为啥？
是因为什么对错吗？
才不是
因为孩子她没有话语权啊！
知乎用户 非专业保险中介 发表
问题在于谁定义 “侵略”？
大多数情况下，西方文明定义了这个事。大漂亮国做事，先按西方规矩来走流程，流程走不通的时候就改改流程。实在走不通了，拉一波小弟走别的流程。所以大漂亮国做的事儿再离谱，也很难被定义成 “侵略”。
俄罗斯就没这个待遇了，你是不是侵略不重要，我说你是你就是。就算你不是，我改改名词定义，你就是了~ 如同我说你有大规模杀伤性武器，你就是有。我说你囚禁了 100 万新疆人做苦工，你就是囚禁了。
知乎用户 李某某 发表
当然是因为，谁是正义谁是侵略这个话语权是欧美盎撒白皮制定的。
知乎用户 cj5016 发表
身为中国人，
我有必要跟汉奸宣战！
我支持俄罗斯，
因为美国是我们的敌人，
北约和美国一伙的。
今天同美国一道反对俄罗斯的，等我们收腹台湾时，还会跟随美国一起对付我们！
俄罗斯倒下以后，他们的刀子就会朝向我们，那怕我们不收复台湾，他们也会搞我们！
我认为，支持乌克兰的要么是煞笔，要么就是汉奸！
不要跟我谈正义，国际法，国际舆论，联合国投票数据，因为美国不跟我们讲正义！因为美国主导了这一切！
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به فرصت های زیادی برای اتصال تبدیل می شود. شبکه های شارژ عمومی شامل سه نوع پایانه: 240 ولت پایانه ، پایانه های جریان مستقیم سریع (BRCC) و سوپر شارژر تسلا.
محدودیت های عمومی را پیدا کنید
برای شناسایی پایانه های شبکه های مختلف شارژ ، الکتروموبیلیست ها می توانند با یکی از برنامه های تلفن همراه ارائه دهنده این سرویس مشورت کنند. بیشترین استفاده در کبک کاربرد است مدار الکتریکی که پایانه های آن و شبکه های شریک و برنامه را مشخص می کند بار که شامل پایانه های همه شبکه های عمومی است.
این دو برنامه همچنین یک عملکرد برنامه ریزی سفر را ارائه می دهند ، برای طولانی ترین سفرها مفید است. الکتروموبیلیست بین مقصد خود و برنامه با در نظر گرفتن وسیله نقلیه ثبت شده ، گزینه های شارژ در مسیر را مشخص می کند. این برنامه ها همچنین امکان تأیید وضعیت پایانه های هدفمند (به عنوان مثال در دسترس یا استفاده) را ممکن می سازد).
یک شبکه در حال گسترش
شبکه به طور مداوم رشد می کند. در تابستان سال 2022 ، بیش از 7000 ایستگاه شارژ عمومی در کبک وجود دارد ، از جمله بیش از 1200 پایانه سریع. شبکه مدار الکتریکی Hydro-Québec به تنهایی دارای 917 پایانه سریع است ، در حالی که شبکه Supercharger Tesla دارای 250 است.
شبکه های اصلی عبارتند از:
همچنین به شبکه جدید توجه داشته باشید شارژ شده, در پایان سال 2020 با همکاری با سوپر مارکت های IGA راه اندازی شد.
انواع پایانه های عمومی
بسته به سفرهای آن ، توقف برنامه ریزی شده و سازگاری وسیله نقلیه آن ، الکتروموبیلیست بین یک ترمینال 240 ولت ، یک ترمینال جریان مستقیم سریع (BRCC) یا برای وسایل نقلیه تسلا ، یک سوپر شارژر انتخاب می کند.
پایانه های عمومی 240 ولت
- سازگار با تمام وسایل نقلیه قابل شارژ.
- دو قیمت: جلسه (بین 0 تا 10 دلار) یا به موقع (1 تا 3 دلار).
- شارژ سرعت در هر ساعت شارژ 30 تا 40 کیلومتر.
- شارژ به نام “مقصد”, به طور کلی برای توقف بیش از یک ساعت.
- در هنگام شارژ: خرید ، وعده های غذایی رستوران ، سینما ، بازدید از یک سایت توریستی ، شب در هتل و غیره.
- گاهی اوقات در پارکینگ های تشویقی برای حمل و نقل عمومی نیز چنین پایانه هایی وجود دارد.
- سازگار با وسایل نقلیه کاملاً برقی با درگاه بار سریع.
- وسایل نقلیه هیبریدی قابل شارژ با BRCC سازگار نیستند ، به جز PHEV Outlander Mitsubishi.
- شارژ سرعت 150 تا 200 کیلومتر در هر ساعت شارژ. ترمینال های فوق العاده و بیشتر در حال ظهور هستند ، تقریباً 300 کیلومتر در هر ساعت شارژ. با این حال ، فقط چند مدل بسیار اخیر می توانند برای لحظه ای از آن استفاده کنند.
- برای توقف به طور کلی کمتر از یک ساعت ، در سفرهای عالی.
- در هنگام شارژ: میان وعده ، خرید یا پیاده روی در محیط اطراف.
سوپر شارژر تسلا
- فقط با وسایل نقلیه تسلا سازگار است.
- قیمت گذاری متغیر بسته به مدل ها و بسته ها.
- شارژ سرعت 300 تا 400 کیلومتر در هر زمان شارژ.
- برای توقف به طور کلی کمتر از یک ساعت ، در سفرهای عالی.
- در هنگام شارژ: میان وعده ، خرید یا پیاده روی در محیط اطراف.
شیوه های خوب در محدوده عمومی
فضاهای نزدیک ایستگاه های شارژ برای وسایل نقلیه شارژ برقی رزرو شده است. پس از اتمام جلسه شارژ ، باید وسیله نقلیه را برای دسترسی به ترمینال جابجا کنید.
فضاهای رزرو شده برای شارژ. این قانون است !
از 18 مه 2018 ، ماده 388.1 از کد ایمنی جاده تصریح می کند که “فقط وسایل نقلیه جاده برقی و […] هیبرید قابل شارژ را می توان در منطقه ای که برای شارژ انرژی رزرو شده است بی حرکت کنید […] اگر آنها به ایستگاه شارژ وصل شوند”. متخلفان به جریمه 100 تا 200 دلار محکوم می شوند.
در هنگام شارژ نیازی به ماندن در نزدیکی وسیله نقلیه نیست. الکتروموبیلیست پایان تخمین زده شده زمان شارژ شده توسط خودرو یا در استفاده از ترمینال را یادداشت می کند تا حتماً قبل از پایان برگردد. اما پس از اتمام جلسه شارژ ، باید وسیله نقلیه خود را جابجا کنید تا دسترسی به ترمینال را آزاد کنید.
توصیه: حداکثر 80 ٪ در BRCC
در پایانه های شارژ DC (BRCC) ، توصیه می شود که هنگام افزایش سطح باتری ، شارژ مجدد را متوقف کنید ، زیرا سرعت شارژ با نزدیک شدن به این نقطه کاهش می یابد.
از آنجا که شارژ عمومی در هر دقیقه صورتحساب می شود ، بیش از 80 ٪ بیشتر و گران تر می شود.
اگر به انرژی بیشتری احتیاج دارید ، ادامه شارژ در ترمینال 240 ولت ممکن است سودمندتر باشد. اگر BRCC دیگری در سفر در دسترس باشد ، گزینه مؤثر این است که در راه خود ادامه یابد تا دوباره دوباره شارژ شود. بنابراین ، شارژ سریع در شرایط بهینه انجام می شود ، در عین حال کاهش مدت زمان و هزینه.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>【正见网2006年09月07日】
【出处】
《论语・里仁》：“子曰：‘参乎，吾道一以贯之。’曾子曰：‘唯。’子出，门人问曰：‘何谓也？’曾子曰：‘夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。’”
【注释】
贯：串、贯通。
【释义】
现代释义：原指孔子的忠恕之道贯穿在一切事物中。后亦泛指一种思想或理论贯通始终。
【旁通】
1、《老子》四十二章：“道生一、一生二、二生三、三生万物。”
2、《论语・颜渊》：“己所不欲，勿施于人。”
3、《说文解字》：“一，惟初太始，道立于一，造分天地，化成万物。”
【辨析】
1、一、十、士
在易经卦象中，阳爻就是类似汉字“一”的形状，按《说文》的意思，这一划就造分天地，化成万物。十呢，看起来是“一”上再添了一笔“|”，《说文》解的是“数之具也，‘一’为东西，‘|’为南北，则四方中央备矣。”而佛经传入中国后，翻译中也常常用“十方”来形容他们眼中的宇宙，这样看来，“一”和“十”笔画简单，内涵实则都很洪大，也由此可见汉字造化的神奇。士呢，古人讲能“推一及十”就是士，所以能称为“士”的人也是真正不简单的。由此而知，孔子所说的君子、士，也都非现代人道德败坏后形成的观念认识。
2、孔子的道
《史记》中记载了孔子问礼于老子的一段话，老子说：“子所言者，其人与骨皆已朽矣，独其言在耳。且君子得其时则驾，不得其时则蓬累而行。吾闻之，良贾深藏若虚，君子盛德，容貌若愚。去子之骄气与多欲、态色与淫态，是皆无益于子之身。吾所以告子者，若是而已。”
如果这段话确为老子所说，那么老子已经明明白白的讲出来了孔子的“道”的表现，就是“其人与骨皆已朽矣，独其言在耳。”而从孔子对老子的评价，“其犹龙邪”来看，孔子还是很推崇老子的，而孔子一生都“志于道”，那么他和老子讲的道有什么区别呢？从古至今，仁者见仁，智者见智，众说纷纭。
再看看这样一个事实，曾子，即曾参，是仅次于颜渊的孔子的最杰出弟子，颜渊早死，曾参当然是继承孔子衣钵的最佳人选。我们可以想象一下，也许孔子与曾参关于“吾道一以贯之”的对话就是在这样的前提下发生的。
但从逻辑上来讲，曾子在不具备和孔子同样境界的前提下，是不可能明白孔子讲出话的全部内涵的，所以即便是孔子真的讲出道来，曾子也只能站在他的境界中理解一点。那么，如果孔子不是说的道，又是什么呢？
佛经中有个拈花微笑的故事，说的是释迦牟尼当初在灵山的一次法会上，用手拈一枝波罗蜜花遍示众徒，众徒皆不解，唯有大迦叶破颜微笑，于是大迦叶便成了传承释迦牟尼佛法的印度禅宗初祖。
比较一下，孔子的做法和释迦牟尼当年的做法颇有些相似，“一以贯之”在门人听来实在有些莫名其妙，这和释迦拈花示众而众徒不解如出一则。那么，曾参为什么又告诉他们，“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”呢？很显然，如果孔子的门人们都能听懂孔子的话，曾参肯定不用再讲什么，所以，曾参只是以自己的理解在讲，那么他再讲出来的话肯定就和孔子讲的有出入了。
退一步讲，孔子一生讲出的道，难道只有“忠恕”么？大家公认的，“忠恕”、“仁”是孔子一生所行、所讲的核心。笔者倒是认为，这个关键就在一个“行”字上，用什么来指导行？可不可以这样理解，用“忠恕”的道理来指导自己的言行，就能逐渐达到“内圣外王”的境界呢？而孔子要告诉曾子的，是否可以理解成，曾参，你知道如何达到我（孔子）讲的最终道的途径么？
关于这个假说，我们可以再对比一下，释迦牟尼也好，孔子也好，在世的时候都没有亲自流传下任何文字的东西，佛经与《论语》都是他们不在世之后，由弟子们整理出来的，那么整理时针对谈话的对象、各种的因素都没有了，还可能有遗漏，也是造成后人在理解与传承上偏差的一个原因。而根据佛经的记载，释迦牟尼在涅~"的时候，他的弟子问他，师尊，您走以后，我们以谁为师，释迦牟尼就说，以戒为师。
那么实际上，释迦牟尼给弟子真正留下的是能够达到圆满境界的戒律，这也是符合释迦牟尼那一门“戒、定、慧”修炼的要求的。而孔子一生讲的话也肯定不只《论语》里所记载的那一点，但仅仅是这流传至今的就有规范的做人的道理，也告诉了士、君子、圣人的一些表现，那么达到这不同标准要求的关键可能就是“仁”，就是“忠恕”。
说到这儿，我们再看看这个“贯”字，古人计量钱财，常常说一贯钱，铜钱呢，是用绳子串起来的，那么，是什么把孔子的道串起来的呢？还是孔子讲的道串起来了什么？其实不管是佛家还是儒家都讲究个人境界的升华提高，儒家讲修身，佛家讲解脱，相对来讲，知道道是什么其实并不重要，因为那是境界升华后，水到渠成的结果，重要的反而是如何才能渐渐的达到道在不同境界的标准要求，这也是能真正明了道的前提。这样看来，“一以贯之”在修炼中的内涵就呼之欲出了。
关于以上《论语》中原文的内涵，也许学者在不断修身的前提下，自己会从原文中理解到更多的内涵，笔者妄言，仅供参考而已。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>برجام توقع دولتمردان را برآورده نکرد/ تمرکز دولت در سال پایانی به اقتصاد مقاومتی و مبارزه با فساد باشد
وی با بیان این که تنها شرط موفقیت و پیروزی ایران اسلامی اتکا به ظرفیت ها و استعداد های درونی کشور است، تصریح کرد: بخشی از دولتمردان به برجام و مذاکرات هسته ای دلخوش بودند اما باید در نظر داشته باشیم که مطابق با بیان و کلام مقام معظم رهبری تا به ظرفیت های درونی کشور اتکا نکنیم هرگز پیروز نخواهیم شد.
فعالیت دولت در حوزه اقتصاد مقاومتی چشمگیر نبود
عضو شورای شهر مشهد با بیان این که دولت تدبیر و امید آنطور که باید بر ظرفیت های درونی کشور در حوزه اقتصاد تأکید نکرد، گفت: متاسفانه با توجه به تأکید رهبری در حوزه اقتصاد مقاومتی که به شعار سال نیز نام گرفت، فعالیت عملی چندانی در این حوزه صورت نپذیرفت.
عضو کمیسیون زیارت شورای اسلامی مشهد با اشاره به عملکرد دولت در حوزه فرهنگ، بیان کرد: بی شک فرهنگ زیربنای حرکت، تلاش و پیشرفت کشور است و اگر بتوانیم فرهنگ دینی، ملی و ارزشی خود را نهادینه کنیم، مشکلات در پی آن به تدریج حل و فصل می شود.
حجت الاسلام اخلاقی با بیان این که دولت فعلی به پشتوانه ظرفیت های فکری و نخبگانی کشور باید موفق تر از امروز عمل می کرد، یادآور شد: امروز هنجارهایی در حوزه آسیب های اجتماعی همچون آمار بالای طلاق و اعتیاد و سن بالای ازدواج نگرانی هایی را ایجاد کرده است که دولت باید برای حل و فصل بخشی از آن نسبت به تجمیع دستگاه های متولی اقدام می کرد اما اینگونه نشد.
باید برخورد دولت با فیش های حقوقی نجومی قاطع تر می بود
وی با بیان این که مسأله فیشهای حقوقی نجومی مطابق با بیان مقام معظم رهبری خدشه مهلکی را به اعتماد مردم زد، خاطرنشان کرد: برخورد دولت با فیش های حقوقی نجومی می توانست قاطع تر و شفاف تر باشد و باید دولت اطلاع رسانی قوی تری را در این باره به مردم داشته باشد.
عضو شورای شهر مشهد با بیان این که مطابق با نظر و عقیده کارشناسان دولت بدون دلیل و در نظر گرفتن واقعیت های موجود به حوزه مذاکرات هسته ای و برجام دل بست، تأکید کرد: این دلبستگی زمان زیادی را از این دولت گرفت و امروز بیش از سه سال از آغاز دولت تدبیر و امیدی که می خواست تا در روز صدم مشکلات را حل و فصل کند، گذشته است.
لزوم تمرکز به توانمندی های درونی در حل مشکلات کشور
حجت الاسلام اخلاقی افزود: هرگز نمی گوییم برجام اثری نداشت اما توقع دولتمردان را برآورده نکرد و در این راه تیزبینانی چون مقام معظم رهبری بارها درباره خوشبین نبودن به مذاکرات هسته ای هشدار و انذار هایی را داده بودند زیرا که خوی استکباری دشمنان و تجربه ۳۷ ساله بعد از انقلاب اسلامی برایشان مبین این ادعا است که مذاکره با دشمنان نتیجه ای ندارد.
وی پیام اصلی مذاکرات هسته ای را عدم اعتماد به غرب و آمریکا عنوان و بیان کرد: بدون شک برای حل مشکلات کشور باید نگاه و تمرکزمان به ظرفیت ها و توانمندی های درونی کشور باشد زیرا که ایران اسلامی هم به لحاظ نیروی انسانی و هم نعمت های خدادادی چون معادن و منابع زیرزمینی کشور ثروتمندی تلقی می شود.
شعار «ما می توانیم» مبدل به شعار همگانی در عرصه های ملی شود
عضو کمیسیون زیارت شورای اسلامی مشهد لازمه فایق آمدن بر مشکلات را اتکا بر ظرفیت های کشور خواند و ابراز کرد: باید همه شعار «ما می توانیم» را مبدل به شعار همگانی در عرصه های ملی و بین المللی کنند.
نمره پایین دولت تدبیر و امید در نقد پذیری و سعه صدر
حجت الاسلام اخلاقی با بیان این که دولت تدبیر و امید از نظر سعه صدر و نقدپذیری نمره چندان خوبی را دریافت نمی کند، اظهار کرد: هر دولتی، دولت پیش از خود را متهم به عدم نقدپذیری می کند که مبین این ادعا شعار های انتخاباتی کاندیداها است.
عضو شورای شهر مشهد افزود: مردم انتظار سعه صدر بیشتری را از دولتمردان دارند و در جامعه پویا باید انتقاد و خرده گیری جریان داشته باشد، چرا که منجر به رشد و سازندگی در جوامع نخبگانی و دانشگاهی می شود؛ در حقیقت فضای انتقاد جز این است که دولتمردان تنها در سخنرانی های خود اظهار نظر کنند بلکه بی سواد خواندن مردم پس از اظهار نظر نیز مصداقی از عدم نقد پذیری است.
وی با بیان این که مسؤولان و متولیان امر باید با سعه صدر بیشتری به سخنگویی بپردازند،
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بود که رئيس جمهور جرج دبليو بوش تصميم گرفت بر شمار سربازان آمريکا در عراق بيافزايد و بيست و يک هزار و پانصد سرباز اضافي تازه نفس را به آنجا روانه کند. سياست نظامي آقاي بوش و تأکيد مجدد وي بر امتيازات خاص مقام خود در اين زمينه نمودار اختيارات رئيس قوه مجريه (و فرمانده نيروهاي مسلح) آمريکا در زمان جنگ است و تلويحا نشان مي دهد که کنگره هرگاه بخواهد در اين زمينه خاص با استراژي کاخ سفيد به مقابله برخيزد با چه زورآزمائي دشواري روبروست.
از جنگ جهاني دوم تا زمامداري آقاي ويليام کلينتون، هربار که موضوع اختياراتي مطرح بوده که قانون اساسي در امور مربوط به جنگ تفويض کرده، کنگره در برابر «فرمانده کل قوا» عقب نشسته است. چنين است که تقريبا تمام رؤساي جمهور همواره بر اختيارات خويش در اين حوزه تأکيد ورزيده اند. نمونه هاي زيادي نمي توان يافت که کنگره توانسته باشد اختيارات قانوني خود را اعمال کند مگر در وضعيت خاص ميان سال هاي ۱۹۷۳ تا ۱۹۷۵ که رسوائي واترگيت، بسيج جنبش هاي خواستار صلح و پيامدهاي مصيبت بار گسترش جنگ ويتنام به تمامي منطقه هندوچين، به تضعيف کاخ سفيد انجاميده بود و کنگره با بهره گيري از چنان فرصتي توانست با خودداري از تأمين هزينه پيگيري و تشديد عمليات نظامي، پايان جنگ را تحميل کند. با نگرش به چنين رويه حقوقي مي توان بهتر به ميزان سختي کار برخي از برگزيدگان کنگره پي برد که داعيه مهار کردن فرمانده کل قوا را دارند.
در اصل، قانون اساسي آمريکا به نيت بنياد نهادن يک نظام مهار قدرت و ايجاد تعادل ميان سه شاخه دولت ملي ايالات متحده (از راه نظارتي متقابل) که قوه قضائيه را نيز در بر مي گيرد نگارش يافته بود. بنيانگذاران قانون اساسي در باره جنگ و گسيل نيروي نظامي به بيرون از مرزهاي کشور به روشني گفته اند که هيچ رئيس جمهوري نمي تواند نيروهاي مسلح را بدون حمايت صريح کنگره در جنگي درگير سازد، مگر در حالتي فرضي که ايالات متحده ناچار به «دفع حمله اي ناگهاني» بشود. ناگزير سواي امتيازات ديگر نظامي که کنگره از آن برخوردار است، مسئوليت «اعلام جنگ»، «سربازگيري و حمايت از نيروها»، «ايجاد و نگهداري يک نيروي دريائي» و «فراهم آوردن موجبات دفاع جمعي» را نيز به وي واگذارده اند (۱).
مشورتي صرفا ظاهري
چنانکه تجزيه و تحليل هاي تاريخي مباحثاتي که هنگام تصويب قانون اساسي انجام گرفت نشان داده، هرچند وظيفه فرماندهي کل قوا به رئيس جمهور واگذار گرديده اما کنگره همچنان صلاحيت هاي چندي در امور نظامي را براي خود حفظ کرده است. کنگره همچنين اهرم هاي گوناگوني براي محدود ساختن آزادي عمل رئيس جمهور در زمان جنگ در اختيار دارد، البته به شرط آنکه مصمم به استفاده از آنها بشود. مهم تر از همه اختيار کنترل و در نهايت قطع منابع مالي لازم براي انجام عمليات نظامي است (۲).
در جريان نخستين صده و نيم حيات جمهوري آمريکا، کنگره موفق شده بود در برابر زياده خواهي هاي رئيس جمهور، از اختيارات جنگ که قانون اساسي به وي اعطا کرده است صيانت کند (۳). اما از جنگ جهاني دوم به اين سو و آغاز جنگ سرد، نمايندگان مجالس دوگانه آمريکا در بهره جوئي از اين ابزار کنترل دودل بوده اند. هنگام جنگ ويتنام در دوران زمامداري رئيس جمهور ريچارد نيکسون (۱۹۷۴- ۱۹۶۹) هنگامي که بر کنگره آشکار گرديد که وزير دفاع وي پنهاني بمباران کامبوج را سازمان داده است، رغبت چنداني نشان نداد که با اعمال محدوديت هاي اکيد فرمانده کل قوا را در تنگنا بگذارد تا از تکرار عمليات مشابهي خودداري ورزد (۴).
در سال ۱۹۷۳ کنگره با ناديده گرفتن وتوي رئيس جمهور نيکسون، طرح قانوني اختيارات جنگ را از تصويب گذراند که رئيس جمهور را ملزم ساخته است پيش از آغاز عمليات نظامي و هنگام چنان عملياتي با کنگره «مشورت» کند (5). اين قانون همچنين تصريح کرده است که عمليات بيرون از مرزها بدون تصويب کنگره نمي تواند بيش از مهلتي شصت روزه ادامه يابد. اما ترتيبات سختگيرانه اين قانون آشکارا در باز داشتن کاخ سفيد موثر نبوده است. رؤساي جمهوري از آنها به نفع خويش برداشت کرده اند و به جاي «مشورت» با کنگره، عموما به همين خرسند بوده اند که اندکي پيش از به راه انداختن عمليات نظامي، چند تن از مجلسيان با نفوذ را «آگاه» سازند.
مثلا در سال ۱۹۸۹ رئيس جمهور جرج هربرت واکر بوش (۱۹۹۳- ۱۹۸۹)، کنگره را فقط پنج ساعت پيش از آغاز نبرد از تصميم خويش براي تجاور به پاناما آگاه ساخت. در سال ۱۹۸۶ رئيس جمهور رونالد ريگان (۱۹۸۹-۱۹۸۱) سه ساعت پيش از شروع بمباران ليبي در برابر گروه کوچکي از نمايندگان مهم مجلس از طرح خود پرده برداشت. در مورد تجاوز به جزيره گرانادا در سال ۱۹۸۳، هيچگونه مشاوره واقعي به ميان نيامد. به همين منوال هنگامي که رئيس جمهور دموکرات جيمز کارتر (۱۹۸۱- ۱۹۷۷) عملياتي را در سال ۱۹۸۰ با استفاده از تکاوران ويژه براي آزاد ساختن گروگانان آمريکائي در ايران براه انداخت که به شکست دردناکي انجاميد، اندرز هاي اعضاي حزب خود را ناشنوده گذاشت و از نظرات کنگره نيز نگراني چنداني به خود راه نداد (که ياران دموکرات وي در آن اکثريت داشتند) (۶).
بدينگونه فرماندهان کل قوا چه از حزب دموکرات و چه جمهوريخواه کم و بيش به طور منظم قانون راجع به اختيارات جنگ را نقض کرده اند و هرگاه که لشکرکشي هائي براه افتاده کنگره نيز مهياي مدارا با پيگيري عمليات نظامي بوده است (۷). به تدريج که خاطره سؤ استفاده از قدرت در ماجراي واترگيت بدست فراموشي سپرده مي شود، هرچه سيطره و اختيار قوه مجريه استواري بيشتري يافته، کنگره نيز از امتيازاتي که قانون اساسي در امور نظامي بر عهده وي گذاشته بيشتر رويگردان شده است (۸). اين وضعيت همچنين وجه مشخص هشت سالي است که پيش از دولت کنوني بوش سپري شد.
در دوره زمامداري آقاي کلينتون (۲۰۰۱- ۱۹۹۳)، مسئولان بلندپايه کاخ سفيد هموار مدافع اين نظر بودند که به موجب اختياري که به فرمانده کل قوا تفويض گرديده است، وي مي تواند بدون رضايت قبلي کنگره نيروي نظامي را به کار گيرد. چه در دستور بمباران عراق در چندين نوبت، چه در تصميم به اعزام ده هزار سرباز آمريکائي به هائيتي در سال ۱۹۹۴و يا پرتاب موشک ها در سال ۱۹۹۸به سوي مخفي گاه هاي فرضي آقاياسامه بن لادن، نحوه اقدام رئيس حمهور به امري عادي و معمولي تبديل شده بود (9).
اما شايسته است در دو مورد دخالت نظامي درنگ کنيم: بوسني در سال ۱۹۹۵ و کوسوو در سال ۱۹۹۹. هنگامي که ايالات متحده در بوسني نيروي نظامي به کار برد، شوراي امنيت سازمان ملل متحد و سازمان پيمان اتلانتيک شمالي (ناتو) هردو به صراحت بر اين تصميم صحه نهادند. از حدود سه هزار و پانصد مأموريت بمباران ناتو عليه نيروهاي صرب بوسنيائي، اکثر بمب ها را نظاميان آمريکائي فرو ريختند. رئيس جمهور کلينتون براي توجيه اين اقدام نزد نمايندگان کنگره آمريکا تأکيد کرد که وظائف فرماندهي کل قوا اختيار چنان بمباران هائي را بدون لزوم حصول نظر موافق قوه قانونگذاري به وي سپرده است (۱۰). در آن زمان کنگره که اکثريت آن با جمهوريخواهان بود، در باره مطابقت اين تصميم با قانون اساسي سخني به ميان نياورد تا نخست نتايج سياسي آن را بسنجند. بدنبال آن هنگامي که دولت کلينتون به هزاران سرباز آمريکائي مأموريت داد در صفوف نيروهاي نگهبان صلح ناتو در بوسني جاي گيرند، نمايندگان جمهوريخواه نظر موافقي «نه نسبت به سياست [کاخ سفيد] بلکه، به حمايت از سپاهيان (۱۱)» ابراز داشتند. هرچند آنها در پي آن بودند که از مسئوليتي شانه خالي کنند که قانون اساسي بر عهده آنها گذاشته است، اما با چنين سلوکي مي خواستند تجلي نماديني از وطن پرستي خود و «حمايت از سپاهيان» را به نمايش بگذارند.
همين ابهام (يا دورويگي) در رفتار کاخ سفيد نيز بروز يافت. پيش از بمباران هواهي صربستان بدست نيروهاي ناتو (از ماه مارس تا ماه مه ۱۹۹۹)، آقاي کلينتون ابراز تمايل کرده بود که دخالت آمريکا به تائيد کنگره باشد. با اينهمه نهايتا مستقل از اراده نمايندگان کنگره وي همزمان از اختيار عمل خويش بهره جست. بدينگونه رئيس جمهور بدون آنکه بخواهد پيشينه اي به جاي گذارد که اختيارات نظامي رئيس قوه اجرائي را در موارد مشابه به خطر اندازد، به پشتگرمي[کنگره] اميد بسته بود (۱۲). مجلس نمايندگان در اين مورد خاص ترجيج داد که موضعي نگيرد و باين خشنود باشد که دست رئيس جمهور را باز بگذارد.
وقتي بمباران ها را براه انداختند، آقاي توماس کمپبل نماينده جمهوريخواه کاليفرينا (و استاد پيشين حقوق)، عضو سرکش حزب، هنگام شور اول با درخواست عقب کشيدن تمام نيروهاي آمريکائي از منطقه نبرد کوشيد اختيارت کنگره در باره جنگ را بيازمايد. سپس در شور دوم او درخواست کرد که کنگره به صربستان اعلان جنگ بدهد. بدينسان آقاي کمپبل اميدوار بود بگذارد دادگاه ها (و در نهايت ديوان عالي) در باره سازگاري سياست آقاي کلينتون در باره يوگسلاوي با اختياراتي که قانون اساسي به وي داده بود داوري کنند. وي که از پشتيباني در صحن رهبري حزب خويش و به همان اندازه در صفوف دموکرات ها محروم مانده بود، چاره اي جز پذيرش شکست پياپي دو لايحه پيشنهادي خود نديد. نمايندگان دموکرات هم طرحي را براي پشتيباني از مشارکت نظاميان ايالات متحده پيشنهاد کردند، اما رأي کافي جمهوريخواهان براي تصويب آن به دست نيامد (۱۳).
بطور خلاصه، کنگره که اکثريت آن با جمهوريخواهان بود به سازگاري اقدام رئيس جمهور دموکرات با قانون اساسي اعتراضي نداشت اما از آن پشتياني هم نمي کرد ... بسياري از نمايندگان دموکرات، از جمله آقاي ريچارد گفارت رئيس گروه پارلماني حزب هم اعلام کردند که به نظر آنها در حالي که نبردها ادامه داشت، اظهار عقيده کنگره در باره مطابقت بمباران ها با موازين قانوني اساسي نابجا و بي هنگام مي نمود (۱۴).
چنين نمائي از کنگره که ذهنيت جانبدار خود را به اثبات مي رسانيد، اما سرانجام به اعطاي نظر موافق خود به رئيس جمهور رضايت مي داد، مشخصه کنش متقابل ميان قوه اجرائي و قوه مقننه در مسائل مربوط به اختيارات جنگ است که درک بهتر مورد کنوني عراق را نيز ميسر مي سازد. زيرا همين ذهنيت حزب گرا هم اينک هم بروز يافته است، اما اينبار نمايندگان جمهوريخواه اند که وانمود مي کنند که کنگره (با اکثريت دموکرات) از اقتدار مصرح قانون اساسي برخوردار نيست که به کجتابي با عزم فرمانده قوا برخيزد، گيريم که قانون اساسي چنين اختياري را تجويز کرده باشد. هنگامي که سناتور ادوارد کندي افزايش کنوني تعداد نيروي نظامي آمريکا در عراق را به رأي موافق اعضاي کنگره منوط ساخت، بسياري از برگزيدگان دموکرات نيز با اين عضو برجسته حزب خود به مخالفت برخاستند. چندين رهبر دموکرات سازگاري چنين پيشنهادي با قانون اساسي را برنتابيده اند که البته خيال کاخ سفيد را در انجام طرح هاي خود آسوده ساخته (۱۵).
بازگذاشتن دست دولت آمريکا در ايران
در واقع در دوران اخير تقريبا هربار که يک رئيس جمهور ايالات متحده سپاهياني را به خارج گسيل داشته، کنگره از اعمال امتيازات خويش صرف نظر کرده و بطور کلي فقط به همين خشنود بوده است که اعتراض هاي نماديني را بر زبان آورد و يا قطعنامه هائي به انتقاد از رئيس کشور تصويب کند که اثر باز دارنده اي بر آنها مترتب نيست. اکنون نيز در همچنان به همان پاشنه مي چرخد. گنگره از بيم اتهام خودداري از فراهم ساختن منابعي که سپاهيان نياز دارند، بر سر آن نيست که از تصويب اعتبارات نظامي روي برتابد که رئيس جمهور خواستار آنست. روز ۱۷ دسامبر، مجلس ابتدا تظاهر به مخالفت با اين امر کرد و سپس، روز بعد آن را پذيرفت.
در مورد ايران چندين نماينده کنگره تهديدات پي در پي رئيس جمهور بوش که از هيچ گزينه اي نمي گذرد را سرزنش کرده اند. با اينهمه در بهار گذشته از اکثريت دموکرات مجلس نمايندگان برنيامد که قطعنامه اي را تصويب کنند که بتواند رئيس جمهور را وادار سازد پيش از توسل به زور عليه تهران نظر موافق کنگره را بدست آورد. خانم شلي برکلي نماينده دموکرات نوادا به اين مناسبت خاطر نشان ساخت که «اکنون وقت آن نيست که دست و بال خود را ببنديم. اگر با تهديد به اقدامي نظامي موضعي بسيار سخت عليه ايران در پيش نگيريم، اين کشور ما را جدي نخواهد گرفت».
زيرنويس ها
۱- قانون اساسي ايالات متحده، ماده يک، بخش هشتم. نگاه کنيد به جيمز مديسون، يادداشت هاي مباحثات در کنوانسيون فدرال سال ۱۷۸۷ (چاپ دوباره ۱۹۶۶، انتشارات دبليو دبليو نورتون، نيويورک، ۱۹۸۷).
۲- چارلز آ. لوفگرن، «دست يازيدن به جنگ به موجب قانون اساسي: تفاهم اوليه»، مجله قانون ييل، شماره ۸۱، نيو هي ون (کنکتي کات)، ۱۹۷۲، صفحات ۷۰۲-۶۷۲.
۳- فرانسيس دي. ورموث و ادوين ب. فيرماج، به قلاده بستن سگ جنگ، اختيارات کنگره درباره جنگ از چشم انداز تاريخ و حقوق، چاپ دوم، انتشارات دانشگاه الينويز، اوربانا، ۱۹۸۹.
۴- جان هارت الي، جنگ و مسئوليت: درسهائي از جنگ ويتنام و پيامدهاي آن از منظر قانون اساسي، انتشارات دانشگاه پرينستون، ۱۹۹۳.
۵- کنگره با اکثريت دوسوم آراء هردو مجلس خود، مي تواند وتوي رئيس جمهور را بي اثر سازد.
۶- روبرت ا. کاتزمن، «اختيارات جنگ: بسوي يک کدخدا منشي تازه» در توماس اي. مان (زير نظر)، مشکل توازن: رئيس جمهور، کنگره، و سياست خارجي، انتشارات مؤسسه بروکينگز، واشنگتن دي. سي.، ۱۹۹۰.
۷- در مورد جنگ سال ۱۹۹۱ خليج فارس برعکس، کنگره به پشتيباني چندين نماينده دموکرات از رئيس جمهور جورج هربرت واکر بوش راه اندازي عمليات نظامي را تصويب کرد.
۸- در باره اين مفهوم گسترده تر
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Uzay turizmi esas olarak dünya dışındaki yerleri ziyaret etmeyi ifade eder. Diğer turizm türlerinden farklı olarak, bu tür turizm nispeten hala birçokları için bir rüyadır. Uzay yolculuğunun kendisi, insanın ilk önce uzay uçuşlarını denemesinden ve daha sonra aya inmesinden bu yana 40 yıldan fazla bir süredir var olmuştur.
Teknolojisi, turizmle ilgili diğer herhangi bir teknolojiden radikal olarak farklıdır-belki de uçak ortaya çıktığında olduğu gibi nispeten yeni bir sınır olduğu için – bu nedenle, hükümetin ve birkaç kurumun yetkisi dahilinde kalır.
Uzay araştırmaları, insanın sınırsız uzay kaynaklarını anlama ve kullanma arayışıyla motive edilir. Hükümetler genellikle askeri, bilimsel ve iletişim amaçlı uzay faaliyetlerine hükmetmiştir.
Uzay sorunları söz konusu olduğunda uzun yıllara dayanan çalışma ve pratik yapan uzmanlar, tanınan tek sestir. Geçtiğimiz otuz yıl boyunca, sıradan insanlar, herhangi bir turistin hedefini engelsiz bir şekilde araştırdığı gibi, araştırma için halkın ne zaman açılacağını görmek için izlediler.
Bu uzay turizminin doğuşudur. Uzay turizminin kendisi yönetmek için kolay bir girişim değildir, çünkü böyle bir turizm girişimi için geniş gereksinimler, dünya koşullarından çok farklı teknoloji ve koşulları içerir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How to Say “Dark Circles” in Spanish
Dark circles are a common cosmetic concern that many people experience. These dark discolorations under the eyes can make a person appear tired, aged, or unhealthy. If you’re learning Spanish or simply want to know how to discuss this topic with Spanish-speaking individuals, it’s essential to learn the correct translation for “dark circles” in Spanish. In this article, we will explore different ways to express this term in the Spanish language.
Translation of “Dark Circles” in Spanish
In Spanish, there are several ways to convey the concept of “dark circles.” Let’s explore some common translations and their usage:1.
The most common and widely used translation for “dark circles” in Spanish is “ojeras.” This term is used throughout the Spanish-speaking world and is universally understood. You can use this word in various contexts and situations when discussing dark circles under the eyes.2.
Manchas oscuras alrededor de los ojos
Another way to describe dark circles in Spanish is “manchas oscuras alrededor de los ojos,” which translates to “dark spots around the eyes.” This phrase provides a more detailed description of the condition and can be used when discussing the physical appearance of dark circles.
To help you understand the usage of these translations, here are a few example sentences:1. Tengo ojeras muy pronunciadas. (I have very pronounced dark circles.)2. Estoy buscando un producto para reducir las manchas oscuras alrededor de los ojos. (I am looking for a product to reduce the dark spots around my eyes.)
When discussing dark circles, it can be helpful to know some related terms. Here are a few additional Spanish words that might be useful:1.
Bolsas debajo de los ojos
This phrase translates to “bags under the eyes” and refers to the puffiness or swelling that can accompany dark circles.2.
“Ojos cansados” means “tired eyes” and can be used to describe the overall appearance of exhaustion or fatigue around the eyes.3.
Corrector de ojeras
If you’re looking for a specific product, “corrector de ojeras” refers to “concealer for dark circles.” This term is commonly used in the beauty industry.
In conclusion, the term “dark circles” in Spanish can be translated as “ojeras” or “manchas oscuras alrededor de los ojos.” These phrases are widely understood and can help you communicate effectively when discussing this cosmetic concern. Additionally, knowing related terminology like “bolsas debajo de los ojos,” “ojos cansados,” and “corrector de ojeras” can further enhance your ability to discuss this topic in Spanish. Remember to practice using these terms in context to improve your language skills and fluency.
Semi Circle in Spanish<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>成语名称：安民告示
成语读音：
成语解释：安定人心的布告。现也指把要商量的或要办的事情预先通知大家。
成语出处：清·金念劬《避兵十日记》：“嘱两县速出安民告示，谕令店铺照常开张。”
成语造句：开会要事先通知，像出安民告示一样，让大家知道要讨论什么问题，解决什么问题，并且早做准备。（毛泽东《党委会的工作方法》）
成语用法：偏正式；作谓语、定语；形容提前通知人做好准备
常用程度：常用成语
感情色彩：中性成语
成语结构：偏正式成语
成语正音：民，不能读作“mǐn”。
成语形式：ABCD式的成语
安民告示的意思是安定人心的布告。现也指把要商量的或要办的事情预先通知大家。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Taking care of one’s health seems to be but a buzz. Thus, the cycle of these mainstream health buffs, gurus, and fitness influencers goes on and on. The tedious work to be extra weary is important because not everything new is accurate. Or perhaps maybe you have been preoccupied with it already and have shoveled off and neglected some of the basics. In any case, here are a few old but gold nuggets of health wisdom and some recent but lesser-known facts which you can utilize both for you, your loved
ones, and your fellow health enthusiasts.
Choose your food wisely.
There should be a balanced input of the essential food groups in our diet. Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, packed with immune boosters and dietary fibers. Dietary fiber acts as a sort of cleansing agent of your body and carries out most of this gunk stuck inside the bowels. The prescribed allocation based on the United States Department of Agriculture’s last published guidelines is 400 grams or roughly five portions. It is also advisable to reduce salt, sugar, alcohol, and harmful fat. The prolonged and sustained consumption of food products with high rates of these mentioned elements increases the individual’s chances of developing obesity and heart disease.
Shun away from tobacco.
The World Health Organization has tabulated the census for deaths from tobacco usage to be at eight million each year, with around seven million constituting from direct tobacco use and the rest of the percentage resulting from second-hand smoke. Tobacco takes up to half of its users into smoke. There is nothing positive to say about smoking except that the more you puff, the more you end up disappearing into thin air as fast as those puffs go.
Seek available medical tests.
An important step in keeping a healthy lifestyle is getting yourself tested. Some usual health exams that are readily offered to the public are diagnosing tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV, and sexually transmitted infections. Having to establish a problem early on can initiate steps on how to proceed to the treatment, thus ultimately preventing further damage and complications that can arise from leaving it as it is. In health matters, it is always better not to be left in the dark.
Practice the vampire sneeze maneuver.
Yes, we’re not young anymore to be reminded of it. Several highly contagious infections are being transmitted through the air. Among these are influenza, tuberculosis, and pneumonia. It is common courtesy not to share your germs with the person next to you. In the same way, remind others to do the same.
Having to cover one’s mouth with the top of the elbow before coughing or sneezing restricts those disgusting fluids from shooting out at unwilling victims; thus, maybe this entire pandemic might have been evaded, eh?
Green for go, red for stop.
Follow laws on traffic safety. Over 1.35 million people die across the world from road accidents, with the majority dying from crashes involving motorcycles, bicycles, cars, buses, trucks, and more than half being innocent pedestrians. There isn’t anywhere you need to rush to more important than where you are breathing right now, so go ahead and slow down on that yellow light. Traffic accidents are highly preventable through the regulations that local government agencies already put in place.
Be a friend who listens.
Depression is a common illness, both silent and at times unrecognized and plagues millions worldwide. The Global Change Data Lab has tallied approximately 792 million documented cases in Our World Data Project.
Globally, the World Health Organization has pinned more than 264 million people of all ages to suffer from depression currently. Between 76% to 85% of individuals in low and middle-income countries get no treatment despite its availability in most public resources.
The most resource-friendly way to keep anxiety away is to become a willing friend to others and allow others to be the same. Proper support systems promote healthy communications that channel the bad vibes out. If the burden is too much, never shy away from seeking professional help.
Oral health promotes optimal health.
In the Middle Ages, civilizations built moats around their castles and entrances to keep enemies at bay. The same holds with your mouth. The mouth serves as the entrance to the digestive and the respiratory tract. Improper care for this entrance can trigger bacteria’s growth, which could lead to oral infections such as tooth decay to gum disease.
Complications of oral disease can be aggravated further and linked to endocarditis or the infection of the heart’s inner chambers, pneumonia or the infection of the lungs, and other cardiovascular ailments.
A person who feels that they have neglected their responsibility in keeping their oral hygiene in check should immediately consult a dentist so that they may fit you with the proper set of orthodontics for your needs.
New trends tend to overshadow previous ones, and somehow the fad, the diet you have been following before, might not sit well in current trends. In the next new trendy wellness craze, you ought to be more confident because you now have a metric to elevate your decision-making and rule out nuances.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Pressed wood products such as particle board are the main source of irritating formaldehyde fumes in trailers used to house disaster victims, according to a U.S. government report to be released on Wednesday.
Such temporary housing should be designed with better ventilation, the report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggests, and current health and safety standards may not be enough to protect people.
“Even though construction materials meet standards ... you have to be a little bit careful about how you use those construction materials. You could end up fostering high levels of formaldehyde,” said CDC spokesman Glen Nowak in a telephone interview.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency said 15,000 people displaced by hurricanes Katrina and Rita along the U.S. Gulf Coast in 2005 are still living in such trailers.
FEMA spokesman James Kaplan said a few dozen mobile homes were being sent to people displaced by flooding in Iowa, but they had been tested for low formaldehyde levels.
The CDC contracted with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California to cut open several trailers and measure concentrations of formaldehyde and other irritating chemicals known as volatile organic compounds.
“We refer to it internally as the chain saw study,” Nowak said. “We went beyond formaldehyde and looked at levels of other volatile organic compounds.
Unsurprisingly, they found that processed wood products such as particleboard and plywood were the main source of formaldehyde. They did not find other chemicals at significant levels.
Formaldehyde, used to manufacture many building materials, can irritate the skin, eyes, nose and throat. High exposure levels may cause cancer.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development identified particleboard and plywood as one of the largest sources of formaldehyde emissions in 1985 and set standards for manufactured homes to limit them.
Nowak said all the relevant agencies would meet to discuss what to do.
“It has implications for FEMA as FEMA looks at emergency housing. One of the factors they need to consider is indoor air quality and the construction materials used in the ventilation systems,” Nowak said.
An earlier CDC study showed average formaldehyde levels in trailers and mobile homes was about 77 parts per billion — high enough to raise the odds of cancer and respiratory diseases.
The Manufactured Housing Institute said gypsum board was now used in 95 percent of walls and ceilings in manufactured housing.
Michael McGeehin, director of the Division of Environmental Health Hazards at CDC, said the findings only applied to trailers distributed by FEMA in the Gulf Coast Region.
“However, taken together, the two studies indicate that manufacturers of travel trailers and the government agencies that influence their design, should consider using construction materials that emit lower levels of formaldehyde as well as designs that increase outside air ventilation,” McGeehin said in a statement.
The U.S. House of Representatives Oversight and Government Reform Committee plans a hearing on the issue next Wednesday.
Editing Alan Elsner and Will Dunham<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Bu sezon Stoke kalecisi Simonsen ve Hull City kalecisi Myhill'in Tottenham'a karşı maç alan performansları efsaneleşmişti. Bu kez Tottenham kalecisi Heurelho Gomes iki maç üst üste kalesinde devleşti. Arsenal'e karşı 4 dakika içerisinde 3 gol çıkardı, cumartesi akşamı da Lampard'ın şutunu kurtararak çok kritik bir anda tabelanın değişmesini engelledi. Bugün için her şey güzel olsa da geriye dönüp baktığımızda Gomes'e dair ''Kaleci futbolcunun aptalıdır.'' sözünün doğruluğunu onaylayan hadiseler serisiyle karşılaşırız. Juande Ramos'un transferi Gomes, geçtiğimiz sezonun başında yaptığı fantastik hatalar nedeniyle topun ağzına gelmişti. Redknapp sezon devam ederken Gomes'i kovmak yerine kaleci antrenörünü değiştirme yolunu seçmişti. Yerine daha tecrübeli birini aradılar, önce Cesar'ı sonra da Cudicini'yi getirdiler. Bu sezon takımla birlikte Gomes de iyi başladı, ama sakatlandı. Bir süre yerini Carlo Cudicine'ye kaptırdıktan sonra Ekim ayının ortalarından itibaren kaleyi devraldı. Sezon boyunca pek çok maçta hatasız oynadı. Bugünlerde takıma uydu, formunun zirvesine çıktı. İki maç sonra yeniden en başa dönebilir, ama bir gün gelir standart üstü kaleci performansıyla dahi kazanamayacağınız maçı Gomes sayesinde kazanbilirsiniz. Öyle ilginç bir kalecidir, Guus Hiddink'in has adamıdır.
Noat Samisa
18.04.2010<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>To use all functions of this page, please activate cookies in your browser.
With an accout for my.bionity.com you can always see everything at a glance – and you can configure your own website and individual newsletter.
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An evolutionary lineage is a sequence of species, that form a line of descent, each new species the direct result of speciation from an immediate ancestral species. Lineages are subsets of the evolutionary tree of life. Lineages are often determined by the techniques of molecular systematics.
Additional recommended knowledge
Phylogenetic representation of lineages
Lineages are typically visualized as subsets of a phylogenetic tree. For example, the tree in Figure 1 shows the separation of life into three ancient lineages: bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. Thus a lineage is a single branch of the tree. Phylogenetic trees are typically created from DNA, RNA or protein sequence data. Sequences from different individuals are collected and their similarity is quantified. Mathematical procedures are used to cluster individuals by similarity.
Just as a map is a scaled approximation of true geography, a phylogenetic tree is an approximation of the true complete evolutionary relationships. For example, in Figure 1, the entire lineage of animals has been collapsed to a single branch of the tree. However, this is merely a limitation of rendering space. In theory, a true and complete tree for all living organisms or for any DNA sequence could be generated.
|This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Lineage_(evolution)". A list of authors is available in Wikipedia.|<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>July 16, 2019 – One day, you see a forecast calling for sun, so you don’t bother to pack an umbrella. But just your luck: Clouds tumble in and suddenly you’re stuck in a rainstorm. Now you’re soaking and looking for someone to blame.
In this case, you’ve experienced the variability of weather. Weather is the mix of events that happen every day in our atmosphere. Meteorologists develop models to forecast atmospheric conditions based on past data. But weather isn’t the same thing as climate. Read on for critical points about the difference.
1. The difference between weather and climate
A meteorologist’s daily forecast focuses on weather. Meteorologists generally say that forecasts become less reliable if they go beyond a week or perhaps 10 days. Climatologists, on the other hand, define climate as the average weather over a 30-year period and over a much larger geographic area.
The climate of a place is characterized by the type, frequency, duration, and intensity of weather. (A cable TV host has joked that climate really is just a combination of thousands of “tiny weathers.”)
2. Think of climate as your personality and weather as your mood
Michael Mann, a Penn State professor of atmospheric science, compares weather to mood and climate to personality. Say you’re usually a friendly person. But one time, you run into an unexpected traffic jam and get road rage. Understandably, your mood fluctuates, so one extreme event won’t change your personality. But imagine you move to Los Angeles, get caught in traffic every day, and develop a habitat of yelling at passing cars. Now you might have a problem.
“Someone who becomes more and more irritable over time is experiencing a change in personality, just like a long-term drift toward warmer and more extreme weather reflects climate change,” Mann said. (Another common metaphor used by many climate science communicators goes like this: “Weather informs us on what clothes to wear that day. Climate informs us on what kinds of clothes we should have available in our wardrobes for use year-round.”)
Collectively, the increase in extreme weather can indicate a changing trend. “Just like a single data point in a sample of data contributes to the average of the data, every weather event contributes to the long-term average,” Mann said.
3. Humans are causing the climate to warm
Humans are changing the climate by releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Scientific analysis has shown that human activities have caused the Earth to warm about 1.0 degrees Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit) since large-scale industry began around 1750. In 2018, the Intergovernmental
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人过分担心，只要“问题”留在这里，在贫民窟里在他离开之前，FatherGreen在我们夫人的石窟停留。
他也是一个优秀的骑手和摔跤手。父亲崇拜他，向他倾诉赞美，用礼物给他洗澡。皮里亚从不嫉妒。她崇拜阿基里斯，为他的成功感到高兴。在最后一次游泳的那天，阴暗的岩石池里回荡着他们的笑声。这些声音很少在宫殿上方的岩石山坡上听到。如果那是真的，它一定是由一位有钱的国王设置的。她不可能在那艘小帆船上走得很远。他想到周围的土地和主要岛屿。奥德修斯是Ithaka的国王和它周围的岛屿，Nestor是皮洛斯的主。
他走向电话，站在那里盯着它看。他坐在桌旁。教我们关心和不关心。教我们安静地坐着。过了一会儿，他去了书房，他在那里度过了这么多的夜晚，在一个角落的工作台上雕刻建筑装饰。房间里,楼上,”公园回答说:然后补充说,”床的房间,对他们来说,等不及了。”””以上吗?””男人耸了耸肩。”我不觉得有必要知道。
我们都知道。但是，当那寒风吹过，她的乳头迎着她衣服上的黄金，这对这个男孩来说太多了。告诉我们！另一个人喊道。一个妇女岛，一个船员告诉他，所有高贵的公主或女孩。我不介意在那里呆几天，我可以告诉你。没有男人，甚至士兵？班克勒斯问。不是一个。那它为什么不突袭呢？γ那人轻蔑地看着班诺克人。高祭司是Mykene，女人都是君王的女儿。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- No Place Like Home
A New Way to Explode a Star?
Among the most contentious unsolved mysteries in astronomy is the question of how, exactly, a white dwarf star explodes. Now, as described at the American Astronomical Society’s winter meeting, a team of scientists has come up with an idea that just might solve part of the problem.
Nearly two decades ago, scientists used these exploding stars to measure cosmic distances and came up with a surprising result: The rate at which the universe is flying apart is increasing. Calling that discovery profound is no overstatement – it transformed our understanding of the cosmos and pointed toward the existence of an enigmatic force called dark energy.
But scientists still don’t thoroughly understand how to blow up a white dwarf. It’s kind of like understanding the point of a story without being fluent in the language. The plot is discernible, but important subtleties are lost. Learning how those subtleties shape the final story is crucial if scientists want to understand how dark energy behaves over the lifetime of the universe.
“Say, for example, an exploding white dwarf happens differently in the early universe than it does now. Or it happens differently in different types of galaxies,” says Rosanne Di Stefano, an astrophysicist at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. “If we don’t understand the differences, then we can’t correct for them and make a more precise ruler.”
The mile-marking explosions are called type 1a supernovas. They’re the result of a runaway thermonuclear reaction that rips through a white dwarf star and blows its guts into space, transforming the dwarf from a boring point of light into a beacon that shines brighter than entire galaxies. Because those beacons blaze with a predictable brightness that diminishes with distance, scientists can figure out how far away they are.
But it’s the part before the explosion that has everyone so perplexed. A lonely white dwarf won’t spontaneously combust. However, when a dwarf lives with a companion star, its enormous gravity means that it sometimes steals material from its companion. Like an out-of-control shoplifter, the dwarf star will continue stealing until its mass exceeds a threshold beyond which physics can’t keep the star in one piece. Then, boom.
What scientists have been arguing about is the identity of the dwarf’s stellar companion. Opinions have shifted dramatically over the last few decades, with some favoring a large, gassy companion star like a red giant, and others favoring something smaller and denser, perhaps another white dwarf. In the last five years, observational evidence has made it clear that both of those scenarios can happen.
The trouble is, the two recipes don’t account for the frequency of type 1a supernovas. “For some reason, we’re underpredicting them,” Di Stefano says.
So, she and her colleagues began to look for other ways to cook a type 1a.
What if, Di Stefano asks, some white dwarfs don’t need starry companions? Could a passing rocky body – like a large asteroid or a planet – smash into and detonate a dwarf?
The answer, she says, is potentially yes. There’s already a pile of observational evidence suggesting that collisions between white dwarfs and rocky bodies do happen. While it might sound strange, those observations aren’t necessarily unexpected.
White dwarfs are the corpses of collapsed stars that were once very much like the sun. Like the sun, many of them probably have asteroids and other rocky debris lying around that never quite made it to planethood. In our solar system, we see this debris in the asteroid and Kuiper belts, and suspect it’s also in the Oort Cloud (though it hasn’t been directly observed). Many of these bits and pieces are far enough out that they will survive the collapse of their stars unscathed, unlike any planets that happen to be close to their stars.
So, Di Stefano reasons, more than a few white dwarfs are probably flying through the galaxy surrounded by clouds of rocky debris. She calls these clouds “balls of planetoidal gas,” and notes that they can extend up to 100,000 times farther from a star than Earth is from the sun. Every now and then, and especially in crowded places like the galactic bulge, a dwarf will come close enough to another star for its gravity to perturb the rocky bits and pieces.
“These balls, every once in a while, they’ll graze each other. They’ll overlap with each other, and that leads to consequences,” Di Stefano explains. “Some of the planetoids, particularly the asteroids and comets, are thrown out into interstellar space, and some of them are placed on orbits where they’re going to end up coming close to the white dwarf.”
Simulations suggest that maybe 1 percent of those disruptions will lead to collisions with one of the stars.
“The idea that occasionally, not necessarily a planet but a large asteroid will impact white dwarfs? That has to happen,” says astronomer Ryan Foley of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, noting observations of rocky signatures polluting the otherwise pristine atmospheres of white dwarfs. “The real question is, what happens after?”
If the conditions are just right – the collisions energetic enough, the rocky hammer big enough, the dwarf’s history of similar encounters optimal – it’s possible the impact could explode the star. Calculations suggest you’d need something at least as big as Earth to trigger an explosion, but this doesn’t have to happen particularly often to help solve the type 1a supernova frequency problem.
“Even if there’s an explosion one of out every 10 million times, it would actually be a significant contribution to the rate of type 1a supernovas,” Di Stefano says. “It’s worth exploring. And even if they don’t make the white dwarf explode, they’ll do something interesting that we should be able to see.”
Foley likes the idea of exploding a dwarf with a rocky body, and calls it a creative way to address an abiding problem. “The first part seems to be true — it should happen,” he says. “And then the second part just needs to be nailed down. It’s not crazy.”
For more from the AAS Meeting, see this meeting report.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Design Craft Technology course has been designed for students with an interest in craft and can be delivered in a variety of ways. Examples of projects could include wood crafts, product design, fashion and textiles, floristry, garment making, 2D and 3D visual communication, stained glass, etc.
There are a range of teachers who deliver Design Craft lessons to our Year 9,10 and 11 students. They are:
On the Design Craft course students will have access to the Mac suite, these computers have specialist Graphics software which students will be trained to use. Photoshop can be used throughout projects to edit and manipulate images and drawings to meet the brief. Pupils can also access an extensive range of tools and machinery in the workshops to support their study of Product Design. The students also have access to the use of the laser cutter and 3D printer to develop Computer Aided Design skills
The main aims of this qualification are to help students to:
- develop a wider understanding of craft, which spans the vocational sectors
- develop research and planning skills and then evaluate their own work throughout the design process
- use a range materials, tools and equipment in a safe and competent manner to produce 3D outcomes of 2D design ideas
- develop skills and techniques in the use of craft materials
- develop an understanding of enterprise skills that a successful enterprising individual should have
There are a range of support sessions that run at lunchtime and after school for pupils in all of the three key stages. Additional support classes are available for all students before they sit GCSE/ Level 2 and Level 3 qualifications. Students can also drop in during enrichment time for homework support for each key stage that are supervised by subject specialists.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Reading comprehension involves a dynamic, interactive set of processes including 1) the activation of prior knowledge, 2) the use of that activated information along with the current text, and 3) the potential updating or revision of memory. My program of research examines how these higher-order activities function both successfully and unsuccessfully during reading. I also focus on the mechanisms that underlie our general, everyday reading experiences - for instance, how our preferences for events and characters directly influence our reading processes. Some of my work attempts to generalize these findings from text to a variety of learning conditions, including our experiences exploring spatial environments with maps, our understanding of procedures delivered through multimedia presentations, and the acquisition of scientific knowledge from novel visualizations. All of this work requires the integration of theory and research from different disciplines in psychology (including cognitive and educational psychology). Such an interdisciplinary view is important for both examining the basic mechanisms necessary for comprehension, as well as for advancing applied work that attempts to remediate comprehension difficulties.
Brunyé, T. T., Mahoney, C. R., Rapp, D. N., Ditman, T., & Taylor, H. A. (2012). Caffeine enhances real-world language processing: Evidence from a proofreading task. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Applied, 18, 95-108.
McMaster, K.L., van den Broek, P., Espin, C., White, M.J., Rapp, D.N., Kendeou, P., Bohn-Gettler, C., & Carlson, S. (2012). Making the right connections: Differential effects of reading intervention for subgroups of struggling comprehenders. Learning and Individual Differences, 22, 100-111.
Rapp, D. N. (2011). Comic books’ latest plot twist: Enhancing literacy instruction. Phi Delta Kappan, 93, 64-67.
Bohn-Gettler, C.M., & Rapp, D.N. (2011). Depending on my mood: Mood-driven influences on text comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 562-577.
Bohn-Gettler, C.M., Rapp, D.N., van den Broek, P., Kendeou, P., & White, M.J. (2011). Adults’ and children’s monitoring of story events in the service of comprehension. Memory & Cognition, 39, 992-1011.
Mensink, M.C., & Rapp, D.N. (2011). Evil geniuses: Inferences derived from evidence and preferences. Memory & Cognition, 39, 1103-1116.
Peshkam, A., Mensink, M.C., Putnam, A.L., & Rapp, D.N. (2011). Warning readers to avoid irrelevant information: When being vague might be valuable. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 36, 219-231.
Sparks, J.R., & Rapp, D.N. (2011). Readers’ reliance on source credibility in the service of inference generation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 37, 230-247.
Kurby, C. A., Magliano, J. P, & Rapp, D. N. (2009). Those voices in your head: The activation of auditory images during reading. Cognition, 112, 457-461.
Rapp, D. N., & Kendeou, P. (2009). Noticing and revising discrepancies as texts unfold. Discourse Processes, 46, 1-24.
Brunyé, T., Rapp, D.N., & Taylor, H.A. (2008). Representational flexibility and specificity following spatial descriptions of real world environments. Cognition, 108, 418-443.
Lea, R. B., Rapp, D. N., Elfenbein, A., Mitchel, A. D., & Swinburne-Romine, R. (2008). Sweet silent thought: Alliteration and resonance in poetry comprehension. Psychological Science, 19, 709-716.
Rapp, D. N. (2008). How do readers handle incorrect information during reading? Memory & Cognition, 36, 688-701.
Maddox, K., Rapp, D. N., Brion, S., & Taylor, H. A. (2008). Social influences on spatial memory. Memory & Cognition, 36, 479-494.
Rapp, D.N., & Kurby, C.A. (2008). The ‘ins’ and ‘outs’ of learning: Internal representations and external visualizations. In J.K. Gilbert, M. Reiner, & M. Nakhleh (Eds.), Visualization: Theory and Practice in Science Education (pp. 29-52). United Kingdom: Springer.
Rapp, D. N., Culpepper, S. A., Kirkby, K., & Morin, P. (2007). Fostering students’ comprehension of topographic maps. Journal of Geoscience Education, 55, 5-16. [Cover and lead article.]
Rapp, D. N., van den Broek, P., McMaster, K. L., Kendeou, P., & Espin, C. A. (2007). Higher-order comprehension processes in struggling readers: A perspective for research and intervention. Scientific Studies of Reading, 11, 289-312.
Rapp, D. N. & Kendeou, P. (2007). Revising what readers know: Updating text representations during narrative comprehension. Memory & Cognition, 35, 2019-2032.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>日本無印良品，在中国丢了商标还赔了钱！
企帮帮 91 2021-07-27
最近，小日...子过的还凑合的日本無印良品又被北京无印良品告了，原因竟然是北京无印良品认为日本無印良品说自己是“抢注”对其商誉造成损害，于是以商业诋毁为由再度向無印良品提起诉讼。
事实上，这场官司不过是双方商标权纠纷的延续而已……
“無印良品”丢了商标
無印良品”自1980年在日本诞生以来，母公司株式会社良品计画在包括日本在内的世界各地开设店铺，并注册“無印良品”和“MUJI”商标。
在中国大陆范围内，株式会社良品计画几乎在所有的商品的服务类别上注册了“無印良品”商标，但并未在第24类（纺织类）包括布、毛巾、床罩等商品类别的一部分上等商品上申请商标。
2000年，海南南华实业在第24类“纺织品、床上用品、毛巾”等商品上申请注册了“无印良品”商标。
2004年，该商标被转让给了北京棉田公司，2011年北京无印良品公司成立，获得了“无印良品”商标的独家授权。
后来，北京无印良品公司发现，良品计画在国内全资子公司上海无印良品，以及无印良品朝阳第三公司在销售毛巾、薄被等商品时，使用的包装袋及购买小票上印有“MUJI無印良品”字样，遂将其告上法
故此，北京朝阳法院作出一审判决，被告方在包装袋、购物小票上使用的字样不构成对涉案商标专用权的侵害。
北京棉田公司不服，向北京知识产权法院提出上诉，2020年12月29日，北京知识产权法院作出二审判决，驳回上诉，维持原判。
“無印良品”又赔钱
其实就“无印良品”的商标问题，日本無印良品与北京无印良品双方早已多次交手。
据了解，良品计画曾多次对北京棉田公司的“无印良品”商标提异议，在经过多次被驳回后还提过诉讼，后经过一审二审，最终北京棉田公司胜诉。
不久后，北京棉田公司指控日本“無印良品”商标侵犯了其用在纺织品等商品上的"无印良品"商标权，2017年，北京知识产权法院裁定日本無印良品败诉，并赔偿各类损失共计62万元人民币。
因为最开始申请商标时保护类别不全，让人钻了空子抢注了商标，败诉后的日本無印良品已经不能在布、毛巾、床罩等商品上不能使用“無印良品"商标，仅能使用“MUJI”。
希望所有企业能足够认识到知识产权保护问题。一个有声誉的品牌，是一个企业拥有一笔永久
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basılı tutarken MacBook'unuzu deneyin ve yeniden başlatın. Tek kullanıcı modundaki bu başlatma sizi bir komut istemine götürmelidir.
Mac'inizde komut istemini gördükten sonra, dosya sistemini kontrol etmek / onarmak ve yeniden başlatmak için komutları çalıştırabilirsiniz.
Komut isteminde aşağıdakileri yazın:
/ sbin / fsck -fy
'Fsck' komutu, dosya sistemi kontrolü anlamına gelir ve sabit diskinizi onarmaya yardımcı olur. Fsck işlemi tamamlandıktan ve 'Tamam' çıktısını gördüğünüzde, MacBook'unuzu komut isteminden yeniden başlatmaya devam edebilirsiniz.
yeniden başlatmak
MacOS High Sierra veya Mojave'deki inatçı önyükleme döngüsü sorunları için, Mac'inizi Tek kullanıcı modunda başlatmanın, ardından dosya sistemi kontrolü ve onarımı ve yeniden başlatmanın sorunu çözdüğünü gördük.
Kurtarma Modu ve macOS'u Yeniden Yükleme
Suçluyu bulmadan önce, yapılacak daha kolay bir şey, MacBook'unuzu Kurtarma moduna getirmek ve macOS'u makinenize yeniden yüklemek olacaktır. Bu, özellikle yeniden başlatma sorunlarınız son macOS Güncellemesinden sonra oluşmaya başladıysa yararlıdır.
Bunu yapmak için, MacBook'unuzu başlatırken Command + Option + R tuşlarına birlikte basmanız gerekecektir . MacBook'unuz açıksa ve hala güvenli moddaysa kapatın.
Kurtarma Modunda yeniden başlatın. Güç düğmesine basarak MacBook'unuzu başlatın ve ardından Apple Logosu ekranda görünene kadar Komut-R tuşlarını basılı tutun. Apple Logosunu gördüğünüzde tuşları bırakın.
Ekrandan Disk Yardımcı Programı'nı seçin ve disklerinizle ilgili sorunları onarmak için Onarım yardımcı programını çalıştırın . Bunu yapmak için, Disk İzlencesi'ne tıkladıktan sonra, Başlangıç Biriminizi (tipik olarak Macintosh HD) seçmeniz ve üstten "İlk Yardım" işlemini seçmeniz gerekecektir .
Onarım işlemi tamamlandığında, artık macOS'u kurtarma modundan MacBook'unuza yeniden yükleyebilirsiniz.
2011 ve sonraki bir MacBook'unuz varsa, MacBook'unuzu yeniden başlatırken Command + Option + R tuşlarını kullanarak İnternet kurtarma modunu başlatmanız daha iyidir, böylece macOS'u internet bağlantınızı kullanarak yeniden yükleyebilirsiniz. Bu işi kolaylaştırır.
MacOS kurulduktan sonra, yeniden başlatma sorununun çözülüp çözülmediğini kontrol edin. MacBook'unuzu herhangi bir sorun olmadan normal şekilde başlatabileceğinizi fark ederseniz ve rastgele yeniden başlatma görmezseniz, sonraki adım, soruna harici bağlantılardan herhangi birinin neden olup olmadığını belirlemektir.
Sistem yapılandırmanız için bir rapor çalıştırın
SMC ve PRAM'ı zaten sıfırlamayı denediyseniz ve hala sorun yaşıyorsanız, biraz daha derine dalmanın zamanı geldi. Mac'inize EtreCheck adında indirilebilecek oldukça benzersiz bir yardımcı program var.
Bu uygulama, sorunları bulmak için yapılandırmanızı analiz etmenize yardımcı olacaktır. Uygulamayı indirmek ücretsizdir ve çalışırken çok az bellek kullanırken diğer uygulamalarla etkileşime girmeyeceğine söz verir.
Kurulduktan sonra, EtreCheck için Tercihleri açmak isteyeceksiniz. Oradan, Tam Disk Erişimine İzin Ver seçeneğini değiştirin . Bu size, kaydedilmeleri kaydıyla, son 7 gün içinde bildirilen sorunların bir özetini verecektir.
Üçüncü taraf antivirüs yazılımlarından kurtulun
Bir durumda, bir kullanıcı üçüncü taraf bir antivirüs uygulamasının yüklenmiş olduğunu buldu. Uygulamanın adı SophosFileProtection ve Apple'ın yerleşik macOS güvenliği ile doğrudan etkileşime girdiği söyleniyor.
MacOS güvenliği ile bu üçüncü taraf uygulaması arasındaki çelişki nedeniyle, Mac'iniz yeniden başlatılmaya devam edebilir. Uygulamayı tamamen kaldırmak önemlidir. Kaldırıldıktan sonra, Mac'inizi tamamen yeniden başlatın ve hataların gidip gitmediğini görmek için test edin.
Bozuk Dosyaları karantinaya almak için Ayrıntılı Modu Kullanma
Bu noktada, soruna neden olabilecek donanımı / harici ekranı vb. İzole edip edemeyeceğinizi görmek için harici aksesuarınızı tek tek eklemenizi öneririz.
Bu sorunu gidermenin başka bir yolu da MacBook'unuzu Ayrıntılı mod aracılığıyla başlatmaktır . Bu biraz uzmanlık gerektirir. MacBook Ayrıntılı modunda başlatıldığında, günlüğü izlemeniz gerekecektir. Başlangıç işlemi durduğunda, sorunlu dosyaları tanımlayabileceksiniz. Bu suçlu dosyalar bir karantina klasörüne taşındığında, sorun gidermeye devam edebilirsiniz.
Bu biraz daha tekniktir ve macOS'u Kurtarma modu aracılığıyla yeniden yüklediyseniz ve hala rastgele yeniden başlatmalar yaşıyorsanız, MacBook'unuzu Apple Store'a götürüp bakmalarını öneririz.
MacBook'unuzdaki bozuk kullanıcı hesaplarını ve Pref dosyalarını kontrol edin
Kullanıcılar genellikle tuhaf kapanma sorunları yaşarlar ve MacBook'ta bozuk kullanıcı hesapları olduğunda yavaşlama ve uygulamaların çökmesi gibi sorunlar yaşarlar.
MacBook'unuzda yeni bir kullanıcı hesabı oluşturmak ve bu sorunları yaşamaya devam edip etmediğinizi test etmek isteyebilirsiniz. Bozuk kullanıcı hesapları olup olmadığından veya sorunları nasıl çözebileceğinizden emin değilseniz, macOS'ta bozuk kullanıcı hesabı sorunlarını çözme konusunda adım adım bir eğitim için lütfen aşağıdaki kılavuza ulaşın.
Apple desteği alın
MacBook veya iMac'inizdeki beklenmeyen kapanmalar veya yeniden başlatmalar, makinenizdeki hatalı donanımdan kaynaklanabilir. Bu, Mac'iniz garanti kapsamında değilse maliyetli onarımlara neden olabileceği için en kötü durum senaryosudur.
Yukarıdaki tüm adımları denediyseniz ancak iMac veya MacBook'unuz hala kapanıyorsa, Destek Alın web sitesi aracılığıyla apple ile rasgele bir randevu alın. MacBook'unuza bakabilmeleri ve size çözümler sunabilmeleri için doğrudan Apple Destek ile de sohbet edebilirsiniz.Daha fazla yardım için Apple'ın Destek Alın web sitesini ziyaret edin
Yorumlarda bize Mac'inizde neler olduğunu anlatın, biz de deneyip size yardımcı olacağımızdan emin olalım!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>کریستیانو رونالدو که این روزها با درخشش برابر اتلتیکومادرید در یکی از حساس ترین دیدارهای فصل بار دیگر خودرا در اوج نشان داده است، در مصاحبه ای با نشریه France Football در مورد رویاروی اش با آنتوان گریزمان گفت:
یکی از خاطره های جالب ما این است؛ در تابستان و تعطیلات در میامی بودم و که با گریزمان در یک رستوران روبرو شدم. او به همراه نامزدش آمده بود. در همین حال او بر سر میز من آمد و به من گفت: از تو متنفرم!
وی در مورد مصدومیتش در فینال یورو 2016 اضافه کرد:
نمی توانستم حتی زانوی خود را خم کنم و پس از آن بود که فهمیدم این فینال را از دست داده ام و نمی توانستم ادامه دهم.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>虽然《异形 契约》中殖民探险队充满着各种无脑bug丝毫不严肃，但无可否认这是2017上半年最好看而且具思考意义的科幻片了。
个人对剧情的理解：造物主想创造新生命体，造出异形之后发现它比自己物种有更强的生存能力，就拒绝让它大量繁殖。而大卫看到了造物主与人类的共同弱点（或者进化到再无上升空间 eg：大卫对殖民的诠释）于是自己充当造物主促进优势物种的更替
所以异形应只是博眼球的噱头，生化人推动的物种变革才是重点要表达的。但观众能看出来也不容易啊，这么丑的异形要做人类爸爸，不加引导容易误导观众。
跟西部世界一样，人类在结尾被用最原始的方式清除——屠杀。但西部世界中我感受到的是对优势取代的默许，而契约结尾却感觉大卫在满足私利复仇人类。也许是异形太丑，但我觉得更是因为电影没交代异形的智力。如果只是因异形物理机能优胜而定义为更优物种未免太草率了，毕竟人类至今几百万年的进化过程中身体的改变也不少。。
处与众生物顶端的大卫究竟在下一盘什么棋，我们拭目以待，期待三部曲的到来。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>International Women’s Day is celebrated on March 8 worldwide, commemorating the political, social and economic achievements of women. Over the decades, the objective of Women’s day celebration has evolved and embraced culture and ethnicity to emerge as a celebration of appreciation, respect and love towards women.
Empowering women in India is very necessary to bring gender equality or we can say that gender equality is very necessary to empower women.Gender equality is the first step to bring women empowerment in India. Men should not understand that women are made only to handle household chores or take responsibility of home and family. Instead, both (men and women) are responsible for everything of daily routine. Men too need to understand their responsibility of home and family and all other works women do so that women can get some time to think about themselves and their career. Women should also identify their strengths and abilities, and move towards a world of empowerment.
On this day, huge sentiments are expressed about the power of women and many proverbs and poems directed towards women. It is really nice to have a special day for women where they are glorified to a point of being honored, awarded, and appreciated. Then why is that after so much awareness and acknowledgement of a woman’s contribution to life ,society, family and work.
Start living; Living your life on your terms, it’s high time!!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>خبرگزاری ایسنا: مهلت تمدید شده برای ثبت نام آزمون کارشناسی ارشد سال ۱۴۰۰ ساعت ۲۴ امشب چهارشنبه ۲۶ آذر پایان می پذیرد.
مهلت ثبت نام و شرکت در آزمون کارشناسی ارشد و همچنین ثبت نام برای بیست و ششمین المپیاد علمی- دانشجویی کشور که از روز یکشنبه ۱۶ آذر آغاز شده بود، با توجه به مهلت تمدید شده، ساعت ۲۴ امشب ۲۶ آذر پایان می پذیرد.
طبق اعلام سازمان سنجش آموزش کشور، ثبت نام منحصراً به صورت اینترنتی و از طریق سایت اطلاع رسانی سازمان سنجش آموزش کشور به نشانی www.sanjesh.org انجام میشود و بر اساس آخرین آمار اعلام شده تعداد ۳۰۲ هزار و ۲۶۶ داوطلب در این آزمون ثبت نام کردند.
متقاضیان ثبت نام و شرکت در آزمون کارشناسی ارشد ناپیوسته سال ۱۴۰۰ و بیست و ششمین المپیاد علمی- دانشجویی کشور میتوانند با در نظر داشتن شرایط عمومی و اختصاصی مندرج در دفترچه راهنمای شرکت در آزمون که در سایت سازمان سنجش منتشر شده است، در آزمون ثبت نام کنند.
براساس برنامه زمانی پیش بینی شده کارت ورود به جلسه آزمون کارشناسی ارشد ناپیوسته سال ۱۴۰۰ از روز دوشنبه مورخ سوم تا روز چهارشنبه پنجم خرداد ۱۴۰۰ از طریق درگاه اطلاع رسانی سازمان سنجش آموزش کشور توزیع می شود.
بر اساس برنامه زمانی پیش بینی شده، آزمون کارشناسی ارشد ناپیوسته سال ۱۴۰۰ در روزهای پنجشنبه و جمعه ۶ و ۷ خردادماه ۱۴۰۰برگزار خواهد شد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Il Mondiale di Formula 1 come il calcio: arriva il "Var". Ecco come funzionerà
LA NOVITà
Mohamed Ben Sulayem, presidente FIA, ha annunciato per la prossima stagione di F1 un sistema simile a Var del calcio per assistere gli ufficiali di gara nei giorni di gara. Sarà creata una Virtual Race Control Room, i team principal non potranno più comunicare direttamente con la Race Control
Per assistere il direttore di gara nel processo decisionale, sarà creata una Virtual Race Control Room. Come la Video Assistance Referee, Var, nel calcio, sarà posizionato in uno degli Uffici Fia come backup fuori dal circuito". E' l'annuncio dato dal nuovo presidente della Federazione internazionale automobilismo, Mohamed Ben Sulayem, per la prossima stagione di F1 un sistema simile a Var per assistere gli ufficiali di gara nei giorni di gara.
I team principal non potranno più comunicare direttamente con la Race Control. I colloqui potranno avvenire soltanto seguendo una determinata procedura: "Le comunicazioni radio dirette durante la gara, attualmente trasmesse in diretta da tutte le tv, saranno rimosse per proteggere il direttore di gara da qualsiasi pressione e per consentirgli di prendere decisioni pacificamente", saranno inoltre riviste le procedure di sbloccaggio dietro una Safety Car.
La decisione su Michael Masi
Nelle ultime ore è stata annunciata la rimozione di Michael Masi dal ruolo di direttore di gara della Formula 1 in seguito a quanto accaduto nell'ultimo gran premio dello scorso anno ad Abu Dhabi con la decisione di far disputare un ultimo giro dopo l'ingresso in pista della safety car per un incidente a Latifi con il sorpasso finale della Red Bull di Max Versatppen su Lewis Hamilton che è valso all'olandese il titolo mondiale
Non visualizzi questo contenuto?
Siamo spiacenti! Per poter visualizzare questo contenuto Twitter, clicca su Gestisci cookie e Accetta tutto<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Maria Bethania Garcia De Vita
La rappresentazione dell’“Apologia di Socrate” mi ha fatto riflettere molto: un uomo che preferisce la condanna a morte piuttosto che una vita in cui non gli è consentita la ricerca. Ricerca di se stesso come scopo ultimo della vita, poiché una vita senza ricerca non è degna di essere vissuta.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>WASTE handling and recycling sites, currently under obligation to re-assess their fire accident plans, could be failing to plan for the impact of millions of litres of water likely to be discharged to fight a major fire, experts have recently warned.
Last year the Environment Agency issued revised technical guidance for sites storing combustible waste instructing them to review their fire accident planning with a ‘must’ action to meet the standards. The clampdown followed a string of high-profile fires at waste handling premises.
Water pollution experts are warning operators to be sure to review whether their sites are able to safely contain the huge volumes of firewater likely to be needed to control a waste fire. Not only could some sites be unknowingly in danger of causing serious environmental damage through fire water pollution, but could also be at risk of incurring crippling costs in fines and cleanup charges.
“The most likely environmental damage caused by fire at a waste handling site is not a result of the fire itself, but the water that is used to fight it,” explains David Cole, Water Pollution Manager at Hydro International. “In the early stages of a fire, thousands of litres of water are discharged into the environment every minute. The surface water runoff created will pick up the pollutants and contaminants of whatever burning or hazardous substances are present, and if a site is not fully contained, they will escape into the local environment. Waste handling and recycling centres are among the most vulnerable, and major fires can burn for days or weeks.”
The Environment Agency issued a new industry Technical Guidance Note in March 2015 for sites storing combustible waste. In a short, final paragraph of the guidance, a requirement is included for sites to demonstrate the containment facilities and pollution equipment in place for managing fire water. For this, operators are referred to another recently-revised industry guidance document, CIRIA C736 – Containment Systems for the Prevention of Pollution, for which David Cole acted as an advisor.
During 2014 the Environment Agency reported 10 serious water pollution incidents involving waste management activities, five of which were caused by fires and three by containment and control failures. As government funding is cut back, the environmental authorities have fewer resources to act in an advisory role. So, the first a company may know they do not have adequate provision is when the worst happens, and they face a prosecution, Cole warns.
“Surface water has a habit of finding routes to run off a site in directions no-one had ever expected, before ending up in a river or sewer. Fitting properly designed containment valves is critical, but often I see sites where penstock valves are incorrectly installed. Not all penstocks have the ability to drop seal low pressure flows fully; if a site is looking to contain pollution then the valve must contain the entire flow.
Product development experience
“I have been involved in the development of spill containment technology since 1998. Fitting a high-performance valves such as the recently-launched Hydro-Isolator® valve should guarantee a watertight seal.
“On more complex sites, operators will also still need to be sure that even with valves installed, in the case of a fire incident, the surface water drainage won’t back up, overtop bunds and storage measures and flow out of the site into the surrounding environment.
“New hydraulic modelling techniques can offer waste operators a cost-effective way of mapping pathways on and off a site and identifying any shortfalls before they happen. A containment solution using valves, bunds or other temporary storage can then be designed and tested in the model to ensure it will stand up, even in the worst case scenario.”
David Cole is the inventor of some of the industry’s most commonly-used pollution containment valves and has acted as advisor on key industry guidance. Waste and recycling operators interested in Hydro International’s Hydro-Isolator® valves or
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Professor Kis.
Furthermore, transistors based on molybdenite would consume 100,000 times less energy in their standby state than conventional silicon transistors. This is because turning a transistor on and off requires a semi-conductor material with a 'band gap'. In physics, 'bands' are used as a way of describing the energy of electrons in a material. In semi-conductors, the term 'band gap' refers to the electron-free spaces between these bands. If the gap is neither too big nor too small, some electrons can jump across the gap, thereby offering researchers a way of controlling the electrical behaviour of the material and turning it on and off. Molybdenite has a 1.8 electron-volt band gap, making it ideal for turning transistors on and off.
Molybdenite's band gap also gives it the edge over graphene, which does not have a band gap in its pristine state. Although it is possible to make graphene that has a band gap, this increases the fabrication complexity and causes other problems.
'Our results provide an important step towards the realization of electronics and low-standby-power integrated circuits based on two-dimensional materials. Being a thin, transparent semiconducting material, MoS2 monolayers also present a wealth of new opportunities in areas that include mesoscopic physics, optoelectronics and energy harvesting,' the researchers conclude.
'With the possibility of fabricating large-area circuits using solution-based processing, our finding could be important for producing electronic devices that could combine the ease of processing associated with organic conductors with performance figures commonly associated with silicon-based electronics.'
If you liked this article, please give it a quick review on reddit or StumbleUpon. Thanks!
Check out these other trending stories on Nanowerk:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Açıklama
Yükleyen: exixiz
Yüklenme Tarihi: 18 Haziran 2015 - 11:50
9.Bölüm "Aile içi yardımlaşma"
Arda ile Ceren'in babasının doğum günüdür. Annesiyle Ceren mutfakta pasta yaparlar,Arda ise babasıyla bahçede çitleri boyarlar.Arda babasını oyalar sürpriz doğum günü pastasını görmemesi için.Fakat tam annesi pastayla geldiği anda Arda pastayı devirir ve yere düşer. Ama ananeleri elinde pastayla yetişir ve babalarının doğum gününü kutlarlar.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Çin Futbol Birliği, Shandong Luneng’in Şanghay SIPG ile deplasmanda karşılaştığı mücadele öncesi milli marş sırasında yüzünü kaşıyan Shandong Lunengli Diego Tardelli'ye bir maç men cezası verdi.
Çin Futbol Birliği’nin resmi internet sitesinde yer alan açıklamada, Şanghay SIPG'nin 4-2 galip geldiği maç öncesi Çin milli marşı okunduğu esnada yüzünü kaşıyan Tardelli'ye, ulusal değerlere saygısızlık etmesi ve topluma kötü örnek olması gerekçesiyle bir maç ceza verildiği belirtildi.
Kariyerinde ülkesinde Sao Paulo, Flamengo, Atletico Mineiro, Rusya'da Anzhi, İspanya'da Real Betis, Hollanda'da PSV ve Katar'da El-Gharafa gibi ekiplerin formasını giyen 32 yaşındaki forvet Tardelli, 2015 yılında Shandong Luneng'in yolunu tutmuştu.
Çin Süper Ligi'nde son 3 haftaya girilirken, 51 puanı bulunan Shandong Luneng, 62 puanlı Şanghay SIPG ve 60 puanlı Guangzhou Evergrande'nin ardından 3. basamakta yer alıyor.
Son Dakika Spor Haberleri için aşağı kaydırın.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>(Science: statistics) A weighted average measure of the sum of the frequency of occurrences of all species along a single transect or as calculated for a plant community by averaging the prevalence index of all sample transects through the community.
Results from our forum
... “how species come to be…” http://www.sciencenews.org/index/feature/activity/view/id/331382/title/Evolution%E2%80%99s_Wedges http://dovhenis.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/evolution-how-species-come-to-be/ ... as group-members. Dov Henis (Comments From 22nd Century) Inception And Prevalence Of Western ...
See entire post<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Exterior Gateway Protocol
(EGP) A protocol which distributes routing information to the routers which connect autonomous systems. The term "gateway" is historical, and "router" is currently the preferred term. There is also a routing protocol called EGP defined in STD 18, RFC 904. See also Border Gateway Protocol, Interior Gateway Protocol.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>SUUDİ ARABİSTANA UMRE VE HAC PARASI VERMEK ZORUMA GİDİYOR
SUUDİ ARABİSTAN'A UMRE VE HAC PARASI VERMEK ZORUMA GİDİYOR.
Soru: Kâfirler le bir olmuş Suudi Arabistan a hac ve umre de giden paralar zoruma gidiyor hocam. Umre ziyareti yapıp onlara para gitsin istemiyorum. Yanlış bir düşünce mi ?
Cevap: Evet, Suudi Arabistan'ın yanlış bir akidesi var (Vehhabilik); yanlış siyasi hamleleri var (genelde Amerikancı) ama imama kızıp camiye gitmemek te caiz olmaz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>هشدار صندوق بین المللی پول درباره عقب ماندگی اقتصادهای در حال رشد
رئیس صندوق بین المللی پول روز چهارشنبه هشدار داد که بحران ناشی از همه گیری ویروس کرونا بسیاری از اقتصادهای جهان را دچار عقب ماندگی بیشتر می کند.
به گزارش رادیودری، «کریستالینا جئورجیوا» (Kristalina Georgieva) در پیامی به نشست مجازی جمعه آینده گروه ۲۰ افزود: با افت درآمد سرانه شهروندان بازارهای نوپدید و کشورهای در حال توسعه به دلیل بحران همه گیری کرونا، میلیون ها نفر به افراد فقیر جهان اضافه خواهند شد.
«جئورجیوا» از دولت ها درخواست کرد برای اطمینان یافتن از مهار کووید-19، توزیع واکسن را افزایش دهند.
بعلاوه، براساس پیش بینی های این نهاد وام دهنده جهان، با وجود بالارفتن امیدواری ها به بهبود اوضاع اقتصادی با توزیع واکسن، نرخ بیکاری سال جاری تنها در کشورهای عضو گروه ۲۰ (جی ۲۰) از ۲۵ میلیون فراتر رفته است.
براساس ارزیابی صندوق بین المللی پول، تا پایان سال آینده عقب افتادگی درآمدهای بیش از نیمی از ۱۱۰ کشور دارای اقتصاد نوپدید و در حال توسعه، از اقتصادهای پیشرفته، بیشتر خواهد شد و بحران اقتصادی ناشی از همه گیری ویروس کرونا، شکاف های درآمدی درون کشورهای در حال توسعه را افزایش خواهد داد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>“The best thing about being a Teacher is that it matters. The hardest thing about being a Teacher is that it matters every day”
Being an Educator is one of the most respected professions all over the world. Especially in India, people regard Educators as “Gurus” and as a source of inspiration for thousands of students that study under their watchful eyes. Educators are not just individuals who have gained mastery in a certain academic field, but also the ones who guide their students to not only successful careers but also a meaningful life.
Yet in this ever-evolving world, you may be a subject expert, but what makes You special?
What makes You stand out of the crowd?
Willingness to help students excel?
Passion for teaching?
Zeal to upgrade your skill-set to help students better?
If Your answer is Yes to any of the above, You are already ahead of the curve than most Educators!
It takes years of learning and practice to be a Teacher, but it takes a lot more to be a Great Teacher. One needs detailed observation, ability to understand and passion to make someone’s life better. They say teachers have the power to change lives. Teachers have the ability to rightly influence a student to pick the best career option. Here are some classic examples of extraordinary teachers who have gone the extra mile to coach their students.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam was a huge advocate of a good education. He believed that enhancing personal skills and calibre is far more important than just an academic degree. Dr Kalam often visited schools & colleges to speak to the students and educators. He was an exceptional mentor and will always be remembered as a great teacher.
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan:
Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was not only the second President of India but a great teacher of all times. he was known for his exemplary teaching skills and love for sharing knowledge with young learners. He believed that a good teacher would always put his students above anything else. Later when Dr Radhakrishnan went on to become the President of India, his students and fans requested to declare his birthday as a National Holiday. Being the most humble teacher that he was, he requested the government of India to dedicate the day to all the Teachers in the country and so we celebrate Teacher’s Day on 5th September.
The modern age has brought with it a set of modern challenges for Educators. Technological advances in Education, changing roles of an Educator inside and outside a classroom, greater expectations from students as well as their parents, etc are just a couple of changes that an Educator has to deal with these days.
To learn how Global Career Counsellor can help you transform into Educator 2.0 and become a Superhero your students can’t help but fall in love with<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>While the French Franciscan Peter Auriol (ca. 1280–1322) has not attracted as much attention as has his slightly younger contemporary William Ockham, nevertheless on many topics Auriol was probably just as influential among fourteenth century thinkers as was the Venerable Inceptor. Often explicitly rejecting the ideas of Thomas Aquinas, Henry of Ghent, and most importantly John Duns Scotus, Auriol created interesting, innovative, and frequently controversial positions over a whole range of philosophical and theological issues — not least in his theory of cognition — and many of his positions set the terms of debate for later thinkers like Gregory of Rimini and John Capreolus.
- 1. Life and Works
- 2. The Character of Auriol's Thought and Some Noteworthy Positions
- 3. Cognition and Reality: Conceptualism and the esse apparens
- 4. Intuitive and Abstractive Cognition and the Limits of Human Cognitive Abilities
- Academic Tools
- Other Internet Resources
- Related Entries
As with many of his contemporaries, we know very few dates with certainty in the life of Peter Auriol (a.k.a. Peter Auriole, Peter Aureol, Petrus Aureoli, the Doctor Facundus). On the basis of his later career it seems reasonable to suppose that Auriol was born around 1280, and we have evidence that he originated in the region near the city of Cahors in France. We know that Auriol joined the Franciscan order in the order's province of Aquitania, and we surmise that this took place sometime before 1300. From the structure of the contemporary Franciscan educational system we can deduce that he studied in Paris sometime in the first decade of the fourteenth century, but evidence that some scholars have presented that Auriol heard Scotus in Paris or was definitely in Paris in 1304 is inconclusive. Auriol's first written work, dealing with the issue of Franciscan poverty (Tractatus de paupertate et usu paupere), seems to have been composed in 1311 or at latest early 1312. In the latter year we know that Auriol was teaching in Bologna, presumably at the Franciscan convent in that city. It was here that he authored his Tractatus de principiis naturae (Treatise on the principles of nature), his only non-theological work. By the end of 1314, Auriol was in Toulouse, again apparently teaching at the Franciscan convent, and it seems that the two treatises that he authored in support of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary (and in opposition to Dominican critics of that view) stem from this time (Tractatus de conceptione Beatae Mariae Virginis and Repercussorium). In one or both of these cities, Auriol must have also been lecturing on the standard medieval theological textbook, the Sentences of Peter Lombard, and his massive commentary on the first book of the Sentences, his Scriptum super primum Sententiarum — more than 1100 folio pages in its early modern printing (Rome 1596) — was almost certainly substantially finished by the autumn of 1316 when Auriol arrived in Paris, sent by the Franciscan order to earn his doctorate. Auriol read the Sentences at Paris 1316–18. No less a figure than Pope John XXII, Auriol's mentor, wrote to the Chancellor of Paris in a letter dated July 14, 1318, asking that Auriol be granted the doctorate. The letter served its purpose, and by late 1318 he was the Franciscan regent master in theology there. Auriol served as regent master in Paris until 1320 or 1321, lecturing on the Bible (from which resulted several extant biblical commentaries), and holding at least one series of quodlibetal disputations. In 1321, he was elevated by John XXII to the position of Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence, but Auriol died soon after taking office, probably on January 22, 1322. (See, for more details, Teetaert 1935, and esp. Buytaert 1952).
As should be clear from the above, Auriol's extant works are predominantly theological in nature, having been composed in connection with his duties as a theological student and teacher. Nevertheless, especially his commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences is a treasure trove of philosophical thought spanning a vast range of issues in metaphysics, epistemology and philosophy of mind, natural philosophy, and ethics; it is in addition his most important and influential work. We possess several versions of Auriol's Sentences commentary. Besides the Scriptum, which, as mentioned above, was mostly composed before Auriol arrived in Paris in the autumn of 1316, we have reportationes (student transcripts) of lectures that Auriol held on all four books of the Sentences, some of which have obviously been reworked to one degree or another by Auriol himself and some of which are still found only in medieval manuscripts. A version of his commentary on books II-IV was published in Rome in 1605 (along with Auriol's single Quodlibet of sixteen questions). In part because the project to critically edit all of Auriol's works has been initiated only recently, the complex relationship between these published texts and other versions, found only in manuscripts, as well as the relationship between the published Scriptum and the extant reportationes on book I of the Sentences, is not entirely clear. (See however, Nielsen 2002; Schabel 2000a, pp. 67–76; Schabel 2000b; Duba 2000; for more information on Auriol's works, see the bibliography on the Peter Auriol Homepage (Other Internet Resources).)
Auriol's thought is relentlessly systematic; one finds certain basic ideas or devices that crop up time and again in extremely varied philosophical and theological contexts. Given this, it seems clear that at an early stage in his career Auriol settled on these basic ideas and devices as those best representing his fundamental convictions, and then applied them rigorously, so that his philosophy and theology emerge from them like spokes from a hub. As a consequence, Auriol's thought has the appearance of being extremely unified.
Auriol also exhibits throughout his works a pronounced historical bent. That is to say, when dealing with nearly every philosophical or theological issue, he takes as his point of departure a detailed analysis of earlier and contemporary ideas on the matter at hand, offering for the most part accurate summaries of other positions and generally perceptive critiques. On the basis of this analysis of earlier positions, Auriol's own thought often takes shape as he proposes positions that have the goal of avoiding the pitfalls he sees in his predecessors' ideas. A recent study of Auriol's citation practice in his Scriptum (Schabel 2009) has shown that the top five university authors explicitly cited are, in reverse order: Durand of St. Pourcain, Hervaeus Natalis, Henry of Ghent, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus. While these were the authors who clearly had the greatest impact on Auriol's thought, he responded throughout his works to many other theologians, including William of Ware, Godfrey of Fontaines, Bonaventure, Richard of Mediavilla (Middleton), Thomas Wylton, and Giles of Rome. Moreover, Auriol is clearly extremely well-versed in ancient and Arabic thought. (See e.g., Duba 2001.)
Finally, Auriol is well known for proposing unusual and sometimes radical solutions to traditional problems. This was one of the reasons why Auriol's thought was so provocative to his contemporaries and to readers right into the seventeenth century. Recent research has pointed to several areas of Auriol's thought as particularly innovative. Among these areas can be mentioned the following.
Auriol maintained that only five of the ten Aristotelian categories actually exist in the extra-mental world (substance, quality, quantity, action, and passion), the other five (relation, place, time, position, and state/habit) being merely conceptual or mind-dependent, i.e. resulting from an intellect conceiving one of the actual categories to be other than it is in extra-mental reality. Thus, the conceptual categories exist only potentially, but not actually, in extra-mental reality; it is possible for the intellect, upon acquaintance with one of the actual categories in extra-mental reality, to form the concept of the corresponding conceptual category. This theory has been studied most thoroughly with regard to Auriol's ideas concerning the category of relation (cf. e.g., Henninger 1989, pp. 150–73; Brower 2008, section 3.1; Friedman 1997a, pp. 310–17). In this context, Auriol maintains that real relations are conceptual in nature, not existing in extra-mental reality, and hence dependent upon the activity of the mind; the three types of real relation originate from the intellect's acquaintance with respectively quantity (e.g., a relation of equality), quality (e.g., a relation of similarity), and action and passion (e.g., a relation of causality). Moreover,
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itato o gettato in aria, tempo debito ritornerà a loro. Pertanto, considerando che ciascun passeggero dovrà ricorrere all’aria, in media, ogni 5 secondi, sarebbe auspicabile trattarla di conseguenza.
Acqua
L’acqua fornita insieme Pianeta non è sostituibile e l’approvvigionamento idrico è estremamente limitato: se la Terra avesse le dimensioni di un uovo, tutta l’acqua in essa compresa equivarrebbe ad una goccia.
L’acqua contiene molte creature, la maggioranza delle quali è predatrice e preda, ognuna anche a favore dei passeggeri umani, dunque, se elementi ripugnanti vengono quindi dispersi nell’acqua del Pianeta, sarà d’obbligo osservare cautela, poiché le creature acquatiche concentrano tali materiali ripugnanti nei loro tessuti, perciò nel caso in cui i passeggeri umani usufruiscano delle le creature acquatiche in forma di cibo, aggiungeranno le dette sostanze ripugnanti nella loro dieta.
In generale quantunque, si esortano i passeggeri a non disdegnare l’acqua, poiché è ciò di cui loro stessi sono in gran parte composti.
Terreno
Benché la superficie del Pianeta sia varia e all’apparenza abbondante, soltanto una piccola quantità è adatta alla crescita di cose e questa porzione, essenziale, non deve quindi esser depauperata da un uso improprio. Si raccomanda inoltre, di non dissestare lo strato superficiale del suolo, in quanto la Terra è supportato da un sottostante strato liquido e particolarmente caldo, il quale aumenta ed emerge limitatamente, ma con i vulcani.
Vita
I componenti precedenti contribuiscono a rendere possibile la vita, una soltanto ciascun passeggero, conseguentemente dovrebbe esser trattata con dignità. Le norme inerenti nascita, operatività, manutenzione e smaltimento di ciascuna entità vivente, sono state minuziosamente previste e contemplate in un linguaggio complesso, chiamato DNA. Tuttavia, peculiare difficoltà di comprensione non costituisce problematiche, poiché di nuovo, tutto agisce automaticamente, tengano però presente i passeggeri, l’avviso per cui radiazioni e molte sostanze chimiche, son in grado di provocare gravi guasti al succitato codice e qualora specie viventi vengano distrutte o sia reso loro impossibile riprodursi, il compimento dei riordini è soggetto a lunghi ritardi.
Fuoco
Questo Pianeta è stato progettato e testato in fabbrica per un funzionamento in totale sicurezza mediante un carburante costantemente emesso da una fonte remota, il Sole, fornito senza alcun costo aggiuntivo.
Quanto segue deve essere osservato con la massima attenzione: il Pianeta è stato inoltre dotato di una riserva energetica contenuta nei depositi fossili, da sfruttare unicamente in caso di emergenza, non solo perché limitata, ma anche in virtù del fatto che tale combustibile comporta pericoli, incluso il rilascio di metalli tossici, il cui contatto con l’aria e ingresso nella catena alimentare degli esseri viventi è doverosamente da evitare. È corretto evidenziare che laddove l’uso del combustibile di emergenza venga coscientemente dilazionato lungo il corso vitale del Pianeta, non espone a rischi, al contrario, un avventato consumo in un breve periodo, produrrà effetti spiacevoli.
Manutenzione
La scelta di una corretta manutenzione, dipende dalla moltitudine e provenienza dei passeggeri. Se pochi milioni di passeggeri umani desiderano viaggiare in un determinato momento, non è necessario alcun intervento, né prenotazione; il Pianeta sarà autosufficiente e la fonte di energia esterna elargirà l’esatta quantità di nutrimento e fruibile in completa sicurezza, viceversa, qualora un numero elevato di passeggeri si presenti all’imbarco e pretenda di accedere, potranno palesarsi gravi problematiche per le quali occorreranno costose soluzioni.
Operatività
In assenza di circostanze straordinarie, è essenziale controllare periodicamente il meccanismo e riportare eventuali irregolarità alla Smithsonian Institution. Ciò nonostante, se a causa dell’uso improprio del Pianeta, si osservano variazioni sostanziali nel comportamento previsto dell’alba e del tramonto, i passeggeri dovranno prepararsi a lasciare il veicolo.
Riparazioni di emergenza
Quando non si rende possibile addebitare ai passeggeri in viaggio responsabilità di danneggiamenti ai meccanismi operativi del Pianeta, significa che sono stati causati da un’azione ignorante o sconsiderata dei precedenti viandanti ed è consigliabile richiedere assistenza al Costruttore (ottenibile più agevolmente tramite preghiera).
Compiendo un attento esame, si scoprirà come a comporre il Pianeta è un sistema particolareggiato e affascinante, tanto nel design e quanto nella struttura. In passato, alcuni passeggeri hanno tentato di replicarlo, migliorarlo, alcuni persino sostenuto d’averlo creato: il Costruttore, peraltro inventore del pollice opponibile, probabilmente si sarà divertito all’udir tali affermazioni, nondimeno, fonti affidabili riferiscono che oramai, ad Egli, l’intera panoplia delle conseguenze di questa Sua idea del pollice, non sarà priva di spiacevoli sorprese.
Dobbiamo iniziare a pensare come un fiume se vogliamo lasciare un’eredità di bellezza e vita alle generazioni future.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>极速赛车一分钟开奖
总的来说，凯恩斯将经济萧条的主要原因归结于有效需求的不足，有效需求主要由消费需求和投资需求构成，其大小取决于消费倾向、资本边际效率和流动偏好。人们的收入被储蓄起来，而没有转化成投资和消费，消费的增加不及收入的增加，呈现边际消费递减，即所谓的消费不足，投资不足则主要因为资本边际效率递减以及人们对于货币高流动性的偏好带来的高利率。投资不足的直接表象是自发支出下降，其原因多被归结在建筑业和股票市场上：年之后，住宅存量超过需求，建筑业开始下降，此外，股票市场崩溃影响了消费支出。而凯恩斯的继承者特敏则特别强调消费支出的自发下降是导致大萧条的主要原因，甚至这种下降是无法解释的，因为各种现行的理由均无法充分经过检验。罗默则认为股票市场崩溃导致一系列支出受到冲击，冲击的开始是美联储的紧缩性政策，利率敏感部门如建筑业、汽车工业开始衰退，股市的崩盘引起消费支出的下降。无论是哪一种解释，始终站在总需求的下降角度来解释大萧条的形成，从而自然在处理大萧条的政策建议上更倾向于政府干预，增加总需求。
媒体监管机构表示，“脱欧”将使英国很多影视业媒体业务无法继续覆盖整个欧盟国家。一些公司已经考虑搬出英国，而另一些公司会虽然暂时会留在英国，但已经开始谋划新的投资策略和计划。著名的纪录片《探索频道》已经计划将欧洲播放中心迁出伦敦。
另外一场焦点战在世界排名第一的马克塞尔比和中国选手李远之间进行。首局，塞尔比利用李远的失误，单杆分，先下一城。第二局，李远手感火热，轰出单杆分的高分将比分追平至。第三局，塞尔比再次打出单杆，领先李远。第四局，塞尔比开始出现失误，李远抓住机会多次上手，再次将比分追平，比赛进入中场休息。休息过后，塞尔比与李远均陷入失误的泥潭，两人零敲碎打，各自拿下一局，比分再次打平至。第七局，塞尔比单杆分，比分来到。随后，李远紧咬比分，利用塞尔比的失误稳扎稳打单杆分实现单局逆转，，比分。第九局，李远完成超分后，塞尔比尝试追分未果，李远率先拿到赛点。第十局，塞尔比单杆分，成功将比赛拖入决胜局。决胜局中，塞尔比率先上手却未能完成超分。随后李远接管局面，不幸在击打蓝球时母球摔袋，最终塞尔比打进粉球，赢下比赛。
交易宣布前一个交易日，红帽股票收盘价为美元。也就是说，支付的溢价异常大，收购价高出红帽股价的，因为交易包括债务。收购完成后，红帽将被归入混合云部门，该公司将加入高级管理层，并直接向罗睿兰汇报工作。
自从年月日得出“脱欧”这个结果后，漫长的脱欧谈判成为伦敦住宅市场最大的不确定性，一系列交易放缓，买家观望，价格下滑的连锁反应接踵而来。
过去一个月，亚马逊股价累计下跌。该公司上周四发布的第三季度业绩未能达到预期目标，投资者对令人失望的销售数据和对重要节日购物季前的销售预期都不满意。
曼联主帅穆里尼奥一直以来都是极具争议的人物。利物浦名宿科利莫尔认为穆里尼奥长久以来一直是人们关注的焦点，因此他已经疲惫不堪，这也是造成他现在这样的性格的一部分原因。
“”是印度本土电商巨头自设的购物节，亚马逊也在当地推出了本土促销节。这两大购物节和中国的“双”非常相似，但现在基本上已经落幕，也是时候来盘点一下这两家电商巨头今年的业绩表现了。
一些人相信，明年由年轻车手查尔斯勒克莱尔顶替莱科宁的人员变动安排，其实是由法拉利的前主席塞尔吉奥马尔乔内在七月份去世前做出的决定。
卡迪夫城主场比力克富勒姆。第分钟，塞里传球，许尔勒码外远射偏出。卡迪夫城连入球反超，第分钟，班巴传球，墨菲突入禁区左侧码处小角度射入远角。第分钟，帕特森和本奈特任意球外围连续射门被封堵，皮球偏转后被里德在码处单刀低射入网。富勒姆第分钟扳平，米特洛维奇传球，塞塞尼翁码处捅射右下角入网。卡迪夫城下半场再入球，第分钟，里德传球，帕特森码处扫射左下角入网。第分钟，卡马拉萨禁区右侧传中，哈里斯小禁区左侧近距离捅射入网。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>FIAT'ın son büyük hit otomobili, retro görünümünü koruyan yeni 500 oldu.
Polonya'da üretilen makine 2013 yılında 1 milyon adet barajını aştı. Son zamanlarda sıkıntılı günler geçiren A segmenti, bu kategorinin en başarılısı FIAT'ı bile modeli iptal etme fikrine itiyor. Umarız PSA ile yapılacak anlaşma sonrasında 500 hayatta kalabilir. Nice 120 yaşlara, FIAT!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Marfan Syndrome in Children
What is Marfan syndrome in children?Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the body's connective tissue. Connective tissue holds the body's cells, organs, and other tissue together. Connective tissue is also important in growth and development.
What causes Marfan syndrome in a child?
Marfan syndrome is caused by an abnormal gene. The affected gene is FBN1. It helps make a protein in connective tissue called fibrillin-1. The abnormal gene happens as follows:
- In about 3 out of 4 cases, the gene is inherited from a parent who is affected. Each child of an affected parent has a 1 in 2 chance of having the disorder (autosomal dominant inheritance).
- In about 1 out of 4 cases, the abnormal gene is from a new mutation. It is not inherited from a parent. Researchers believe this happens more often when the father is older than 45. The child also has a 1 in 2 chance of passing on the gene.
Marfan syndrome occurs about equally in boys and girls. It also occurs in all races and ethnic groups.
Which children are at risk for Marfan syndrome?A child is more likely to have Marfan syndrome if he or she has a parent with the disorder.
What are the symptoms of Marfan syndrome in a child?
A child with Marfan syndrome can have many different signs and symptoms. The syndrome can affect the heart and blood vessels, bones and joints, and eyes. Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. They can include:
- Abnormal facial appearance
- Eye problems such as nearsightedness
- Crowding of teeth
- Tall, thin body
- Abnormally shaped chest
- Long arms, legs, and fingers
- Laxity of joints
- Curved spine
- Flat feet
- Poor healing of wounds or scars on the skin
- Dilation of the aortic root (the initial part of the aorta as it arises from the left ventricle)
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Pulmonary disease (such as emphysema or spontaneous pneumothoraces)
The symptoms of Marfan syndrome can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
How is Marfan syndrome diagnosed in a child?
The healthcare provider will ask about your child’s symptoms and health history. He or she will give your child a physical exam. The health care provider will ask about any family history of Marfan syndrome. To be diagnosed with Marfan syndrome, your child must have some specific health problems affecting the heart, blood vessels, bones, and eyes.
Your child may also have tests, such as:
- Electrocardiography (ECG). A test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It shows abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias).
- Echocardiography. An exam of the heart that uses sound waves. It creates moving pictures of the heart.
- Dilated eye exam. A complete eye exam that includes the inside of the eye.
- Computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (CT or MRI scans). Imaging tests that check for abnormal bones or joints.
- FBN1 gene testing. A blood test to check for the abnormal gene.
How is Marfan syndrome treated in a child?
Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.
There is no cure for Marfan syndrome. Treatment is based on which organs are affected. Your child will be closely watched for problems by getting regular checkups, echocardiography, and complete eye exams.
Heart problems are treated by a pediatric cardiologist. This is a doctor with special training to treat heart problems in children. The treatment may include:
- Heart medicine. This includes beta-blockers. These medicines ease the work of the heart. As your child grows, he or she will probably need higher doses of the medicine.
- Surgery. This is to repair the aorta. It may be planned or it may be an emergency surgery. A child may also have surgery to repair heart valves. And some children may need a heart transplant.
Bone and joint problems are treated by a doctor with special training (orthopedist or orthopedic surgeon). Treatment may include braces, therapy, or surgery.
Eye problems are treated by an eye specialist (ophthalmologist). Treatment may include medicine or surgery.
What are the possible complications of Marfan syndrome in a child?
Children with Marfan syndrome are at risk for serious complications, especially of the heart and blood vessels. They include:
- Mitral valve prolapse. An abnormal valve between the left atrium and ventricle of the heart. This allows blood to flow backward from the ventricle to the atrium.
- Fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia or dysrhythmia)
- Aortic regurgitation. An abnormal valve between the aorta and left ventricle. This allows the blood to flow backward. The left ventricle has to work harder, and there is less blood flow to the rest of the body.
- Aortic dilation and dissection. An enlarged and weakened aorta. The aorta tears, and there is bleeding in the chest or belly (abdomen). Some dissections are medical emergencies.
- Heart failure. The heart is not able to pump as well as it should.
- Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy)
Children may also have complications affecting other
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distribute copies or phonorecords of copyrighted works by means of sale, transfer of ownership, or by rental. In addition, the distribution right creates a statutory right called the right of first publication. This lesson is intended as an introduction to the distribution right; its approach is to review the statutory basis for the distribution right and to review the basis for the right of first publication. This lesson is useful as both an introduction to the exclusive right of distribution, as well as a review.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>PAT
Bu diagramda hamle Siyah'tadır. Şahını güvenli bir kareye gidemez. Oynayacak hamlesi yoktur. Ne oluyor? ŞAH MAT değil çünkü ŞAH ÇEKİLMEMİŞ. Bu durum PATTIR. Şahın ŞAH ÇEKİLMEMİŞ olmasına rağmen, mümkün hamlesi olmadığı duruma PAT denir. Sonuç BERABEREDİR.
Burada Siyah ŞAH TEHDİDİ altında değil ve Şah herhangi bir yere gidemez. PAT mı? Hayır değil! Unutmayın PAT ŞAH ALTINDA olmadığınız ve HİÇBİR taşınızı oynayamadığınız durumdur.
Başka bit PAT vaziyeti. Siyah nereye giderse gitsin Şah tehdidi altına girecektir. Unutmayın ki iki Şah asla yan yana duramaz.
Bu örnek köşedeki şahın nasıl Vezir tarafından PAT edildiğini gösteriyor. Siyah &Şah, ŞAH ALTINDA değil ama Vezir gidebileceği tüm kareleri KONTROL EDİYOR. Yine PATSonuç BERABERE
Rakibinizin tek şahı kaldığında PAT yapmamak için çok DİKKATLİ olmalısınız. Piyon tahtanın sonuna gelince başka bir taşa (genelde Vezir) dönüştüğünü hatırlayın. Eğer Beyaz Piyonuyla Vezir (veya Kale) çıkarsa yine PAT olur. Siyah'ın hamlesi yoktur.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>"Toplum içindeki kişiliğimiz, başkalarının zihinlerinin ürünüdür. Bir tanıdığı görmek gibi son derece sıradan bir olay bile zihinsel bir eylem anlamı taşır.Rastladığımız insanın fiziksel görüntüsünü, ona ilişkin bütün
düşüncelerimizle donatırız ve böylece oluşan genel imge bağlamında bu düşünceler önemli rol oynar... Öyle ki, o yüzü her gördüğümüzde ve o sesi her duyduğumuzda aslında karşılaştığımız, o insana ilişkin kendi düşüncelerimizdir. "
Marcel Proust<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>As mentioned in How Computers Calculate, computers ultimately just do a few very simple operations. They have so much power because they can repeat the same operation any number of times, and do so very quickly. Programmers use loops to tell a computer to repeat an operation.
Use the "repeat-until" block to create a loop. Put instruction blocks inside the loop, which will be executed on each run (or iteration) through the loop. The loop is set to stop once the goal is reached.
Level 3 - Use the loop!
Level 4 - Find the right steps to take each loop.
Level 5 - You don't need to put all your code in the loop.
Go on to the next page for level 6.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Editor's Picks(1-4 of 12)
Women and the Economy in India, American view
India’s economy has undergone a substantial transformation since the country’s independence in 1947. Agriculture now accounts for only one-third of the gross domestic product (GDP), down from 59
percent in 1950, and a wide range of modern industries and support services now exist. In spite of these changes, agriculture continues to dominate employment, employing two-thirds of all workers. Furthermore, despite advances in the economy, large segments of the population are destitute. Some
estimate that over one-third of the population is living below the poverty line (The World Bank, 1997).
India faced economic problems in the late 1980s and early 1990s that were exacerbated by the Persian Gulf Crisis.1 Starting in 1992, India began to implement trade liberalization measures. The economy has grown—the GDP growth rate ranged between 5 and 7 percent annually over the period 1993-97 (The World Bank, 1998)—and considerable progress has been made in loosening government regulations, particularly restrictions on private businesses. Nevertheless,India remains one of the world’s most tightly regulated major economies (Heitzman and Worden,1996).
Indian Culture Restricts Women’s Access to Work
India is a multifaceted society where no generalization could apply to all of the nation’s various regional, religious, social, and economic groups. Nevertheless, certain broad circumstances in which Indian women live affect the ways they participate in the economy. Indian society is extremely hierarchical with virtually everyone ranked relative to others according to their caste (or caste-like group), class, wealth, and power. This ranking even exists in areas where it is not openly acknowledged, such as certain business settings.Though specific customs vary from region to region within the country, there are different standards of behavior for men and women that carry over into the work environment.Women are expected to be chaste and especially modest in all actions (Dube and Palriwala, 1990), which may constrain their ability to perform in the workplace on an equal basis with men. Another related aspect of life in India is purdah—literally, the veiling and seclusion of women. Fewer women, especially younger women, observe purdah today, but those who still do face constraints beyond those already placed on them by other hierarchical practices (Heitzman and Worden, 1996). These cultural rules place some Indian women, particularly those of lower caste, in a paradoxical situation: when a family suffers economically, people often think that a woman should go out and work, yet at the same time the woman’s participation in employment outside the home is viewed as “slightly inappropriate, subtly wrong, and definitely dangerous to their chastity and womanly virtue” (Dube and Palriwala, 1990, p. 131). When a family recovers from an economic crisis or attempts to improve its status, women may be kept at home as a demonstration of the family’s morality and as a symbol of its financial security.As in many other countries, working women of all segments of Indian society face various forms of discrimination including sexual harassment. Even professional women find discrimination to be prevalent: two-thirds of the women in one study felt that they had to work harder to receive the same benefits as comparably employed men. It is notable that most of the women in this study who did not perceive discrimination worked in fields (e.g., gynecology) where few, if any, men competed against them (Liddle and Joshi, 1986).
Much of Women’s Economic Activity Not Reflected in Statistics
Although most women in India work and contribute to the economy in one form or another, much of their work is not documented or accounted for in official statistics. Women plow fields and harvest crops while working on farms; women weave and make handicrafts while working in household industries; women sell food and gather wood while working in the informal sector. Additionally, women are traditionally responsible for the daily household chores (e.g., cooking, fetching water, and looking after children). Although the cultural restrictions women face are changing, women are still not as free as men to participate in the formal economy. In the past, cultural restrictions were the primary impediments to female employment; now, however, the shortage of jobs throughout the country contributes to low female employment as well. The 1991 Indian census divides workers into two categories: “main” and “marginal” workers. Main workers include people who worked for 6 months or more during the year, while marginal workers include those who worked for a shorter period. Detailed data on marginal workers have not been tabulated from the 1991 census, but many of these workers are agricultural laborers. Unpaid farm and family enterprise workers are supposed to be included in either the main worker or marginal worker category, as appropriate (Registrar General and Census Commissioner (RGCC), 1993). Women account for a small proportion of the formal Indian labor force,even though the number of female main workers has grown faster in recent years than that of their male counterparts. The 1991 census shows that the number of male main workers increased 23 percent since the 1981 census while the number of female main workers increased 40 percent. However, women still accounted for only 23 percent (64.3 million) of the total. The reported labor force participation of women is very low. Fewer than one-quarter (22 percent) of women of all ages were engaged in work either as a main or a marginal worker in 1991, compared with just over half of men. Rural women were more likely than urban women to be counted in the census as working, 27 percent versus 9 percent, respectively (RGCC, 1993).
Informal Sector Important Source of Work for Women
Since Indian culture hinders women’s access to jobs in stores, factories, and the public sector, the informal sector is particularly important for women. More women may be involved in undocumented or “disguised” wage work than in the formal labor force. There are estimates that over 90 percent of working women are involved in the informal sector and not included in official statistics (The World Bank, 1991). The informal sector includes jobs such as domestic servant, small trader, artisan, or field labourer on a family farm. Most of these jobs are unskilled and low paying and do not provide benefits to the worker. Although such jobs are supposed to be recorded in the census, undercounting is likely
because the boundaries between these activities and other forms of household work done by women
are often clouded (Dube and Palriwala, 1990). Thus, the actual labor force participation rate for women is likely to be higher than that which can be calculated from available data.
Women’s Unemployment Rates Similar to Men’s
Unemployment is difficult to estimate in India and most unemployment statistics are likely to underestimate the true level of unemployment, particularly for women. This is due, in part, to the fact that many potential workers do not bother looking for work because they feel jobs are too scarce. Such people are rarely included in unemployment statistics. Also, there is not a strong motivation to register at employment offices because of the perceived minimal benefits of doing so. Different sources provide disparate pictures of the nature of unemployment in the country. According to employment-office statistics for 1996, there were 37.4 million unemployed people, of whom 22 percent were female (International Labour Office (ILO), 1997). The most useful unemployment data, however, come from the Indian National Sample Survey Organization that conducts periodic surveys
to estimate employment and unemployment rates. The most recent available survey (1990-91) showed that female unemployment rates were virtually the same as male rates; just over 2 percent for
each gender in rural areas, and just over 5 percent in urban areas. Data show substantial drops in unemployment rates since 1977- 78, particularly for women. At that time, the female unemployment rate was 4.1 percent in rural areas and 10.9 percent in urban areas, while the male rates were 3.6 percent and 7.1 percent, respectively (National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), 1994). The above trend in unemployment rates does mask other less-positive developments, however. Although
female unemployment rates were falling, there was not a corresponding increase in employment rates. For example, in 1977-78, 23.2 percent of all rural females were employed, but by 1990-91, the share of rural females employed remained essentially unchanged . For males, on the other hand, drops in their unemployment rate translated almost directly into comparable increases in their employment rate (NSSO, 1994).
Female Workers Relatively Young
Female workers tend to be younger than males. According to the 1991 census, the average age of all
female workers was 33.6 compared with the male average of 36.5. Among the youngest workers (ages 5 to 14), girls worked at nearly the same rate as boys — about 5 percent of children worked as main or marginal workers. As age increases, the ratio of female to male workers decreases. In the 25
to 29 age group, there were only 406 female workers for every 1,000 male workers, and for the age group 50 to 59, the ratio declined further to 340. Little has changed since 1981, though the number and the proportion of children under the age of 15 who were working has declined.
Vast Majority of Indians Work in Agriculture
Most female and male main workers are employed in agriculture (Figure 1). Agricultural employment is divided into three categories in the census: cultivators, agricultural laborers, and other agricultural work. Cultivators usually have some right to the land — they or their family own the land or lease it from the government, an institution, or another individual. In addition, cultivators may supervise or direct others. In contrast, agricultural laborers work on another person’s land for monetary wages or in-kind compensation. These workers have no right to the land on which they work. More than half (55 percent) of female agricultural workers are considered laborers, compared with just one-third of male agricultural workers. This suggests that most female workers are employed in lower-skilled, lower-paid positions, and are not the supervisors or owners of capital. Most female cultivators are members of a family that owns the land, rather than being the owners themselves (Kishwar and Vanita, 1985). The share of total female agricultural workers who were cultivators increased slightly between 1981 and 1991, from 41 to 43 percent. The only other sector of the economy that employs more than 5 percent of working women is the service sector (Figure 2). This sector, which includes occupations such as social work, government, teaching, religious activities, and entertainment, accounts for about
8 percent of all female main worker labor. Household and non household industries5 each employ about 4 percent of female main workers.
Women Face Wage Discrimination
Throughout the economy, women tend to hold lower-level positions than men even when they have
sufficient skills to perform higher level jobs. Researchers have estimated that female agricultural laborers were usually paid 40 to 60 percent of the male wage (Kishwar and Vanita, 1985). Even when
women occupy similar positions and have similar educational levels, they earn just 80 percent of what
men do, though this is better than in most developing countries. The public sector hires a greater share of women than does the private sector, but wages in the public sector are less egalitarian despite laws requiring equal pay for equal work (Madheswaran and Lakshmanasamy, 1996).
Technology Does Not Always Improve Women’s Employment
There is evidence that suggests that technological progress sometimes has a negative impact on women’s employment opportunities. When a new technology is introduced to automate specific manual labor, women may lose their jobs because they are often responsible for the manual duties. For instance, one village irrigated its fields through a bucket system in which women were very active. When the village replaced the manual irrigation system with a tube well irrigation system, women lost their jobs (Kishwar and Vanita, 1985). Many other examples exist where manual tasks such as wheat grinding and weeding are replaced by wheat grinding machines, herbicides, and other modern technologies. These examples are not meant to suggest that women would be better off with the menial jobs; rather, they illustrate how women have been pushed out of traditional occupations. Women may not benefit from jobs created by the introduction of new technology. New jobs (e.g., wheat grinding machine operator) usually go to men, and it is even rarer for women to be employed in the factories producing such equipment. Recent National Sample Survey data exemplify this trend. Since the 1970s, total female self-employment and regular employment have been decreasing as a proportion of total employment in rural areas, while casual labor has been increasing (NSSO, 1994). Other data reinforce the conclusion that employment options for female agricultural workers have declined, and that many women seek casual work in other sectors characterized by low wages and low productivity (National Commission for Women in India, 1993).
Female Employment Does Not Insure Economic Independence
Even if a woman is employed, she may not have control over the money she earns, though this money often plays an important role in the maintenance of the household. In Indian culture, as in many other countries, women are expected to devote virtually all of their time, energy, and earnings to
their family. Men, on the other hand, are expected to spend time and at least some of their earnings on activities outside the household. Research has shown that women contribute a higher share of their earnings to the family and are less likely to spend it on themselves (Dwyer and Bruce, 1988). Research has suggested that as the share of the family income contributed by a woman increases, so does the likelihood that she will manage this income (The World Bank, 1991). However, the extent to which women retain control over their own income varies from household to household and region to region. One study found that fewer than half of women gave their earnings to their husbands (Dwyer
and Bruce, 1988).6 The study also showed, however, that many women still sought their husbands’ permission when they wanted to purchase something for themselves. In northern India, where more stringent cultural restrictions are in place, it is likely that few women control family finances.
Relationship Between Women’s Education and Work Is Not Straightforward
The level of education is low in India; in 1991, only 39 percent of women and 64 percent of men were literate. The majority of those who are literate have only a primary education or less (RGCC, 1993). or men, as the level of education rises, the share that are main workers generally increases. Just over one-third of literate men who have no formal education work as main workers, while three quarters of those with post-high school educations are similarly employed. The effect of education on the employment status of women is not so straightforward. Higher levels of education for women do not directly translate into higher proportions of main workers. For example, 18 percent of illiterate women are employed as main workers, while just 11 percent of those with high school educations are employed as such. Not until women achieve a post-high school level of education are there dramatic improvements in their employment status—about half of all women who receive a post-secondary non-college diploma are employed as main workers. These women likely have received training for specific jobs. Surprisingly, women with university degrees do not have relatively high employment rates; only 28 percent of these women are employed as main workers. The confounding of the usual relationship between education and employment may be related to the likelihood that poorer and lower educated families require female members to work. Often, girls and young women work instead of receiving an education. Well-off and better-educated families may send their daughters to school, but are able to afford to follow the cultural practice of keeping women at home after schooling is complete. Not until women receive specialized post-secondary education do they see significant improvements in their employment rates.
Women Have Distinct Work Experiences in Different Areas
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Where would it end?
More like this
Where I do make a judgment is that the British, who were running a mandate in Palestine then, refused to consider the place in the 1930s as a home for all the persecuted Jews. There were many reasons for this, but nonetheless if there had been a move to open the gates to Palestine, that would have been an extraordinarily valuable thing to do. It is tragic in retrospect that something wasn’t done along these lines.
You have met a number of perpetrators of the Holocaust in your career. How was it that they could commit such terrible acts, even murdering babies and children?
A good example of this for me was [former SS member] Oskar Groening who we interviewed for our Auschwitz series. We asked him how the Nazis could murder children and he said that the enemy wasn’t the children but the blood in the children that would grow up to be a Jew. The reason they felt justified in their acts – and Himmler explicitly said this in a speech in 1943 – was that if you just killed the adults, the children would grow up to be avengers and they would come after your own children. So if you really loved your children then you should kill their children. If you were brave enough, you would have solved the problem for all time. That was the kind of stuff that was going on in their heads, I think.
So even after the Holocaust was over, some of those involved still felt they could justify it morally?
Yes, and this is one of the reasons I’ve carried on with this subject for 25 years. You dig and dig and dig and you can’t get to the bottom of it, because often you don’t expect the responses you get. If you talk, for example, to former members of the NKVD (Stalin’s secret police), who were involved in the horrendous deportations of Kalmyks or Chechens or Crimean Tatars, in the most part what they’ll say is: “If I didn’t do it I would have been shot.” And it’s very hard to go somewhere in an interview after that. But what was extraordinary about all these former Nazis is that I don’t think we ever heard that answer in all the years we were doing this. What we tended to hear was at the time they felt it was the right thing to do.
Does this not make Holocaust denial even more ridiculous, when the perpetrators themselves don’t deny it?
It does. One of the amazing things about Oskar Groening is the reason that he gave us an interview on camera. He was really upset at his stamp-collecting club when he came across a Holocaust denier and it almost felt to him like an attempt to deny his own experience. He said: “Don’t tell me it didn’t happen – I was there.” He spoke out because he was against Holocaust denial!
You’ve also spoken to a number of Jewish people who became part of the apparatus of the Holocaust. How did they deal with the moral complexities of their situation?
Some of the most extraordinary people I’ve met in my life are former sonderkommandos: people who were forced on pain of their own immediate death to assist the Germans in the running of the extermination machinery. They could be involved in disentangling bodies in the gas chambers after people had been murdered, sorting the belongings of Jews, burying bodies – doing the stuff of absolute nightmares. Of all the moral dilemmas you are ever going to face, this is one of the absolute toughest and I would never judge anyone in that situation because what are they going to do?
I will always remember a man, now dead, called Toivi Blatt, who was a sonderkommando at Sobibor death camp. I asked him what he had learned from this experience and he said – and I paraphrase him – “I’ve learned that nobody knows themselves, because it’s not until you are placed in a situation like this that you know who you are and what you are capable of.” He went on to add: “Sometimes I see people walking down the street and they’ll ask me for directions or I will ask them and I always look at them and think, ‘You seem like a nice guy, but what would you have been like in Sobibor?’”
It’s actually similar to something a former member of the SS said to me: that the trouble with the world today is people who have never been tested go around making judgments about people who have. That didn’t stop me believing that what he had done was disgusting and disgraceful, but it does make you think.
Do you think the Holocaust was the worst crime in human history?
I once asked Professor David Cesarani, who sadly died in 2015, this question and he said that in human history he couldn’t think of another case where a leader has decided that one ethnic-religious group will be exterminated down to the last baby and that he would create, in a short period of time, the mechanistic means to be able to achieve this.
And I agree with that. The Holocaust was ‘singular’. Stalin, for instance, was undoubtedly a monster responsible for the deaths of millions, but he never tried to exterminate an entire group of people. Large numbers of Kalmyks and Chechens survived his persecution. Whereas in certain areas of Europe there are virtually no Jews. There’s no question in my mind that had the war not ended when it did we would have had a situation in Europe where there was not one Jew. Not one.
The Holocaust by Laurence Rees is published by Viking. Laurence Rees is a historian, author and documentary film-maker, whose series have included The Nazis: A Warning from History, Auschwitz: The Nazis and ‘The Final Solution’ and Horror in the East. In 2009 he launched the website WW2History.com, a multimedia resource on the Second World War
This interview was first published in the January 2017 issue of BBC History Magazine
As well as being a historian and author, Laurence Rees is a former Head of BBC TV History, and has won many awards for his work, including a British Book Award, a BAFTA and two Emmys.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>backlink sorgula
Backlink Sorgulama: SEO İçin Önemi ve Adım Adım Nasıl Yapılır?
Backlink Nedir ve Neden Önemlidir?
Web siteleri arasındaki bağlantılar olan backlinkler, bir sitenin diğer sitelerden aldığı referanslar olarak tanımlanabilir. Backlinkler, arama motorları için bir web sitesinin otoritesi hakkında bir fikir edinmelerine yardımcı olur. Yani bir web sitesinin alabileceği kaliteli backlink sayısı, o web sitesinin otoritesini artırabilir.
Arama motorları, web sitelerinin ne kadar değerli olduğunu değerlendirirken backlinkleri de dikkate alır. Örneğin, bir web sitesi birkaç yüksek kaliteli ve güvenilir web sitesinden backlink alıyorsa, o web sitesi arama motorları tarafından daha yüksek bir sıralamada görünebilir. Bu nedenle, backlinkler SEO stratejilerinde önemli bir role sahiptir.
Bu bölümde, backlinklerin tanımını ve neden önemli olduğunu öğreneceksiniz.
Backlink Sorgulama Nedir?
Backlink sorgulama, bir web sitesinin hangi diğer web sitelerinden backlink aldığını ve bu backlinklerin niteliğini ölçmek için kullanılan bir tekniktir. Backlink sorgulama, SEO stratejilerinde önemli bir rol oynar, çünkü web sitesinin otoritesini belirlemek ve rakiplerini analiz etmek için kullanılabilir.
Backlink sorgulama araçları, web sitelerinin backlinklerini analiz etmek için kullanılan çeşitli araçlardır. Bu araçlar, backlink sayısı, kalitesi, kaynakları ve diğer özellikler hakkında ayrıntılı bilgi sağlarlar. Bu bilgi, bir web sitesinin backlink profili hakkında anlamlı kararlar vermek için kullanılabilir.
Bu bölümde, backlink sorgulama kavramının tanımını ve backlink sorgulama araçları hakkında bilgi edineceksiniz. Ayrıca, hangi verilerin backlink sorgulama araçları tarafından sağlandığı hakkında da bilgi alacaksınız.
Hangi Backlink Sorgulama Araçları Kullanılabilir?
Backlink sorgulama araçları, farklı özellikler ve fiyatlarla birlikte çeşitli seçenekler sunar. Ahrefs, SEMrush ve Moz gibi popüler backlink sorgulama araçları, web sitelerinin backlink profillerini analiz etmek için kullanılan en popüler araçlardan bazılarıdır. Bu araçlar, web sitelerinin backlinklerini inceleyerek, kaynaklarını, sayılarını, kalitelerini ve diğer özelliklerini ölçebilirler.
Ayrıca, birçok ücretsiz backlink sorgulama aracı da mevcuttur. Bunlar, backlinkleri analiz etmek ve web sitelerinin otoritesini belirlemek için kullanılabilir, ancak daha sınırlı veri sağlarlar.
Her backlink sorgulama aracının avantajları ve dezavantajları vardır. Bazı araçlar daha kapsamlı veriler sağlar, bazıları daha ucuzdur, bazıları ise kullanımı daha kolaydır. Bu nedenle, bir web sitesinin ihtiyaçlarına göre en uygun backlink sorgulama aracı seçilmelidir.
Bu bölümde, popüler backlink sorgulama araçları hakkında bilgi edineceksiniz. Ayrıca, ücretsiz backlink sorgulama araçları hakkında bilgi alacak ve her bir aracın avantajları ve dezavantajları hakkında bilgi edineceksiniz.
Backlink Sorgulama Nasıl Yapılır?
Backlink sorgulama, bir web sitesinin hangi diğer web sitelerinden backlink aldığını ve bu backlinklerin kalitesini ölçmek için kullanılan bir tekniktir. Backlink sorgulama yapmak için bir backlink sorgulama aracı kullanılabilir. Ayrıca, backlink sorgulama adımları şu şekilde özetlenebilir:
- Backlink sorgulama aracını seçin.
- Web sitenizin URL’sini girin.
- Backlink sorgusu başlatın.
- Backlink sonuçlarını inceleyin ve analiz edin.
- Backlink profili hakkında kararlar almak için sonuçları yorumlayın.
Backlink sorgulama sonuçları bazen yanlış pozitif veya yanlış negatif sonuçlar verebilir. Yanlış pozitif sonuçlar, bir web sitesinin gerçekte hiç almadığı backlinklerin listelendiği durumlardır. Yanlış negatif sonuçlar ise bir web sitesinin gerçekte aldığı backlinklerin listelenmediği durumlardır. Bu nedenle, backlink sorgulama sonuçları dikkatli bir şekilde yorumlanmalı ve yanlış sonuçlarla başa çıkmak için çözüm yolları bulunmalıdır.
Bu bölümde, adım adım backlink sorgulama sürecini öğreneceksiniz. Ayrıca, backlink sorgulama sonuçlarının nasıl yorumlanacağı ve yanlış pozitif/negatif sonuçlarla nasıl başa çıkılacağı hakkında bilgi alacaksınız.
Backlink Sorgulamanın SEO’ya Katkısı
Backlink sorgulama, web sitelerinin otoritelerini ve backlink profillerini ölçmek için kullanılan önemli bir tekniktir. Bu nedenle, backlink sorgulama, bir web sitesinin SEO stratejilerini oluştururken önemli bir rol oynar.
Backlink sorgulama sonuçları, bir web sitesinin hangi diğer web sitelerinden backlink aldığını ve bu backlinklerin niteliğini ölçerek, web sitesinin otoritesini belirlemek için kullanılabilir. Bu bilgi, bir web sitesinin backlink stratejisini optimize etmek ve daha yüksek bir sıralama elde etmek için kullanılabilir.
Backlink sorgulama sonuçlarına dayalı aksiyonlar almak, bir web sitesinin backlink profiline olumlu katkıda bulunabilir. Örneğin, web sitesi sahipleri, kaliteli backlinkler almak için uygun kaynakları ve hedefleri belirleyebilirler. Ayrıca, backlink profili hakkında bilgi edinerek, rakiplerin backlink stratejilerini de analiz edebilirler.
Bu bölümde, backlink sorgulamanın SEO stratejilerindeki önemini ve backlink sorgulama sonuçlarına dayalı aksiyonların nasıl alınabileceği hakkında bilgi edineceksiniz. Ayrıca, backlink sorgulama ve rakip analizi ilişkisi hakkında bilgi alacaksınız.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>L’argentino sblocca. Dopo pochi minuti un invasore gli lancia una sciarpa contro
I fischi del San Paolo non fermano Higuain, che sblocca la semifinale di ritorno. Un Napoli positivo viene punito al 32′. L’argentino riceve palla da Sturaro e fa partire un destro da fuori area: palla all’angolino e Reina battuto. In precedenza Callejon aveva sprecato una grande occasione, con un destro ravvicinato respinto da Neto. Prima del match Higuain era stato sommerso dai fischi, e aveva risposto con il gesto di indicare la tribuna vip, dove siedono il presidente de Laurentiis e gli altri dirigenti azzurri. La partita vive anche un fuoriprogramma, con l’invasione di campo dopo quattro minuti. Un solitario invasore con la maglia con lo stemma di Superman, la scritta “Ciro vive” ed un insulto alla Juve, ha puntato Higuain lanciandogli una sciarpetta contro prima di essere fermato dagli addetti alla sicurezza. Si tratta di Mario Ferri, 27enne, abruzzese di Montesilvano, il “falco” non nuovo a queste invasioni. La sua più famosa agli ottavi dei mondiali durante Belgio-Usa.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- About Us
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Studio Art 1 – Notan Designs
Students cut out geometric and organic shapes from a square piece of black paper. They then flipped the shapes over and glued them down onto the paper. Students applied what they learned about asymmetrical and symmetrical balance as well as negative and positive space when creating these beautiful designs.
Intermediate Art – Value Study
Students used a variety of materials such as charcoal, graphite, and watercolor, to explore how different and similar processes result in a range of values.
Intermediate, Advanced Art I, and Advanced Art II – Composition, Color, and Texture
Students chose two contrasting images from a magazine and wove them together. They then took this new and engaging composition and rendered it in colored pencil. Art principles and elements such as texture, shape, and color were all important in creating these pieces.
Sculpture – Hanging Mobiles
Students created hanging mobiles using miscellaneous materials which were inspired by either an artist or their work.
Can You Guess The Artist?
For their Midterm, Intermediate Art Students had to pick an artist and create a piece of artwork inspired by the work of that artist. For example, they could use the artist’s style but completely change the subject matter. They could exaggerate the artist’s concepts or find a way to convey them while still referencing the artist. Students could even use the same composition of an art piece, as long as they transformed it by using different materials as well as changing its meaning.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Quanto sono differenti le due versioni?
Ovviamente Battlefield 3 è decisamente più ricco su PC e non perdiamo tempo nel discutere di un'ovvietà. Ma il video confronto di Gamespy è utile per quantificare la differenza tra le due versioni.
Per quanto riguarda il look generale la versione console infatti si difende con una buona distanza visiva e un'illuminazione generale convincente. A fare le spese della minore potenza sono invece l'illuminazione dinamica, la risoluzione e gli alberi che compaiono dal nulla quando il personaggio si muove.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Avrupa Birliği (AB) Yönetim Kurulu, üye ülkeler ile Avrupa Parlamentosu (AP) arasında müzakere edilen Kritik Hammaddeler Kanunu konusunda anlaşmaya varıldığını duyurdu.
Anlaşmaya göre AB ülkeleri kritik hammaddeleri sürdürülebilir bir şekilde tedarik edecek.
Kritik hammadde listesinde toplam 34 ürün yer alacak.
Ayrıca bu listedeki 17 ürün de stratejik kritik hammaddeler olarak sınıflandırılacak.
Stratejik kritik hammaddelerin listesi, Avrupa’nın yeşil ve dijital amaçları ile savunma ve uzay dalları için değerli olan teknolojilerde kullanılan mineralleri içerecektir. Alüminyum, bor, kobalt, bakır, galyum, lityum, magnezyum, titanyum ve nikel stratejik kritik hammaddeler arasında yer alacak.
Yıllık tüketimin en az yüzde 10’u artacak
AB, bu hammaddelerin yıllık tüketiminin en az yüzde 10’unu çıkaracak, en az yüzde 40’ını işleyecek ve en az yüzde 25’ini geri dönüştürecek.
Ayrıca AB, herhangi bir stratejik hammadde tüketiminin yüzde 65’ten fazlasının tek bir yabancı ülkeden gelmemesini sağlamak amacıyla arzını çeşitlendirmeye yönelik önlemler alacak.
Büyük şirketlerin ayrıca kritik hammadde tedarik zincirlerine ilişkin düzenli risk değerlendirmeleri yapmaları gerekecektir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>با اینکه بهای هر کیلوگرم زعفران در یک سال اخیر بیش از ۲ برابر رشد داشته است اما نایب رییس شورای ملی زعفران می گوید قیمت فعلی نیز کفاف هزینه های تمام شده تولید را نمی دهد.
«غلامرضا میری» روز یکشنبه در گفتگو با خبرنگار اقتصاد ایرنا افزود: با توجه به شرایط اقتصادی، نوسان نرخ ارز و افزایش هزینه های تمام شده تولید، امسال قیمت هر کیلوگرم زعفران بین ۶ تا ۱۰ میلیون تومان معامله می شود در حالی که سال گذشته قیمت این محصول بین چهار میلیون و ۲۰۰ هزار تومان تا پنج میلیون و ۴۰۰ تومان بود.
وی با بیان اینکه عرضه و تقاضا تعیین کننده قیمت زعفران است، اظهار داشت: با وجود افزایش ۲ برابری نرخ تولید، بهای این محصول با توجه به افزایش هزینه های تمام شده تولید، منطقی نیست.
وی اضافه کرد: سال گذشته نرخ پاکسازی هر کیلوگرم زعفران برای هر کارگر بین ۵۰۰۰ تا ۷۰۰۰ تومان بود اما اکنون دستمزد کارگری روزانه برای پاک کردن هر کیلوگرم زعفران بین ۱۵ تا ۲۰ هزار تومان است.
«هر کارگر روزانه حداقل ۳ کیلوگرم زعفران پاک می کند که مبلغ دریافتی ماهانه بین ۱/۵ تا ۲ میلیون تومان می شود؛ این تنها هزینه کارگری بابت پاکسازی زعفران است.»
رییس اتحادیه صادرکنندگان زعفران گفت: وزارت جهادکشاورزی پیش بینی کرده امسال ۳۸۰ تا ۴۰۰ تن زعفران در سطح ۱۲۱ هزار هکتار از اراضی ۲۳ استان کشور تولید شود.
وی با یادآوری
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sarebbe stato necessario creare una "Europa centrale" (Mitteleuropa). Era basato sul blocco tedesco-austro-turco, con il coinvolgimento della Scandinavia e dell'Olanda. In ottobre 1915, il cancelliere Bettman-Golweg e il comandante in capo Falkenhain hanno finalmente risolto le loro divergenze sulla futura Federazione centrale europea basata sull'alleanza tedesco-austro-ungarica con l'inclusione del territorio del Belgio e della Polonia, oltre ai territori russi nel nord-est. Ottobre 30 Il ministro degli Esteri Yagov concorda con lo schema elaborato.
Ha stimato la situazione in Europa come segue: "Durante gli scontri tra il mondo tedesco e quello slavo, le tendenze panslaviche in Russia si rafforzeranno, e i tradizionali legami dinastici tra noi e San Pietroburgo saranno finalmente sepolti, e la Russia rimarrà il nostro nemico in futuro. La domanda se il bisogno di espellere l'impero moscovita semi-asiatico per Bug dovrebbe essere considerato come assolutamente necessario, dal momento che l'attuale turno storie ci obbliga, come rappresentanti della cultura occidentale, a respingere gli slavi per l'Elba, l'Oder e la Vistola ". Così, la Germania ha ufficialmente resuscitato il concetto di "assalto all'Oriente".
All'inizio di 1916, le autorità tedesche e austriache passarono a un rigido razionamento delle forniture, introdussero un sistema di razionamento per i prodotti alimentari e alcuni tipi di beni industriali. A Berlino, cominciò a temere la rivoluzione. Il generale Falkengain, il ministro di guerra dell'impero tedesco, non credeva senza ragione che se il blocco del mare non fosse stato rotto e la Romania avesse smesso di fornire petrolio e cibo, allora i paesi del blocco centrale avrebbero dovuto affrontare una crisi alimentare e delle materie prime, che avrebbe provocato una crisi sociale e politica.
Inghilterra e Francia. I paesi dell'Intesa, in particolare la Gran Bretagna e la Francia, si trovavano in una posizione strategica più vantaggiosa. Il periodo di relativa calma sul fronte occidentale in 1915, Inghilterra e Francia era usato per costruire il loro potenziale militare ed economico.
A causa della mobilitazione di riserve interne e risorse di domini e colonie (India, Australia, Canada, ecc.), La produzione di armi e munizioni è stata notevolmente aumentata. La Gran Bretagna e la Francia riuscirono a elevare il loro potenziale economico-militare per eliminare il ritardo della Germania nella produzione di armi e munizioni, in particolare artiglieria pesante e mitragliatrici. In un anno (gennaio 1915 - gennaio 1916) la produzione di fucili in Francia è cresciuta con 1,5, pistole di 5,8 e cartucce di oltre 50 volte. Durante lo stesso periodo, la produzione di mitragliatrici in Inghilterra è aumentata di oltre 5 e gli aerei - più dei tempi di 10. L'Inghilterra e la Francia hanno lanciato nuove branche dell'industria militare: la produzione di agenti chimici e agenti contro la protezione chimica. Nella seconda metà di 1915, le fabbriche francesi producevano fino a 6000 proiettili chimici al giorno e altrettante maschere antigas necessarie per rifornire l'intero esercito. L'Inghilterra e la Francia hanno iniziato una produzione di massa di qualità qualitativamente nuova оружия - serbatoi. Facendo affidamento sulle risorse umane e materiali degli imperi coloniali, la fornitura di materiale militare dagli Stati Uniti ha permesso all'Inghilterra e alla Francia di creare tali riserve nei mezzi di guerra che hanno pienamente fornito per i loro bisogni. Inoltre, Inghilterra e Francia potrebbero fornire supporto a Russia, Italia e all'evacuato esercito serbo. Nel complesso, la base materiale e tecnica della guerra dei paesi dell'Intesa all'inizio del 1916 superò la base delle Potenze centrali.
Per 1915, la Francia ha aumentato le dimensioni del suo esercito di 1,4 milioni e l'Inghilterra di 1,2 milioni. A maggio, il Parlamento britannico 1916 ha adottato una legge sulla coscrizione universale e, richiamando contingenti di domini, colonie e metropoli, ha portato il numero delle sue forze armate a 3 milioni. All'inizio di 1916, l'Intesa aveva divisioni 365 (Russia - 136 divisioni, Francia - 99, Inghilterra - 80, Italia - 36, Serbia - 6, Belgio - 6) e le Potenze Centrali - 286 divisioni (Germania - 159 divisioni, Austro- Ungheria - 63, Bulgaria - 12, Turchia - 52). Il numero totale di eserciti dell'Intesa raggiunse 18 milioni e le Potenze Centrali - 9 milioni.
Impero russo. L'impero russo ha anche ottenuto un certo successo nella costruzione della produzione militare. Le sconfitte di 1915 hanno costretto le autorità e l'industria a prendere misure radicali per ristrutturare l'economia sul piede di guerra. In Russia, infine, hanno intrapreso lo sviluppo dell'industria militare nazionale, creando una rete di nuove fabbriche per la produzione di pistole, fucili, polvere da sparo ed esplosivi e il coinvolgimento diffuso di imprese private nella fabbricazione di prodotti militari. Alla fine di 1915, la direzione dell'artiglieria principale ha sviluppato un programma di emergenza per la costruzione delle nuove fabbriche militari 37 (2 / 3 era stato pianificato per essere commissionato in 1916). È vero, questo programma non è stato completamente implementato, ma le nuove fabbriche che sono state commissionate in 1916 hanno già iniziato a fornire prodotti militari. Di conseguenza, l'impero russo iniziò ad emergere dalla crisi nel rifornire l'esercito di armi e munizioni. Da gennaio 1915 a gennaio 1916, la produzione di fucili in Russia è cresciuta con 3, pistole di 4-8 e vari tipi di munizioni da 2,5 a 5 volte.
Tuttavia, la Russia non ha ancora potuto ottenere la quantità necessaria di mezzi di lotta dalla sua economia. Pertanto, sono stati fatti tentativi per ottenere aiuto dagli alleati. A novembre, 1915 fu inviato in Inghilterra e in Francia da una missione militare russa guidata dall'ammiraglio A.I. Rusin. Doveva piazzare grandi ordini militari all'estero. La Russia aveva bisogno di polvere da sparo, toluene, automobili, trattori, filo spinato, ecc. Tuttavia, la missione non raggiunse pienamente il suo obiettivo. Riuscì a piazzare ordini solo per una parte dei necessari prodotti dell'esercito russo.
L'Inghilterra e la Francia, che in 1915 hanno ricevuto una tregua strategica e hanno lanciato la loro industria militare a pieno regime, non hanno fatto quasi nulla per rendere la loro alleata, la Russia, l'assistenza necessaria. Ciò creò difficoltà nel costruire il potere combattivo dell'esercito russo, che aveva ancora bisogno di armi e munizioni, specialmente di artiglieria pesante. "... La produzione interna", ha dichiarato M. V. Alekseev, 16 (29) di April 1916, "non può darci non solo pistole, ma anche proiettili in quantità sufficiente per eseguire almeno un'operazione che duri almeno 20 giorni. Un tentativo di acquisire cannoni pesanti in Inghilterra e Francia, principalmente calibri 6-dm, così necessari per noi per combattere rifugi e rifugi e pistole 42-mm falliti completamente. Non c'è speranza per la produzione di conchiglie appropriate ".
Allo stesso tempo, le risorse umane dell'Impero russo permettevano ancora di aumentare le dimensioni dell'esercito. Per 1915, l'attuale esercito ha ricevuto 3,6 milioni. In 1916 sono stati richiamati altri 3, di cui 2,5 milioni sono stati inviati direttamente in primo piano. I fronti Nord, Ovest, Sud-Ovest e Rumeno da 1 a Gennaio 1916 a 1 ad ottobre 1916 (per 9 mesi) hanno aumentato il loro numero da 4,3 milioni a 6,1 milioni. Fronte caucasico con 336 mille persone a 702 mille persone. In generale, il numero di soldati russi nei primi nove mesi di 1916 è aumentato da 4,7 milioni a 6,8 milioni. Questi rifornimenti furono usati per compensare le perdite (uccise, feriti e prigionieri di guerra), per formare nuove unità da combattimento e istituzioni posteriori. Allo stesso tempo, è apparso un nuovo problema: la crescita eccessiva delle istituzioni posteriori e il numero di persone che li hanno serviti. I tentativi di combattere questo male sociale non hanno avuto successo. Dovrebbe essere notato che era il retro che era un focolaio di disfattista e sentimento rivoluzionario.
All'interno della Russia, il movimento contro la guerra si espanse. Lavoratori e soldati si lamentavano sempre più della guerra. La resa, la diserzione, la fuga dal campo di battaglia da eventi eccezionali nel 1914 divenne un luogo comune. I disordini ricominciarono marina. Nell'ottobre 1915, si verificarono disordini nella corazzata Gangut, nell'incrociatore Rurik e in altre navi da guerra. La divisione nell'élite dell'Impero russo si intensificò, parte delle classi privilegiate e benestanti divenne in opposizione al regime zarista. La borghesia e l'intellighenzia occidentalizzate furono pesate dall'autocrazia. Ciò portò alla creazione del "blocco progressivo" borghese, che avrebbe criticato le politiche del regime zarista e l'accerchiamento dello zar (l'imperatrice, alcuni ministri e Rasputin) da un punto di vista "patriottico".
Il tentativo della Germania di coordinare i movimenti dei socialisti, separatisti e nazionalisti russi, finalizzati al collasso dell'impero russo, inizialmente non ha avuto molto successo. Tuttavia, i maestri di Inghilterra, Francia e Stati Uniti (il cosiddetto "mondo dietro le quinte", finanziario internazionale) si sono opposti anche alla Russia. Il loro obiettivo era il crollo di tutti gli imperi "autocratici" - il russo, l'austro-ungarico, il tedesco e l'ottomano, che interferivano con l'instaurazione del nuovo ordine "democratico" guidato dai clan "eletti". Pertanto, uno dei migliori agenti del mondo dietro le quinte, Parvus, iniziò ad agire contro la Russia. Tornato nella primavera di 1915, improvvisamente chiuse attività redditizie in Turchia e offrì i suoi servizi al governo tedesco. Presentò un memorandum: "La democrazia russa può realizzare i suoi obiettivi solo attraverso la completa distruzione dello zarismo e lo smembramento della Russia in piccoli stati. La Germania, da parte sua, non avrà successo se non avvierà una rivoluzione su larga scala in Russia ... Gli interessi del governo tedesco coincidono con gli interessi dei rivoluzionari russi ".
Fu proposto un piano per una guerra segreta contro l'Impero russo, che piacque molto al cancelliere tedesco Bethmann-Golweg, al ministero degli Esteri, al comando militare e allo stesso Kaiser. A Parvus furono immediatamente assegnati 2 milioni di marchi, poi un altro 20 milioni, e nella caduta di 1915 un altro 40 milioni di marchi. Parvus ha raccolto le fazioni in guerra dei socialdemocratici a settembre 1915 per una conferenza a Zimmerwald, in Svizzera. Il denaro riconciliava anche nemici come Lenin e Trotsky. I socialisti aumentarono notevolmente le possibilità della loro propaganda. Il denaro passò attraverso altri canali, per sostenere i Social Revolutionaries, i nazionalisti, i separatisti e tutti coloro che si opponevano al potere reale. I canali di finanziamento sono stati istituiti in Svezia, Norvegia e Romania. Così in Svezia, i soldi della Max Warburg Bank furono trasferiti alla "Nia Bank" di Stoccolma Ashberg, e da lì furono trasferiti in Russia.
Il cancello aperto per l'Impero russo era la Finlandia con autonomia. Non ha sopportato il costo della guerra, i suoi cittadini non sono stati arruolati nell'esercito. Precedentemente i sobborghi impoveriti della Svezia, e poi della Russia, erano ingrassati dal commercio di transito e dalla speculazione. Le autorità locali hanno esaminato le attività di vari "ospiti" dall'estero. Era impossibile premerli a causa dello status speciale del Granducato. Ha anche difeso la Duma russa. Di conseguenza, la Finlandia fu inondata di spie, e tutti coloro che desideravano attraversarono il confine dalla Svezia, trasportando pubblicazioni dirompenti, materiali di propaganda, armi e munizioni. La Finlandia è diventata un vero trampolino di lancio della rivoluzione dell'impero.
Le autorità russe non potevano pulire la parte posteriore. Va notato che in altre potenze controllava molto strettamente la situazione interna. Nell'impero tedesco, i sindacati stessi hanno vietato gli scioperi. Il Partito socialdemocratico tedesco ha annunciato che l'agitazione contro il governo in condizioni di guerra è un tradimento della madrepatria e dei compagni nell'esercito. Ogni violatore era in attesa di processo per tradimento. In Francia, fu introdotta una dittatura del retro, i lavoratori furono equiparati al personale militare e sottoposti alla disciplina militare. Le persone sospette sono state arrestate preventivamente, senza alcuna accusa! La Gran Bretagna ha approvato la "Legge sulla protezione del regno" e la "Legge sulla difesa dell'India", hanno abolito tutte le libertà disponibili. Fu istituita una rigorosa censura, il controllo statale sulle fabbriche e sui trasporti, fu permessa la confisca di ogni proprietà, furono vietati gli scioperi, furono istituiti tribunali, le cui sentenze non erano soggette ad appello.
E solo in Russia c'era una retroguardia "pacifica". Così in agosto 1915, le nostre truppe si lavarono il sangue, frenando l'assalto del nemico, e si ritirarono verso est, incapace di rispondere alle raffiche di artiglieria nemica, e le più grandi fabbriche della capitale, Putilovsky e Metallichesky, fecero sciopero, chiedendo un aumento del cerotto 20%. Lavoratori in Russia durante la guerra (!) Potrebbero colpire e radunare come vogliono. Solo a gennaio, 1916 in Russia, sono stati rilevati scioperi di 169, in cui 135 ha preso parte attiva migliaia di persone. Lo zar e il governo non osarono andare contro la Duma, dove prevalevano figure liberali. Lo zar inoltre non osò disperdere la Duma, poiché dietro di essa c'erano influenti industriali e banchieri che fornivano rifornimenti all'esercito. E i banchieri e i liberali mantennero relazioni con i rivoluz
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باید با بازی خیرهکننده کریستین بیل جوانتر در Realm Of The Sun مقایسه شود.
هر کار کلامی بهطور برجسته ترسیم شده است، مشروع است، تمام نوشتههای رمان تنها با یک نگاه یا چند چشم گفته میشود.
تصاویر زمانی که شما احساس پشیمانی کنید خود را در مورد شکوه و عظمت مناطق جنگی، انواع و آیه دافعه غیرممکن انسانی متعجب کنید. شکوه و عظمتی در آن نماهای عظیم وجود دارد، و کار دوربین در تمام طول به فرد کمک می کند تا Deakins یا Corridor را در بهترین لحظات خود به یاد بیاورد.
تصاویر بصری درخشان هستند - فیلم از آنها به خوبی استفاده می کند. که ممکن است اخیراً در برخی از فیلمهای درگیری استثنایی مانند 1917 یا مکانی که من وجود دارد (در زیر ساندت) دیده باشیم.
طیف متنوعی از آنها، پیشرفتها از نور شدید تا صحنههای آبی کمرنگ فوقالعاده سرد بهعنوان وسیلهای بسیار قوی استفاده میشود.
دگرگونکنندهها، عکسهای بسیار نزدیک در حال چرخش با رویاهای بزرگ و نیمه رویایی مانند تارکوفسکی خط مقدم، غیرقابل انکار برای تأثیری باورنکردنی استفاده میشوند.
اما، برای بازگشت به مقدمه در مورد "سردی" آن: تأثیر در اینجا به معنای نوازش ناظر نیست. این به معنای آشغالهای آموزندهای نیست که ما در فیلم All Quiet on the Western Frontهای جنگی به آن عادت کردهایم.
اثر در اینجا به همراهی دلالت دارد و بهترین نوع آن است: شما را میشکند، محو میکند، نکن مخلوط شود با این حال، این کار را با اجازه دادن به شما برای فکر کردن و احساس کردن انجام می دهد. سازندگان فیلم، در واقع و از همه جهات، بهترینهای مطلق خود را ارسال میکنند.
آنها «صرفاً» واقعیتی را به شما نشان میدهند که بسیاری حتی نمیتوانند آن را تصور کنند. بقیه در نهایت به روح و روان بیننده و مهمتر از همه به روح او بستگی دارد.
تازه ترین واریاسیون یکی از قسمت های اصلی جنگ نویسی، علی رغم انحرافات مختلف از منبع، یک فیلم عالی است.
تعداد قابل توجهی از تله های متداول حرکت جنگ جهانی اول را دور می زند. تصاویر. مانند این کتاب، داستان بر اساس دیدگاه آلمانی روایت میشود و هیچ یک از طرفین آنگونه که در فیلم All Quiet on the Western Frontهایی مانند این اتفاق میافتد، انسانیتزدایی یا تقبیح نشده است. در مرکز آن، این یک داستان بسیار انسانی است، در مورد افراد معمولی در هر دو طرف که توسط سخت افزار یک درگیری خشن و احمقانه برگردانده می شوند. خوشبختانه هیچ شجاعتی به تصویر کشیده نشده است، بنابراین قطعاً هیچ خطری برای بیرون آمدن از این باور وجود ندارد که جنگ "باحال" است. بلکه چند بدبختی انسانی را تا حدودی اخیراً از درگیری نشان می دهد، در حالی که اکنون تبادلات هماهنگی در جریان است و به طور قابل توجهی قابل اجتناب است.
تمایز سربازان، نبرد و عبور در خاک و افراد بالاتری که هنوز در اسراف زندگی می کنند، ترتیب دادن و هیچ ربطی به اخراج مرد در حال نابودی خود ندارند، بسیار خوب انجام شده است.
به طور کلی فیلم جوهر تضاد نزدیک با آب و هوای فوق العاده سخت را دریافت می کند. . من از دو چیز آزار میدهم.
اول: وقتی قهرمانان در سال 1917 به نبرد فراخوانده میشوند، واقعاً برای این کار تقویت میشوند و من میپرسم که این امر تا اواخر درگیری معقول است. در واقع، حتی آن همه اعلامیه هرگز نمیتوانست مسیری را که درگیری برای مدتی قابل توجه بدون افزایش محسوس در جبهه غرب برای تقریباً طولانی مدت رخ داده بود، از بین ببرد. سربازان جوان ممکن است هنوز در هوا باشند تا مسئولیت خود را انجام دهند، اما من اساساً نمی توانم تصور کنم که آنها کاملاً هیجان زده باشند، زیرا همه به طور فعال دوستان و خانواده خود را در جنگ از دست داده بودند.
دوم: در آن زمان بین علامت گذاری آتش بس و زمانی که آتش بس کامل شد، آلمان ها یک حمله فوق العاده را انجام دادند. در واقع، آلمانیها دیگر در موقعیتی نبودند که وارد عملیات خصمانه شوند، این مضحک است. در واقع این شرکا بودند که آن حملات کشسان مرده را ارسال کردند.
در جبهه غرب خبری نیست را محو نمیکند، اما نمیدانم چرا آنها این انتخابها را دنبال کردند زیرا افراد به آن اعتماد خواهند کرد. در مجموع، هر چند فیلم بدون اینکه بیش از حد موعظهانگیز باشد، با نشان دادن دافعههای دستگاه درگیری، خود را روشن میکند. در واقع، حتی اگر ممکن است به اختصار یک قطعه در وسط باشد.
در یک نکته بی ربط: به نظر می رسد ژنرال آلمانی در فیلم All Quiet on the Western Front دکتر اگمن از سونیک باشد. واضح است که این بر امتیاز من تأثیر نمی گذارد، اما به من کمک نکرد که با او رفتار جدی داشته باشم.
تضاد در جبهه غرب خبری نیست معروف و بازخوانی های 1930 و 1979 در یک نظرسنجی جذاب است، اما من وارد این دیدگاه نمی شوم. در جبهه غرب خبری نیست یک برخورد هولناک و واقعاً ناراحت کننده است زیرا صحنه هایی از درگیری های خونین را مدیریت می کند که شاید قبلاً با چنین قدرت و شفافیتی نمایش داده نشده بود. برای ترسوها نیست این "1917" جدید هم از نظر برداشت اولیه و هم از نظر اهمیت عمیقاً حکایت از آن دارد (کمتر از تنظیم تک برداشت سام مندز). این یک اتفاق تصادفی است که جدول زمانی داستان در هفت روز اصلی نوامبر، با آتش بس در ساعت 11 صبح یازدهم نوامبر است. رئیس ادوارد برگر هر امکانی را بررسی کرده است تا تنفرهای نبرد را با شفافیت خیره کننده ای که تقریباً همه چیز را آشکار می کند به صفحه نمایش دهد. فیلم با لحنهای کمرنگی عکاسی شده است. هیچ چیز بی تکلف یا توصیه نمی شود. به طور کلی دقیقاً در مقابل شما واضح است و بسیار نزدیک با درد و غم و اندوه و خون از اعضای آسیب دیده بدن. منطقه نبرد بسیار کاربردی است، اجساد پرتاب شده، تعداد بی شماری از مکان های استراحت نهایی، آب و هوای سرد، بارش برف، مه، کانال درهم و برهم، سیم های خار، چهره های جامد گلی مبارزان خسته، مالیخولیا، تشدید ویرانی، دردسر، دلتنگی، دلهره، توقع خنثی شده آشکار است زیرا هموطنان جوان در شرایط خطرناکی که هرگز تصورش را نمیکردند به سرعت عمل میکنند. غم انگیز صحنه ای است که از یک جوان درخواست می شود تا شناسنامه های اجساد را از رزمندگان جمع آوری کند. وضعیت رقت انگیز جنگجویان مشتاق در رابطه با سبک ثروتمند فرماندهان آلمانی که دستورات جنگی را ارائه می دهند، متفاوت جلوه می کند. صحنه های نبرد تن به تن یک ساعت واقعا ناراحت کننده است. ژنرال آلمانی متاسف است که "50 سال است و هنوز درگیری وجود ندارد؟" و به خطاب به "جنگنده بدون جنگ چیست؟" ادامه می دهد. در یک صحنه مشاوره، ژنرال آلمانی به افراد سرباز توصیه می کند که چند دقیقه قبل از آتش بس با نتایج غم انگیز وارد جنگ شوند. با فرض اینکه در هر نقطه ای دشمنی از فیلم جنگی وجود داشته باشد، این یکی است. صحنه سرگرم کننده اصلی صحنه ای است که در آن دو جنگجو یک غاز را می گیرند، آن را می پزند و با ذوقی باورنکردنی با دیگران عرضه می کنند.
با جدیت تمام - من کتاب را مطالعه نکرده ام این بستگی دارد. با این حال، من فیلمی را که در سال 1930 ساخته شد تماشا کردم. در واقع شما درست خواندید... فیلمی که قدمت آن بسیار نزدیک به 100 سال است. همچنین، در صورتی که آن را تماشا کنید یا آن را دیده باشید، متوجه میشوید که دقیقاً هیچ یک از تماسهای خود را از دست نداده است ... یا دوباره هیچ یک از پیامهای خود را از دست نداده است. برخی می توانند بگویند که کامل شده است (علاوه بر این با جدیت تمام). پس چگونه باید بازخوانی دیگری ساخته شود، در صورتی که در حال حاضر یک فیلم ایده آل باشیم؟ خوب در واقع شما می توانید به طور مداوم هر چیزی را به روز کنید ... بنابراین به نظر من به عنوان نقطه شماره یک وجود دارد.
اما این همه چیز نیست - بدیهی است که در جبهه غرب خبری نیست تکان دهنده به نظر می رسد (بدیهی است که در نتفلیکس برخی چیزها تنظیم شده است. در حرکت است و یک فیلم عالی در اینجا ساخته است). در حالی که اقتباس دیگر نیز واقعاً حیرتانگیز است - تأثیرات در واقع کار میکنند و اساساً به همان اندازه عملی است که میتوان انتظار داشت... درصورتیکه بدش نمیآید این دو نوع را به وضوح تماشا کنید. واضح است که در دهه 70 دیگری وجود دارد ... در هر صورت، من هنوز آن را تماشا نکرده ام و قصد ندارم آن را در آینده نزدیک تماشا کنم.
صحبت از آینده: این بازی در گذشته به وضوح، با این حال، از آنجایی که به یک کتاب بستگی دارد ... آن کتاب برای نشان دادن دافعه بودن جنگ ساخته شده است (جنگ بزرگ دوم) ... هر چند ممکن است به همین ترتیب در مورد درگیری های دیگری نیز به کار رود ... علاوه بر این، تا حدودی یک علامت هشدار قبلی برای آنچه بعداً به جنگ بزرگ دوم تبدیل شد ... به طرز غم انگیزی هیچ کس تنظیم نمی کرد ... یا از طرف دیگر به اندازه کافی عمداً تنظیم نمی شد.
صحبت در مورد تنظیم: موسیقی متن در جبهه غرب خبری نیست در اینجا، اساساً به اندازه فیلمبرداری شگفت انگیز است. علاوه بر این، یک جلوه صوتی که ممکن است واقعاً بر شما تأثیر بگذارد ... همانطور که باید باشد. داستان و روشی که چیزها منتقل می شوند در واقع می خواهند به همین ترتیب انجام دهند. من به طور استثنایی سؤال می کنم که بسیاری پس از تماشای در جبهه غرب خبری نیست ثبت نام کنند ... معکوس باورنکردنی. و با در نظر گرفتن این که فیلم با موجودات شروع می شود و ... خوب یک آرامش ... به سرعت می چرخد و حقیقت غم انگیز جنگ را به ما نشان می دهد. تکمیل قطعه ای است که شبیه فیلم اول نیست... در هر صورت لحن آن چیزی شبیه به آن است... بنابراین بیش از حد شگفت زده نخواهید شد... پس باز هم فیلم هرگز آن را محرمانه نمی کند... هرگز باعث نمی شود که بپرسید پیام آن چیست...
دیدن داستانی در مورد جنگ جهانی اول بر اساس دیدگاه آلمانی باورنکردنی است، ما به اندازه کافی این را برای توضیح واضح نمی بینیم که مایه شرمساری واقعی است. تاریخ توسط فاتحان ساخته شده است، با این حال چند کتاب خارقالعاده از دیدگاه آلمانی وجود دارد، اما در کنار هیچ فیلمی وجود ندارد، هرکسی که روی مبانی درگیریهای جهانی تمرکز کرده باشد، میداند که 99.9 درصد از سربازان/قدرتهای آلمانی/هاب در حال نبرد بودند. در هر صورت، آنچه که آنها صرفاً به عنوان یک جنگ تلقی میکردند، این مؤلفههای ظالمانه حزب نازی است که به طور کلی تا به امروز به طور مداوم در کانون توجه قرار دارد.
بیشتر این تظاهرات به عنوان وحشیگری تلقی میشوند. به ویژه در دوره جاری که در آن حساسیت های برتر به طرز ظالمانه ای قضاوت می کنند، اما از دستیابی به زمان و دوره ای که این موارد رخ داده است غفلت می کنند. شما فقط باید به شرق آلمان نگاه کنید و روی مجموعه تجربیات آنجا در این دوره تمرکز کنید تا احتمالاً بیرحمانهترین تظاهراتی را که در بسیاری از فیلمهای «هالیوودی» نخواهید یافت، پیدا کنید.
در جبهه غرب خبری نیست علاوه بر این، درگیریهای سیاسی و چیدمان ورسای را پوشش میدهد که باز هم گنجانده نشده است، اما استانداردی ابزاری و انرژیبخش برای دفاع برای جنگ جهانی دوم بود. من احساس میکنم که فیلم در اینجا میتوانست جسورانهتر باشد، در هر صورت، چون یک فیلم آلمانی آهنگسازی و هماهنگ شده است، آنها موقعیت غیر عاطفی را در اینجا اتخاذ کردهاند.
من نظرسنجیها را دیدهام. به "جنگ" اوکراین و اهمیت جنگ جهانی اول توجه کنید، که تماماً آشغال است و این افراد کاملاً از درک یا انجام کار خود غافل شدهاند. مبارزه اوکراین در مقایسه با آن صرفاً یک درگیری خطی است.
همچنین , کمتر - 1 ستاره برای "واگر" در آخرین صحنه نبرد که افراد خاصی را پایین و کثیف نشان می دهد متاسفانه این در حال حاضر صرف نظر از مدت زمانی که برمی گردید اجباری به نظر می رسد.
All Calm on the Western Front داستانی در هسته اصلی جنگ جهانی اول را بازگو می کند. داستانی که تمام هدف آن به تصویر کشیدن بی هدفی و بی ارزشی نبرد و همچنین به تصویر کشیدن میزان عظیم انرژی و جوانی تلف شده و مشخصاً کمبود هر قهرمانی در جنگ است.
فیلم درباره بدبختی است و چقدر بیهوده است. با این حال، چنین پرش دوره ای برای درک این موضوع بسیار مفید نیست.
اگرچه فیلم در مجموع در ساختن محیطی از معاشرت و همراهی و جدای از پل باومر کرمر تأثیر استثنایی نداشته است. رابطه با کت که از طریق مطالعه نامه های همسرش شکل می گیرد، دیگر ارتباطات چندان شکل نمی گیرد.
همه آرامش در جبهه غربی بر کثیف بودن مسائل حکومتی و قانونگذاران و استثمار تاکید می کند، همه چیز در نظر گرفته شده است. . محتوای فیلم با داستان های برابرش به خوبی این موضوع را تایید می کند. فیلم مضحک نبرد را با چنین شیرین کاری های زیرکانه و فیلمنامه ای سخت می گیرد.
در پایان باید گفت که در جبهه غرب خبری نیست دشمن آثار جنگی است که مضحک و بیهوده بودن جنگ را به تصویر می کشد. و به عنوان روایتی از جوانی که همه چیز و جان خود را از دست داده است، نشان می دهد که جنگ فقط هیچ بدبختی نداشته است و بدیهی است که فقط یک دور درهم ریخته از سیاستمداران است.
این بار این ایده به عنوان یک داستان در جنگ جهانی اول توصیف شده است. حکایتی درباره جبهه غرب و جدال آلمان و فرانسه بر سر زمینی چند متری که فقط اجساد به جا مانده و چیزی در آن تغییری نکرده است. در پایان می توان گفت: «در جبهه غرب همه آرامند».
فیلم All Calm on the Western (که در نتفلیکس قابل دسترسی است) بدون شک یکی از حیرتانگیزترین فیلمهای جنگی است که تاکنون دیدهام. برای تغییر، این یک فیلم جنگ جهانی دوم نیست و هنوز یک فیلم جنگ جهانی اول نیست.
از نگاه یک جنگجوی بدون تصمیم برای دیدن خوب و بد بودن، نبرد را می بیند. تصمیم واحد هنوز نبرد. در واقع، حتی نویسنده اصلی/داستان نیز در اینجا به مسائل قانونی که ارزش قضاوت قابل توجهی دارند وارد نمی شود. بنابراین شما نمی بینید که هیچ قدرت متحدی مانند بخش بزرگی از فیلم های جنگ جهانی دوم به درگیری علیه هاب مشروعیت نمی بخشد - قهرمان مجموعه تجربیاتی را که می بینید پیش نویس می کند ... سپس دوباره بی دفاعی، دوری و بدبختی انسان را با فشار همیشه می بینید. فشار دهید، نوک بزنید و در اینجا مصرف کنید. هرکسی که در سالن ها نشسته است و با زائده های ضعیف خود به صدف صدف صدف صدف می زند و با تشنگی خون خواستار جنگ با دشمنان می شود، باید به صندلی ها بچسبد و در جبهه غرب خبری نیست را نشان دهد - آنها احساس تند، خشن و انواع عذاب ها را خواهند داشت تا هرگز هرگز نشوند. یکی را بخواهید!
جدایی طبقات بالاتر ارتش با عوامل و وحشیگری های واقعی به خوبی به تصویر کشیده شده است.
نه برای ترسوها. اینجا قصابی بیشتر از وحشیگری است. منطقی است که بعد از در جبهه غرب خبری نیست آرام نگیرید مگر اینکه انسان نباشید! با این حال، ارزش دیدن را دارد، زیرا پیام، معنا و یادگیری دارد.
مثل Detachment، Burger Slope و غیره که در آن یک جوان مملو از اعتمادها بدون اینکه بفهمد چه دافعه هایی دریافت می کند، از جنگ خارج می شود. در - اما با تمایز تنظیم، مقیاس و درجه. مطمئناً فرد شما را برای مدت طولانی عذاب می دهد کاهش می دهد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Rise of Information and Communication Technologies
Before computers became commonplace, companies had an idea of remote work that differs from what we now call telecommuting. Companies would open satellite offices to which employees could commute instead of traveling all the way to the central office.
The availability of satellite offices improved the lives of workers, by reducing the amount of time they spent between work and home. Employees could often walk, bike, or ride the bus to work instead of spending hours on the freeway in a car. Of course, not every company could afford to establish a satellite office,
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遭遇土匪抢劫银行，枪战中高彻躲过一枪，子弹却向渡边惠子飞去，乔文冲上来掩护，无奈为时已晚，渡边惠子不幸死去，攀连长得知情报后，并将抗日战士许燕云化装成已被击毙的渡边幸雄的女儿渡边惠子潜入宁县日军内部，打探有关文物的运送情报以及作战路线图，从而防止国宝流失。而就在日军查到洛神赋图下落时，傍晚日军准备前去抢夺，却被潜入敌军内部的许燕云暗中破坏，敌人的两次行动遭受失败，与此同时，日军也循着蛛丝马迹已经开始察觉到有内奸通风报信，于是并敞开一系列的搜查。这时许燕云意识到了危险，也加快了行动的步伐。她注意到渡边幸雄曾经居住过的小楼已被封锁，渡边幸雄临死前绘制的路线图应该就藏在里面。隔天，日军抓到了两名抗日战士，正准备严刑拷打审问时，特务科科长江口义明心理想他们不可能从这里逃走？他们与其被日寇痛苦地折磨死，还不如……特务科科长江口义明直接拿起枪开枪打死后，不久许燕云决定铤而走险，她两次秘探小楼。第一次，她不小心惊动了日本巡逻兵，只好匆匆跳窗。第二次，她潜入小楼，刚找到路线图，却被义明发现，并在巡逻兵赶来之前，带她从地道脱险。随后，许燕云能否顺利拿到作战的路线图，将宁县的日军赶出城吗？最后江口义明在保护国家文物的战场上牺牲了。
刺锋1号电视剧全集在线观看和刺锋1号迅雷下载地址，一起体验刺锋1号西瓜影音、刺锋1号吉吉影音、QVOD快播、腾讯视频、搜狐、优酷、土豆网、乐视网、爱奇艺和百度云盘网盘等免费在线播放mp4以及720p 1080p高清版、国语版、粤语版、BD、HD资源种子thunder高清下载；刺锋1号什么时候上映播出，最新电影高清完整版、好看的电视剧全集尽在本站！查看更多 2013-11-10 14:24:01<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Situata in Nord Europa, la Norvegia comprende la parte occidentale della Scandinavia. Le sue coste frastagliate sono rotte da enormi fiordi e migliaia di isole che si estendono per molti chilometri. La linea di confine è condivisa con la Svezia per 1619 km, con la Finlandia per 727 km e infine a est con la Russia per 196 km.
La Norvegia è lo stato europeo più settentrionale, spingendosi alla latitudine di 71°11′ dove si trova il promontorio di Knivskjellodden, situato di poco più a nord rispetto al Capo Nord. Occupa anche la parte più occidentale della penisola scandinava, estendendosi per circa 1.700 km da nord a sud. È attraversata dal circolo polare artico; per questo nelle zone settentrionali si possono osservare fenomeni quali il sole di mezzanotte in estate e l’aurora boreale in inverno. Fa parte della Regione biogeografica boreale.
Il territorio della Norvegia continentale si estende per 323.802 km2 ed è principalmente montuoso, essendo attraversato da nord a sud dalle Alpi Scandinave. Il punto più alto è rappresentato dal Galdhøpiggen (2.469 m), situato nel massiccio del Jotunheimen; le altre cime più alte sono il Glittertind (2.465 m), fino a poco tempo fa considerato come la vetta maggiore, e lo Store Skagastølstind (2.403 m). Nella parte meridionale ci sono molte zone costiere e pianeggianti.
Legato geologicamente allo scudo baltico, il territorio norvegese ha una conformazione che di recente ha solo il sollevamento terziario e la creazione dei fiordi, avvenuta nell’ultima fase di erosione. La struttura di base, che risale ad ere molto antiche, è formata da un penepiano – ovvero una superficie di riempimento quasi piatta che può diventare pianura (se a livello del mare) o essere considerata altopiano – di rocce, su cui, durante l’orogenesi caledoniana, si innalzò violentemente la catena montuosa che oggi è la spina dorsale della penisola scandinava.
La stessa catena montuosa è poi il luogo di nascita di molti fiumi (diretti sia verso l’Oceano Atlantico e che quindi attraversano la Norvegia sia verso il Golfo di Botnia e che quindi attraversano la Svezia), nonché confine naturale e politico tra i due stessi paesi. Inoltre, nel Quaternario ebbe anche inizio l’opera di erosione e di modellamento delle glaciazioni, che scavarono profonde valli, arrotondarono i rilievi e consolidarono la rete fluviale.
In Norvegia sono frequentissimi gli altipiani, incisi dalle valli scavate dai ghiacciai; elemento dominante nel centro-sud del paese, l’altopiano è quasi assente nell’estremo nord. Nella zona più settentrionale (Finnmark) il rilievo comprende un unico vasto altopiano alto dai 300 ai 500 metri, il cui paesaggio è sporadicamente interrotto solo da alcuni gruppi collinari rari e non molto alti. Da qui si sviluppa lungo la costa la catena montuosa che corre verso sud-ovest e che attraversa tutto il paese. La parte centromeridionale è la più elevata e comprende anche alcuni ghiacciai oltre i 2000 m.
In generale il versante occidentale è ripido e scavato da valli che terminano sul mare formando i fiordi. Il lato interno dei Monti Scandinavi ha invece un’inclinazione più dolce.
Va poi detto che a tutte le latitudini sorgono porti e città ben riparati come Stavanger, Bergen (talmente protetta da essere una delle città norvegesi più piovose e meno nevose in assoluto), Trondheim, Bodø, Narvik e Tromsø. Infine, di fronte alle coste emergono ovunque, tranne che nell’estremo tratto sud-orientale, isole ed arcipelaghi come Senja e Kvaløya e gli arcipelaghi delle Vesterålen e delle Isole Lofoten.
Caratteristica dei fiumi norvegesi è il loro corso, breve e impetuoso a causa dei rilievi. Il più lungo è il Glomma (570 km), che sfocia nell’Oslofjord, mentre altri importanti sono il Pasvikelva (145 km) e il Numedalslågen (351 km). I laghi invece sono molto numerosi, circa 450.000, di cui solo 400 però con area superiore a 5 km2. Il più grande di questi è il Mjøsa (365 km2), seguito dal Røssvatnet (210 km2) e dal Femund (204 km2). Esistono anche alcune cascate, di cui la più alta misura 840 m. Il ghiacciaio più grande è lo Jostedalsbreen, con una superficie di 487 km2.
Il clima della Norvegia atlantica e artica, nonostante la latitudine, è relativamente mite: questo grazie alla Corrente del Golfo, che partendo dal Messico viene a riscaldare le acque marine delle coste atlantiche rendendo le temperature medie annuali superiori allo zero anche in zone molto più a nord del Circolo Polare Artico. Questo evita la formazione di ghiacci marini, favorendo le attività portuarie e di pesca. Le temperature medie annue delle coste vanno dai circa 7°/8° della città di Stavanger ai 3°/4° di Trondheim, fino ai 2°/3° di Vadsø.
Il rovescio della medaglia, però, è dato dalle tempeste che si formano in mare aperto intorno all’Islanda, per contrasto tra l’aria fredda continentale (proveniente da Groenlandia e isole canadesi) e le tiepide acque dell’oceano: queste tempeste, foriere di precipitazioni abbondanti, sono comuni soprattutto durante l’autunno e all’inizio dell’inverno. Durante l’estate inoltre possono esserci periodi particolarmente freschi e piovosi, oltre che con caratteristiche di spiccata variabilità. La temperatura media del mese di luglio è comunque superiore ai 15° su tutta la fascia costiera centro-meridionale fino alla regione di Sogn og Fjordane.
Diversa è la situazione ad Oslo, dove le estati sono tiepide: la temperatura media di luglio è di 17° e grazie alle molte ore di luce sono possibili temperature massime vicine ai 30° tra giugno e luglio. Per contro gli inverni sono freddi (circa -5° di media a gennaio) perché l’effetto mitigatore della Corrente del Golfo è bloccato dalle montagne: nei mesi più freddi si scende facilmente sotto i -20°, e non è raro avere minime intorno allo zero a maggio e settembre. Il vero “freddo” invernale si incontra nelle zone interne, soprattutto le contee di Oppland e Finnmark: in quest’ultima è stato registrato il record minimo di temperatura, -51° a Karasjok.
Le precipitazioni sono piuttosto abbondanti sulle regioni atlantiche, specialmente nella zona montuosa sud-occidentale dove si scarica moltissima umidità (annualmente cadono da 1500 a 3000 mm di pioggia e neve). Sono meno abbondanti al nord, ancora meno nelle zone coltivate e vicine alla capitale, con circa 600 mm all’anno. Il picco massimo è estivo o tardo-estivo nelle regioni più continentali, Oslo compresa, mentre sulla costa atlantica sudoccidentale è situato in autunno e anticipa sempre di più man mano che si sale verso nord.
Per quanto possa apparire strano, i luoghi comuni sul freddo clima norvegese non sono del tutto fondati: tuttavia è vero che la neve può impiegare parecchio tempo a sciogliersi e che ci si possono aspettare precipitazioni nevose anche ad aprile o maggio.
Fonte: Wikipedia<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Eski SLIPKNOT davulcusu Jay Weinberg resmi olarak SUICIDAL TENDENCIES'e katıldı.
Weinberg, sosyal medya hesabında şöyle yazdı; ""20 yıldır sevdiğim ve yaratıcı evimi düşündüğüm ağır müzik kültürünü ve topluluğunu düşündüğümde, SUICIDAL TENDENCIES'i düşünüyorum: punk, metal ve hardcore'a aşık olduğumdan beri temel bir sütun ve ilham kaynağı. SUICIDAL TENDENCIES ile çalmak mutlak bir onur ve ayrıcalık ve bu inanılmaz heyecan verici yeni bölüme sadece bir hafta içinde başlamak için sabırsızlanıyorum!"
Weinberg, iki günlük bir Japon gösterisiyle (14 Mart'ta Osaka'da ve 16 Mart'ta Chiba'da) SUICIDAL TENDENCIES ile canlı çıkışını yapacak. Grubun ayrıca 8 Haziran'da Pomona, Kaliforniya'da No Values festivalinde sahne alması ve Haziran ve Temmuz aylarında bir dizi Avrupa festivali tarihi planlanacak.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>点击右上角微信好友
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这几天，在室温条件下实现超导的消息引发全球关注和热议。事情的起源是，3月8日，《自然》杂志刊登了美国罗彻斯特大学迪亚斯团队的一篇论文，讲的是该团队合成了一种“镥－氢－氮”的三元化合物，能在近常压和室温条件下实现超导。2天的时间里，围绕这一成果的消息和解读在各大媒体和社交平台实现刷屏式“讨论”。
迪亚斯报告现场（图源网络）
图片来源：罗彻斯特大学官网
什么是超导？
超导是导体在某一温度下，电阻为零的状态。1911年，荷兰物理学家昂内斯发现，当温度降低至约-268℃时，汞的电阻降为了0。超导的大门由此被打开。汞成为人类发现的第一个超导体。
1933年，德国物理学家迈斯纳在对进入超导态的锡或铅金属球做磁场分布测量时发现，当材料进入超导态后，其内部的磁场会迅速被排出体外，磁场只在超导体外部存在，超导体展现出完全抗磁性。这就意味着，除了零电阻的特性，超导体还有完全抗磁性的特征。
此后100多年的时间里，数以千计的超导材料不断被发现，包括单质金属、合金、过渡金属硫族化物/磷族化物等。但这些材料实现超导的前提条件是极冷的温度或超高压力，这就意味着这些实验材料无法用于长期、常规的应用。所以，寻找近环境条件下（室温、常压）的超导材料一直是超导领域的梦想。
超导有哪些应用？
尽管超导材料有成千上万种，但真正实用化的超导材料并不多，主要分为低温超导、高温超导。
早期，超导体被广泛使用在强磁体、超导量子计算机、高灵敏探测器等诸多重要领域。如今，超导已经走进我们的生活，如高温超导滤波器已被应用于手机和卫星通讯，并明显改善了通信质量；超导量子干涉器件（SQUID）装备在医疗设备上使用，则加强了对人体心脑探测检查的精确度和灵敏度；世界上首个超导示范变电站也已在我国投入电网使用……
不仅如此，超导技术的应用范围十分广阔，在输电、电机、交通运输、航天、微电子、电子计算机、通信、核物理、新能源、生物工程、医疗以及军事装备等领域，都已展现出灿烂夺目的前景。
学界怎么看？
中科院物理所研究员中科院物理所研究员罗会仟撰文表示，对物理学家而言，室温是有明确定义的，即300K，约相当于27℃。该论文的关键结果是碳-硫-氢（C-S-H）三元体系在267GPa左右可以实现288K左右的超导电性，对应温度为15℃。超导材料的Tc(临界温度)，被首次突破到0℃以上，尽管距离室温300K还有一步之遥，论文的题目已经大大方方用了“室温超导”字样。
上海市高温超导重点实验室主任、上海大学教授蔡传兵认为，迪亚斯这次的研究成果有两个亮点，第一是把原来所需的极端高压267GPa变成了一个相对低的压力1GPa。第二个亮点是，这次迪亚斯采用了一个新的元素组合，引入了稀土金属——镥元素（Lu，Lutetium），合成了三元氢化物（N-Lu-H），和他以前采用的碳硫氢化物不同。这次迪亚斯展示出的研究成果有一定可靠性，但室温超导所需的1GPa压力仍属于高压范畴，距离实际应用仍非常遥远。
上海交大教授洪智勇认为，迪亚斯教授最新的实验结果，即便数据验证为真实的，也不可能做成实用化导线。“虽然最新的实验把超高压强从200多万个大气压降到了1万个大气压，但在地表大范围、长距离地实现高温超导（-196℃以上），比实现1万倍大气压更容易、更便宜。”
中科院物理所在微信公众号文章中表示，从文章来看，这项工作无疑是突破性的，相关证据也很充足，如果能重复出来，搞不好未来能发诺奖。但物理学的研究终究不是一家之言，任何科学研究都应该经得起验证，这
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esnekliği veya bazen onları erteleme, çalışmalarımı kişisel ve iş hayatıma uydurmam için bana izin verdi. Zorlayıcı bir işi olan biri olarak, Nottingham'ın sağladığı esneklik ve eğitmenlerin ve takımın tamamının desteği inanılmaz derecede önemlidir. "
Adam Brooks, Executive MBA
Sağlık Doktoru ve Klinik Direktör, East Midlands Büyük Travma Merkezi, Nottingham Üniversitesi Hastaneleri NHS Vakfı
Ana unsurlar
- NHS Liderlik Akademisi tarafından NHS MBA programının bir parçası olarak atandı
- Sağlık yenilikleri, liderlik ve öğrenme merkezi tarafından desteklenen, sağlık yönetimi araştırması için önde gelen merkez
- Dünyada 21. sırada, İngiltere'de 2., son Economist Executive MBA mezuniyet sonrası maaş artışında 1. oldu.
- EQUIS ve AMBA akredite işletme okullarının seçkin bir grubunun parçası
- En son Araştırma Mükemmellik Çerçevesinde araştırma gücü için İngiltere'de 6. sırada, en son gelişmelerle bilgilendirilen eğitimler
Kurs ayrıntıları
Yönetim bilgi ve becerilerini geliştirmek için tasarlanmış bir dizi çekirdek modül ve iki uzman sağlık modülü alacaksınız. İsteğe bağlı modüller, ilgi alanlarınıza ve kariyer gereksinimlerinize göre daha spesifik konularda yoğunlaşmanıza izin verir.
Bu program, çeşitli endüstriyel ve ticari geçmişlerden ders üyeleri ile çalışmayı içerir. Karar verme yeteneklerinizi geliştirmeyi ve en yüksek kalitede yöneticileri üretmeyi amaçlıyor.
Modüller genelde gün boyunca ve akşamları her yıl sunulurken, bir hafta boyunca bazı yoğun seçenekler sunulmaktadır. Executive MBA Healthcare'in son aşaması, bireysel veya grup sağlık yönetimi projesini tek bir raporla birlikte içerir.
Değerlendirme
İlgili dönemin sonunda ders saati ve / veya iki saatlik sınav kombinasyonu ile değerlendirilecektir.
Modüller
Birinci aşama: Yönetim deneyiminin genişletilmesi
- Muhasebe ve Finansman
- İşletme Ekonomisi
- İnsanlar Yönetme
- pazarlama
- Operasyon Yönetimi
- Stratejik Yönetim
İkinci aşama: Derinleştirme yönetimi deneyimi
- Girişimcilik ve Yaratıcılık
- Sürdürülebilir Kararlar ve Kuruluşlar
uzman
- Devreye ve Servis Redesign
- Etik, Yönetişim ve Risk
İki den:
- İleri Stratejik Yönetim: Çok Perspektif Yaklaşım
- İş Etiği
- Dijital Ekonomi İş Zekası
- Oyunlar ve İş Stratejileri
- İnovasyon Yönetimi
- Uluslararası Eğitim Gezisi
- Liderlik ve Değişim Yönetimi
- Kişisel Gelişim
- Proje yönetimi
- Stratejik Piyasa İlişkileri: Pazar İlişkileri Oluşturma, Yönetme ve Kaldırabilme
- Girişim sermayesi ve özel sermaye
Üçüncü aşama: Gelecekteki kariyerinize hazırlanın
- Sağlık Yönetimi Projesi
Sunduğumuz modüller personelimizin araştırma alanları esinlenerek ve sonuç olarak örnek, araştırma gelişmeler veya mevzuat değişiklikleri, nedenlerle değişebilir. Bu liste biz kesin bir liste sunmak tipik modüllerin bir örnektir.
Kariyer
Profesyonel akreditasyon
Bu ders NHS Liderlik Akademisi tarafından NHS MBA programının bir parçası olarak atandı.
Kariyer destinasyonlar
MBA kariyer geliştirme, kariyer değişikliği ya da girişimci faaliyetleri için mükemmel bir platform sağlar. Lisansüstü varış yerleri arasında yönetim danışmanlığı, finans ve muhasebe, insan kaynakları, pazarlama / satış, bilgi teknolojisi ve operasyonlar ve lojistik yer almaktadır.
Mezunlarımızın çalıştıkları şirketler ve kuruluşlar arasında Accenture, Apple, Bosch, Credit Suisse, Deloitte, Ernst & Young, Fidelity Bank, HSBC, Kızıl Haç ve Santander Grubu bulunmaktadır.
Lisansüstü kariyer ekibi
MBA öğrencileri kariyer seçeneklerinizi keşfetmenize ve gelecekteki kariyer planlarınızı geliştirmenize yardımcı olacak lisansüstü kariyer ekibimizin desteğinden yararlanmaktadır. MBA Kişisel ve Mesleki Gelişim Programı kariyer gelişimi ve yetkinlik geliştirme faaliyetlerini, bireysel kariyer danışmanlıkları ve ağ etkinlikleri ile tamamlanmaktadır.
Akademik çalışmalarınız ve sunulan kariyerler desteğinin bir kombinasyonu sayesinde MBA, kariyer geliştirme, kariyer değişikliği veya girişimci faaliyetler için mükemmel bir platform sağlar.
İstihdam edilebilirlik ve ortalama başlangıç maaşı
Nottingham Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi'nden mezun olan ve iş için uygun olan mezunların% 82.1'i mezuniyetinin altı ayı içinde işe güvence altına aldı veya daha fazla çalışma yaptı. Ortalama başlangıç maaşı 28.500 £, en yüksek maaş 50.000 £ idi. Bu, çalışmalarını üstlenmeden önce birkaç yıllık mesleki deneyime sahip MBA'larımız tarafından kazanılan yüksek maaşları yansıtır. Bu kohort için MBA sonrası maaş artışı% 69 oldu. *
* Tam zamanlı ev mezunlarının bilinen varış yerleri 2015/16. Maaşlar Birleşik Krallık'ta tam zamanlı ücretli çalışanlara göre hesaplanmaktadır.
Giriş koşulları
İlgili profesyonel nitelikleri taşıyan herhangi bir disiplin içerisinde 2: 1 (veya uluslararası eşdeğer); artı beş yıllık tam zamanlı yönetim deneyimi
İngilizce dil gereksinimleri
IELTS: 6.5 (herhangi bir elemanı en az 6.0)
Bu okul şu programları sunmaktadır:
- Ingilizce
Son Güncellenme Tarihi December 31, 2017<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>سـعــی نکــن مــــــتفـــــاوت باشـــی !
فقط خـــــــوب بــاش ...
ایــــن روزهــــــا "خــــــــوب بودن" بــه
انـــدازه ی کــــافی "مــــــتفـــــاوت" اســــت ..
(و تو برایم متفاوت ترین، و من نیز برای تو)
*******************************
خـــــوشبخـــت تـــــرین آدم هــــا
اونــــایـــی هستــــن کــــه
ایـــن جمـــله رو میشنـــوند:
"عیــــــب نــــداره، با هـــــم درستـــــش میکنیــــم" ...
(و ما خوشبخت ترین، چرا که همه چیز درست است و اگر روزی نباشد باهم درستش خواهیم کرد)
چگونه ببینیم؟ چگونه بیاندیشیم؟ چگونه حرف بزنیم؟ زندگی چیست؟ تکرار کنید شاید تکیه کلام شد *یک
درخت میلیون ها چوب کبریت را می سازد از
یک درخت هزاران چوب
کبریت تولید میشود اما
وقتی زمانش برسد یک چوب کبریت برای سوزاندن
هزاران درخت کافیست ===
اما وقتی زمانش برسد فقط یک چوب کبریت برای سوزاندن میلیونها درخت کافی است
زمانه و شرایط در هر موقعی می تواند تغییر کند
در زندگی هیچ کس را تحقیر و آزار نکنید
شاید امروز قدرتمند باشید اما یادتان باشد
زمان از شما قدرتمندتر است
چگونه بیاندیشیم؟
چگونه حرف بزنیم؟
زندگی چیست؟
تکرار کنید
شاید تکیه کلام شد
*یک
درخت میلیون ها چوب کبریت را می سازد
از یک درخت هزاران چوب کبریت تولید میشود
اما وقتی زمانش برسد یک چوب کبریت برای سوزاندن هزاران درخت کافیست
===
ادامه مطلب
شما یادتون نمیاد شبا بیشتر از ساعت ۱۲ تلویزیون برنامه نداشت سر ساعت ۱۲ سرود ملی و پخش می کرد و قطع می شد…. سر زد از افق…مهر خاوران !
شما یادتون نمیاد:قبل از شروع برنامه یه مجری میومد اولش شعر می خوند بعد هم برنامه ها رو پشت سر هم اعلام می کرد…آخرشم می گفت شما رو به دیدن برنامه ی فلان دعوت می کنم.. شما یادتون نمیاد، تو نیمکت ها باید سه نفری می نشستیم بعد موقع امتحان نفر وسطی باید میرفت زیر میز. شما یادتون نمیاد، سرمونو می گرفتیم جلوی پنکه می گفتیم: آ آ آ آ آ آآآآآ شما یادتون نمیاد ولی نوک مداد قرمزای سوسمار نشانُ که زبون میزدی خوش رنگ تر میشد. شما یادتون نمیاد تو فیلم سازدهنی مرده با دوچرخه توکوچه ها دور میزدو میخوند:دِریااااااا موجه کا کا.. دِریا موجه. شما یادتون
نمیاد، کاغذ باطله و نون خشکه میدادیم به نمکی ، نمک بهمون میداد بعدش هم نمک ید دار اومد که پیشرفت کرده بود نمک ید دار میداد، تابستونها هم دمپایی پاره میگرفت جوجه های رنگی میداد.
شما یادتون نمیاد، خانواده آقای هاشمی رو که میخواستن از نیشابور برن کازرون، تو کتاب تعلیمات اجتماعی ! شما یادتون نمیاد موقع امتحان باید بین خودمون و نفر بغلی کیف میذاشتیم رو میز که تقلب نکنیم.
شما یادتون نمیاد سریال آیینه ، دو قسمتی بود اول زن و شوهر ها بد بودند و خیلی دعوا میکردند بعد قسمت دوم : زندگی شیرین می شود بود و همه قربون صدقه هم می رفتند. یه قسمتی بود که زن و شوهر ازدواج کرده بودند همه براشون ساعت دیواری اورده بودند. بعد قسمت زندگی شیرین میشود جواد خدایاری و مهین شهابی برای زوج جوان چایی و قند و شکر بردند همه از حسن سلیقه این دو نفر انگشت به دهان موندند و ما باید نتیجه میگرفتیم که چایی بهترین هدیه عروسی می تونه باشه. شما یادتون نمیاد؛ جمعه شبا سریال جنگجویان کوهستان رو، فرداش همه تو مدرسه جوگیر بودیم.
شما یادتون نمیاد ، پیک نوروزی که شب عید میدادن دستمون حالمونو تا روز آخر عید میگرفتن !
شما یادتون نمیاد، اون قایق ها رو که توش نفت میریختیم و با یه تیکه پنبه براش فتیله درست میکردیم و بعد روشنش میکردیم و میگذاشتیمش تو حوض. بعدش هم پت پت صدا میکرد و حرکت میکرد و ما هم کلی خر کیف میشدیم..!!!
شما یادتون نمیاد شیشه های همه خونه ها چسب ضربدری داشت. شما یادتون نمیاد، زنگ آخر که می شد کیف و کوله رو مینداختیم رو دوشمون و منتظر بودیم زنگ بخوره تا اولین نفری باشیم که از کلاس میدوه بیرون شما یادتون نمیاد یک مدت از این مداد تراش رو میزی ها مد شده بود هرکی از اونا داشت خیلی با کلاس بود. شما یادتون نمیاد دستمال من زیر درخت آلبالو گم شده سواد داری؟
شما یادتون نمیاد ماه رمضون که میشد اگه کسی می گفت من روزه ام بهش میگفتیم: زبونتو در بیار ببینم راست میگی یا نه !
شما یادتون نمیاد که کانال های تلویزیون دو تا بیشتر نبود، کانال یک و کانال دو !
شما یادتون نمیاد، پاکن های جوهری که یه طرفش قرمز بود یه طرفش آبی بعد با طرف آبیش می خواستیم که خودکارو پاک کنیم، همیشه آخرش یا کاغذ رو پاره می کرد یا سیاه و کثیف می شد !
شما یادتون نمیاد، سر صف پاهامونو ۱۸۰ درجه باز می کردیم تا واسه رفیق فابریکمون جا بگیریم !
شما یادتون نمیاد: آن مان نماران، تو تو اسکاچی، آنی مانی کَ. لا. چی !
شما یادتون نمیاد، گوشه پایین ورقه های دفتر مشقمون، نقاشی می کشیدیم. بعد تند برگ میزدیم میشد انیمیشن
شما یادتون نمیاد، آرزومون این بود که وقتی از دوستمون می پرسیم درستون کجاست اونا یه درس از ما عقب تر باشن !
شما یادتون نمیاد، یه زمانی به دوستمون که میرسیدیم دستمون رو دراز میکردیم که مثلا میخوایم دست بدیم، بعد اون واقعا دستش رو دراز میکرد که دست بده بعد ما یهو بصورت ضربتی دستمون رو پس میکشیدیم و میگفتیم: یه بچه ی این قدی ندیدی؟؟ (قد بچه رو با دست نشون میدادیم) و بعد کرکر میخندیدیم که کنفش کردیم !
شما یادتون نمیاد، با آب و مایع ظرفشویی کف درست میکردیم، تو لوله خالی خودکار بیک فوت میکردیم تا حباب درست بشه !
شما یادتون نمیاد: انگشتر فیروزه، خدا کنه بسوزه !
شما یادتون نمیاد، اون موقعها یکی میومد خونه مون و ما خونه نبودیم رو در مینوشتن: آمدیم نبودید!!
شما یادتون نمیاد، دبستان که بودیم، هر چی میپرسیدن و میموندیم توش، میگفتیم ما تا سر اینجا خوندیم !
شما یادتون نمیاد: گل گل گل اومد کدوم گل؟ همون که رنگارنگاره برای شاپرکها یه خونه قشنگه. کدوم کدوم شاپرک؟؟ همون که روی بالش خالهای سرخ و زرده، با بالهای قشنگش میره و برمیگرده، میره و برمیگرده.. شاپرک خسته میشه… بالهاشو زود میبنده… روی گلها میشینه… شعر میخونه، میخنده !
شما یادتون نمیاد، اون مسلسل های پلاستیکی سیاه رو که وقتی ماشه اش رو میکشیدی ترررررررررررررترررررررررر ررر صدا میداد !
شما یادتون نمی یاد، بچه که بودیم می خواستیم بریم حموم باید یک ساعت قبل بخاری تو حموم روشن میکردیم.
شما یادتون نمیاد آسیاب بشین میشینم، آسیاب پاشو پامیشم، آسیاب بچرخ میچرخم، آسیاب پاشو،پا نمیشم؛ جوون ننه جون، پا نمیشم؛… جوونه قفل چمدون،پامیشم..آسیاب تند ترش کن، تندتر تندترش کن!
شما یادتون نمیاد اونجا که الان برج میلاد ساختن، جمعه ها موتورهای کراس میومدن تمرین و نمایش. عشقمون این بود که بریم اونا رو ببینیم. راستی چی شدن اینا؟ شما یادتون نمیاد چرخ فلکی که چرخو فلکش رو میاورد ۴ تا جا بیشتر نداشت و با دست میچرخوندش. شما یادتون نمیاد… فیلم ویدئو که یواشکی زیرپیرهنمون قایم می کردیم؛بعدم می گفتیم کیفیتش آینه س! شما یادتون نمیاد…جنازه از ویدئو راحت تر جا به جا می شد! شما یادتون نمیاد…تا پلیس میدیدم صدای ضبط ماشین رو کم میکردیم!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Haber
- Röportaj
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Mo Salah, Premier Lig’e önceki macerasından çok farklı döndü! Salah kırmızılıların Coutinho’yu aramaması için büyük bir çaba sarf ediyor ve gösterdiği bu çaba, onu The Kop’un yeni idolü yaptı...
Tottenham’ın yıldız forveti için 2017 muazzam geçti: Milli takımda ve kulüpte 42 maçta 46 gol. Peki Harry Kane bir NFL yıldızından nasıl etkilendi? Bir gözlemcinin raporunda “Hazırlıksız yakalandığında kolayca yere düşen,...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Çocuklarda Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası
Doğarken çocukların bağırsak mikrobiyotası yoktur. Yaşamının ilk dakikalarında, annenin mikroorganizmaları ve ortamdaki mikroorganizmalar ile temas ederek oluşmaya başlar.
Doğum yöntemi bağırsak mikrobiyotasının yapısını belirleyen önemli bir faktördür. Normal doğumda bebek annenin doğum kanalından geçerek bağırsak mikrobiyotasındaki ilk bakterileri alırken, sezaryen doğumda, annenin vajinasıyla temas oluşmaz ve başka bir mikrobiyota yapısı ortaya çıkar.
Bir yenidoğanın bağırsak mikrobiyotası 200'den fazla türde mikroorganizmadan oluşur. Bu mikroorganizmalar, sağlıklı bağırsak alışkanları, besin emilimi, vitamin sentezi gelişimine yardımcı olabilir ve bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirebilir.
Bağırsak mikrobiyotası, vücudun sağlığı ve normal işlevine devam etmesini sağlamak için bir denge durumunda kalmalıdır.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>乌日娜iwurina.com咨询热线：18201746804~同微信哟！！
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ie魔幻香水，Tresor真爱香水，这几款香水无论包装原料还是香氛上都获得了巨大成功，确立了兰蔻在香水品牌中不可动摇的地位。一年后，被誉为“香水的凡尔赛宫”的兰蔻新工厂在巴黎南部投入运营。
20世纪70年代，兰蔻进军美国市场，以高档的品质，优雅的形象，亲切的个性魅力征服了西方市场。
1975年，兰蔻第一款睫毛膏推出，至今仍处于世界行业领先地位和最畅销的单品。兰蔻的护肤品也是兰蔻最引以为傲的项目，微脂囊最早运用在1985年推出的新生日间修护霜当中，毫微胶囊分子运用在1996年推出的再生青春修护液及再生青春眼霜中，这些高科技的保养品输送系统都是兰蔻率先应用在护肤品中，应证了兰蔻的高科技形象，强化了兰蔻在业界的领导地位。
2005年6月28日，兰蔻设备完善的现代化实验室诞生了，秉承权威性，有效性，安全性和愉悦性四大终极理念，超过1400名的研究人员每年研发出先进技术和产品，与散布全球的实验室和科学家合作，针对各类人群的不同需求提供高效安全的产品。兰蔻已在全球拥有三大实验室，以奉献用户最有针对性和完美效果产品为目标，历久弥新的经典兰蔻不断焕发出新的活力。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Le animazioni di entrata ti consentono di animare i widget e i widget delle pagine al primo caricamento del sito. Il movimento e l'interattività rendono il sito più memorabile e possono mettere in evidenza le sezioni sulle quali desideri che i visitatori si concentrino, come un numero di telefono o un pulsante di contatto.
Inoltre, puoi decidere i punti dello schermo in cui l'animazione inizia e finisce utilizzando le impostazioni Scorri.
Mentre aggiungi animazioni, ricorda quanto segue:
- Troppe animazioni possono disorientare o distrarre gli utenti, usale con moderazione.
- Quando rimuovi un'animazione, ricorda che le animazioni possono essere applicate alle righe e ai widget, quindi l'animazione che stai vedendo potrebbe essere stata aggiunta a un elemento diverso da quello che credi.
Per aggiungere animazioni:
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Personalizza. Seleziona l'azione che attiva l'animazione (sia Ingresso che Scorri) e scegli un'animazione dall'elenco. Per le animazioni in ingresso, dovrai poi selezionare Durata, Ritardo e Intensità. Per le animazioni di scorrimento, dovrai poi selezionare Viewport superiore, Viewport inferiore e Intensità.
Per ripristinare l'animazione, fai clic su Impostazioni predefinite.
Rimuovere animazioni
Per rimuovere le animazioni di entrata:
- Fai clic con il tasto destro del mouse su una riga o un widget per aprire il menu contestuale.
- Passa il mouse su Animazione, quindi su Ingresso o Scorri e seleziona Nessuna.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>5月15日消息，据ESPN报道，消息人士透露：考虑到欧文在NBA未来的不确定性，耐克不太可能在下赛季之后与他进行续约。
据悉，按正常的日程安排，欧文的最新一代战靴Nike Kyrie 9将于今年秋季正式发布，这也将是双方的最后一款战靴。
事实上，耐克的欧文签名鞋系列向来深受球迷喜爱，但耐克还是选择忍痛割爱，无疑还是对欧文近年来的各项“骚操作”十分不满。
不仅如此，根据《纽约邮报》报道：篮网计划为欧文提供一份1+1的续约合同，与此同时，还在合同中加入特定条款，以此来要求欧文保证一定出勤率。
能让球队和赞助商同时不满，“欧神仙”可能真的需要反思一下自己的所作所为了。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>There are lots of ways that you can help your child at home: do make sure, for example, that you read frequently with your child, and support them with the current learning that’s taking place in school. All children work at different levels in different subjects depending on their strengths.
When we refer to expectations, it’s important to remember this. At St Peter’s Catholic Primary, our teaching is based around the individual child: whilst we consider what the broad national ‘average’ would be, we also very closely consider personal targets and rates of progress. For example, a very able child is challenged to carry out work in a different way or at a different level. This way, all our pupils are expected to make good progress and achieve their potential.
For useful websites and APPs that you can use at home to support your child, please visit our Kidzone page.
You can also find out more information regarding how your child is assessed on our Assessment Without Levels page.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Campanello di casa - Doorbell
Un campanello è un dispositivo di segnalazione tipicamente posizionato vicino a una porta all'ingresso di un edificio. Quando un visitatore preme un pulsante, il campanello suona all'interno dell'edificio, avvertendo l'occupante della presenza del visitatore. Sebbene i primi campanelli fossero meccanici, attivati tirando un cavo collegato a un campanello, i campanelli moderni sono elettrici, azionati da un interruttore a pulsante. I campanelli moderni spesso incorporano citofoni e videocamere in miniatura per aumentare la sicurezza.
Storia
William Murdoch , un inventore scozzese, installò una serie di sue innovazioni nella sua casa, costruita a Birmingham nel 1817; uno di questi era un campanello rumoroso, che funzionava utilizzando un sistema di tubazioni ad aria compressa. Un precursore del campanello elettrico, in particolare un campanello che poteva essere suonato a distanza tramite un filo elettrico, fu inventato da Joseph Henry intorno al 1831. All'inizio del 1900, i campanelli elettrici erano diventati comuni.
Campanelli cablati
Nella maggior parte dei sistemi cablati, un pulsante all'esterno vicino alla porta, posto all'altezza della maniglia, attiva un dispositivo di segnalazione (solitamente un campanello , un campanello o un cicalino ) all'interno dell'edificio. Premendo il pulsante del campanello, un interruttore a pulsante unipolare a corsa singola (SPST) chiude momentaneamente il circuito del campanello. Un terminale di questo pulsante è collegato a un terminale su un trasformatore . Un trasformatore per campanello riduce l' alimentazione elettrica CA da 120 o 240 volt a una tensione più bassa , in genere da 10 a 24 volt. L'altro terminale del trasformatore si collega ad uno dei tre terminali del segnalatore. Un altro terminale è collegato a un filo che viaggia verso l'altro terminale sul pulsante. Alcuni dispositivi di segnalazione hanno un terzo terminale, che produce un suono diverso. Se è presente un altro pulsante del campanello (tipicamente vicino a una porta sul retro), è collegato tra il trasformatore e il terzo terminale. L'avvolgimento primario del trasformatore, essendo alimentato continuamente, consuma costantemente una piccola quantità (da circa 1 a 2 W) di potenza in standby ; i sistemi con interruttori a pulsante illuminati possono consumare una quantità di energia simile per interruttore. Il compromesso è che il cablaggio al pulsante trasporta solo una bassa tensione sicura e isolata dalla messa a terra.
Un comune dispositivo di segnalazione è un'unità di suoneria costituita da due risonatori a barra metallica piatta, che vengono colpiti da pistoncini azionati da due solenoidi . Le barre piatte sono sintonizzate su due note piacevoli. Quando si preme il pulsante del campanello, lo stantuffo del primo solenoide colpisce una barra, e quando il pulsante viene rilasciato, una molla sullo stantuffo spinge lo stantuffo verso l'alto, facendolo colpire l'altra barra, creando un suono a due toni (" ding- dong "). Se viene utilizzato un secondo pulsante del campanello, questo viene cablato all'altro solenoide, che colpisce solo una delle barre, per creare un suono monotono (" ding ").
Campanelli più elaborati suonano un breve motivo musicale, come Westminster Quarters .
Sono comuni anche i modelli cablati completamente alimentati a batteria, che utilizzano un design a due barre o un campanello elettrico. Questi non consumano energia in standby, ma richiedono all'utente di cambiare le batterie, che di solito sono grandi celle primarie situate nel campanello .
Campanelli senza fili
Negli ultimi decenni i campanelli senza fili sono diventati popolari, per evitare la spesa di far passare i cavi attraverso le pareti dell'edificio. Il pulsante del campanello contiene un trasmettitore radio integrato alimentato da una batteria. Quando si preme il pulsante, il trasmettitore invia un segnale radio all'unità ricevente, che è collegata a una presa a muro all'interno dell'edificio. Quando il segnale radio viene rilevato dal ricevitore , attiva un chip sonoro che riproduce il suono dei gong attraverso un altoparlante, un suono "ding-dong" di due note o una sequenza di campane più lunga come Westminster Quarters . Di solito vengono utilizzate le frequenze nella banda ISM a 2,4 GHz . Per evitare interferenze da campanelli wireless vicini sulla stessa frequenza radio , le unità possono essere generalmente impostate dal proprietario su diversi canali radio.
Nelle grandi città metropolitane, negli ultimi dieci anni si è sviluppata una tendenza che utilizza la tecnologia telefonica per segnalare i campanelli in modalità wireless, nonché per rispondere alle porte e rilasciare a distanza incontri elettrici . In molte città del mondo, questa è la forma predominante di segnalazione del campanello.
Campanelli musicali e a potenza continua
Come con i campanelli senza fili, anche i campanelli musicali sono diventati più comuni. I campanelli musicali e a potenza continua servono come tentativo di colmare il divario tra i nuovi circuiti digitali e i vecchi schemi di cablaggio dei campanelli. Una delle principali differenze tra la configurazione standard di un campanello cablato e un campanello musicale è che il campanello musicale deve mantenere l'alimentazione dopo che il pulsante del campanello è stato rilasciato per continuare a riprodurre la canzone del campanello. Questo può essere ottenuto in uno dei due modi.
Per semplici pulsanti del campanello unipolari e a una corsa, il dispositivo di suoneria utilizza un diodo raddrizzatore e un condensatore di zavorra nella fase di ingresso della tensione del circuito. Premendo il pulsante del campanello, l'alimentazione viene collegata tramite il diodo raddrizzatore o una serie di diodi raddrizzatori chiamato raddrizzatore a onda intera, che consente alla corrente di fluire in una sola direzione, nel condensatore di zavorra. Il condensatore di zavorra si carica a una velocità molto maggiore di quella necessaria al resto del circuito per completare una determinata canzone. Una volta rilasciato il pulsante, il condensatore mantiene la carica e mantiene l'alimentazione per un breve periodo al resto del circuito.
Per i campanelli con ingresso misto wireless e cablato, è necessario uno speciale pulsante del campanello per mantenere l'alimentazione continua al suono del campanello. Il circuito è simile a quello sopra, tranne per il fatto che il diodo raddrizzatore è ora spostato nell'alloggiamento del pulsante del campanello. La pressione del pulsante del campanello consente ai lati negativo e positivo del segnale di alimentazione CA di fluire nel circuito, mentre il rilascio del pulsante consente solo al lato positivo o negativo di fluire nel circuito. Differenziando i segnali a onda intera e a mezza onda, il campanello è in grado di funzionare come nel caso cablato precedente, fornendo anche alimentazione continua al campanello per altri scopi, come la ricezione dell'ingresso del pulsante del campanello wireless.
Campane meccaniche
Prima dei campanelli elettrici, le grandi case e le proprietà avevano spesso complicati sistemi meccanici per consentire agli occupanti di qualsiasi stanza di tirare un campanello e suonare un campanello su un campanello centrale negli alloggi del personale, per convocare un servitore.
Campanelli intelligenti
I sistemi più diffusi includono il campanello Ring , il campanello Vivint Home Security e Nest Hello . Questi sono costituiti da un'unica unità che si trova al posto del tradizionale pulsante, e oltre a un pulsante fisico contengono una telecamera HD, un sensore a infrarossi passivo e un'elettronica wi-fi. Il dispositivo è connesso alla rete Wi-Fi domestica e le notifiche della pressione di un pulsante o del movimento rilevato vengono inviate a uno smartphone associato o a un altro dispositivo elettronico come un tablet . Quando viene ricevuta una notifica, l'utente in genere vedrà un flusso video in diretta dal dispositivo, che mostra chi è alla porta e consente una conversazione audio a 2 vie.
I dispositivi possono essere alimentati da una batteria interna, oppure possono utilizzare il cablaggio del campanello esistente per un'alimentazione continua.
Il video viene in genere registrato direttamente su un servizio Internet cloud, il che significa che se l'unità viene manomessa, danneggiata o rubata, questo evento verrà catturato e potrà essere analizzato per determinare l'identità della parte responsabile.
Guarda anche
Riferimenti
|Wikimedia Commons ha media relativi ai campanelli .|<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>در شرايطى که مهاجم نتواند با بهکارگيرى تکنيک سه تهديد از مدافع مستقيم خود عبور کند، مىتواند با بهرهگيرى از تکنيک سد کردن و با همکارى ساير بازيکنان، در موقعيت حملهٔ موفق قرار گيرد. اين تکنيک بيشتر در حملههاى عليه دفاع يارگيرى بهکار مىرود.
سد کردن، يعنى مسدود نمودن تکنيکى و صحيح مسير مدافع مستقيم يک مهاجم، از سوى مهاجم ديگر در تکنيک سد کردن، اصطلاح آزادکننده (سدکننده) براى مهاجمى که مسير مدافع را سد مىکند بهکار مىرود، و اصطلاح آزادشونده به کسى گفته مىشود که از سد ايجاد شده استفاده مىکند. سدشونده به مدافعى گفته مىشود که با ايجاد سد از سوى سدکننده، قادر به دنبال کردن مهاجم مستقيم خود نيست.
براى ايجاد سد مسير مدافع، دو شيوه وجود دارد: ۱. آزادشونده در يک نقطهٔ ساکن بماند تا آزادکننده به سمت وى بيايد و با ايجاد سد، وى را آزاد نمايد، اين روش را اصطلاحاً اسکرين - Screen مىگويند. ۲. آزادکننده در يک نقطه ساکن بماند تا آزادشونده به سمت وى بيايد و با استفاده از بدن سدکننده، خود را از دسترس مدافع مستقيم دور کرده و آزادانه به سمت حلقه نفوذ کند. اين روش را اصطلاحاً پيک - Pick مىگ
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cooling.
Graphs and analysis prepared using CATS.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Çöp yığınları içinde ne ararsanız bulmanız mümkün. Hafriyat alanından çok, hurdacı dükkanını andıran bu alanda buzdolabından evsel atıklara, molozlardan bilgisayara elektronik eşya atıklarına kadar ne ararsanız var. Bu görüntü çirkinlik yaratırken, geri dönüşüme gidecek atıkların da özelliklerini yitirmesine neden oluyor. Yetkililerin bölgeye el atması istenirken, bölge sakinlerinin de daha hassas, çevreyi koruyucu bir tavır alması gerekiyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Gravity of space objects distort the space is so large that even a ray of light that is close to them, will be absorbed forever. Although the general theory of relativity, Einstein predicted their existence, the great physicist himself doubted it.
But Einstein was wrong. For several decades, we open all the new black hole. Among them are both relatively small, which is dotted with the Milky Way, and the huge, called supermassive black holes, which are located in the center of galaxies.
But even their size pales in comparison to the two black holes that are located at a distance of about 330 million light-years away. Their discovery was just reported in the journal Nature. Even the smaller of the pair is 30% larger than the previous record holder. The larger of these is situated in the center of the galaxy NGC 4889 and two times larger than the other.
They are quasars - a kind of cosmic beacons, with an incredibly bright light which covers polvselennoy. Astronomers first discovered them in the late 1950s, but then no one could not imagine what they are like. Today, most scientists agree that quasars are supermassive black holes in the cores of young galaxies. Holes themselves are invisible, but when they involve surrounding matter, then it is heated to a temperature of millions of degrees and emits energy into space.
At a time when the universe was young, these monsters are no shortage of material, as around them still had plenty of gas. But now most of the gas as quasars, has disappeared. In this case, the black holes that are at the center of quasars, and all are safe and sound, as in the old days. Featuring the most powerful telescopes, astronomers have identified their location. Although scientists can not see black holes directly, they can observe the behavior of surrounding stars, and on the basis of these calculations calculate the mass and density of black holes.
Original: Time com<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Un giorno, nella foresta, un piccolo orso s’imbatté in qualcosa che non aveva mai visto prima.
“Che sarà mail questa strana cosa?” pensò. Timidamenete la toccò con una zampa.
“PLONK!”
La strana cosa fece un suono terribile.
Un giorno un piccolo orso trova qualcosa di molto strano nella foresta. Non appena tocca i tasti, si imbarca in un viaggio che lo porta lontano da casa in un luogo nuovo, dove trova successo e fama e musica, di ogni sorta. Ma nella città del successo l’orso scopre che gli manca qualcosa molto importante.
La recensione di L’orso e il piano di David Litchfield
Un piccolo orso un giorno trova nella foresta uno strano oggetto.
Lo tocca ed esso produce un rumore stranissimo. Così l’orso corre via.
Ma torna davanti all’oggetto anche il giorno seguente, e il giorno dopo, e quello dopo ancora.
Passano le stagioni, gli anni.
L’orso non è più così piccolo, è diventato grande e forte e ha imparato come far uscire da quello strano oggetto suoni bellissimi.
L’orso è felice quando produce questa musica meravigliosa, si sente sé stesso e sogna luoghi lontani.
Ogni sera tutti gli orsi della foresta si radunano nella foresta per ascoltare l’orso e la sua bellissima melodia.
Una sera però un uomo e sua figlia videro l’orso. Gli spiegarono che quello strano oggetto si chiamava pianoforte e che lui produceva musica bellissima.
Gli proposero di andare con loro in città per suonare: sarebbe sicuramente diventato famoso.
L’orso temeva che gli sarebbe mancata la foresta e tutti gli altri orsi ma vedere il mondo oltre la sua foresta era un desiderio che aveva da sempre.
Così partì.
E come gli avevano annunciato l’uomo e la ragazzina, diventò famoso: suonava converti da tutto esaurito, si esibiva in teatri strapieni e ogni sera aveva applausi e ovazioni.
Incidette anche dischi che divennero di platino ma… qualcosa gli mancava: casa sua, e i suoi amici.
La città era proprio come aveva sperato. Ma dentro di sé, nel profondo, qualcosa gli stringeva il cuore. Aveva fama e riconoscimenti e tutta la musica del mondo. Ma gli mancava la foresta. Gli mancavano gli amici. Gli mancava casa.
Così decise di tornare nella foresta. Inizialmente non vide nessuno, poi intravide un orso che scappò appena si accorse di lui.
Lo rincorse fino a quando non ritrovò il suo vecchio pianoforte. Lì i suoi amici avevano fatto una sorta di altare, con ritagli di giornale di tutte le apparizioni famose dell’orso.
La mia opinione di L’orso e il piano di David Litchfield
Chiunque abbia un talento è giusto che lo coltivi. E a volte questo talento è capace di portarci lontano, in posti meravigliosi, insperati.
Però è proprio lì che alle volte ci viene nostalgia di casa.
Lo sa bene Orso. Quando finalmente raggiungie la notorierà in giro per il mondo si accorge che gli manca casa, gli mancano gli amici.
Perciò decide di tornare e qui ci insegna la lezione pià grande di tutte: chi ci vuole bene ci supporta ovunque decidiamo di andare e sarà sempre pronto a riaccoglierci con un abbraccio quando torniamo a casa.
L’orso e il piano insegna ai bambini (e a tutti noi) che non è sempre facile fare delle scelte. Però è anche importante saper cogliere le occasioni che la vita ci riserva perchè non farlo significa privarci di esperienze che ci arricchiscono.
L’autore: David Litchfield
David ha iniziato a disegnare quando era molto giovane, creando fumetti di Star Wars e Indiana Jones per i suoi fratelli.
David vive con la sua famiglia a Bedford, in Inghilterra.
Questo è il suo primo Albo, ispirato dalla canzone Little Room degli The White Stripes.
L’orso e il piano
David Litchfield
Zoolibri, 2017, 40 pag., € 16.00<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Knowledge – Oral Pathology & Microbiology
Oral Pathology knowledge section (Patients Section) Clinical section/Showcase:
Role of the Oral Pathologist
When patients come in with a suspicious growth or condition of the mouth, it’s vitally essential to determine the cause. Oral pathologists can help diagnose a host of oral issues—both malignant and benign. Oral pathologists deal with conditions such as:
- Oral cancer
- Salivary problems
- Canker sores
- Fungal infections
- Herpes of the mouth
- Bad breath
Premalignant Lesions and conditions
Premalignant lesions and early cancers are usually asymptomatic (i.e. the patient has no pain and they don’t even know they have a lesion), so their detection is contingent upon a careful soft tissue examination by a dentist. This examination must include the inside and outside of the lips, the cheeks (buccal mucosa), the sides and undersurface of the tongue, the floor of mouth, the gums, the roof of the mouth (palate), the back of the mouth/top of the throat (oropharynx). Most oral lesions are traumatic in nature and have no potential for cancer. However, some oral lesions have an appearance which may raise suspicion by the dentist.
Cancer can occur anywhere in the mouth and is often painless in the early stages. The major risk factor is tobacco smoking. Cancers of the lower lip occur more commonly in people who have a high exposure to UV sunlight, such as outdoor workers. By not smoking and always using sun protection on exposed skin and lips, patients can decrease their risk of developing these cancers. Your dentist will examine and assess any non-healing ulcer or change in the appearance or texture of the skin. In most cases, the earlier the treatment, the better the outcome. Cancer of the mouth is both a preventable and potentially curable disease if it is detected early enough.
If you are suffering from any of the above problems please feel free to contact us.
- For appointments please contact at 0129-4268800,
- Online queries @ email:
- Tune into Radio Manav Rachna 107.8 FM for regular oral and dental updates.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Internet Governance is one of the most contentious issues since WSIS Geneva, when the topic of Internet governance was discussed. Since no general agreement existed even on the definition of what comprised Internet governance, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan initiated a Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG) to clarify the issues and report before WSIS 2005 in Tunis. Since then, there have been many debates and controversies about who should 'control' the internet, based on very different opinions for how and indeed whether the Internet should facilitate free communication of ideas and information. One of the main debates concerns the authority and participation of certain actors, such as national governments, corporate entities and civil society, to play a role in the Internet's governance.
Indeed, even the definition of Internet governance has been contested by differing groups across political and ideological lines. A Working group established after a WSIS 1 in Geneva proposed the following definition of Internet governance as part of its June 2005 report:
- Internet governance is the development and application by Governments, the private sector and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making procedures, and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.
Last week on 11/15, (the eve of the WSIS Tunis 2005 Tunis!), APC issued a statement on it's stand. APC, the Association for Progressive Communications, is an international network of civil society organizations — whose goal is to empower and support groups and individuals working for peace, human rights, development and protection of the environment, through the strategic use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), including the internet.APC has participated extensively in the internet governance process at WSIS.
Out of this participation and in collaboration with other partners, including members of the WSIS civil society internet governance caucus, APC has a set of recommendations with regard to internet governance ahead (one day ahead!) of the final WSIS Summit in Tunis. APC proposed specific actions in each of the following five areas:
- The establishment of an Internet Governance Forum;
- The transformation of ICANN into a global body with full authority over DNS management, and an appropriate form of accountability to its stakeholders in government, private sector and civil society;
- The initiation of a multi-stakeholder convention on internet governance and universal human rights that will codify the basic rights applicable to the internet, which will be legally binding in international law with particular emphasis on clauses in the universal declaration of human rights specifically relevant to the internet, such as rights to freedom of expression, freedom of association and privacy.
- Ensuring internet access is universal and affordable. APC argued: "The internet is a global public space that should be open and accessible to all on a non-discriminatory basis. The internet, therefore, must be seen as a global public infrastructure. In this regard we recognize the internet to be a global public good related to the concept of the common heritage of humanity and access to it is in the public interest, and must be provided as a global public commitment to equality."
- Measures to promote capacity building in "developing" countries with regard to increasing "developing" country participation in global public policy forums on internet governance.
It will be interesting to see how the issue of internet governance will be resolved, at WSIS 2 and beyond.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>5 - Otah Gunga
Se sembra che la lista sia startin qualche modo oscuro, perché lo è. Otoh Gunga era un subacqueo city su Naboo dalla minaccia fantasma che i Jedi e la regina Amidala hanno visitato per negoziare un aiuto con Boss Nass. Solo di nome, anche il più devoto di Star Wars i fan potrebbero non riconoscere questo luogo ma i giocatori dell'originale LEGO Star Wars potrebbe ricordare che era in primo piano, ma purtroppo mai esplorabile nell'originale LEGO Star Wars gioco. Un luogo così bello sarebbe fantastico per vedere i giochi TT affrontare non solo la grafica di gioco moderna, ma l'attuale selezione di LEGO mattoni. Non è difficile immaginare che ogni cupola abbia il proprio oggetto da collezione, puzzle o ricerca da affrontare.
4 - Crait
Ora, questa potrebbe suonare come una vaga selezione di un file Star Wars Posizione, ma il pianeta di Crait ha una caratteristica specifica che lo rende unico nella galassia molto, molto lontana. All'inizio sembra coperto di neve ma, a un'ispezione più ravvicinata, si vede la superficie salata. Il sale da solo non è abbastanza eccitante per un posto in questa lista, ma in The Last Jedi, mentre gli speeder viaggiano in avanti per combattere con il Primo Ordine, una striscia rossa è lasciata nel sale come è la vera superficie del pianeta rivelato. Non solo la base della resistenza sarebbe un luogo interessante in cui vedere LEGO mattoni, con il suo enorme cancello e le creature di cristallo, ma vedere la superficie bianca trasformarsi in un mare di rosso mentre un'onda di giocatori corre dappertutto è uno spettacolo che potrebbe essere diverso da qualsiasi altro in LEGO storia del gioco.
3 - La Morte Nera precipitata
The Rise of Skywalker è l'ultima versione in formato la Skywalker Sagae uno dei due film che vedranno il LEGO Star Wars trattamento per la prima volta in questo gioco. Solo con quei film, ci sono molti nuovi luoghi da esplorare, dal suddetto pianeta di Crait al luogo dell'incidente della Morte Nera sulla luna di Kef Bir. Il cimitero dell'Impero è costituito da frammenti frastagliati della stazione spaziale in frantumi e circondato da un oceano di onde agitate. Questo sarebbe un luogo difficile da sviluppare per i giochi TT, ma che potrebbe portare un enorme digitale LEGO strutture e una vera e propria flotta di veicoli marittimi e missioni, per non parlare dell'opportunità di esplorare le rovine della Morte Nera, con alcuni LEGO fascino ovviamente.
2 - Il Tempio Jedi
Essendo il primo dei due luoghi di Coruscant in questo elenco, il Tempio Jedi è uno degli edifici più riconoscibili nel Star Wars universo, con le cinque guglie che spuntano sopra la struttura piramidale. LEGO Star Wars i fan hanno chiesto di creare questo luogo LEGO mattoni da alcuni anni, e abbiamo persino esplorato esattamente come questo potrebbe accadere, ma esiste una possibilità definita LEGO Star Wars: La saga di Skywalker. Come struttura digitale, sarebbe più facile per LEGO progettisti di rifare in mattoni senza doversi preoccupare dell'integrità strutturale o del modello con cui si gioca. Anche l'interno potrebbe essere immaginato, con le camere del consiglio, Jedi quartre, biblioteca e molto altro ancora che compongono il grande tempio. I giochi TT potrebbero persino abbracciare la possibilità o reimmaginare il tempio come il Palazzo Imperiale, per quando è stato rilevato durante il dominio dell'Impero, ma è vero che potrebbe essere un pio desiderio.
1 - Coruscant Underworld
Per fortuna, Coruscant è già stato confermato come uno dei tanti pianeti esplorabili in LEGO Star Wars: La saga di Skywalker, come si può vedere nel rimorchio gameplay. Tuttavia, ciò che è stato visto finora raschia letteralmente la superficie del potenziale di Coruscant. Sotto la scintillante metropoli si trova lo squallido mondo sotterraneo, pieno di criminalità e personaggi misteriosi, come è stato così eccellentemente dimostrato in questo modello da Costruzioni Odyssey. Il potenziale di Underworld per entrambi LEGO build e il gameplay è senza dubbio immenso, con un labirinto city pronto per essere riempito con missioni e oggetti da collezione. I portali degli Inferi potrebbero persino fornire un'opportunità per splendidi nuovi modelli che vedono le navi in mattoni che emergono dagli Inferi o si tuffano in esso.
LEGO Star Wars: La saga di Skywalker è previsto per il rilascio questa primavera ed è stato uno dei soggetti per il episodio più recente del podcast Bricks N 'Bits. Il gioco è impostato per avere un'estensione edizione deluxe sono disponibili anche quattro pacchetti DLC e un'esclusiva minifigure di Luke Skywalker di Blue Milk. Si spera che non ci sia molto tempo prima che i fan siano in grado di esplorare ciò che viene chiamato il start di una nuova era of LEGO games.
Autore
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tribunal. In response, the
Indonesian government promised to establish its own Ad Hoc Human Rights
Court for East Timor, which began hearing cases in March 2002.
Justice for East Timor is being addressed at three levels:
- Indonesian Ad Hoc Human Rights Court for East Timor
- hybrid UN-East Timorese Serious Crimes Investigation Unit (SCIU) in
- East Timorese Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation
The Indonesian court is seriously flawed. The court's limited
jurisdiction covers only 2 months of a brutal 24-year occupation and only
three of East Timor's 13 districts. Under these constraints, only a few
mid-ranking officers will be tried, the systematic planning and execution
of 1999's devastation will go unexamined, and massacres committed over the
previous 23 years will be ignored. These sham trials will not provide
justice for East Timor, nor will they prompt reform of the Indonesian
military or the notoriously corrupt Indonesian judicial system. Indonesian
prosecutors have not targeted any of the numerous systematic crimes
committed against women in 1999, including rape and sexual slavery, as
well as widespread forced sterilization during many years of the
The justice system in East Timor is severely constrained by
insufficient staff and funding. Moreover, it does not have access to the
high-ranking officers with command responsibility, as well as most of
those culpable for atrocities, who reside with impunity in Indonesia.
Indonesia has refused all extradition requests by the SCIU , including
requests for East Timorese militia leaders currently residing in
Indonesia, despite an agreement between Indonesia and the UN.
The East Timorese Commission for Reception, Truth, and Reconciliation
is charged with documenting and assessing responsibility for human rights
violations committed between 1974 and 1999. It is empowered to request and
gather information from victims, witnesses, government officials and
agencies in other countries. However, only East Timorese are likely to
- Only an international tribunal covering 1975 to 1999 can provide
full justice for the people of East Timor. The U.S. administration
must actively support an international tribunal on East Timor and
initiate proceedings in the UN Security Council to pass a resolution
establishing such a tribunal. Resolutions in the House and Senate have
been introduced calling for such moves, House Concurrent Resolution 60
and Senate Concurrent Resolution 9. Additional co-sponsors are needed
to obtain hearings and votes on these bills.
- The U.S. government must assure adequate material and human
resources are available to East Timor's judicial system.
The U.S. Administration should direct pertinent agencies of the
executive branch to collect, declassify, and provide information
(including from intelligence sources) and appropriate resources on a
timely basis to assist the East Timorese Commission for Reception,
Truth, and Reconciliation.
Congress should conduct an investigation into the U.S. role in backing
Indonesia's invasion and occupation.
Human Rights & Justice Pages
2. Development and Financing Gap
Centuries of Portuguese colonial neglect and 24 years of brutal,
illegal Indonesian military occupation have left East Timor one of the
poorest countries on the planet. East Timor has a 60% illiteracy rate, a
per capita gross national product of $340, and a life expectancy of only
57 years. The infant mortality rate is 135 per 1000 live births, and the
maternal mortality rate is twice that of other countries in Southeast Asia
and the Western Pacific. The short period of UN administration has barely
tackled most of these problems.
Insufficient funds could stand in the way of East Timor's commitment to
use its revenues for healthcare and education rather than to service a
debt to wealthy states and financial institutions. The government faces a
substantial revenue shortfall (a financing gap) in its already lean budget
for the first three years of independence. Timorese leaders have publicly
affirmed their determination to avoid going into debt, and a "no
loans" policy has been put into place. The international community
should use this opportunity to take preemptive action to prevent the
stranglehold of structural adjustment, loans, and the vicious cycle of
poverty that has harmed so many poor nations from putting its deadly grip
on the new country. Donor countries and international financial
institutions (IFIs) will hold a pledging conference May 14 and 15. The
U.S. and other countries should pledge in grants (with no strings
attached) enough to cover the gap in its entirety for all three years.
Otherwise, East Timor may have no choice but to resort to loans with terms
dictated by the IMF, World Bank, and Asian Development Bank.
The Bush administration and other governments have recently stated
their commitment to eradicating global poverty. The U.S. now advocates
that a large portion of international assistance to poor countries should
come in the form of grants.
- The U.S. government should commit to funding 25% of the financing
gap for East Timor's first three years with grants free of restrictive
macroeconomic conditions. Funding can come from State Department and
Treasury Department discretionary funds, as well as money appropriated
by Congress. The U.S. administration should coordinate with other
donors to ensure the financing gap is fully covered with grants.
- Congress should appropriate at least $25 million in economic
assistance for East Timor in the FY03 Foreign Operations
Appropriations Act for important reconstruction and civil society
efforts and the provision of vital services like education and
healthcare, in addition to money designated for the financing
- The U.S. must work with the United Nations and its members to make
sure that the job of preparing East Timor for self-rule is completed.
Enough proper expertise and funds must be provided to ensure a smooth
transition in government services and to train East Timorese to fully
manage there own affairs.
see For a Debt-Free
3. Pentagon's relationship with Indonesia
The Pentagon has already succeeded in securing funding for a new
Regional Defense Counter-terrorism Fellowship Program, which will likely
train Indonesian military personnel, and plans to significantly increase
engagement though other means. Important restrictions on military aid to
Indonesia in the FY02 Foreign Operations Appropriations Act may be
effectively nullified by these actions.
Indonesian armed forces are resisting accountability for atrocities in
East Timor and continue to perpetrate systematic human rights violations
throughout the archipelago. Murder, rape, and torture of civilians by the
TNI and police are a regular occurrence. Rewarding the TNI with US
assistance would condone serious rights violations. The United States'
most important point of leverage to foster respect for human rights and
accountability and encourage military reform - restrictions on
U.S.-Indonesia military ties -- may be lost with little or nothing gained.
- Restrictions on US military assistance for Indonesia must be
respected and renewed in the FY03 Foreign Operations Appropriations
- The TNI should not receive defense articles, service, training, or
other aid under the Regional Defense Counter-terrorism Fellowship
Program or any other program at least until the Indonesian military
meets Congressional conditions on military restrictions.
see U.S.-Indonesia Military
Although repatriation rates recently increased, approximately
55,000 East Timorese refugees continue to live in deplorable conditions in
an environment of intimidation in Indonesia. The UN Secretary General has
reported that hard-line militia may still pose a long-term threat to East
Timor's peace and security. 1,600 of the over 2,000 children separated
from their parents in the violence of 1999 through military and militia
force or coercion remain separated from their families. Over 160 of the
children have been sent to orphanages in Indonesia, where it is reported
militia leaders are attempting to indoctrinate them to fight for the
"reintegration" of East Timor into Indonesia.
- The U.S. government must escalate pressure
on Indonesia to disarm and disband all militia, hold them accountable to
the rule of law, and ensure security along the border with East Timor.
UN must return to West Timor and work to ensure all refugees are able to
leave the camps and make a free and informed decision to repatriate to
East Timor or resettle in Indonesia.
- The U.S. government must support
prompt reunification of East Timorese children with their parents.
Brief overview of East Timor's history
|1. East Timor was a Portuguese colony for some 400
2. On December 7, 1975, the Indonesian military brutally
invaded East Timor, occupying the country until 1999. In the early
years of the occupation, the Indonesian military killed one-third
of the population - 200,000 people - through murder, forced
starvation, and other means. The years of occupation were riddled
with massacres, programs of forced sterilization, hunger, and
attempts at cultural annihilation. Tens of thousands suffered
tremendous hardships to survive and resist the occupation.
3. The November 12, 1991Santa Cruz massacre - filmed and
witnessed by foreign journalists -- sparked a global outcry and a
flurry of diplomatic and grassroots activism in support of East
4. On August 30, 1999, the people of East Timor voted
overwhelmingly for independence in a UN-conducted popular
consultation. 98.6% of the eligible population participated; 78.5%
chose independence despite months of systematic terror and
intimidation by the Indonesian military and its militia. After the
result was announced, the Indonesian military and its militia
retaliated by destroying the country: murdering some 2,000 East
Timorese, displacing two-thirds of the population, raping hundreds
of women and girls, and destroying over 70% of the country's
5. Since October 1999, the UN has administered East Timor.
After independence, the UN will remain in East Timor but on a
6. In August 2001, 91.3% of eligible East Timorese participated
in the first democratic, multiparty election for a Constituent
Assembly, whose members wrote the country's first constitution. .
The Constituent Assembly will become the first parliament after
7. In April 2002, East Timor held its first-ever presidential
election. Independence hero Xanana Gusmao won by a landslide.
86.3% of those eligible participated.
This document as PDF file
East Timor Action Network<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Jeffrey Conner è un professore di biologia del Michigan e i professori di biologia, da che mondo è mondo, hanno passatempi particolari (il mio delle superiori, per esempio, si allenava a scrivere con due mani simultaneamente, tracciando sulla lavagna o sul foglio, nello stesso istante, parole diverse).
Conner, per quanto ne so, scrive con una sola mano, ma uno strano hobby ce l’ha anche lui: collezionare vecchi stemmi dei produttori di biciclette. Lo fa da quasi vent’anni, ha cominciato con tre esemplari e ora ne ha a centinaia, molti dei quali fotografati e messi in mostra su Flickr, dove si fa chiamare Bike Geek e dove li ha ordinati in ordine alfabetico ma anche divisi in svariate categorie, da quelle geografiche (con una piccola rappresentanza di stemmi italiani) a quelle che dipendono dai fattori estetici, ad esempio le targhette con su rappresentate delle ruote, quelle coi mezzi di trasporto, con gli animali, con le piante, e persino quelle con le creature mitologiche e i corpi celesti.
Nel 2013 è anche uscito un libro sulla collezione di Conner, uno spesso volume di 400 pagine (ristampato l’anno scorso da Gingko Press) che ha un formato vagamente biblico, è intitolato A Cycling Lexicon e può vantare anche la postfazione di sir Paul Smith, il fashion designer, noto appassionato di bicicletta.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Joseph Herrin (09-24-2012)
months back I posted a blog on the subject of the Liberty Bell. The
story of the Liberty Bell features prominently in the founding of
America as a nation, and is a staple of public school history lessons.
Following is an excerpt from that article.
Bell has become a symbol of America as a constitutional nation. The
Liberty Bell was hung in Independence Hall where the American
Constitution was voted on and adopted. For many years The Liberty Bell
was displayed inside Constitution Hall. The Liberty Bell is readily
identified by a prominent crack that is quite extensive.
Liberty Bell Crack
understand the parable contained in this symbol of America one needs to
know a little of the history of this bell. Keep in mind that
Philadelphia was the Capital of the nascent nation prior to Washington
D.C. being constructed.
In 1751, with a bell tower
being built in the Pennsylvania State House, civic authorities sought a
bell of better quality, which could be heard at a further distance in
the rapidly expanding city. Isaac Norris, speaker of the Pennsylvania
Provincial Assembly, gave orders to the colony's London agent, Robert
Charles, to obtain a "good Bell of about two thousands pound weight."
hope and rely on thy care and assistance in this affair and that thou
wilt procure and forward it by the first good oppo as our workmen inform
us it will be much less trouble to hang the Bell before their Scaffolds
are struck from the Building where we intend to place it which will not
be done 'till the end of next Summer or beginning of the Fall. Let the
bell be cast by the best workmen & examined carefully before it
is Shipped with the following words well shaped around it vizt. By Order
of the Assembly of the Province [sic] of Pensylvania [sic] for the
State house in the City of Philada 1752 and Underneath Proclaim Liberty
thro' all the Land to all the Inhabitants thereof.-Levit. XXV. 10...
It arrived in Philadelphia in August 1752. Norris wrote to Charles
that the bell was in good order, but they had not yet sounded it, as
they were building a clock for the State House's tower. The bell was mounted on a stand to test the sound, and at the first strike of the clapper, the bell's rim cracked...
Philadelphia authorities tried to return it by ship, but the master
of the vessel which had brought it was unable to take it on board.
Two local founders, John Pass and John Stow, offered to recast the
bell. Though they were inexperienced in bell casting, Pass had headed
the Mount Holly Iron Foundry in neighboring New Jersey and came from
Malta, which had a tradition of bell casting. Stow, on the other hand,
was only four years out of his apprenticeship as a brass founder. At
Stow's foundry on Second Street, the bell was broken into small pieces,
melted down, and cast into a new bell. The two founders decided that the
metal was too brittle, and augmented the bell metal by about ten
percent, using copper. The bell was ready in March 1753, and Norris
reported that the lettering (which included the founders' names and the
year) was even clearer on the new bell than on the old.
City officials scheduled a public celebration with free food and
drink for the testing of the recast bell. When the bell was struck, it
did not break, but the sound produced was described by one hearer as
like two coal scuttles being banged together. Mocked by the crowd, Pass
and Stow hastily took the bell away and again recast it. When the
fruit of the two founders' renewed efforts was brought forth in June
1753, the sound was deemed satisfactory, though Norris indicated that he
did not personally like it. The bell was hung in the steeple of the
State House the same month...
It is uncertain how the bell came to be cracked; the damage occurred
sometime between 1817 and 1846. The bell is mentioned in a number of
newspaper articles during that time; no mention of a crack can be found
until 1846. In fact, in 1837, the bell was depicted in an anti-slavery
publication—uncracked. In February 1846 Public Ledger reported that the
bell had been rung on February 23, 1846 in celebration of Washington's
Birthday (as February 22 fell on a Sunday, the celebration occurred the
next day), and also reported that the bell had long been cracked, but
had been "put in order" by having the sides of the crack filed. The
paper reported that around noon, it was discovered that the ringing had
caused the crack to be greatly extended, and that "the old Independence
Bell...now hangs in the great city steeple irreparably cracked and
remarkable history of this bell, serving as it does as a great symbol
of American liberty, and replete with highly unusual events, causes me
to suspect a divine hand in sending forth a message as God is wont to
do. The founders of America set forth to create a government where
“life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness” were guaranteed (albeit,
not to all). The framer’s of the Constitution understood that man was
easily corrupted, and they sought to form a government that would resist
this tendency toward corruption...
Like The Liberty
Bell, the American form of government was flawed from the start. It was
assumed that wise men, by discerning “the laws of nature and of nature’s
God,” could codify these laws into such a form that an utopian society
could be created. Men could then live life, enjoy liberty, and pursue
happiness without the interference of tyrannical leaders or the
imposition of unjust laws. What the founding father’s did not perceive
was the depths to which mankind is corrupt. These were not Christian men
who professed themselves as disciples of the Son of God. These men were
Deists, Unitarians, and many were Freemasons. Their beliefs were
largely drawn from the teachings of those men they considered sages from
I believe it was Yahweh that
cracked The Liberty Bell from the very first time it was struck. He was
testifying that the sound produced by men being given liberty to follow
the passions of their souls would produce only a discordant sound in His
ears. Even after the bell was repaired, it sounded with such a jarring
and unpleasant sound that it was compared to two coal scuttles being
(A bucket for carrying coal.)
Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for Literature in 1970,
commented on what he observed in the nation of America.
and irresponsible freedom has been granted boundless space. Society
appears to have little defense against the abyss of human decadence,
such as, for example, misuse of liberty for moral
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this is the number of letters in the English alphabet and hence its use ensures that we always have a value between 0 and 25 which can then be mapped back to a letter.
Let’s try an example using VECTOR as our key:
Plaintext: THISISATEST → 19 07 08 20 08 20 00 19 04 20 19Key: VECTORVECTO → 21 04 02 19 14 17 21 04 02 19 14————————————————————————————————+ 40 11 10 39 22 37 21 23 06 39 33(mod 26) 14 11 10 13 22 11 21 23 06 13 07Ciphertext: O L K N W L V X G N H
This encryption has rendered the original plaintext THISISATEST to the ciphertext OLKNWLVXGNH simply by shifting each letter by its corresponding letter in the key VECTOR.
To decrypt ciphertext encrypted using Vigenère’s cipher one must know the key. From here getting back to the original plaintext message is relatively simple. Do the reverse of the encryption algorithm; that is take the value of the corresponding letter of the key from the values of the letters of ciphertext and convert back to the English alphabet.
The decryption algorithm therefore follows the steps below:
- Convert both the ciphertext and the known key to integers based upon the alphabetic position of the letters (e.g. A = 0, B = 1, …, Z = 25).
- Repeat the key if necessary so that it is at least as long as the ciphertext received.
- Subtract the values of the (repeated) key from the corresponding values of the ciphertext and take the modulus of them mod 26.
- Convert the numbers back to letters and you have the original message.
Let us now consider an example of decryption using our previous encrypted message as an example. If you were to receive the ciphertext from our earlier encryption: OLKNWLVXGNH. You would decrypt it as follows:
Ciphertext: OLKNWLVXGNH → 14 11 10 13 22 11 21 23 06 13 07Key: VECTORVECTO → 21 04 02 19 14 17 21 04 02 19 14————————————————————————————————- -7 07 08 -6 08 -6 00 19 04 -6 -7(mod 26) 19 07 08 20 08 20 00 19 04 20 19Plaintext: T H I S I S A T E S T
The successful use of Vigenère’s cipher is dependent on the same key being known by the sender of the encrypted message and the receiver. This is why the key is often known as a shared secret. If outsiders know the key then they will be able to intercept messages and decrypt them rendering the encryption useless.
The security of this system depends on neither the keyword nor its length being known to outsiders.
There are several types of attacks one often considers in cryptography. Most common are known plaintext attacks, where the attacker can see the plaintext before encryption and receives the ciphertext, chosen plaintext attacks where the attacker is able to choose the plaintext sent to the encryption algorithm and receives the corresponding ciphertext and ciphertext only attacks where only the intercepted ciphertext is known to attackers.
In the case of Vigenère’s cipher getting the key under a chosen plaintext attack is simple. One simply chooses plaintext of AAAAAA… and then receives the key repeated. The repetition can be noted and then used to find the key.
The plaintext can be ‘subtracted’ from the ciphertext modulo 26 and again the repeating key will be revealed.
Alternatively with enough ciphertext letter frequency attacks can be undertaken. This becomes a brute force attack as each key length must be tried but put simply one takes the ciphertext and calculates letter frequencies for each nth letter. Knowing the frequency of letters in written English with enough text the value of n for which the frequency values of letters in the ciphertext match the frequency values of letters in English will be the key length. Then the letters of the key can be found my mapping ciphertext letter frequencies for every nth letter to the English letters whose frequencies are known. This type of attack assumes that the initial language of the plaintext is known.
A more approximate yet faster way of deducing the key length is to write the ciphertext down several times and each time shift the ciphertext by some number of columns as demonstrated below.
O L K N W L V X G N HO L K N W L V X G N HO L K N W L V X G N H
For each shift number the number of matches should be counted. Where the number of matching values between the initial ciphertext and the shifted ciphertext reaches its maximum this is the most probable value for the key length. In our case there are no matches for the 1 and 2 character shifts shown. This technique is not effective here because our ciphertext sample is very small.
The reason why the ‘shifting’ technique works in finding the key length is a little more involved than is fitting for this overview of Vigenère’s cipher however a full explanation is given in the textbook “Introduction to Cryptography with Coding Theory” by Wade Trappe and Laurence C. Washington widely available online as a free PDF.
In summary, Vigenère’s cipher is a shift cipher based on the use of a key word or phrase for encryption. It works by ‘adding’ the key to the plaintext modulo 26 and thereby returning the encrypted text or ciphertext. This cipher works requires that neither the key nor its length is known to attackers. It is also vulnerable to letter frequency attacks. The most secure implementation would use a long key which is not a known English word to send only short messages. This avoids brute force attacks of common word keys and prevents enough cipher text to be collected for a letter frequency attack to be undertaken.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The drive covered about 38 meters (125 feet) and brought the mission's odometry to about 1.029 kilometers (3,376 feet). The drive was completed in the early afternoon of the rover's 335th Martian day, or sol, of work on Mars (July 17). It continued progress in a multi-month trek begun this month toward a mountain destination.
"When I saw that the drive had gone well and passed the kilometer mark, I was really pleased and proud," said rover driver Frank Hartman of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "Hopefully, this is just the first of many kilometers to come."
Yesterday was is halfway through the mission's prime mission of one Martian year. Two weeks ago, Curiosity finished investigating science targets in the Glenelg area, about half a kilometer (500 yards) east of where the one-ton rover landed on Aug. 5, 2012, PDT (Aug. 6, Universal Time). The mission's next major destination is at the lower layers of Mount Sharp, about 8 kilometers (5 miles) southwest of Glenelg.
Mount Sharp, in the middle of Gale Crater, exposes many layers where scientists anticipate finding evidence about how the ancient Martian environment changed and evolved. At targets in the Glenelg area, the rover already accomplished the mission's main science objective by finding evidence for an ancient wet environment that had conditions favorable for microbial life.
JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, manages the Mars Science Laboratory Project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. JPL designed and built the project's Curiosity rover.
More information about Curiosity is online at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/msl , http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/ . You can follow the mission on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/marscuriosity and on Twitter at http://www.twitter.com/marscuriosity .
News Media ContactGuy Webster 818-354-6278
Jet Propulsion Laboratory<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>هدف بخش «سایتخوان دنیای اقتصاد» گسترش اطلاعرسانی است و انتشار این مطلب به معنی تأیید محتوای آن نیست.
قیمت دلار و یورو در صرافی ملی امروز ۱۳۹۹/۱۱/۱۱
به گزارش دنیای اقتصاد، قیمت دلار و یورو امروز در صرافی بانک ملی ایران اعلام شد.
بر این اساس قیمت خرید دلار آمریکا ۲۲,۹۲۰(بیست و دو هزار و نهصد و بیست تومان) و قیمت فروش دلار آمریکا ۲۳,۷۲۰(بیست و سه هزار و هفتصد و بیست تومان) اعلام شد.
همچنین براساس اعلام صرافی بانک ملی ایران قیمت خرید یورو ۲۷,۹۴۰(بیست و هفت هزار و نهصد و چهل تومان) و قیمت فروش یورو ۲۸,۸۰۰(بیست و هشت هزار و هشتصد تومان) است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I pazienti con DPN sono noti per visualizzare instabilità durante la deambulazione e di conseguenza essere ad aumentato rischio di caduta. Mentre alcuni studi hanno rilevato un aumento oscillazioni posturali durante tranquilla in piedi e camminare in piano nei pazienti con DPN, non esistono dati sulle misure oggettive di equilibrio durante scale a piedi. Dal momento che cammina sulle scale è una delle più pericolose attività quotidiane in termini di rischio di caduta, questo studio ha esaminato i meccanismi alla base di instabilità nei pazienti con DPN durante scala salita e discesa.
Dati di movimento e forza sono stati raccolti per 22 pazienti affetti da diabete con DPN con un'età media di 57 anni, e 40 pazienti diabetici senza DPN (anche età media 57 anni), oltre a 32 controlli non diabetici sani (età media 50 anni). Tutti i pazienti erano da Manchester o la zona circostante. Dati Movimento sono stati raccolti utilizzando 10 telecamere del sistema di analisi del movimento 3D da marcatori riflettenti poste in posizioni anatomiche sul corpo di calcolare tutto il corpo centrale-di-massa (COM). Il centro-di-pressione (CoP) sotto i piedi è stata misurata con 4 piattaforme di forza montati nelle centrali di 4 gradini di una scala di 7 punti, che i partecipanti salivano e scendevano almeno 3 volte. Equilibrio stato quantificato valutando la distanza tra il centro-di-massa e del centro-di pressione (separazione COM-CoP) nel piano mediale-laterale (cioè lato a lato).
I ricercatori hanno scoperto che durante scala salita il gruppo DPN ha mostrato significativamente superiore massima separazione CoM-CoP di 13cm, rispetto a 10 cm sia per i pazienti diabetici senza DPN e il gruppo di controllo; e anche significativamente aumentata variazione separazione COM-CoP: 7cm per il gruppo DPN 5cm per il diabete unico gruppo, e sei centimetri per il gruppo di controllo.
Durante stair differenze discesa erano evidenti: il gruppo DPN ha mostrato ancora significativamente superiore massima separazione CoM-CoP, una media di 15 cm rispetto a 13 centimetri per i pazienti diabetici, senza DPN e 12 centimetri per i controlli. Il gruppo DPN ha visto anche significativamente aumentata variazione separazione CoM-CoP di 8 centimetri medi contro sette centimetri sia per i pazienti diabetici senza DPN e gruppo di controllo. Il gruppo DPN visualizzata anche una larghezza posizione significativamente più ampia rispetto agli altri gruppi durante la discesa solo stair: media di 17 centimetri rispetto DPN 15 centimetri sia per i pazienti diabetici senza DPN e gruppi di controllo.
Nessuna differenza di qualsiasi variabile sono stati osservati nei pazienti con diabete, senza DPN rispetto al gruppo di controllo durante la salita o la discesa della scala.
Gli autori concludono: ". I pazienti diabetici con neuropatia periferica di visualizzazione più estremi in ampiezza di oscillazione medio-laterale durante scala salita e discesa e la visualizzazione di una maggiore variabilità durante scala salita e discesa Ciò indica che i pazienti con DPN hanno difficoltà regolando il controllo di equilibrio durante . questo compito impegnativo Un ondeggiamento laterale medial- più grande e più variabile significa che i pazienti con DPN hanno maggiori probabilità di perdere il controllo di equilibrio e sperimentare una caduta durante quello che è conosciuto come una delle attività - con scale - dove il rischio di cadute è già molto elevato. "
Gli autori riconoscono che, mentre sarebbe impraticabile suggerire pazienti con DPN evitare completamente le scale, che sono a più alto rischio di caduta e dovrebbero adottare misure per mantenere al sicuro. "Evitare i voli particolarmente ripide e/o lunghi di scale può essere consigliabile, soprattutto se un ascensore è disponibile come alternativa", affermano gli autori. "Utilizzando un corrimano sulle scale, se disponibile potrebbe anche aiutare i pazienti con DPN prevenire le cadute." Essi aggiungono che "Da quando la nostra ricerca ha identificato i dettagli su come i pazienti con DPN influenza, e quindi il modo in cui sono più a rischio, ciò può consentire la futura ricerca per indirizzare gli interventi di bilanciamento per migliorare l'equilibrio medio-laterale in questa popolazione."
Il team di ricerca sta facendo ulteriori indagini vari aspetti del diabete andatura e come e DPN colpisce come questi pazienti camminare in piano e sulle scale, per identificare e comprendere meglio i fattori che possono contribuire alla instabilità e, a sua volta l'aumento del rischio di cadute. Essi aggiungono: "Molte questioni che riguardano l'equilibrio in pazienti con DPN staminali dal deterioramento delle dimensioni e la funzione muscolare, così mentre attualmente non è possibile migliorare positivamente il deterioramento sensoriale, abbiamo cercato a elementi che possono influenzare positivamente, come allenamento della forza e interventi per aiutare a focalizzare la visione e evitare ostacoli. Stiamo studiando l'impatto di tali interventi e come potrebbero tradursi in miglioramenti nella deambulazione e controllo del bilanciamento. "<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Keeping an Eye on Your Children’s Eyes
It is very important to realize that the vast majority of children have normal, healthy eyes and do not need glasses or “eye treatments.” Many children might be slightly nearsighted or farsighted. They do not need glasses. Except in very rare cases are bifocals ever needed for a child. Children’s eyes are examined by pediatricians and family-practice physicians at birth and on routine visits. If the doctor or parents suspect a problem, then a visit to a pediatric ophthalmologist is appropriate. Routine, annual exams by an ophthalmologist are unnecessary.
The most common problem for children is conjunctivitis, commonly called “pink eye.” Most forms of pink eye are caused by viruses and are associated with a common cold. They get better on their own. If there is greenish/yellowish discharge, then an antibiotic might be necessary. This is as contagious and as dangerous as a common cold.
Some children have an eye that crosses in [esotropia] or turns out [exotropia]. If one eye is constantly “turned,” then the child might develop poor vision [amblyopia also called “lazy eye”]. This has to be treated as soon as it is discovered. Sometimes patching the straight eye is necessary to force the weak eye to work. If left untreated, the “turned” eye might have a permanent loss of vision. Frequently, glasses can be used to help straighten the “turned” eye but occasionally surgery is required. “Eye exercises” almost always have no value.
Learning difficulties such as reading disabilities are common in children. They can be a frustrating problem for the teachers, parents, and especially for the child. Eye exercises and special glasses have no place in the treatment of these problems. They are expensive, time consuming, and take the focus away from the educational help that is needed. Parents are often confused and intimated by the pseudoscientific terms used in connection with eye exercises such as “visual motor perceptual training,” “eye tracking,” and “eye teaming.” The fact is that children with learning difficulties have nothing at all wrong with their eyes. In studies comparing children with reading disabilities, those receiving eye exercises and vision training ended up at the same point as those who didn’t receive the eye exercises. Teaching in school and at home, as well as maturity with time, are the deciding factors for improvement in reading skills.
Headaches are common in children and adults and almost never are they an indication that a child needs glasses.
There are very rare diseases such as congenital glaucoma, ocular tumors, and childhood cataracts. In the vast majority of these diseases they are detected by the child’s doctor or the parents. They aren’t something that is just discovered by surprise on a routine eye exam.
One of the big dangers for children is trauma. BB guns, darts, paint ball guns, bungee cords, snowballs, tennis balls, golf balls, racquet balls, and household cleaners create more damage than all of the congenital glaucoma, ocular tumors, and childhood cataracts put together. Use safety glasses and common sense to protect your children.
Yes, most children are normal. However, when the doctor or parent feels that there could be a problem, then it is time for a visit to a pediatric ophthalmologist.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The UniLaSalle–UPJV research unit B2R (Basins-Reservoirs-Resources) investigates the development of sedimentary basins, reservoirs and fossil and renewable energy sources (hydrocarbons, geothermal energy and water).
The work carried out by the B2R research unit can be seen within the wider context of energy requirements that are constantly on the rise because of the growing world population and the many emerging economies. In industrialized countries, this growing demand has brought with it a new awareness of the strategic, environmental and societal issues raised by the need for natural resources, both energy sources (oil and gas) and minerals.
At global level, it has therefore become necessary to diversify energy
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the Injun, will be eliminated: it is the law of races, history, what-not: always so far inexorable—always to be. Someone proves that a superior grade of rats comes and then all the minor rats are cleared out.
Booker T. Washington, though, certainly believed the black man had a future and, moreover, was a huge asset to the nation. In 1895, Washington appealed to Southern whites to rely on blacks rather than European immigrants:
To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, ‘Cast down your bucket where you are.’ Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to education of head, hand, and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, in nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defense of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one.”
In his 1899 book, The Philadelphia Negroes, W.E.B. DuBois observed:
In the city of Philadelphia the increasing number of bold and daring crimes committed by Negroes in the last ten years has focused the attention of the city on this subject. There is a widespread feeling that something is wrong with a race that is responsible for so much crime, and that strong remedies are called for.
4 per cent of the population of Philadelphia having Negro blood furnished from 1885 to 1889, 14 per cent of the serious crimes, and from 1890 to 1895, 22 1/2 per cent.
we may conclude that young men are the perpetrators of the serious crime among Negroes; that this crime consists mainly of stealing and assault; that ignorance, and immigration to the temptations of city life, are responsible for much of this crime but not for all; that deep social causes underlie this prevalence of crime and they have so worked as to form among Negroes since 1864 a distinct class of habitual criminals; that to this criminal class and not to the great mass of Negroes the bulk of the serious crime perpetrated by this race should be charged.
His strange social environment must have immense effect on his thought and life, his work and crime, his wealth and pauperism. That this environment differs and differs broadly from the environment of his fellows, we all know, but we do not know just how it differs. The real foundation of the difference is the wide-spread feeling all over the land, in Philadelphia as well as in Boston and New Orleans, that the Negro is something less than an American and ought not to be much more than what he is. Argue as we may for or against this idea, we must as students recognize its presence and its vast effects.
I dug up some old observations so we can see how far, or how little, we’ve gone as a nation. During the decade ending in 1895, Philadelphia had nine murders. Nine in ten years!
With just 50% more people, Philly already has 135 murders this year as of July 14th. Making up 43.3% of its population (according to the 2010 census), blacks commit more than 80% of Philly’s murders, year in and year out. What would DuBois make of this outrage?
Booker T. Washington hoped for “a new heaven and a new earth” predicated on “material prosperity” and “a blotting out of sectional differences and racial animosities and suspicions, in a determination to administer absolute justice, in a willing obedience among all classes to the mandates of law.”
I don’t see it coming. After a week of black attacks against the police in Texas, Tennessee, Minnesota, Missouri, Indiana and Washington DC, there will be Day of Rage protests in 37 American cities today, in support of Black Lives Matter, and next week, dozens of gun-toting New Black Panthers will descend on Cleveland to raise hell at the Republican National Convention.
To close, I will quote at length from a July 9th FaceBook post by Jay Stalien, a Baltimore cop:
I have come to realize something that is still hard for me to understand to this day. The following may be a shock to some coming from an African American, but the mere fact that it may be shocking to some is prima facie evidence of the sad state of affairs that we are in as Humans.
I used to be so torn inside growing up. Here I am, a young African-American born and raised in Brooklyn, NY wanting to be a cop. I watched and lived through the crime that took place in the hood. My own black people killing others over nothing. Crack heads and heroin addicts lined the lobby of my building as I shuffled around them to make my way to our 1 bedroom apartment with 6 of us living inside. I used to be woken up in the middle of the night by the sound of gun fire, only to look outside and see that it was 2 African Americans shooting at each other.
It never sat right with me. I wanted to help my community and stop watching the blood of African Americans spilled on the street at the hands of a fellow black man. I became a cop because black lives in my community, along with ALL lives, mattered to me, and wanted to help stop the bloodshed.
As time went by in my law enforcement career, I quickly began to realize something. I remember the countless times I stood 2 inches from a young black man, around my age, laying on his back, gasping for air as blood filled his lungs. I remember them bleeding profusely with the unforgettable smell of deoxygenated dark red blood in the air, as it leaked from the bullet holes in his body on to the hot sidewalk on a summer day. I remember the countless family members who attacked me, spit on me, cursed me out, as I put up crime scene tape to cordon off the crime scene, yelling and screaming out of pain and anger at the sight of their loved ones taking their last breath. I never took it personally, I knew they were hurting. I remember the countless times I had to order new uniforms, because the ones I had on, were bloody from the blood of another black victim…of black on black crime. I remember the countless times I got back in my patrol car, distraught after having watched another black male die in front me, having to start my preliminary report something like this:
Suspect- Black/ Male, Victim-Black /Male.
I remember the countless times I canvassed the area afterwards, and asked everyone “did you see who did it”, and the popular response from the very same family members was always, “Fuck the Police, I ain't no snitch, Im gonna take care of this myself". This happened every single time, every single homicide, black on black, and then my realization became clearer.
I woke up every morning, put my freshly pressed uniform on, shined my badge, functioned checked my weapon, kissed my wife and kid, and waited for my wife to say the same thing she always does before I leave, “Make sure you come back home to us”. I always replied, “I will”, but the truth was I was never sure if I would. I almost lost my life on this job, and every call, every stop, every moment that I had this uniform on, was another possibility for me to almost lose my life again. I was a target in the very community I swore to protect, the very community I wanted to help. As a matter of fact, they hated my very presence. They called me “Uncle Tom”, and “wanna be white boy”, and I couldn’t understand why. My own fellow black men and women attacking me, wishing for my death, wishing for the death of my family. I was so confused, so torn, I couldn’t understand why my own black people would turn against me, when every time they called …I was there. Every time someone died….I was there. Every time they were going through one of the worst moments in their lives…I was there. So why was I the enemy? I dove deep into that question…Why was I the enemy? Then my realization became clearer.
I spoke to members of the community and listened to some of the complaints as to why they hated cops. I then did research on the facts. I also presented facts to these members of the community, and listened to their complaints in response. This is what I learned:
Complaint: Police always targeting us, they always messing with the black man.
Fact: A city where the majority of citizens are black (Baltimore for example) …will ALWAYS have a higher rate of black people getting arrested, it will ALWAYS have a higher rate of blacks getting stopped, and will ALWAYS have a higher rate of blacks getting killed, and the reason why is because a city with those characteristics will ALWAYS have a higher rate of blacks committing crime. The statistics will follow the same trend for Asians if you go to China, for Hispanics if you go to Puerto Rico, for whites if you go to Russia, and the list goes on. It’s called Demographics
Complaint: More black people get arrested than white boys.
Fact: Black People commit a grossly disproportionate amount of crime. Data from the FBI shows that Nationwide, Blacks committed 5,173 homicides in 2014, whites committed 4,367. Chicago’s death toll is almost equal to that of both wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, combined. Chicago’s death toll from 2001–November, 26 2015 stands at 7,401. The combined total deaths during Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003-2015: 4,815) and Operation Enduring Freedom/Afghanistan (2001-2015: 3,506), total 8,321.
Complaint: Blacks are the only ones getting killed by police, or they are killed more.
Fact: As of July 2016, the breakdown of the number of US Citizens killed by Police this year is, 238 White people killed, 123 Black people killed, 79 Hispanics, 69 other/or unknown race.
Fact: Black people kill more other blacks than Police do, and there are only protest and outrage when a cop kills a black man. University of Toledo criminologist Dr. Richard R. Johnson examined the latest crime data from the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports and Centers for Disease Control and found that an average of 4,472 black men were killed by other black men annually between Jan. 1, 2009, and Dec. 31, 2012. Professor Johnson’s research further concluded that 112 black men died from both justified and unjustified police-involved killings annually during this same period.
Complaint: Well we already doing a good job of killing ourselves, we don’t need the Police to do it. Besides they should know better.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Contents - Previous - Next
9. The contexts of culture, environment, and food
Harriet V. Kuhnlein and Gretel H. Pelto
Overall performance of the protocol
Keys to finding local community food sources to prevent Vitamin A deficiency: What foods are available and how much vitamin a do they contain?
Keys to understanding consumption patterns of vulnerable groups
Keys to beliefs and perceptions about food
Keys to cultural, ecological and socioeconomic factors that constrain consumption of Vitamin A-rich food and prevention of deficiency
Keys to explanations and understandings of Vitamin A deficiency symptoms
Looking to the next steps: From ethnography to intervention design
The root of the problem of vitamin A deficiency is lack of sufficient vitamin A in community food supplies. While all members of families in communities where vitamin A is limited are potentially at risk of deficiency, infants, young children, pregnant, and lactating women are the most vulnerable. In order to understand how food systems can be supported to ensure adequate intake for all the population, the environmental and sociocultural mechanisms through which food is provided must also be understood. This understanding begins with answers to a set of basic questions: what vitamin A-containing foods are available? What are the nutrient levels in these foods? How much is consumed by the individuals who are vulnerable to deficiency? Why are these foods selected or not used? How do people identify and treat symptoms of vitamin A deficiency? The answers to these questions are the product of determinants that reside in the physical and social environment, broadly defined, and in culture. Answering these questions at the local level is a necessary step in the development of interventions aimed at remedial actions and prevention of vitamin A deficiency.
sections that follow, we begin with some comments about the
overall performance of the protocol as a field tool. We then
review findings from the studies in relation to the "key
questions" to which the protocol is directed. This is not
intended to be a definitive analysis of the dietary,
environmental, and cultural features of the five sites. The
purpose is to summarize the types of information that are
produced through the application of the procedures.
To assess the ability of the manual to assist national investigators to obtain answers to the key questions, it was necessary to test it in diverse environments and cultures. Specifically, the following different systems were selected:
Andhra Pradesh, India
Mixed Spanish and indigenous
All procedures in the manual were applied by research teams in the five study sites. All team leaders (or main investigators) had backgrounds in health professions (nutrition, nursing, community medicine, public health). In several cases they also had anthropological training. Regardless of background and previous experience, the investigators agreed unanimously that the initial training workshop was a valuable preparation for carrying out the study.
The teams completed the studies within the projected time frame of six to eight weeks. In two areas (China and Peru) the manual was translated into the national language; in the other three areas, the teams worked directly from the English manual, using local translators as needed to maintain literal translations of concepts.
The investigators and their field teams generally found it easy to apply the specific techniques that they attributed to the detailed, step-by-step instructions in the manual. A number of modifications in the instructions have been made as a consequence of the thoughtful suggestions from the teams, and the post-field test revisions are based on extensive discussions with the investigators. For example, the field teams made suggestions for identifying the most appropriate time to conduct the studies and provided creative suggestions concerning the use of specific examples in the local culture to help respondents understand questions.
In some cases the teams found it advisable to adapt the dietary assessment modules - Modules 4 and 5 (Part II-C) in the manual. In the Philippines, respondents were asked to give a 24-hour recall before they were questioned with the food frequency procedure. The investigators instituted this change in order to orient the respondents to the concept of daily quantities. In India the team experienced some difficulty in recording portion size and preferred not to use the 24-hour recall in this manner. One investigator suggested that the food frequency procedure developed by IVACG (IVACG, 1989) could be substituted for Module 5, provided it was modified to use the food list developed from the other modules. Thus, the field test experiences suggested that it is possible to modify the dietary assessment section of the protocol to fit local circumstances, as long as the data yielded by the procedures can be used to rank-order the key-foods in the market survey.
The community food system data tables were successfully applied in all the test sites. The tables are also useful in clearly highlighting where further research on food composition and species identification is required. In the study among the Aetas, the list of foods contained 128 items of which twenty-seven had no scientific identification and forty-two had no recorded values for carotene or retinol. Food items for which no composition data could be found also occurred in the Cajamarca study and in Filingué, Niger. Complete data were reported for all of the food items in the community food system data tables of Doumen, China and Sheriguda, India.
To determine the ability of the protocol to document seasonal variation in food availability, and cultural perceptions of food selection as these relate to seasonality, the investigators in the Philippines repeated the study in both wet and dry seasons among the Aetas. The team found that in order to describe the variety of local vitamin A-containing food, it was necessary to have data from the wet season. They suggested that conditions in the dry season could have been obtained through interviews, without observation, by carefully interviewing key-informants. The data on cultural perceptions about food attributes and qualities remained stable. Thus, they concluded that a single study, carried out in the wet season, would have obtained all the necessary information.
determine how sensitive the protocol is to differences in food
availability and selection in rural and periurban communities
within the same geographic area, the investigators in Peru
conducted studies in two locations. The team documented
substantial differences between the two sites, with greater use
of animal foods and wild plants in the more rural site. Families
in the periurban communities relied primarily on purchased foods,
and the food list was much longer. On the other hand, there were
many similarities in food items and food beliefs, although food
beliefs appeared to be more diverse in the periurban area, in
part because of in-migrants from other regions.
Keys to understanding the available foods that can be used to prevent vitamin A deficiency are found in the key-informant interviews and the free list of foods, in the market surveys, and in the community food system data tables. In addition, information is found in the background materials on the historical, ecological, and cultural setting for the community food system.
In addition to an examination of vitamin A content (retinol or carotene), food resource data needs to include information on preservation and preparation methods, as these affect nutrient levels. The manual facilitates collection of this type of information. For example, the study report from Niger includes the description of the long cooking processes for leafy vegetables, information that is important for evaluating the food supply as consumed. Studies also should note the sources of data on nutrient composition. Thus, it is useful to find in the report on Sheriguda village that the information in the food system data tables is based on food composition studies that were conducted with the current, advanced method of analysis (HPLC) in national laboratories.
In the field studies, the community food system data tables proved to be a valuable means of summarizing the local situation. Among the Aetas in the Philippines, the table contained 128 food items. One hundred sixty one species are on the list for the periurban site in Peru, with seventy-four in
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. People with HIV might be testing positive for monkeypox more often because they tend to get regular medical care with doctors who know to look for it. Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, who’s helping lead the White House monkeypox response, says they’re taking action.
DEMETRE DASKALAKIS: From the beginning of the vaccination effort, there was guidance that because of the short of supply of vaccine that folks living with HIV should be prioritized for vaccine. But now, rather than looking for it, it’s coming to them because there’s more supply.
HUANG: Daskalakis says they’re sending vaccines into clinics that specialize in treating people with HIV and, after Pride events, where the community gathers.
Pien Huang, NPR News.
(SOUNDBITE OF AK’S “PS”)
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Nel più classico stile della casa, Munchies, la parte di Vice che si occupa di cibo, definisce “rivoltante” un nuovo studio secondo cui l’innocente abitudine di piantare candeline sulle torte per farle spegnere al festeggiato, aumenta di 14 volte la quantità di batteri sulla torta.
Sono stati i ricercatori della Clemson University a fare la scoperta, dopo aver ricreato l’esperienza del compleanno di un 17enne –nel senso che hanno piantato su una torta 17 candeline– e dopo aver prelevato alcuni campioni dalle torte per metterli in una piastra di petri, il contenitore trasparente usato in molti campi della biologia.
Il risultato, da poco pubblicato sul Journal of Food Research, è stato il seguente:
“Soffiare e spegnere le candeline aumenta la popolazione batterica sulla torta del 1400 percento”.
Il motivo sarebbe il passaggio di batteri presenti nel cavo orale sulla superficie della torta, o per dirla con i ricercatori:
“È molto probabile che soffiare e spegnere le candeline porti a dover condividere con gli altri invitati i microrganismi presenti nel tratto respiratorio del festeggiato.”
Questo non vuol dire che l’abitudine di farlo porti automaticamente qualche malattia alle persone invitate alle feste di compleanno, perché nonostante la scoperta, i ricercatori sono scettici sulla possibilità che la condivisione dei microorganismi sia sufficiente per ammalarsi.
Sarebbe prudente tuttavia, evitare di far spegnere le candeline a persone malate e contagiose.
[Crediti | Munchies]<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>What specifically sets horror apart from other genres such as fantasy and science fiction? The distinction can be distilled down to the genre’s affect of fear. As already established, horror is distinctive from other genres in that it fosters a feeling of fear in the audience. Some skeptics may think that fear, as an off-putting emotion, should be categorically avoided when discussing Catholic truths.
However, the affect of fear can serve a rhetorical role in Catholic discourse. As simply noted by F.X. Schouppe S.J., in his imprimatur text Dogma of Hell, sometimes the love of God can motivate people toward a more pious attitude; while other times, fear of damnation can motivate people toward a more pious attitude. In fact, Schouppe points out that even the benevolent Jesus made people afraid to warn others against the dangers of damnation. Fear can offer an appropriate emotional response to eternal damnation.
Consequently, if horror fiction evokes fear in response to the Catholic reality of eternal damnation, then the response can be warranted because it can motivate a sinner to change their behavior and embrace a more pious, penitent life. As maintained by Thomas Aquinas in Part I-II, Question 24, Article 3 of the Summa Theologiae: if moderated by reason, passions can foster the moral life; therefore, fear, as a type of passion, can be tempered to motivate individuals toward goodness.
Besides acting as a rhetorical motivator, how can fear be philosophically reconciled within Catholic piety? Using Aristotle as a touchstone, Thomas Aquinas explains that fear is a “special passion of the soul” specifically because fear is based on an external object. Like the special passion of hope which looks toward “a future good, difficult but possible to attain,” fear looks toward “a future evil, difficult and irresistible.”(I-II, q. 41, a. 2)
Consequently, fear has to be directed toward an external object or condition. According to Aquinas, one cannot fear oneself. Additionally, Aquinas explains that people become afraid only if there is a chance they can actually escape the imagined future of corruption or pain. If the future is fully certain, then one does not need to be afraid. Subsequently, fear, within moderation, can help an individual “take council and work with greater attention” so that they can evade corruption and pain. Aquinas states, fear only “hinders action” if it interferes with the functioning of one’s ability to clearly reason.( I-II, q. 44, a. 4)
Twentieth-century German Catholic theologian Josef Pieper explains how fear can actually strengthen the health of one’s soul. Gesturing to natural law, Pieper notes that the “correspondence to reality is the principle of both health and goodness.”(72) He further explains that since fear is a natural part of reality, then it can help facilitate health and goodness. He also mentions that in modern culture, we often try to reassure ourselves to the point of attempting to eliminate fear completely from our lives. Pieper clarifies that fear can play an important guiding role in our lives. After all, he states, “nothing is so fearful that the strong cannot bear and endure it with dignity.”(69)
As noted by Aristotle in his Nicomachean Ethics and restated by Pieper: courage, as a cardinal virtue, is not the same as fearlessness, nor can courage be defined as being too overwhelmed by fear—as that will lead to cowardice. Rather, courage requires a moderate amount of natural fear. Pieper asserts that the “Christian rule of life will never teach that we should not or must not be afraid of the fear-inducing.”(70) He states that Catholic theology supports this claim.
Specifically, he explains that courage keeps human beings loving their lives in such ways as to not give up living. Similarly, a Catholic’s fear of God can be seen as the fear of losing eternal life. He claims that this is the “foundation of all Christian courage.”(71) Therefore, according to Pieper, fear is required to be courageous, and courage keeps Catholics living ethically and healthily in correspondence with God and the eternal law.
Ultimately, Catholic Horror fiction can provide an imaginative venue to experience fear and thusly ponder what is means to be courageous in one’s Earthly life and one’s spiritual life. Fear serves a role within Roman Catholicism and therefore it can be purposed to help Catholic and non-Catholic readers and viewers of fear-evoking art become more courageous in their daily lives or in spiritual matters.
Some critics may view horror fiction as too shocking for Catholic audiences. According to these counterarguments, the abrasive quality of horror fiction seems to disrupt the peaceful harmony of a well-ordered soul. However, these critics may forget that Christianity has repeatedly used exaggeration and shock-appeal as acceptable rhetorical devices. This approach can be seen in the Gospels. Jesus did not shy away from calling himself the “Son of God” when speaking to skeptics. He shocked the disbelievers and offended devout Jews with these statements.
As a result, Jesus shocked audiences into listening to Him. In addition, some parables like the “Parable of the Marriage Feast” found in the Gospel of Matthew (22:1-14) use violent imagery to shock the audiences into understanding the primary message. In the parable, a king sends his armies to go kill and burn the cities of those people who did not accept his invitation to the marriage feast of his son. When the king finally gathered guests for his wedding feast, one particular man was not dressed appropriately for the feast. The king bound up the man, sent him into the “exterior darkness” where there was “weeping and grinding of teeth.”
The shocking content and aggressive tone of Jesus’s parable serves a rhetorical function. In the context of the parable, the king’s use of death and violence figuratively emphasize severity of dismissing an “invitation” to share in the divine life of God. In more contemporary literature, the successful 20th century American Catholic writer Flannery O’Connor also used shocking plot points and characters in her fiction to escort her audiences toward an understand about salvation and grace. As a writer of dark fiction, she often illustrates violence to communicate Catholic themes.
For example, in her short story “A Good Man is Hard to Find,” the grandmother’s final epiphany is communicated from the barrel of a convict’s gun. He shoots her three times, symbolizing the grandmother’s need for God’s grace, something outside of herself.
In addition, O’Connor spotlights grotesque characters throughout her stories, such as the mother with the face like a “cabbage” in “A Good Man is Hard to Find” or Hulga/Joy with the missing leg in “Good Country People.” In choosing grotesque characters, O’Connor highlights characters’ ignorance or misinterpretation of sin or the spiritual world.
Ultimately, O’Connor wrote explicitly about her rhetorical use of shock in her fiction. In 1969, she claimed, “When you can assume that your audience holds the same beliefs you do, you can relax a little and use more normal means of talking to it; when you have to assume that it does not, then you have to make your vision apparent by shock—to the hard of hearing you shout, and for the almost-blind you draw large and startling figures.”(34) With this quotation, she summarizes how and why horror—a genre that uses violence and the grotesque—can work as a rhetoric vis-à-vis resistant audiences. Shock startles audiences, specifically resistant secular audiences, into listening or reading about religious themes.
As an imaginative genre where shock is expected as a genre convention, horror fiction provides an appropriate rhetorical vehicle for artists to awaken audiences into understanding Catholic reality. The shock holds rhetorical value: it helps jolt audiences into understand the faith and, by extension, grow in grace. This approach differs from that of more extreme horror—such as grindhouse horror films and splatter-punk horror novels—that use shock appeal merely as an end, not as a means. Instead, shock appeal acts as the means to carry readers and viewers toward a specific Catholic perspective.
Another common objection concerns evil imagery and satanic characters. Skeptics can specifically accuse horror films as being too severe especially in respect to the explicit depiction of evil, demons, and the Devil. Often, they appeal to the Catechism of the Catholic Church in such counter-argumentation. Specifically, they refer to Article 1868 about the “proliferation of sin”: “we have a responsibility of the sins committed by others when we cooperate in them […] by participating directly and voluntarily in them.”(457)
Therefore, skeptics posit that Catholics should avoid the risk of participating in obscene horror, especially extreme violent “torture-porn” horror (such as Hostel and the Saw film franchises) where the text itself draws viewers into sin, normalizing promiscuous sex, violence, and exposure to evil. Certainly, it makes sense for Catholics to avoid this type of hyper-gratuitous horror fiction. However, unlike this type of gratuitous horror, Catholic horror media can resist violence as an end itself and recognize violence as a by-product of spiritual warfare; these narratives can portray violence as terrifyingly evil and thusly should be avoided.
In short, not all violent horror narratives or horror narratives that portray evil are categorically inconsistent with the Catholic mission. Many of popular horror narratives are indeed inconsistent with the Catholic mission—but the inconsistency unfolds from the intent of the artist and the text itself, not from the separate narrative ingredients.
Since the Second Vatican Council, Catholics sometimes gloss over the existence of diabolic activity. Contemporary Catholics can resist what they consider “unenlightened” discussions about Hell, the devil, or demons. However, 21st century Catholic clergy, cardinals, and popes remain steadfast in their discussions about Hell, demons, and the devil and argue that they still act as crucial Roman Catholic dogma. For example, in his 2015 book, God or Nothing, Cardinal Robert Sarah emphasizes the referential dimension of spiritual warfare in Catholicism and curtly proclaims, “Hell is a reality, not an idea.” He lauds Pope Francis’s repeated discussion of the devil, especially Pope Francis’s homily of his first Mass as Pope, where the pontiff took a hardline stance proclaiming, “Anyone who does not pray to the Lord, prays to the devil.”(224) Both Cardinal Sarah and Pope Francis assert claims about hell as part of the Catholic spiritual reality.
Horror narratives that involve demonic possession and spiritual warfare invigorate a similar type of spiritual discourse. By forwarding referential claims about spiritual warfare, these horror narratives can offer similar powerful evangelical rhetorics. For example, Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuit order and a 16th century Catholic saint, became inspired to more fully practice Catholicism when he embraced a spiritual warfare angle.
When bedridden between the years 1521 to 1522, Ignatius read a 1511 edition of Flos Sanctorum (a Spanish translation of The Golden Legend, a popular book on the lives of the saints),which included a prologue by Cistercian Gualberto Fabricio Vagad. In this prologue, Vagad describes the saints as “knights for God” who served the “ever victorious banner” of the “eternal prince, Jesus Christ.”(16) Since Ignatius had worked as a soldier and enjoyed chivalric literature, Vagad’s militaristic rhetoric resonated with Ignatius. Ultimately, it helped propel Ignatius into a more devout Catholic life and inspired him to found the influential Society of Jesus.
Representations of spiritual warfare can strengthen a reader or viewer’s existing faith. As 16th century Catholic mystic and saint Teresa of Avila advises: “Every time we make the demons the object of our contempt, they lose their strength and the soul acquires a greater superiority over them.”(219) By witnessing simulated instances of spiritual warfare in a horror book or film, the audience can cultivate this pious contempt for evil and thusly inwardly grow toward holiness. For example, the 20th century Catholic mystic and saint Padre Pio notably used this approach when he grappled with diabolic apparitions.
According to sources, demonic forces would throw Padre Pio from his bed, upend the furniture of his bedroom, and appear as deceitful illusions. However, after he became more accustomed to the attacks, Padre Pio felt a deep sense of spiritual joy while he combated the evil spirits. Because he was being tested, he became closer to God. Similarly, faithful audiences can use Catholic horror, specifically horror about spiritual warfare, as a means to inspire and strengthen their faith in a Higher Power against temptations of sin.
Overall, the genre characteristics of Catholic horror can demonstrate that religious discourse may not need to overly censor the genre to accommodate religious ideas. Rather, the individual creator or participant merely needs to understand how the genre’s traits can be deliberately used to maximize the rhetoric of the message. Genre traits can act as opportunities rather than obstacles. Often, critics of the horror genre mistake the genre as the message itself, rather than recognizing that the genre can serve the message.
For instance, a violent horror film need not be advocating violence itself; the film could be demonstrating the undesirable ills of violence. Simply, it depends on how the genre element is being rhetorically implemented in the context of the fiction. To read a horror text assuming an author’s ill-will can be over-simplistic. Rather, in effective religious horror, these genre traits can serve to the philosophical and theological ideology of the particular religion within the horror narrative itself.
In short, it seems that Catholicism does not need categorically censor such genre conventions. In An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, 19th century Catholic thinker John Henry Newman discusses the development of ideas in respect to the nature of truth, stating, “The stronger and more living is an idea, that is, the more powerful hold it exercises on the minds of men, the more able is it to dispense with safeguards, and trust to itself against the danger of corruption.”(188) Strong systems of ideas can adapt to a culture and environment and maintain resilience without erecting firewalls that inhibit creativity.
This strength can preserve religious truth within horror fiction. In other words, the genre cannot pervert the truth if the truth drives the genre. Catholics can have confidence in the resilience and vitality of Catholic ideas. As long as the horror genre rhetorically instructs the truth, rather than misrepresent Catholic ideas for mere entertainment, the artist will not be contributing to the “culture of death.” Instead, the artist can offer a valuable communicative asset as they seek to expand the understanding of the Catholic faith in the empowering spirit of the Second Vatican Council. As a result, Catholic horror fiction seems to open a rhetoric that inclusively communicates Catholic theology to a range of religious and nonreligious audiences.
Gavin F. Hurley is an Assistant Professor of English at The University of Providence (Great Falls, MT) where he teaches writing and rhetoric. He has published articles on the rhetoric, religion, and/or horror fiction in numerous journals—including Journal of Catholic Higher Education, Horror Studies, and the Journal of Communication and Religion—as well as within various essay collections.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The beginning of a new decade also marks the fifth year since the member countries of the UN committed themselves to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With just another decade left to achieve these ambitious yet essential targets, the evaluation of the achievements of the past five years and the opinions on the realistic chances of actually accomplishing this global mission are quite pessimistic.
The Sustainable Development Report Dashboard, an online tool developed by German foundation Bertelsmann Stiftung that ranks 162 countries by their accomplishments of the SDGs, unveils a remarkable north-south gap. While developed countries, particularly Scandinavian, dominate the top of the rankings, the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region fills the lower half of the list, with Algeria performing the best with a score of 71.1% of its SDG targets achieved. Sub-Saharan countries are found in the lower third of the list, with Central African Republic being at the bottom with a score of only 39.1%.
In its latest report, the UN's Food and Agriculture Organisation warns that most SDGs linked to hunger, food security and nutrition will be missed. The same trends are reported in education, healthcare and access to water and sanitation in Africa, which demands more private and public investment in these areas to change this devastating trend.
Undoubtedly, many reasons for this failure can be identified within the inner
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کنیم.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Il Signore ha dichiarato: «Avverrà in quel giorno che ognuno udrà la pienezza del Vangelo nella sua lingua e nell’idioma suo proprio, tramite coloro che saranno ordinati a questo potere» (DeA 90:11). Rafforza la testimonianza personale per dare alle tue parole il potere di convertire. Per prima cosa studia le dottrine e le lezioni nella tua madrelingua. Questa conoscenza rafforzerà la tua testimonianza e capacità d’insegnare e portare testimonianza con convinzione. Puoi allora imparare a esprimere, sotto la guida dello Spirito, il messaggio della Restaurazione nella lingua della missione.
Sotto sono elencati dei modi in cui puoi rafforzare la fede nel fatto che il Signore ti aiuterà a insegnare e a portare testimonianza nella lingua della missione:
Riconosci di essere stato chiamato da Dio tramite un profeta.
Vivi in maniera degna di avere la compagnia dello Spirito Santo.
Sii obbediente ai comandamenti e alle norme missionarie.
Prega con sincerità per avere la guida divina.
Ogni giorno studia, esercitati e usa la lingua della missione.
Occorre uno sforzo assiduo per imparare a insegnare con efficacia nella lingua della missione. Non ti stupire se all’inizio il compito appare arduo. Occorre tempo per imparare una lingua. Sii paziente con te stesso. Cerca l’aiuto del collega, dei fedeli, dei simpatizzanti e degli altri missionari.
Non smettere di migliorare le tue capacità linguistiche una volta che le persone iniziano a comprenderti. Quando le tue capacità espressive miglioreranno, le persone presteranno attenzione più a ciò che dici che al modo in cui lo dici. Ti preoccuperai meno di come comunicare i sentimenti del tuo cuore. Sarai meglio in grado di soddisfare le esigenze dei simpatizzanti e di rispondere ai suggerimenti dello Spirito.
Sforzati di aver la padronanza della lingua durante la missione e dopo il tuo ritorno a casa. Il Signore ha investito molto su di te e potrebbe ritenere utili le tue capacità linguistiche anche in seguito. L’anziano Jeffrey R. Holland ha spiegato: «Noi… speriamo che tutti i missionari che imparano una nuova lingua per fare opera di proselitismo ne siano padroni sotto tutti gli aspetti possibili… Se questo sarà il vostro caso, le vostre capacità di predicare e di portare testimonianza miglioreranno. Sarete accolti meglio dai simpatizzanti e lascerete in loro un’impressione più spirituale… Non accontentatevi di quello che noi definiamo gergo missionario. Sforzatevi per apprendere la lingua e avrete maggiore accesso al cuore delle persone» (trasmissione satellitare per i missionari, agosto 1998).
Non sei lasciato solo nell’apprendimento della lingua della missione. Ogni qualvolta il Signore dà un comandamento, prepara una via per adempierlo (vedere 1 Nefi 3:7). Cerca il Suo aiuto. Impegnati nello studio. Col tempo acquisirai la padronanza linguistica necessaria per adempiere il tuo scopo missionario.
Se non parli inglese, dovresti studiarlo durante la missione. Ciò ti sarà di beneficio durante la missione e nella vita. La conoscenza dell’inglese ti permetterà di contribuire all’edificazione del regno del Signore in altri modi e sarà utile a te e alla tua famiglia. Molti suggerimenti che si trovano in questo capitolo ti saranno d’aiuto. Concentrati in particolar modo su quanto segue:
Stabilisci la meta di parlare inglese con il collega. Se il collega conosce già l’inglese e sta cercando di apprendere la tua lingua, potreste scegliere di parlare inglese quando siete a casa e la lingua nuova quando siete fuori.
Leggi con il collega il Libro di Mormon in inglese. Potreste anche alternare: tu leggi un versetto in inglese e il collega ne legge un altro nella lingua nuova. Correggetevi a vicenda per quanto riguarda la pronuncia e l’intonazione.
Chiedi al presidente di missione di suggerirti un testo di grammatica elementare della lingua inglese, se non ne hai già uno.
Questa sezione descrive i principi che possono aiutarti a studiare e imparare con più efficacia la lingua.
Assumiti le tue responsabilità. Adatta o stabilisci con regolarità delle mete riguardo all’apprendimento della lingua e al programma di studio. Sforzati di sfruttare tutte le opportunità per parlare la lingua.
Fai sì che lo studio sia proficuo. Chiediti: perché sto studiando questo? In che modo una migliore comunicazione mi sarà di beneficio? Metti in relazione ciò che studi alle situazioni di vita e alle attività quotidiane. Studia le parti del linguaggio che ti aiuteranno a comunicare ciò che desideri dire. Ad esempio, se c’è nelle Scritture una storia che vorresti utilizzare quando insegni, impara i vocaboli e la grammatica necessari per raccontarla.
Sforzati di parlare. Cerca di trovare un equilibrio tra lo studio grammaticale e strutturale della lingua e l’apprendimento mediante le attività quotidiane. Nulla può sostituire la pratica con persone madrelingua.
Impara in maniera approfondita i nuovi concetti. Potrai rammentare e usare efficacemente i principi linguistici se ripassi regolarmente ciò che hai studiato e se ti eserciti in situazioni nuove.
Un piano di studio linguistico aiuta sia i missionari nuovi sia i veterani a concentrarsi su ciò che possono fare tutti i giorni per migliorare le capacità espressive nella lingua nuova. Il piano specificherà ciò che farai durante il tempo dedicato allo studio linguistico e nell’arco della giornata.
Se necessario, dedica un po’ del tempo destinato all’apprendimento della lingua a stabilire o adattare il piano di studio. Poi, ogni mattina durante il tempo dedicato allo studio linguistico impara i vocaboli e la grammatica necessari per le attività della giornata. Le seguenti procedure ti aiuteranno a stabilire il piano di studio linguistico.
Stabilisci delle mete. Le mete settimanali e giornaliere ti aiuteranno ad apprendere la lingua della missione. Concentra i tuoi obiettivi sul miglioramento della tua capacità comunicativa e didattica durante le attività programmate, come gli appuntamenti per insegnare, le occasioni per trovare dei simpatizzanti e le riunioni di consiglio di rione. Ripassa i progressi compiuti nel raggiungere le mete linguistiche. Chiediti che cosa puoi fare per comunicare con maggiore chiarezza e potere durante le attività programmate.
Scegli quale strumento impiegare. Esamina i seguenti strumenti linguistici e stabilisci quale usare per raggiungere le mete:
Le opere canoniche nella lingua della missione.
Le lezioni nella lingua della missione.
Un vocabolario tascabile.
Una piccola grammatica.
Il materiale dell’MTC relativo alla lingua.
Cartoncini per gli appunti.
Un taccuino tascabile.
Altri materiali della Chiesa nella lingua della missione.
Impara a memoria parole e frasi. Individua i vocaboli e le frasi che ti aiuteranno a conseguire i tuoi obiettivi. Il piano di studio potrebbe comprendere le idee seguenti:
Cerca nelle lezioni, negli opuscoli, nelle Scritture e nelle altre pubblicazioni della Chiesa le parole e le frasi che puoi impiegare nell’insegnamento.
Scrivi in un taccuino le parole o le frasi che non conosci. Porta con te un vocabolario tascabile e cerca questi termini.
Porta con te dei cartoncini su cui scrivere degli appunti da studiare durante la giornata. Scrivi una parola o una frase su un lato e la definizione sul lato opposto. Metti da parte le parole che impari. Impegnati sulle parole restanti fino a che non le impari tutte.
Usa nuove parole e frasi durante lo studio personale, l’insegnamento e nel corso della giornata.
Esercitati sulla pronuncia ripetendo ad alta voce le parole e le frasi nuove.
Impara a memoria i passi scritturali fondamentali nella lingua della missione.
Memorizza dichiarazioni semplici tratte dalle lezioni o dagli opuscoli e che comunicano i principi evangelici principali. Cerca altri modi per esprimere le tue idee.
Impara la grammatica. Usa i tuoi strumenti linguistici per individuare le regole grammaticali che ti aiuteranno a raggiungere le tue mete. Se necessario, chiedi aiuto al collega, a un missionario esperto o a un membro della Chiesa. Prendi in esame la possibilità di mettere in pratica le idee seguenti:
Usa la grammatica ricevuta all’MTC o un testo approvato dal presidente di missione per aiutarti a comprendere le regole e la struttura delle frasi che trovi nelle lezioni, negli opuscoli e nelle Scritture.
Formula le frasi che applicano questi principi grammaticali e che impiegherai nelle attività programmate. Esercitati a pronunciare e scrivere le frasi.
Presta attenzione alla struttura delle frasi nella lingua nuova, come pure ai vocaboli e alla loro definizione.
Ogni giorno cerca delle occasioni per esercitarti e mettere in pratica la grammatica che studi.
Ascolta attivamente. Prendi in considerazione di fare quanto segue:
Ascolta con attenzione la gente madrelingua. Imita ciò che ascolti.
Quando senti qualcosa che non sai, prendi un appunto e cercane il significato. Esercitati a usare il vocabolario o a esprimerti seguendo la struttura corretta della frase.
Quando ascolti, individua i vocaboli e le strutture che hai imparato da poco tempo.
Quando ascolti una frase espressa in maniera diversa da come la diresti tu, scrivila e ripetila. Come servitore del Signore, tuttavia, usa sempre un linguaggio corretto, non gerghi o modi di dire.
Elenca le cose che le persone potrebbero dirti durante le attività programmate. Controlla le parole e le frasi relative alle risposte. Programma ed esercitati sui modi in cui potresti rispondere.
Migliora le capacità di lettura e scrittura. Leggi il Libro di Mormon nella lingua della missione per imparare vocaboli e frasi e per esercitarti nella grammatica, pronuncia e scorrevolezza. C’è un gran potere nell’usare le Scritture nella lingua che studi. Considera, inoltre, le idee seguenti:
Impara a leggere e a scrivere l’alfabeto o i caratteri della tua lingua. Per quanto riguarda i sistemi di scrittura basati sui caratteri, concentrati sulla capacità di lettura, ad esempio, delle Scritture, che ti sarà utile quando insegni.
Leggi a voce alta nella lingua della missione il Libro di Mormon, le altre Scritture o le riviste della Chiesa. Presta attenzione alle parole, alle frasi e alle regole di grammatica che non conosci. Se non capisci una parola, cerca di comprenderne il significato dal contesto prima di cercarla sul vocabolario. Aggiungila ai cartoncini con gli appunti. Se necessario, usa contemporaneamente le Scritture nella tua lingua madre e in quella nuova.
Quando leggi, fatti assistere da una persona per quanto riguarda la pronuncia, l’intonazione e le pause.
Esercitati a scrivere nella lingua della missione, ad esempio, bigliettini e promemoria, lettere, note di ringraziamento e d’incoraggiamento. Scrivi la tua testimonianza sulle copie del Libro di Mormon che distribuisci.
Chiedi alle persone di aiutarti. Prendi in considerazione quanto segue:
Se il collega è un madrelingua, approfitta di questa grande occasione per fargli spesso delle domande e avere una valutazione.
Chiedi al collega e ai madrelingua di correggerti e di suggerirti dei modi per migliorare. Se usano una parola che non conosci, chiedi loro di spiegarla. I bambini e i nonni spesso sono disposti ad aiutare.
Invita coloro cui insegni ad aiutarti. Spiega: «Sto imparando la Sua lingua. La prego di aiutarmi. Se non mi viene in mente una parola, la prego di aiutarmi».
Non esitare a chiedere aiuto specifico. «Come si dice ?» «Come si pronuncia ?» «Che cosa significa ?» «Può ripetere, per cortesia?» Scrivi le risposte e studiale.
Chiedi ai membri della Chiesa di farti domande sui tuoi cartoncini di appunti o sugli elenchi di parole, e di aiutarti a leggere ad alta voce le Scritture.
Valuta e rivedi il piano di studio. Tutte le settimane controlla il piano di studio e valuta se sta funzionando. Invita il collega e i dirigenti della missione a suggerirti aree di miglioramento.
Usa la lingua della missione in ogni occasione. Durante il giorno parla quanto più possibile la lingua nuova con il collega. Prega nella lingua nuova sia a livello personale che pubblicamente per imparare il linguaggio adatto alle preghiere e a esprimere i sentimenti del cuore.
Non temere di commettere errori. Chiunque impara una lingua nuova fa degli sbagli. Le persone comprenderanno e apprezzeranno i tuoi sforzi per imparare la loro lingua. Memorizzare frasi e versetti ti aiuterà a evitare errori, ma non ricorrere a passi lunghi imparati a memoria o a foglietti preparati per evitare di sbagliare.
Aiuta il collega ad avere successo e ad acquisire quanto più velocemente possibile fiducia nell’apprendimento della lingua. Elogia spesso e sinceramente il collega e gli altri missionari per il progresso compiuto. Stai attento a non dire o fare nulla che potrebbe indebolire la loro fiducia, ma non proteggerli al punto che non imparano nulla. Non negare il tuo aiuto quando è necessario. Fornisci loro molte occasioni per insegnare e portare testimonianza con successo. Prendi in considerazione le idee seguenti per imparare con il collega:
Insegnatevi a vicenda la grammatica e i vocaboli che avete imparato.
Esercitatevi a insegnare nella lingua della missione. All’inizio, i missionari nuovi potrebbero insegnare in maniera molto semplice, condividere una testimonianza elementare e recitare dei versetti memorizzati. Man mano che la loro fiducia e capacità aumentano, potranno partecipare più pienamente nell’insegnare ai simpatizzanti.
Esercitatevi nella lingua per comunicare in situazioni missionarie comuni.
Fornitevi a vicenda e con gentilezza una valutazione semplice e pratica. È importante, inoltre, ricevere la valutazione senza offendersi.
Notate come un missionario con una certa esperienza abbia aiutato il collega nella seguente storia veramente accaduta:
Ero appena arrivato nella mia seconda città quando il collega mi disse che sarebbe toccato a me portare il pensiero spirituale a un appuntamento per cena. Ero più che preoccupato: il mio primo collega era sempre stato felice di insegnare e io ero abituato a tenere la mia piccola parte di lezione e poi ascoltare mentre egli spiegava e rispondeva a tutte le domande.
Cercai di convincere il mio collega che avrebbe dovuto portare lui il pensiero spirituale, ma egli mi incoraggiò ad accettare l’incarico. Mi esercitai con il suo aiuto.
Quando arrivò il momento, aprii le Scritture e lessi dei passi da 3 Nefi 5 e 7. Feci fatica ma riuscii a spiegare il motivo per cui pensavo che i passi che avevo
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alone at a restaurant when an attractive
tall woman past her first youth came up to him.
You dont remember me ? she said.
Durant didnt remember her.
I am Rilla tenant I was Rilla Mabry when you knew me.
You came to my home town and and rather made my life over.
Remember now ?
Of course I do said Durant. I remember very well. It
was my one attempt at changing the destiny of another person.
You did a wonderful job. said Rilla. There was a strange
note in her voice which he didnt understand.
You married the boy you were in love with. I see. His name
was Tannent wasnt it ?
Why yes said Rilla. But how did you remember the name
? And how did you know I was in love with him?
I am good at remembering names. And I saw you looking at
him. Simplicity itself! And to think that I was the cause!
Yes you were said Rilla. It was very funny when you look
back on it. There I was going with Patrick Redding and in
love with Shane and terribly unhappy and awkward. And you
came down and said I was a beauty- so automatically I became
a beauty. And the boys all wanted to go out with me. And I
married Shane.
Wonderful said Durant. And he smiled happily. How are
you getting along now ?
That is the difficult part. said Rilla. You shouldnt
have asked.
Shane and I got married. And it didnt get along very well
though I was aw¤¤¤¤y happy in the beginning. The Tennant lost
all of their money in a bank failure- and my family had its
money in the Tennant bank by that time so our money went too.
Then Shane fell in love with a chorus girl. I got a divorce
of course. Ive been teaching in a girls school for the past
three years.
Thats too bad! said Durant. But maybe that was better
than marrying that other boy whom you didnt love.
May be said Rilla. You can never tell. Love goes
Patrick
Redding took his fathers grocery store and married the cutest
girl in town. They have three children and are very happy.
And oh yes he became quite ambitious and started a chain of
grocery store. Now he is the richest and most important man
in town
|ing
Thyra
Samter Winslow
On
üç yaşından beri Rilla Mabry görünüşünden utanıyordu. Bu yaştan
sonra diğer kızlardan daha uzun olmaya başladı. Aynı zamanda
beceriksiz çok ince ve oldukça uzundu.
Yirmi yaşına geldiğinde görünüşünün korkunç olduğuna tamamen
ikna olmuştu. Diğer kızların hepsi kısa sevimli ve çekiciydi.
Rilla ne giyse kötü görünüyordu. Çok uzun olduğundan hazır
elbiseler tam anlamıyla üzerinde asılı şekilde duruyordu.
Gruptaki bütün kızlar ve erkekler Rillayı seviyordu. İyi
bir kızdı eğer görünüşüne kulak asmazsanız. Çok ince olduğu
için saçı bile kötü görünüyordu fakat çok hoş ve çekici bir
yüzü vardı.
Görünüşüne rağmen Rillanın bir erkek arkadaşı vardı. O Patrick
Reddingti ve babasının bir bakkalı vardı. Pat fazla etmezdi
fakat bakışlarıyla Rilladan da fazla birşey bekleyemezdiniz.
İnsanlar Rillanın tatmin olması gerektiğini düşünürlerdi.
Pat iyi görünüşlü bir çocuktu ve önemsiz olduğu düşünülmemeliydi.
Rilla Patin önemsiz olduğunu düşünmüyordu. Kendisine iyi
davrandığı için o da ona karşı saygılıydı. Elinden geldiğince
ona hoş ve arkadaşça davranıyordu. Aslında Pati çok seviyordu.
Onunla birlikte olmak eğlenceliydi. Shane Tannenta aşık olmasaydı
çok memnun olabilirdi. Bunun faydası yoktu zira Shane kasabanın
gözdesiydi. Shanein babası bankacıydı ve zengindi.
Annesi kasabanın sosyal lideriydi. Buna ilaveten Shane Rilladan
daha uzun ve üstelik yakışıklıydı da.
Pat babasıyla beraber bakkal işine girdi. Shane bankaya girdi.
Eğer Hukuk veya diğer meslekler hakkında idealleri yoksa erkek
çocukların kasabada baş vurduğu yol buydu. Rilla birşey yapmadı.
Onun anne ve babasının yeterince parası vardı ve o çalışmak
zorunda değildi. Patrickle beraber partilere gitti ve Shanee
uzaktan hayranlık duydu. Kasaba halkı onun Pat ile evleneceğini
babasının bakkalını devralacağını ve kasabaya yerleşeceklerini
zannediyordu.
Eğer Leslie Durant olmasaydı bu beklentiler gerçekleşebilirdi.
Leslie Durant geçmişte ve halen tanınmış birgazete ressamıydı.
Halasını ziyaret için Morisvilleye geldi ve tabiki partilerin
olduğu her yere sürüldü. Sezonun en sosyal insanıydı. Kasabada
yalnızca bir kaç gün kalmasına rağmen bu süre birçok şeyin
gerçekleşmesi için yeterliydi.
Rilla Mabryi gördü. Rilla kapının yanında duruyor ve Shane
Tennanta bakıyordu. Ne düşündüğünü yüzünün ne kadar gösterdiğini
hiçbir zaman bilmiyordu. Daha önce hiçkimse bunu farketmemişti
ama yeni olduğu için Durant durumu anlamıştı. Üzerinde kötü
duran bir elbise ve düzgün olmayan saçlarıyla uzun görünmemek
için eğik duran Rillayı gördü. Sonra Shaneigördü mükemmel
giyinmiş kendine güvenir ve yakışıklı. Ve sonra Pat Rillaya
dans teklif etmek için yanına geldi.
Ziyaretinin
ikinci gününde Durant dikkat çekici sözlerini söyledi. Onu
dinleyen herkese Rillanın kasabada
gördüğü en güzel kız olduğunu söyledi. Hayatında gördüğü en
güzel kızlardan biri diye söyledi.
Rilla daha önce bakışları hakkında hiç iltifat almamıştı.
Her zaman utangaç kendi halinde ve genellikle görünüşünden
mutsuzdu. Ve şimdi güzellik konusunda ilk otorite olan ve
kasabaya ilk defa gelen birisi onun kasabanın gözdesi olduğunu
söylüyordu.
Durant onun hakkında ne düşündüğünü anlattığında kafası karıştı.
Sonunda teşekkür etmeyi başarabildi. Ve daha sonra utangaç
bir şekilde ona gitti.
Bana nasıl daha güzel görünebileceğimi anlatabileceğinizi
umuyorum dedi.
Bu gerçekten benim uzmanlık alanım değil dedi ona Fakat
belki beraber olabilirsek
Ertesi sabah buluştular.
Durant Rillaın evine geldi. Rillanın annesinin yardımı ile
Rilla ve elbiseleri üzerinde düzeltmeler yaptılar. Durant
ona dik durmasını gösterdi. Ve saçlarını tekrar düzenledi.
Ve giydiği elbiselerde neyin hatalı olduğunu anlattı.
O gece Durrant için dans vardı.Kasabadaki son gecesiydi. Ve
Durant düşündüklerini yapmaya başlarken Rilla hayatında ilk
defa ilgi odağıydı. Gecenin sonlarına doğru Durant Rillanın
özlemle baktığı ve ona dikkat bile etmeyen Shane Tannentın
Rilla ile nazikçe dans edişini görmenin mutluluğunu yaşıyordu.
Durant Newyorka evine ve işine geri döndü ve herşeyi unuttu.
Yıllar geçti. Ve evvelsigün bu gerçekleşti:
Durant bir restoranda tek başına öğle yemeği yerken uzun boylu
çekici ve orta yaşlı bir hanım ona doğru gelip durdu. Beni
hatırlamıyorsun değil mi?dedi. Durant onu hatırlamamıştı.
Ben rilla Tannent. Siz beni tanıdığınız zaman ben Rilla Mabry
idim. Sen benim kasabama geldin ve hayatımı değiştirdin. Şimdi
hatırladın mı?
Elbette hatırladım. dedi Durant. Çok iyi hatırlıyorum .Bu
başka birinin hayatını değiştirmek için gösterdiğim bir çabaydı.
Çok iyi bir iş yaptındedi Rilla. Sesinde onun hiç anlamadığı
bir ton vardı.
Anladım aşık olduğun çocukla evlendin. Adı Tennanttı değil
mi?
Evet dedi Rilla Fakat onun adını nasıl hatırlıyorsunuz?
Ve benim ona aşık olduğumu nasıl anladınız?
İsimleri hatırlamakta çok iyiyimdir. Ve seni ona bakarken
gördüm. Çok kolaydı. Benim sebep olduğumu niye düşündün?
Evet sendin dedi Rilla. Tekrar ana dönüp baktığında çok
komikti. Ben orada Pat Redding ile çıkıyordum ama Shane Tennanta
aşıktım ve çok mutsuzdum. Sonra sen geldin ve bana güzelsin
dedin ve ben güzel oldum. Ve bütün erkekler benimle çıkmak
istedi. Ve ben Shane ile evlendim.
Çok güzel dedi Durant ve mutlu şekilde gülümsedi. Ya şimdi
ne yapıyorsun?
Bu zor tarafı dedi Rilla. Sormamalıydın.
Shane ve ben evlendik fakat fazla uzun sürmedi ilk zamanlar
çok mutluydum. Bir bankanın batması ile Tennantlar bütün paralarını
kaybettiler. Ve benim ailemde o zamanlar parasını Tennant
Bankasında saklıyordu ve bizim paramızda uçtu. Sonra Shane
bir koro kızına aşık oldu. Boşandım elbette. Son üç yıldır
kızlar okulunda öğretmenlik yapıyorum.
Bu çok kötü dedi Durant. Fakat belkide bu sevmediğin diğer
çocukla evlenmekten daha iyidir.
Belki dedi Rilla. Hiç bir zaman anlatamassın. Aşk geçici
Patrick Redding babasının bakkalını aldı ve kasabanın en şirin
kızıyla evlendi. Üç çocukları var ve çok mutlular. Çok hırslandı
ve bir bakkallar zincirine sahip oldu. Şimdi kasabanın en
zengin ve saygın adamı.
||Clockwork
||Howard
Breslin
It was a small window with narrow pieces of paper pasted across
it to prevent its breaking during the heavy air raids. In the
small space at the center that remained a little man with eyeglasses
was care¤¤¤¤y setting out his display of clocks and watches.
He paid no attention to many Londoners hurrying by to begin
another day.
When he finished placing his merchandise the little man came
out of the shop and stared in the window. He had placed the
clocks and watches with great care the clocks in a row at
the back and in front of them lying flat a semicircle of watches.
All the clocks had their faces neatly divided in the middle
by hands that pointed to six oclock; all the watches thin or
fat had their hands pointing straight at three oclock.
Yes said the jeweler with a satisfied look. Very nice.
About an hour later a passenger got out of the bus at the corner.
He was a tall man with a blonde mustache and he wore a heavy
overcoat and black hat. He was slightly lame and carried a cane.
He smiled when the policeman at the corner said Good morning
to him. The lame mans name was Gebhardt and the policemans
superior officers would have been very glad to know that.
Gebhardt walked slowly leaning heavily on his cane. The meeting
with the policeman never failed to amuse him. and he smiled
to himself at the stupidity of the English. Gebhardt looked
into the jewelry shop window.
There was no expression on his face as he looked from the clocks
that said six to the watches that said three. He had passed
the shop faith¤¤¤¤y every day for two weeks but had never gone
in. Gebhardt set his wristwatch and pushed open the door.
A salesman was talking to the jeweler at the far end of the
counter but they turned as the door shut. The jeweler walked
toward Gebhardt and stared at him. Yes? asked the little man.
My watch said Gebhardt. It seems to have stopped. An hour
or so ago. He took off his watch and laid it on the counter.
The watchs hands indicated nine oclock. I see said the
jeweler Stopped.
Gebhardt looked toward the salesman but salesman was busy examining
a catalogue. The jeweler picked up the watch.
Gebhardt said: And you might change the strap. That one is
about worn up.
He leaned against the counter and waited. Once he looked into
the back room where the jeweler had taken his watch. He could
see the old man bent over a desk examining his watch. Gebhardt
lit a cigarette and waited.
It was less then five minutes when the little man came back.
He held out the watch with its new strap and Gebhardt put it
on. You should be careful said the jeweler. That is a fine
watch.
Yes I know said Gebhardt casually. And Im sure it will
work perfectly now. He paid the jeweler and left the shop.
All the way back to his room Gebhardt was conscious of the strap
on his wrist but he did not look at the watch even once. After
all in his business you couldnt be too careful.
Once inside the small room where he had lived since he first
came to London Gebhardt put aside all appearance of lameness
and moved about the room with quick sureness locking the door
pulling down the curtains. Finally he lit the light over his
desk and took of his wristwatch.
Working rapidly he removed the straps from both ends of the
watch. Then with a knife he opened the end of the straps and
finally from one hand took out of a small piece of very thin
paper. He spread the paper out on his desk and with a glass
began to study the message which was written in code.
The message was short and to the point. It read: Trucks from
King Charles Square will transport Regiment 55 tomorrow A.M.
Act at once.
So said Gebhardt softly. He burned the paper in the ashtray.
For a moment he sat thinking. He previously knew that a large
number of trucks in King Charles Square would be used to carry
soldiers from London to the coast. And somewhere along the route
trucks and soldiers would be blown to pieces with explosives.
Gebhardt drew his suitcase from under the bed and opened it
on the desk. From its nest of cotton he picked up one of the
bombs. It was wide and flat quite different in form from the
usual old-fashioned type of bomb. Attached with wire to the
bottom of an automobile engine the bomb was deadly when the
motor heated.
He decided to take with him in a small package about fourteen
of the bombs. That was about all he could take care of in two
hours. He had detailed information on King Charles Square. By
midnight all the soldiers and mechanics were gone; at two oclock
a policeman looked in to check up. Gebhardt was very much pleased
with himself. Thanks to Britishs inefficiency he would have
the place to himself between twelve oclock and two oclock.
Thinking of the importance of time suddenly reminded him and
he put a new strap on his watch and then put the watch on his
wrist then he sat very still looking into space mentally checking
every detail of the plan.
Gebhardt smiled. Of course! Outside the jeweler shop he had
set his watch back sixty-four minutes for the signal to the
jeweler. He smiled again as he now moved the minute hand of
his watch exactly sixty-for minutes ahead. Never forgetting
these small details made him a good secret agent and he knew
it.
When the time came Gebhardt moved care¤¤¤¤y through the darkness
of the blacked-out streets.
In the alley behind King Charles Square he stopped and looked
at his watch. Twelve oclock exactly. Gebhardt smiled. The whole
thing was going like clockwork. He waited another ten minutes
just to be on the safe side.
Gebhardt climbed a fence moved carey along a narrow space between
two buildings and came out in King Charles Square. He stood
a moment counting the black forms of the trucks.
Gebhardt moved over to the nearest truck. He set down his package
took some wire and a wire cutter from a pocket. He slid under
the truck and felt along the bottom of the engine. Lying flat
on his back working in the dark he began to wire the bomb to
the exact place he wanted it.
Somebody stepped on his ankle.
Pain shot up Gebhardts leg and he bit his lip not breathing.
No he thought there cant be anyone here. There is never anyone
at this hour. I have checked it many times. But that weight
kept pressing into his ankle.
All right mister said a voice. Come out of there.
The wire cutter fell down from his fingers. Hands grabbed at
Gebhardts legs pulled. In a panic he kicked himself loose got
up and run wildly.
A man shouted. Someone blew a whistle. A form jumped from nowhere
and knocked him to the ground. Gebhardt drove his fist into
a face twice pulled away free ran on. He ran into a wall turned
the wrong way. A flashlight focused on him. He turned back but
too late.
There! Get him!
Gebhardt drew his revolver. As he ran he heard them shout as
they came closer to him.
There was the noise of rapid gunfire behind him and something
struck him in the back. No thought Gebhardt the plan was perfect.
There was a sharp pain. He said weakly: No. He was dead when
the soldiers reached him. He lay with his one arm stretched
out in front of him his wristwatch showing the hour
Imagine the nerve of the
guy! said a young soldier. He walked in here as though we
didnt even exist. Thats a nice watch he has on. But it broke
when he fell.
Its an hour fast said a second soldier. How did that
happen?
the little jeweler was even more surprised when he read the
newspaper report the next day about Gebhardt. I cant understand
it he thought. The man must have been careless. Nothing
went wrong on my part. Why I even set his watch correctly
before I gave it back to him.
Howard Breslin
Ağır hava bombardımanında
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ve kişiliğiniz hakkında ne söylediği hakkında bilgi edinin ve her zaman en iyi imajınızı dünyaya sunabilirsiniz.
İnce Zevk İçin Siyah
Sofistike, şık ve klasik. Her kadın küçük siyah elbisesine sahip olmalıdır. Zarif kalırken otoriter ve güçlüdür. Ancak, tamamen siyah bir gardırobun tuzağına düşmemeye dikkat edin. Bazı büyük beden kadınlar zayıflama etkisi için koyu renklere odaklanıyor.
Siyahın size doğal olarak daha ince bir siluet verdiği ve oldukça gurur verici olabileceği doğru. Ama kendinizi sınırlamayın. Siyahı kişiliğinizin bir yönünü ifade etmek için kullanın, paylaşmak istediğiniz tüm rengi gizlemek için değil.
Gri Denge
Nötr, ince ve dengeli. Kıyafetinize gri bir dokunuş eklemek, tüm doğru nedenlerle öne çıkmanızı sağlar. İki katı, dramatik renk – siyah ve beyaz – arasına düşer. Dolayısıyla gri, çarpıcı parçaları nötr bir tonla tamamlamak için harikadır.
Gardırobunuza çok fazla gri eklemeyin. Tamamen gri bir kıyafet soluk görünmenize neden olabilir ve sizi üzücü, donuk bir hava ile bırakır. Kendinden emin ve sofistike görünmek için griyi idareli kullanın.
Mavi Pozitiflik
Huzurlu, sakin ve pozitif. Mavi sizi bağımsız ve zeki de gösterebilir. Yatıştırıcı mavi tonları, tıpkı açık gökyüzü gibi kolay ve rahat bir hava verir. İlkbahar ve yaz aylarında parlak mavi tonlar gardırobunuzu aydınlatabilir. Uzun bir kıştan sonra ona taze bir hayat veriyorlar.
Soğuk aylarda, görünümünüzü vurgulamak için derin, toprak tonlu maviler kullanın. Derin, kobalt mavisi bağımsız ve dramatik bir his verir. Meydan okuyan değil, ama yardım edemezsin ama farkına varabilirsin.
Daha yumuşak bir etki için gardırobunuzda açık mavi, deniz mavisi ve turkuaz rengi kullanın. Daha güçlü özellikler olmadan sakin bir mavi hissi sunarlar.
Saygıya Hükmedecek Mor
Zengin, asil ve sanatsal. Morun zenginliği sadece zenginliği ifade etmez. Aynı zamanda derin bir kişiliği, tatmin edici bir iç yaşamı veya güçlü bir yaratıcı ruhu ortaya çıkarır.
Geçmiş yüzyılların krallarına yoğun mor harkens. Size saygı ve ilgi gerektiren muhteşem bir hava verir.
Red to Go Bold
Yoğunluk, hakimiyet ve tutku. Kırmızı giymeyi seviyorsanız, muhtemelen dışa dönük, dışa dönük bir insansınız.
Kırmızı elbise sizi ilgi odağı yapar ve oldukça seksi bir görünüm olabilir. Cesur olmak ister misin? Kırmızı renkte gidin.
Genç Enerji için Pembe
Enerjik, neşeli, eğlenceli. Daha açık kırmızılar ve pembeler, kırmızı yoğunluğun hafif tonlanmış bir versiyonunu ifade eder. Pembe genç enerjiyle doludur, ancak kırmızının şehvetli tutkusu yerine eğlenceyle doludur.
Sarı İlham Verir
Neşeli, zeki ve zeki. Sarı, pozitif bir odağınızı korumanıza yardımcı olabilecek ilham verici bir renktir. Günü sarı giyen bir arkadaşınızla geçirin ve her şeyin biraz daha parlak hissetmesini sağlayın.
Orange Goes Social
Yaratıcı, sosyal ve hırslı. Portakal giymek sizi partinin hayatı yapar.
Orange, başkalarını sohbet etmek ve diğer sosyal etkileşimler için çeker. Bu eğlenceli, dışa dönük renk dışa dönük kadınlar için harika. Cesur turuncu bir kıyafetle her zaman davetkar ve benzersiz bir sosyal açıklama yapacaksınız.
Green for Life
Doğal, iyileştirici ve sakin. Yeşil, doğada sizi saran renktir. Amerikalılar için aynı zamanda başarının ve paranın da sembolü.
Karizmatik ve çekici görünmek için yeşil giyin. İnsanlar doğal, toprak tarzınıza çekilecek. Daha koyu tonlar ormanı veya değerli taşları yansıtır. Daha açık yeşiller, tropikal su veya taze çiçekler gibi canlandırıcı ve hayat doludur.
Tamamlayıcı Olarak Kahverengi
Güvenilir, otantik ve sağlam. Kahverengi, ayaklarınızın altındaki toprağın rengidir. Stabilite ve güven yayıyor.
Sonbahar modası için güzel bir renk olan kahverenginin diğer toprak tonlarıyla vurgulanması kolaydır. Bej, ten rengi ve krem benzer bir hava verir ve birbirini tamamlayan renklerle eşleşmesi kolaydır.
White Says Confidence
Temiz, taze ve yeni. Beyaz giyinmek güven ister. Dünyaya şöyle der: “Her şeye yeni bir bakış atıyorum. Ben her şeye hazırım. ”
Başkaları beyaz giydiğinizde sizi olumlu ve cesur olarak görecek. Bunun sıkıcı veya sade olduğunu düşünmeyin. Beyaz basit ancak güçlüdür.
Size En Uygun Renk Hangisi?
Elbette kendinizi tek bir renkle tanımlamamalısınız. Ama muhtemelen giymeyi sevdiğin bir bluz ya da elbisen var. Sadece doğru geliyor. Çünkü size en çok uyan renk.
Etrafınızdaki insanların giymeyi tercih ettiği renklere dikkat edin. Onlar hakkında seçtikleri giysilere göre bilgi edinin. Her etkileşimden çok daha fazla keyif alacaksınız.
Büyük beden kıyafetlerimizden bazılarını denemek istiyorsanız, <a class = "external" href = "http: // sunuyoruz. Altmış ve Ben kardeşlerimiz için Etsy Mağazası .
Hangi renkleri giymeyi seviyorsunuz? Neden? Denemekten heyecan duyduğunuz yeni renk nedir? Lütfen sohbete katılın ve renk tutkunuzu paylaşın!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>یک روانشناس گفت: در حال حاضر با توجه به مسائل اقتصادی، مشکلات مالی و عدم توانایی پذیرش مسئولیت خانوادگی ازدواج سفید به سرعت در کشور و کلانشهرها در حال افزایش است و دختر و پسر باهم به توافق می رسند که بدون تعهد در کنار هم زندگی کنند.
به گزارش سایت معلولین هدفو به نقل از ایسنا : دکترنصرت الله میرمعینی در گفتوگو با ایسنا، با بیان اینکه بهترین سن برای ازدواج دختران ۲۲ تا ۲۶ سال و برای پسران ۲۹ تا ۳۲ سال است، اظهار کرد: پایین آمدن سن بلوغ جنسی در کنار افزایش میانگین سن ازدواج جوانان بیانگر افزایش فاصله بلوغ جنسی و ازدواج بوده و از نظر روانشناسی تجرد طولانی مدت ریشه بسیاری از آسیب های فردی و اجتماعی است.
وی با بیان اینکه نیاز جنسی در صورت ازدواج از طریق درست ارضاء می شود و در خدمت فرد و جامعه انسانی قرار می گیرد در غیر این صورت به افزایش بی بندوباری و عصبیت اجتماعی می انجامد، افزود: این سوال که چرا ازدواج جوانان به تأخیر می افتد؟ را می توان از دو منظر مورد بررسی و کنکاش قرار داد؛ منظر اول مسئله تمایل و منظر دیگر مسئله امکان است به طوریکه جوانانی که در سن ازدواج تمایلی به ازدواج ندارند و جوانانی که اگرچه متمایل به ازدواج هستند اما امکان ازدواج را ندارند.
این روانشناس با بیان اینکه درصد کسانی که تمایل به ازدواج ندارند، بسیار کم است، مطرح کرد: وقتی سن ازدواج در دختر و پسر بالا می رود با موضوع وسواس در انتخاب برای ازدواج مواجه می شویم به طوریکه افراد به دنبال انتخابی بی عیب و کاملاً ایده آل هستند بنابراین دچار اضطراب شده و یا برخی از آنها به مرحله ای می رسند که از ازدواج منصرف می شوند.
وی اضطراب، تنهایی، اعتماد به نفس پایین، کاهش امید به زندگی، افسردگی ناشی از تنها ماندن، افت انگیزه، احساس پوچی، رکود، رخوت، احساس ناتوانی، مرگ زودرس، فاصله گرفتن از خانواده و جامعه و عدم فرزندآوری را از آسیب های ناشی از تأخیر و بالا رفتن سن ازدواج در جوانان برشمرد.
این مشاور خانواده با بیان اینکه با افزایش سن ازدواج و کاهش زاد و ولد جامعه تعادل جمعیتی را به لحاظ سنی از دست داده و پیر می شود، ادامه داد: برقراری رابطه های کوتاه مدت با عنوان دوستی با جنس مخالف هم از تبعات دیگر این مسئله است و از آنجایی که تضمینی برای این رابطه ها وجود ندارد خود تبعاتی به همراه دارند و جوان دچار چندگانگی در روابط خود می شود.
وی با بیان اینکه سلامتی یک جامعه در گرو خانواده سالم است، اعلام کرد: در حال حاضر با توجه به مسائل اقتصادی، مشکلات مالی و عدم توانایی پذیرش مسئولیت خانوادگی ازدواج سفید به سرعت در کشور و کلانشهرها در حال افزایش است و دختر و پسر با هم به توافق می رسند که بدون تعهد در کنار هم زندگی کنند.
میرمعینی با بیان اینکه دختر و پسر در ازدواج سفید و بدون تعهد به راحتی یکدیگر را ترک می کنند که باعث آسیب عاطفی به یکی از طرفین یا هردو طرف می شود، خاطرنشان کرد: شکست های پی درپی در مسائل عاطفی برای جوان مسئله ساز شده و فرآیند زندگی، کنترل احساسات و اعتماد کردن به دیگران را دچار مشکل می کند.
منبع ایسنا<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Nulla si può dimenticare dell’Olocausto ma un pensiero particolare vorrei dedicarlo alle donne di Ravensbrückdi cui poco si è parlato, l’unico campo di sterminio, 90 km a nord di Berlino, progettato personalmente da Hitler con l’obiettivo di sterminare esclusivamente donne. Uno dei campi in cui vennero compiute le peggiori atrocità tra il 1939 e il 1945 sulle oltre 120.000 donne imprigionate, provenienti dalle nazioni più disparate. Infatti delle 50.000 che vi morirono solo il 10% erano ebree, a testimonianza dell’atipicità del Lager.
A Ravensbrück infatti si mise in atto una guerra di parte esclusivamente contro le donne “non conformi”, come riportano i documenti ritrovati; per “non conformi” si intendeva: prigioniere politiche, lesbiche, disabili, prostitute, rom. Le violenze messe in atto furono inaudite e disumane, si tratta soprattutto di stupri, sterilizzazioni, aborti forzati e sperimentazioni genetiche. A Ravensbrück i crimini commessi non furono solo contro l’umanità, ma atrocità verso le donne, sebbene questo campo degli orrori rimase nell’anonimato per molto tempo.
Nell’autunno del 1944, dopo che Himmler ordinò la sospensione delle camere a gas, Ravensbrück ricevette un ordine diverso; venne costruita una camera a gas provvisoria, vicino al forno crematorio e 6 mila donne vennero asfissiate. Fu l’ultimo sterminio di massa del regime nazista
A riportare alla luce tali brutalità fu la giornalista Sarah Helm, autrice del libro, dal titolo evocativo dell’opera di Primo Levi, “Ravensbrück: If this is a woman” “Se questa è una donna”, appunto. La scrittrice sulla base di testimonianze delle pochissime sopravvissute ha dedotto che la poca conoscenza del Lager è derivata sia dalla riluttanza delle stesse a voler rievocare o narrare le atrocità subite (pudore, vergogna e anche sensi di colpa “giustificabili a livello inconscio laddove la mente non riesce a darsi risposte plausibili”) e sia perché gli storici furono quasi tutti uomini e poco si interessarono di cosa fosse accaduto in un campo prettamente femminile.
Orrore che va ad aggiungersi ad altro orrore
Oggi, 2020 ancora un appuntamento che non avremmo mai desiderato avere, per non dimenticare, non perché basti una commemorazione a cancellare le tracce delle infamie perpetrate dalla malvagità dell’uomo, ma nella speranza che gli errori del passato siano un monito e un insegnamento alle generazioni future.
Il 27 gennaio – data prescelta dalla risoluzione dell’Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite perché in quel giorno del 1945 fu liberato il campo di concentramento di Auschwitz – si celebra la giornata mondiale in memoria delle vittime dell’Olocausto, una delle carneficine più brutali del XX secolo, perpetrata ai danni del popolo ebraico dalla Germania di Hitler e dai suoi alleati, che contò circa 15 milioni di vittime.
La persecuzione fu poi estesa ad altri gruppi etnici e religiosi considerati “indesiderabili” e a categorie di persone invise alla politica di elevazione del Terzo Reich della razza ariana, quali Rom, omosessuali, lesbiche, Testimoni di Geova, sacerdoti cattolici, dissidenti politici, disabili, malati di mente, per cui ad oggi si stima che le morti possano essere non ancora esattamente quantificabili e di sicuro superiore ai 17 milioni di cui 5/6 milioni solo ebrei il cui genocidio viene indicato correttamente con il termine Shoah.
Il solo ricordo di questo sterminio insensato di massa, orchestrato da una mente folle, genera ancora orrore per le modalità e di contro, la perfetta macchina organizzativa con la quale è stato messo in atto ha reso discutibile l’estraneità di un intero popolo tedesco, avallandone le antiche radici antisemitiche.
Chiaro che vi siano tesi contrastanti a riguardo; lo stesso Primo Levi, scrittore italiano ebreo, deportato nel campo di Auschwitz, sostiene che seppur vero che la popolazione aveva sentore che qualcosa di grave stesse accadendo, ignorasse l’esistenza dello sterminio nudo e crudo, o forse preferì non sapere e non vedere per tutelare la propria incolumità. D’altronde è ciò che naturalmente accade a livello inconscio, al cospetto di episodi criminosi – che siano di massa o a persona – sotto l’impulso dell’istinto di conservazione che spinge alla tutela dell’individuo e non della collettività.
Ne abbiamo un esempio più recente anche in ciò che accadde in Argentina dal 1976 al ‘79 durante il “Golpe militar” in cui scomparvero 30.000 persone di cui non si seppe più nulla: i Desaparecidos. Per attuare il “Processo di riorganizzazione nazionale” le forze armate del regime si macchiarono di torture atroci e delitti. La gente veniva prelevata dalle proprie abitazioni, dai posti di lavoro, per strada e poi non se ne avevano più notizie. Ognuno ne era testimone, ognuno vedeva arrestare amici, parenti, vicini di casa, ma stentava a comprendere i fatti rifiutando una verità atroce. Si chiama forse sopravvivenza oppure è il limite imposto dalla mente umana per evitare lo stupro dell’anima.
L’esperienza umana millenaria insegna che il male genera solo altro male ed è nostro dovere morale ricordare, affinché conoscendone le sembianze si possa evitare. Un insegnamento alle generazioni future perché abbiano chiara la differenza tra il bene e il male per definire chiare linee di demarcazione che diano direttive all’azione dell’uomo. Il giusto e l’ingiusto sono concetti che regolamentano l’esistenza umana; due processi attraverso i quali l’uomo deve passare per metabolizzare e fare le sue scelte.
Il male è un istinto primordiale che spinge a desideri di odio, vendetta e sentimenti negativi verso il prossimo che alla fine si ritorcono soprattutto su chi li attua. Il bene invece è la capacità di riuscire a governare questo istinto malevolo innalzando l’uomo a un livello superiore che giova alla sua spiritualità. Due principi che non dovrebbero generare confusione affinché il cammino umano sia chiaramente definito per evitare conflitti interiori nelle azioni delle future generazioni.
Avremmo preferito non avere un 27 gennaio da commemorare, ma che almeno si trasformi in momenti meditativi di conoscenza e di crescita umana, per non dimenticare, per insegnare. Per scegliere di stare dalla parte del bene.
“È giunta l’ora di andare. Ciascuno di noi va per la propria strada: io a morire voi a vivere. Che cosa sia meglio Iddio solo lo sa.”
Platone. Apologia di Socrate.
Maria Teresa Infante<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>24直播讯，
据《进球网》报道，欧足联日前已对英超豪门曼城是否违反FFP的相关规定展开调查，此案的裁决将推迟至2020年。
目前曼城被移交给欧足联的金融监管机构——俱乐部
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5 açıldığında, adımları ve mesafeyi otomatik olarak sayar. Bundan sonra, tüm bu veriler cep telefonundaki uygulamada görüntülenecektir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La domanda di partecipazione alla selezione, nonché i titoli posseduti, i documenti e le pubblicazioni ritenute utili per la selezione, devono essere presentati, a pena di esclusione, per via telematica, utilizzando l’applicazione informatica dedicata alla pagina. Per questa selezione è apprezzato l'invio di due lettere di referenze da parte di supervisori/relatori, unicamente attraverso l’applicazione informatica PICA. / Under penality of exclusion applications for participation in the competition, along with the relevant qualifications held and the relevant scientific publications, shall be submitted online through the following online application procedure. Two reference letters are recommended. They can only be submitted through the PICA portal by the referees/supervisors indicated by the candidate in the application.
Prima di compilare la domanda è consigliato leggere attentamente l’avviso di selezione / Before starting the procedure, read carefully the announcement.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>28 marzo
Un amico dell'Africa
Oggi nessun Santo, nè Beato, né uomo di Chiesa ci accompagna nella preghiera, ma un amico, Vittorio, che nel 2007 inizia a vivere esperienze umanitarie in Congo, nella capitale Kinshasa ed anche in un paese che ben conosciamo, Bukavu, dove incontra Maurice, un ragazzo di 20 anni, orfano; sentito il racconto della sua vita (simile a tanti ragazzi africani)- che in una email Vittorio definisce "tragica e allucinante" decide di adottarlo. In vista di questo mese di marzo, lo avevo invitato a ricercare qualche preghiera per l'Africa e se lo desiderava a scriverne una anch'esso...
Dopo del tempo, risponde così:
"Ho provato, non so con quale risultato, a scrivere ( interrogando il mio cuore però!) una preghiera a Maria, Madre Santissima, per la mia amata Africa!"
Preghiera di Vittorio
Ave Maria, piena di Grazia
Salve Regina, Vergine Madre
Intercedi per noi.
Intercedi per i nostri fratelli africani,
Intercedi per i nostri figli africani
Santa Maria, Madre di Dio figlio
Prega per i poveri
e gli emarginati africani
Illumina i governanti che
abbiano a cuore
la vita e il bene del loro popolo
Proteggi i religiosi in terra di
missione africana
Poni le tue sante mani sul capo
dei signori della guerra affinché
finiscano le guerre fratricide
Ave Maria Santissima, Vergine Immacolata
Sposa di Dio Spirito Santo
Intercedi per noi!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Kanonistik im Zeitalter von Absolutismus und Aufklärung: Spielräume und Potentiale einer Disziplin im Spannungsfeld von Kirche, Staat und Publizität (Canon Law in the Age of Absolutism and Enlightenment: Scope and Potential of a Discipline between Church, State and Publicity)
Christoph H.F. Meyer
Max Planck Society for the Advancement of the Sciences - Max Planck Institute for European Legal History
December 21, 2012
Max Planck Institute for European Legal History Research Paper Series No. 2012-06
This article is devoted to the impact public opinion had on the development of canon law in the 18th century when the Catholic Church was judged increasingly critically and started to shift away from the centre of publicity. In view of the growing influcence public opinion exerted on the Church the question arises whether or not the science of canon law was still able to fulfill its traditional function of defining the universal Church juridically and to expound its law. As regards the second half of the 18th century, historiography traditionally presents a picture of canon law that is characterized by institutional crisis, academic decline and growing dissent (e.g. Juridisctionalism and Febronianism). This article aims at a critical ascertaining the extent of this view.
After a general introduction as well as an overview of the history of canon law and its science in the 18th century the article first deals with the controversy regarding the Bull ‘In Coena Domini’ (1768-1770) which highlights the contemporary debate about Church and state. After a brief outline of the conflict some copper engravings from writings on ‚In Coena Domini‘ and canon law are analyzed with regard to their underlying concepts. Looking at the symbol of light the divergent philosophical and theological views about public opinion become apparent. Finally three examples are taken which show both the different forms of state influence on the development of canon law and the reactions of curialist authors. The respective examples are: the transformation of the science of canon law into a science of Austrian Church law in the age of Maria Theresia (1740-1780), the debate on the promulgatio in acie Campi Florae and the academic study of the so-called public ecclesiastical law (ius publicum ecclesiasticum). As a result of this inquiry a particular sustainability of canon law jurisprudence at the threshold of the modern era becomes apparent.
Note: Downloadable document is in German.
Number of Pages in PDF File: 92
Keywords: canon law, history of canon law, legal history, Catholic Church, Church and State
Date posted: December 22, 2012 ; Last revised: August 5, 2013
© 2015 Social Science Electronic Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
This page was processed by apollo1 in 0.329 seconds<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Title: The Not-So-Great Depression
Author: Amy Goldman Koss
Publisher: Roaring Brook Press
Concepts: recession, unemployment, wants and needs, scarcity, budget constraints
Review: Up until the day when their mother lost her high-powered job, Jacki and her siblings had enjoyed a pampered lifestyle: private schools; a fancy car; a large house with a pool in a posh neighborhood; restaurant and takeout meals; a housekeeper, gardener, and driver; and an abundance of clothing, gadgets, and toys. All these perks slowly started to unravel as it became increasingly clear that Mom’s various job interviews were not translating into a job offer, the value of their financial investments would continue to tank, and opportunities for loans were drying up faster than the weather.
As an eternal optimist, Jacki typically saw the brighter side of her family’s regular progression to economize. She had always hated those piano lessons, switching to public school meant that maybe she could go to school with cute Adam B., and new household rules for home-cooked meals seemed to be revealing cooking skills she never knew she had. But even her positive attitude could not diminish the tensions in her household or the hardships that people she knew were experiencing as a result of the great recession.
Chock-full of economic principles, The Not-So-Great Depression helps middle-grade readers better understand the causes of the recent financial crisis and some of the outcomes for families experiencing job loss. Because the story is cloaked in humor, innocence, and teen-age angst, it will draw and entertain readers who would otherwise avoid a novel about economic recession like the plague.
Review by: Rutgers University Project on Economics and Children<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش تابناک تبریز، روز پنجشنبه، ۲۵ اسفند ماه، در جلسه شورای هماهنگی امور راه و شهرسازی آذربایجان شرقی افزود: با اینکه آذربایجان شرقی در کاهش تصادفات فوتی در کشور جایگاه برتر را کسب کرده است، اما انتقال مسافر از جاده به ریل نقش اساسی در کاهش تلفات جادهای خواهد داشت.
وی با اشاره اینکه آذربایجان شرقی ۱۰ و چهار دهم آزادراه های کشور را دارد افزود: راه اندازی پلیس آزادراهها در استان گامی مهم به منظور کاهش تصادفات آزادراهی است.
امیر بخشی زاده، رئیس شورای هماهنگی امور راه و شهرسازی استان نیز در این جلسه اضافه کرد: به منظور تسهیل سفر مسافران نوروزی، از ۲۴ اسفند امسال تا ۱۵ فروردین ۱۴۰۲، پروژههای شرکتهای راه سازی تعطیل شده و ماشین آلات آنها برای خدمات رسانی در راهدارخانهها مستقر شده است.
وی با اشاره به افزایش ظرفیت ناوگان حمل و نقل عمومی استان برای پوشش سفرهای نوروزی افزود: در حوزه اتوبوسی، هوایی و ریلی ظرفیت ناوگان افزایش یافته و با تمهیدات صورت گرفته، در صدد کاهش تلفات جادهای هستیم.
به گزارش ایسنا، به نقل از روابط عمومی اداره کل امور راه و شهرسازی آذربایجان شرقی، بخشی زاده از مردم ومسافران خواست، با رعایت مقررات راهنمایی و رانندگی، وزارت راه و شهرسازی و پلیس را در کاهش تصادفات و افزایش ایمنی تردد یاری کنند.
انتهای پیام/<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Where the term shark fin soup originated from
The School shark (Galeorhinus galeus) is a shark belonging to the family Triakidae, and the only member of the genus Galeorhinus. Common names also include the Tope shark and Soupfin shark. However, the name “Soupfin” is not encouraged. It is found worldwide in temperate seas at depths down to about 2,625 feet. It is ovoviviparous. The School shark is caught in fisheries for its flesh, its fins, and its liver, which has a very high vitamin A content, and therefore classified as vulnerable.
Family: Triakidae – Houndsharks
Common Name– Ground Sharks
Common Name– Houndsharks
Average Size and Length: The size of the School shark varies by location or region. They are born between 30-40 cm/11.8 inches-1.3 feet. Mature males have been measured between 120-170 cm/3.9-5.6 feet. Mature females have been measured between 130-185 cm/4.3-6.1 feet. The maximum recorded for a male has been 175 cm/5.7 feet and 195 cm/6.4 feet for a female.
Teeth and Jaw: The large mouth is long, arched or crescent-shaped, and the teeth are of a similar size and shape in both jaws. They are triangular-shaped, small, and flat, set at an oblique angle facing backwards, serrated and with a notch, or blade-like. The labial furrows are somewhat long.
Head: It has a long nose; the snout is elongated. It does not have obvious anterior nasal flaps or sub-ocular ridges. The eyes are large oval and elongated with nictitating membranes. The spiracles are small.
Tail: It has an extremely long terminal caudal lobe with a notch, which is half the dorsal caudal margin.
Demographic, Distribution, Habitat, Environment and Range: The School shark can be found in world-wide temperate waters. It is most plentiful in cold to warm temperate continental seas from the surf-line to extremely shallow water, to waters that are well offshore, but not oceanic, near the bottom between 7-1,545 feet (some reports down to 2,625 feet). It can be found in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, where it is uncommon and the Southwest Atlantic where it can be found between Patagonia and southern Brazil. It also can be found around the coast of Namibia and South Africa. It is present in the Northeast Pacific where it can be found between British Columbia and Baja California, and in the Southeast Pacific off Chile and Peru. It has also been seen around the southern coasts of Australia, including Tasmania, and New Zealand (subtropical, 68°N – 55°S). They are considered benthopelagic and oceanodromus.
The School shark is a migratory species. Animals tagged in the United Kingdom have been recovered in the Azores, the Canary Islands, and Iceland. Tagged individuals in Australia have travelled distances of 746 miles along the coast and others have turned up in New Zealand. It has been recorded distances up to 994 miles during some of these seasonal migrations. Pregnant females are known to move into shallow bays and estuaries to give birth, then return to offshore feeding grounds. Juvenile sharks will remain in nursery grounds for up to two years, and then join schools of the immature sharks on other locations.
Diet: They are mainly opportunistic predators feeding on bony fish and invertebrates in midwater as well as benthic, down near the seabed. Examination of stomach contents of fish caught off California showed that they consumed whatever fish were plentiful at the time. Their diet was predominantly sardines, midshipmen, flatfish, rockfish, and squid.
Aesthetic Identification: The School shark is streamlined, slender and shallow-bodied. The last two of the five gill slits are over the pectoral fins. The dorsal side is dark bluish or greyish, and the ventral side is counter-shaded white. Young sharks have black markings on the fins. The first dorsal fin is triangular with a straight leading edge and is set just behind the pectoral fins. The second dorsal fin is much smaller than the first dorsal fin and is about as large as the anal fin, and it is set directly above it.
Biology and Reproduction: They are ovoviviparous without a yolk-sac placenta. They can have anywhere from 6-52 (average 28-38) pups per litter with a gestation period of about a year. The larger the mother, the larger the litter size. Pups in the same litter may have different sires, possibly because females are able to store sperm for a long time after mating. They have very low biological productivity. The maximum age is though to be around 60 years. Female maturity is greater than 10 years.
Vert. (precaudal) 79; (total) 127.
Behavioral Traits, Sensing and Intelligence: They can occur in small schools. They are partly segregated by sex and size, especially in higher latitudes where they are seasonally migratory. Females give birth in shallow nursery areas, where young sharks remain there for about 2 years.
Speed: The School shark is an extremely active, strong swimmer that swims long distances. They are capable of swimming up to 35 miles per day.
School Shark Future and Conservation: They are currently vulnerable. In 2010, Greenpeace International added the School shark to its seafood red list. The School shark is fished all over the world for its meat, liver oil and of course fins. It is also fished by anglers for sport. Unmanaged fisheries have depleted its population in many regions. The School shark and the Gummy shark are the most important species in the southern Australian commercial fishery. Pups are sometimes caught inshore and some nursery areas are subject to siltation and their habitat may become degraded. Deep-sea cables and the magnetic field caused by the current flow may disrupt migration routes.
The meat of the school shark is consumed in Andalusian cuisine, where it is usually known as cazón. Among recipes are the traditional cazón en adobo in the mainland, and tollos in the Canary Islands. In Mexican cuisine, the term cazón refers to other species, and is prepared similarly. In the United Kingdom, the flesh is sometimes used in “fish and chips” as a substitute for the more usual cod or haddock. In Greek cuisine, it is known as galéos (γαλέος) and usually is served with skordaliá (σκορδαλιά), a dip made of mashed potatoes or wet white bread, with mashed garlic and olive oil (NOAA: Northeast Fisheries Science Center).
Before 1937, the School shark was caught in California to supply a local market for shark fillet, and the fins were dried and sold in the Far East. Around that date, laboratory tests on its liver showed that it was higher in vitamin A content than any other fish tested. Subsequent to this discovery, it became the subject of a much larger-scale fishery which developed as a result of the high prices obtainable for the fish and its liver. It became the main source of supply for vitamin A in the United States during World War II, but was overexploited, populations were reduced, and the numbers of fish caught dwindled. Its oil was replaced by a similar product from the Spotted Spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) and subsequently by lower-potency fish oils from Mexico and South America (“Fish Bulletin No. 64. The Biology of the Soupfin Galeorhinus zyopterus and Biochemical Studies of the Liver“. Repositories.cdlib.org).
School Shark Recorded Attacks on Humans: Not a threat to humans.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>关于“阿兹夫定片在新冠后第几天吃”这个问题，Html5研究小组几经周折终于在互联网上找到你要答案：阿兹夫定片是生活中比较特别的一种药物，它的药物成分比较多，对新冠疾病有一定的治疗效果。阿兹夫定片一般是感染新冠病毒之后吃的，通常是越早吃越好。想要更详细地了解还请看下方介绍。
阿兹夫定片是生活中比较特别的一种药物，它的药物成分比较多，对新冠疾病有一定的治疗效果。阿兹夫定片一般是感染新冠病毒之后吃的，通常是越早吃越好。
阿兹夫定片在新冠后第几天吃
感染了新冠病毒之后尽快吃。
新冠阿兹夫定片主要是抑制病毒RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶（RdRp）的核苷类似物，能特异性地作用于新冠病毒RdRp，用于抑制新冠病毒的复制。
所以一般需要在感染了新冠病毒之后吃，但是建议最好选择在感染初期，越早效果就越显著，不仅能够有效地治疗轻型和普通型患者，而且还能减向重型发展的趋势，从而降低病死率。
阿兹夫定片适合什么人吃
目前阿兹夫定片适用于感染新冠的成人患者，但60岁及以上老年人研究有限，其安全性和是否需要剂量调整缺少数据支持。专家建议，在感染新冠后早期、核酸阳性的患者中使用。
值得注意的是，阿兹夫定片并非适合所有成人新冠病毒感染者。例如中度肾功能不全患者服用阿兹夫定片应减少至每次3mg，每日1
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معلم بود؟ ترودو در فاصله 1999 تا 2002 به عنوان معلم در مدارس دولتی ونکوور، از جمله دبیرستان وینستون چرچیل و یک مدرسه خصوصی به نام آکادمی وست پوینت گری کار کرده و ریاضیات، فرانسه، علوم انسانی و تئاتر تدریس می کرد.
پس از انتخاب شدن او به مقام نخست وزیری، دانش آموزان سابق از او به عنوان معلمی پر انرژی و مشتاق که می دانست چگونه با دانش آموزان ارتباط برقرار کند، یاد کردند.
آیا جاستین ترودو مدرک تحصیلی دارد؟ ترودو پس از اخذ لیسانس هنر از دانشگاه مک گیل در سال 1994، در سال 1998 از دانشگاه بریتیش کلمبیا لیسانس آموز و پرورش را دریافت کرد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>战场中的玩家大致可以分为两大类，一是追求刚枪四处泼洒激情的，二是讲究“战术致胜”的LYB们。两类玩家由于在玩法上想法不同，大大小小的摩擦可从未停止过。不过在战场装备的选择上，却有一个异常相同的追求！那就是：吉利服。
吉利服是当之无愧的吃鸡神器，可它的获取方式非常苛刻，只能用可遇不求来形容。首先只能从空投中获取已经“劝退”了一部分胆小的玩家。再加上空投物资随机刷新的设定，即便偶尔头铁一次踏上追梦之旅，你也不一定能遇见吉利服。哎，这可能就是命吧。穿着吉利服在战场中穿梭什么的，这……就是强者的世界？！
在很长的一段时间里，我一直认为“吉利服”这个名字的由来，是因为每次获得第一时的那一句“大吉大利，晚上吃鸡”。有时缘分就是这么妙不可言，忽感心血来潮的我在眉头一皱间发觉此事并不简单，在刺激战场摸爬滚打数百小时的战斗本（bai）能（du）告诉我：它！必有蹊跷。
“吉利服”这个名字其实是来源于一个叫吉利(ghillie)的苏格兰人，这个词的准确读音是“gah-hee-lee”，类似于“Ghilly”。它一般运用在猎人身上，能很好地伪装自己避免被其他动物发现。关于吉利服在战争中的运用，那就是后话了。
（现实中吉利服的伪装效果，图中站着一名狙击手）
吉利服最在运用在实战上，是在第一次世界大战时期。苏格兰贵族拉沃特在一战期间组建了一个名为“拉沃特侦察兵”的战斗队伍，他们凭借着吉利服与德军狙击手战斗，吉利服使他们能有效地接近、观察和远距离射击。而吉利服的概念则是在第二次世界大战中“发扬光大”的，当时甚至出现了专门科普的手册用于为士兵讲解如何制作吉利服。
虽然没有防弹衣的减伤效果，穿上它的外型也不算好看，但吉利服就剩在伪装性强啊！还有什么比趴在草地上敌人看不见你更舒服的事情？说到这就不得不提一个非常哲学的问题：如何才能拿到第一吃鸡？答案很简单，你只要干掉第二名，那自己不就是第一了~吉利服将这个道理展现地淋漓尽致，决赛圈？我趴着等剩下最后两人时，开枪干掉最后一名对手就好啦！
吉利服的优点是不容易被敌人发现，缺点是很容易被敌人发现。对，你没看错，它的优缺点是矛盾的！当你在光秃秃的山腰上、沙滩边甚至是马路边，望着不断撒丫子狂奔的一堆“草垛”时……我想，我的意思已经很明显了吧？<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The teacher begins with a sentence, for example 'If I go out tonight, I’ll go to the cinema.' The next person in the circle must use the end of the previous sentence to begin their own sentence, for example 'If I go to the cinema, I’ll watch Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.' The next person could say, 'If I watch Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, I’ll eat lots of chocolate.' Then, 'If I eat lots of chocolate, I’ll put on weight.' etc.
First published 2009<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Robert Calef (kā´ləf), 1648–1719, known primarily as author of More Wonders of the Invisible World (1700). A Boston cloth merchant, probably born in England, he bitterly attacked Cotton Mather for his part in the Salem, Mass., witchcraft trials. The book, published in London because Boston printers would not accept it, generally condemned the view of witchcraft then prevailing and had a salutary effect throughout New England. It is reprinted in S. G. Drake, comp., The Witchcraft Delusion in New England (3 vol., 1866, repr. 1970).
"Calef, Robert." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Encyclopedia.com. (December 14, 2017). http://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/calef-robert
"Calef, Robert." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Retrieved December 14, 2017 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/calef-robert
Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).
Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.
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- In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Today we will read about how God created the heaven and the earth. Let's read from the bible. Remember we learned from the last teaching called Who Is God, that the bible is a book from God to us and it tells us about God and how we can live for Him.
We will start in Genesis, which is the beginning of the bible.
1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.
2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.
3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.
4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.
5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.
6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.
7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so.
8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
What we learned is that God made the world by speaking, that means talking. He didn't create it with hands like we would have to do, but with His words. You and I can't do that can we?
We also learned that God called the light Day and the darkness Night. You can see the day and night can't you?
He called the firmament Heaven. He did all that in two days.
Think about how big the earth and sky are and that God made them just by speaking the words, in two days!
Let's answer some questions.
1. Who created the heaven and earth?
2. How did God create the heaven and earth?
3. What did God call the light?
4. What did God call the darkness?
5. What did God call the firmament?
6. How many days did it take God to create the heaven and earth?
7. Did God say the light was good or bad?
8. When did God create the heaven and earth?
Next time we will learn what else God created.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Genomes and Genes
gram negative anaerobic bacteria
Summary: A large group of anaerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the Gram-staining method.
Publications169 found, 100 shown here
- Deferribacter desulfuricans sp. nov., a novel sulfur-, nitrate- and arsenate-reducing thermophile isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal ventKen Takai
Subground Animalcule Retrieval SUGAR Project, Frontier Research System for Extremophiles, Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, 2 15 Natsushima cho, Yokosuka 237 0061, Japan
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:839-46. 2003..thermophilus BMA(T) on the basis of its physiological and genetic properties. The name Deferribacter desulfuricans sp. nov. (type strain SSM1(T) = JCM 11476(T) = DSM 14783(T)) is proposed...
- [Antimicrobial effect of 4-(adamantyl-1)-1-(1-aminobutyl)benzol]N O Vrynchanu
Mikrobiol Z 69:42-8. 2007..newvcastle, Enterobacter aerogenes etc.) had maximal sensitivity (MIC 0.6-5.0 and 0.1-5.0 mg/ml, respectively). Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant to this substance (MIC >1 mg/ml)...
- [Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents--special references to bacteria isolated between April 2003 and March 2004]Nagao Shinagawa
Department of Surgery, Nagoya Midori Municipal Hospital
Jpn J Antibiot 58:123-58. 2005..coli producing extended spectrum beta-lactamase, but there was no highly cefazolin-resistant E. coli in this year. In the next series, increase of both anaerobic bacteria and Enterococcus spp. should be carefully followed up...
- Prevalence of putative periodontopathogens in subgingival dental plaques from gingivitis lesions in Korean orthodontic patientsSeung Mi Lee
Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk dong, Dong Gu, Gwangju 501 759, Republic of Korea
J Microbiol 43:260-5. 2005..Our results indicate that the local changes associated with the wearing of fixed orthodontic appliances may affect the prevalence of periodontopathogens in subgingival dental plaques...
- Antianaerobe activity of RBX 7644 (ranbezolid), a new oxazolidinone, compared with those of eight other agentsLois M Ednie
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1143-7. 2003..125 and 1; clindamycin, 0.25 and 8; metronidazole, 1 and 4; gatifloxacin, 0.5 and 4; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 2, respectively. Ranbezolid had very good in vitro activity against both gram-negative and -positive anaerobes...
- Desulfonatronum cooperativum sp. nov., a novel hydrogenotrophic, alkaliphilic, sulfate-reducing bacterium, from a syntrophic culture growing on acetateTatjana N Zhilina
S N Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55:1001-6. 2005..nov...
- Etiology of ventilator-associated pneumoniaJordi Rello
Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, University Rovira and Virgili, Carrer Dr Mallafre Guasch 4, Tarragona 43007, Spain
Clin Chest Med 26:87-95. 2005..The discussion herein analyzes these aspects, placing particular emphasis on risk factors, attributable mortality, resistance, and the implications for management...
- Impact of antimicrobial exposure and beta-lactamase-producing bacteria on salivary beta-lactamase activity in infancyS Nyfors
Department of Microbiology, Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute KTL, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN 00300 Helsinki, Finland
Int J Antimicrob Agents 24:463-7. 2004..08; CI 1.31-38.34). At 12 months, SbetaA was detected in 54% infants. Exposure to antimicrobials during the first year of life increased the risk (OR 2.60; CI 0.72-9.36) of having SbetaA...
- Phylogenetic characterization of a corrosive consortium isolated from a sour gas pipelineJ Jan-Roblero
Programa de Investigación Desarrollo en Biotecnología del Petróleo, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Central 152, Col San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07730 Mexico, DF, Mexico
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 64:862-7. 2004..In addition, the localized corrosion of pipeline steel in the presence of the consortium was clearly observed by ESEM after removing the adhered bacteria...
- Clinical and microbiological effects of different restorative materials on the periodontal tissues adjacent to subgingival class V restorationsMichele Paolantonio
Department of Oral Sciences, School of Dentistry, University G D Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
J Clin Periodontol 31:200-7. 2004..Therefore, this study compares the short-term clinical and microbiological features occurring in the gingiva after the completion of different subgingival restorations...
- [Anaerobic bacteria in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) after thoracic surgery]Ina Zajac-Lenczewska
Med Dosw Mikrobiol 55:173-80. 2003..Gram-positive rods were in most cases represented by Actinomyces (12 strains 12%) and were highly susceptible to all antibacterial means except metronidazol (100% is resistant)...
- Phylogenetic analysis of some Sporomusa sub-branch members isolated from human clinical specimens: description of Megasphaera micronuciformis sp. novHelene Marchandin
Laboratoire de Bacteriologie, Hopital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Avenue du Doyen Gaston Giraud, F 34295 Montpellier 5, France
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53:547-53. 2003..oral clone BU057 should be named 'Candidatus Megasphaera micronuciformis'. The type strain of Megasphaera micronuciformis is AIP 412.00T (=CIP 107280T =CCUG 45952T)...
- Microbial susceptibility to calcium hydroxide pastes and their vehiclesBrenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes
Dental School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, SP, Brazil
J Endod 28:758-61. 2002..We conclude that anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria are more susceptible to calcium hydroxide pastes than facultative Gram-positive microorganisms...
- Leptotrichia amnionii sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the amniotic fluid of a woman after intrauterine fetal demiseSanjay K Shukla
Clinical Research Center, Marshfield Medical Research and Education Foundation, Wisconsin 54449, USA
J Clin Microbiol 40:3346-9. 2002..The 1,493-bp 16S ribosomal DNA sequence had only 96% homology with L. sanguinegens. Several phylogenetic analyses indicated that L. amnionii is a distinct species and most closely related to L. sanguiegens...
- Anti-anaerobic activity of AZD2563, a new oxazolidinone, compared with eight other agentsLois M Ednie
Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
J Antimicrob Chemother 50:101-5. 2002..0; teicoplanin, 0.125/0.25; and meropenem, 0.06/1.0. AZD2563, linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin and quinupristin/dalfopristin were mainly active against Gram-positive anaerobes, with no useful activity against Gram-negative anaerobes...
- Particulate Bioglass reduces the viability of bacterial biofilms formed on its surface in an in vitro modelIain Allan
Department of Microbiology, Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
Clin Oral Implants Res 13:53-8. 2002..Thus, particulate Bioglass has the potential to reduce bacterial colonisation of its surface in vivo, a feature relevant to post-surgical periodontal wound healing...
- Multicentre survey of the in-vit
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Design
Students reviewed the vocabulary terms from Chapter 20 to make sure they have a working knowledge of these basic mapping and astronomy-related terms:
For a wonderful presentation on the use, history, and inspiration of the astrolabe, please view this TED talk.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>İstihare de görülen renkleri nasıl yorumlamak gerekir?
Soru DetayıBenim merak ettiğim soru şu: akşam istihare namazına yattım ve siyah-yeşil renk ikilisini bir arada gördüm. Bunun ne demek olduğunu düşündüm ama bulamadım. Bana yardımcı olur musunuz?
Cevap
Değerli kardeşimiz,
Selam ve dua ile...
Sorularla İslamiyet
BENZER SORULAR
- Bayanlar pantolon üzerinden dize kadar uzun bir kıyafet giyerek namaz kılabilir mi?
- Allah'ın "Mürid" ismi var mıdır, anlamı nedir?
- İstiharede çıkan sonuca uymak şart mı?
- Evlilik için istihare ve rüyanın yorumlanması konusunda ne dersiniz?..
- Renkler (yeşil, krmızı, beyaz, siyah,..) hakkında bilgi verir misiniz? Renklerin dinimize göre bir anlamı var mı?
- Cennette kadınlar tesettürlü mü olacak yoksa tesettürsüz mü?
- Kur'an okumanın, ezberlemenin, onu anlamının ve onunla amel etmenin faziletleri nelerdir? Bunları yapanın cennete gireceği ve ailesinden on kişiye şefaatçi olacağı doğru mudur?
- Rahman 64 ve 76 ayetinde neden özellikle yeşil'den bahsedilmiş?
- İSTİHARE NE DEMEKTİR?
- İSTİHARE NE DEMEKTİR?
EN AKTİF SAYFALAR
Sabah namazının vakti ne zamandır? İmsak vakti girince, ezandan önce sabah namazı kılınabilir mi? Sabah namazının kazası?..
Sabah namazının vakti ne zaman başlar ne zaman sona erer; ezan neden imsaktan bir saat sonra okunuyor?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1
法的分类标准有哪些
答：
法的分类标准包括：依据立法机关或者适用范围；依据内容；依据制定目的；依据制定时间；依据适用性；依据权力来源；依据制定方式；依据作用形式；依据制定份额等。
依据立法机关或者适用范围：指的是在制定和应用法律的机关，可以分为行政法、宪法等；把法律的适用范围划分为民法、刑法，以及经济法、国际私法等。
依据内容：指的是根据法律的具体内容将其分类，例如：最高人民法院的一些司法解释，根据其明文理解和注解，就可以将其分类为行政法、劳动法、民商法等。
依据制定目的：指的是根据法律的制定目的，将其分类，例如：道路法规就是为了控制交通秩序，制定道路交通管理相关的法律制度；发展法就是为了促进本国社会经济发展，制定政策性、财政性法律制度，以促进本国经济增长。
依据制定时间：指的是根据法律的制定时间将其分类，例如：比如我国的宪法属于历史的法，是跨越多个历史时期的法律；1992年前的法律则被称为旧法，1992年及以后的法律则被称为新法；学术上把法律分为故法和新法，故法是从过去的历史时期到现在还在实际实施的法律，新法是从过去开始到现在制定、实行或者正在起草的法律。
拓展知识：此外，法律还可以根据它们的性质分类，一般来说，法律可以分为普通法和特殊法，普通法是适用于一般人的法律，例如民法、商法，特殊法是针对某个具体的人或群体制定的法律，例如环境法、劳动法等。
2
非基本法律的制定和修改是什么
答：
非基本法律的制定和修改是指除了基本法之外的其他法律的制定和修改。这些法律包括地方行政法规、行政管理条例、行政规章等。这些法律的制定和修改需要行政机关的参与，主要由政府部门或受政府委托的机构来完成。这些非基本法的制定和修改，对于社会的发展产生了重要的影响。例如，行政管理条例的制定和修改，是保证社会秩序和维护公共利益的重要途径；行政规章的制定和修改，可以更好地利用资源，进而推动经济发展。另外，一些政府部门还可以根据实际情况，及时发布政策文件，作为社会发展的重要指导。因此，非基本法律的制定和修改，无论是从宏观上还是从微观上，都具有重要的社会意义。
3
个人所得税的征收管理方式有哪些种类
答：
1、自行申报缴纳：也称为“自行征收”，是指个人在收入发生之时，就根据所得税法及相关税法具体规定主动申报、缴纳所得税的方式。
2、专款专用缴纳：是指从收入发生的工资、薪金等项目扣缴个人所得税，按国家规定的扣缴比例和标准，自动由纳税人的单位或者财政部门代为缴纳的方式。
3、专项索取缴纳：是指税务机关根据个人在一定期限内取得的收入情况，依法按照扣缴比例和标准专项索取应缴纳的所得税。
4、申报补缴：也称补税，是指在纳税期限内，按规定申报所得，自行计算应缴的个人所得税，并补缴的方式。此种缴纳方式适用于个人收入中存在漏缴或者错缴的情况。
4
仲裁协议效力争议的解决途径
答：
仲裁协议效力争议的解决途径有以下几种：
1、法院裁决：当双方对仲裁协议效力存在争议时，一方可以向具有管辖权的法院提起诉讼，由法院进行裁决。
2、仲裁裁决：双方可以主动选择签订仲裁协议，由仲裁机构作出裁决，最终解决争议。
3、行政裁决：当仲裁协议争议涉及到行政管理范围内的事项时，可以向有关行政机关申请行政裁决，由行政机关进行裁决。
拓展知识：仲裁裁决可以具有约束力，但是不能强制执行。一旦双方对仲裁裁决不服，可以向具有管辖权的法院提起诉讼，由法院审理，但是法院不能再次审理已经受理的仲裁案件，只能根据仲裁裁决来判断效力问题。
5
最长诉讼时效期间的起算点
答：
最长诉讼时效期间的起算点一般是指受害人对具体案件发生的事实认识到的时间点，是受害人及时到法院起诉的最后期限。例如，当受害人发现一人自己的财产被盗的时候，就是他起诉的最长诉讼时效期间的起算点，从这一时刻起，受害人有2年的时间可以起诉那个犯罪者。如果超过2年而没有起诉，那么受害人将失去起诉犯罪者的权利。
6
会计核算的核心部分是票据管理吗
答：
会计核算的核心部分不仅仅是票据管理，而是要综合考虑各项核算事项，比如财产、负债、权益三大要素之间的关系，以及生产经营活动所产生影响项目，进而进行会计核算。比如，一家商业企业在采购入库时，需要发放采购入库票据，以确保采购及入库情况的准确性，其中包括：原材料的种类、购买批次、购进数量、购进单价、供应商名称、入库人等信息等，以此作为证明载体，审核核对采购进货记账，而票据作为合法依据能够快速、准确的记录企业的财务成果，及时反映财务状况，从而达到资金流动状况的了解，为企业发展做出确定性判断，保证会计核算的准确性。
7
民事诉讼的地域管辖包括哪些
答：
民事诉讼的地域管辖包括：（1）国家范围的管辖权：根据中华人民共和国《民事诉讼法》第七章的规定，有关民事纠纷的诉讼应当在纠纷发生地的人民法院管辖。（2）本地范围的管辖权：根据《民事诉讼法》第八章的规定，当事人居住地，或者纠纷发生地都在同一本地管辖范围内时，该本地管辖范围内的人民法院可以管辖有关民事纠纷的诉讼。（3）省级范围的管辖权：根据《民事诉讼法》第八章的规定，当事人居住地、纠纷发生地都在同一省级管辖范围内，但不在同一本地管辖范围内时，该省级管辖范围内的人民法院可以管辖有关民事纠纷的诉讼。
拓展知识：从民事诉讼的地域管辖权看，诉讼应当在当事人居住地、纠纷发生地所在的本地、省级管辖范围内的人民法院管辖，以确保当事人能够更好地进行民事诉讼，也是为了保护当事人的合法权益。
8
反应财务状况的会计要素是哪些?它们之间的关系是什么?
答：
主要的会计要素包括：收入、费用、资本支出、税收、负债、股东权益和其他财务流动资金。它们之间的关系是以收入为基础，费用、资本支出和税收减去后，剩下的资金用于偿还负债以及分配给股东。
此外，重要的会计要素还包括存货、资产、财务费用、非营运费用、费用调整以及投资收入。如果账户包含存货，则需要考虑库存的影响；财务费用也要考虑；非营运费用指的是不能或不想计入收入中的支出；费用调整指的是在财务报表期间发生的特殊情况；投资收入是指投资所获得的收益。
9
不属于会计核算基本前提的是
答：
会计核算的基本前提不包括企业报告的可靠性和真实性。企业报告可靠性和真实性是企业报告信息有效性的一个重要基础，可以说是企业报告信息有效性的基础。因此，企业的会计核算应遵循有关的会计准则和会计政策，以保证报告的可靠性和真实性。例如，2016年，马来西亚上市公司百胜国际集团（Berjaya International Group）采取了一系列措施来改善会计核算，以确保其财务报告的可靠性和真实性。措施包括：对财务报表进行审计，定期对财务系统进行审计，升级财务系统，确保会计报表的准确性，改进内部控制程序，并确保财务报告的及时发布。
10
个人所得征收方式
答：
个人所得税是指政府从个人收入中收取的税款。它通常由个人收入总额、职业状态或是资本收益等因素来决定，是一项基于法定税率收取的税费。
个人所得税有多种税率，包括直接收税，允许人们将收入收入报税，而不必支付一次性税款；和背景收税，这更像是在特定时期收取的一次性税款。
此外，个人所得税还可以采用免税或抵免的方式进行减免。免税指的是个人收入不用向国家纳税；而抵免则是个人收入不用完全缴纳税款，可以把税款金额减少一部分。
拓展知识：
就个人所得税而言，不同国家有不同的税收制度，如在美国，个人所得税可以通过累进税率来计算税款；而在中国，个人收入所得税可以采用固定税率法计算所得税。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>使用 AWS X-Ray，既无预付费用，也无预先承诺。您只需根据记录、检索及扫描的轨迹数量按使用量付费。一条轨迹代表对应用程序作出的一个请求，并可能包括多个数据点，如对其他服务的调用及数据库访问。轨迹的最大大小为 500KB。轨迹数据可免费保留 30 天（自记录之日起）。
永久免费套餐
- 每月记录的前 100000 条轨迹免费。
- 每月检索或扫描的前 1000000 条轨迹免费。
额外费用
定价示例
如果您的应用程序每小时收到 2000 个传入请求，并且您使用的采样率是 10%，那么您的费用计算如下：
每月扫描的轨迹数 = 100 次查询 x 每小时 200 条轨迹 x 31 天 = 620000 条轨迹
每月检索的轨迹数 = 100 次查询 x 每次查询 50 条轨迹 x 31 天 = 155000 条轨迹
每月检索/扫描的总轨迹数 = 155000 条轨迹 + 620000 条轨迹 = 775000 条轨迹
每月应计费的总检索/扫描轨迹数 = 775000 条轨迹 - 免费套餐中的 1000000 条轨迹 = 0 条轨迹
每月检索和扫描轨迹的费用 = 0 条轨迹 * 0.0000005 USD = 0 USD
另外，假设您已在任何或所有 X-Ray 组上启用了 X-Ray 见解。
已处理的 X-Ray 见解轨迹
每月记录的轨迹数 = 每小时 2000 个请求 x 24 小时 x 31 天 x 10% = 148800 条轨迹
每月处理的见解轨迹费用 = 148800 条轨迹 * 0.000001 USD = 0.15 USD
您每月使用 AWS X-Ray 的总费用为 0.24 USD + 0.15 USD = 0.39 USD。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Life of Jesus
Trial & Death
Andrew, Apostle of Jesus in the Gospels
Who was Andrew?
Andrew is mentioned quite often in the gospels, but mostly in a way that might have annoyed him: 'Peter, and his brother Andrew...'. Always 'and his brother Andrew' following after the name of the more high profile Peter. You wonder if it ever annoyed Andrew, or if he was used to being the tag-along.
The truth is that Andrew had quite a different personality to Peter. He was less impulsive, more approachable, a man who thought quite deeply.
His origins were humble. He was a fisherman who came from Bethsaida on the Lake of Galilee, but lived in nearby Capernaum. But the life of a fisherman does not seem to have satisfied him, for he was also a disciple of John the Baptist, the radical preacher in the desert, who told him about Jesus of Nazareth and called Jesus the 'Lamb of God'.
St John the Baptist points out Jesus to Andrew, Ottavio Vannini
Andrew meets Jesus
Intrigued, Andrew approached Jesus and soon became convinced Jesus was the Messiah. When Jesus later approached Andrew and asked him to join him in his ministry, Andrew readily agreed. It is surprising that the gospels do not make more of Andrew, because he was the first to whom Jesus 'stated his case'. Jesus must have been fortified by Andrew's belief in him when he underwent that life-changing event called the Temptation.
Peter meets Jesus
Andrew was perhaps the first to spread the Good News. He brought Peter, his brother, to Jesus (John 1, 35-44). The first two disciples whom John reports as attaching themselves to Jesus (Jn 1:35-42) are Andrew and another disciple - whom John does not name, but who is commonly supposed to be John himself. Andrew then finds his brother Simon and brings him to Jesus. Because of this sequence of events, Andrew has been called 'the Peter before Peter' because he is the first (that we know) to bring others to belief in Jesus.
What sort of person was he?
Why was he among the first to follow Jesus? Because he had an enquiring mind. He was actively looking for the truth. We would not have been a follower of Joh the Batpist, and would never have heard of Jesus, if this were not so. He simply wanted to know. This is why he took Jesus aside on the Mount of Olives to ask when the destruction of the Temple would occur.
Right from the start, Andrew appears to have been part of an inner circle among the disciples — only he and three others (Peter, James, and John) were on the Mount of Olives with Jesus when Jesus spoke about the coming cataclysm in Jerusalem: the destruction of the Temple and the coming apocalypse.
The miracle of the loaves and fishes
Andrew was also practical, and a problem-solver: he brought the boy with the loaves and fishes to Jesus (John 6:8) 'Here is a lad' he says 'with five barley loaves and two fish." (John 6:8f)
The enquiring Greeks
He brought the enquiring Greeks to Jesus (John 12:22-26) in the tense hourse before the Last Supper and Jesus'arrest in the Garden of Olives. When a number
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at miktarının milyarlarca doları bulabileceğine inanıyor" dedi.
Haziran 2011'de "etiketleme önerisi" özelliğini başlatan Facebook, bu özellikte, mevcut yüz veritabanının yardımıyla kullanıcının yüklediği fotoğrafta olabilecek kişilerin etiketlenmesi öneriyor.
Yüzleri standartlaştırıp, ölçü ve yöne göre sıralayan, Facebook daha sonra her bir yüz için bir fotoğraftaki yüzün matematiksel temsili olan bir “yüz imzası” yaratıyor.
Yüz imzaları daha sonra saklanan yüz şablonları veri tabanında benzer olanları bulmak için kullanılıyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>AFP
Gözde Meriç
2 мар. 2022 г.
Yıldız Tasarımcı Rousteing, Paris Moda Haftası'nda Ukrayna'ya Sevgilerini Yolladı
AFP
Gözde Meriç
2 мар. 2022 г.
Süperstar Fransız tasarımcı Olivier Rousteing, Ukrayna'daki savaş nedeniyle Çarşamba günü Paris Moda Haftası'nda Balmain için hazırladığı son koleksiyonunu sunmaktan rahatsızlık duyduğunu açıkladı.
Rousteing, Instagram'da 7,6 milyon takipçisine "En son haberleri büyük bir üzüntüyle dinlerken podyumlara ve kıyafetlere odaklanmak oldukça çaresiz hissettiriyor" dedi.
Paylaştığı görüntüce için Ukrayna'nın sarı-mavi renginde bir çöl sahnesi kullandı.
"Düşüncelerimiz ve dualarımız Ukraynalılarla. Onların haysiyetlerinden, dayanıklılıklarından ve özgürlüğe bağlılıklarından ilham alıyoruz" dedi.
36 yaşındaki Rousteing, on yıldan fazla bir süredir Balmain'de kreatif direktörlük yapıyor ve Kim Kardashian ile yaptığı yakın işbirliğiyle tanınıyor.
Ayrıca biyolojik ebeveynlerini aramasını anlatan bir Netflix belgeselinde de rol aldı.
Rousteing, "Biraz daha az çaresiz hissetmek için" BM mülteci örgütü UNHCR'ye bağışta bulunduğunu belirtti.
"Endişelerimi paylaşan herkesi kendi bağışlarını yapmaya davet ediyorum. Özgürlük için birlikteyiz" diye yazdı.
Копирайт © 2023 AFP. Все права защищены. Любая информация даннного раздела защищена законом об интелектуальной собственности и не может быть скопирована, перепечатана, изменена, издана или использована в коммерческих целях.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Rubella or German Measles is caused by the rubella virus. It is different from measles in that it primarily affects the skin and lymph nodes. In rare cases, rubella can lead to arthritis, encephalitis, myocarditis and thrombocytopenia. Rubella or German measles can have serious repercussions on a pregnant woman since it affect the developing fetus. It can lead to growth and mental retardation as well as malformation of the eyes and heart.
Rubella manifests in symptoms such as fever and swollen tender lymph nodes. There is rash that appears all over the body. The rashes are light pink patches that last about 3 days. A patient suffering from rubella suffers headache, loss of appetite and runny nose. There might be mild conjunctivitis. Often pain and swelling is noticed in the joints.
A virus culture helps in detecting the type of rubella antibodies in the blood. Paracetamol or ibuprofen can reduce pain and fever. Rubella is usually self-limiting and lasts for about 2- 3 weeks. There is no treatment for this disease. Rubella vaccine is part of the MMR immunization scheduled for children. A second dose is recommended again around 4 - 6 years.
CK blood test
A Creatinine Kinase test is a blood test that measures the levels of Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). It is an enzyme found predominantly in the heart tissue, brain and skeletal muscle. The CK blood test is commonly used to diagnose the existence of heart muscle damage. The CK blood test result shows an increase above normal in a person's blood test about six hours after the start of a heart attack.
It reaches its peak in about 18 hours and returns to normal in 24 to 36 hours. When the total CPK level is substantially elevated, then it is indicative of injury or stress to heart, brain or skeletal areas. The small amount of CPK that is normally in the blood comes from the muscles. The CPK blood test also helps in cost-effective management of people with suspected coronary atherosclerosis. It also evaluates the extent of muscle damage caused by drugs, trauma or immobility.
Abnormal CK-MB (one of three CK isoenzymes) or troponin levels are associated with Myocyte Necrosis and the diagnosis of Myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Markers of Cardiac Myocyte Necrosis (damage to the Cardiac muscle cells), myoglobin, CK, CK-MB and troponin I and T are primarily used to identify acute Myocardial Infarction.
It is used in early detection of dermatomyositis and polymyositis. It is also used to distinguish malignant hyperthermia from a post operative infection. It helps to discover carriers of muscular dystrophy.
The normal range for Creatinine Kinase (CK or CPK) blood test:
Male: 38 - 174 units/L
Female: 96 - 140 units/L
Increased levels of CK also can be found in viral myositis and hypothyroidism. Higher than normal CPK levels is indicative of the following conditions:
- Heart attack
- Delirium Tremens
- Electric shock
- Muscular dystrophy
- Pulmonary infarction
Serum CKMB levels are tested to check for myocardial injury. It is another important cardiac marker. The primary source of CKMB is myocardium although it is also found in skeletal muscle. Typically CKMB tests have now been replaced by Troponin test. But in cases of abnormal Troponin assay results or suspected re-infarction in the hospital, the CKMB serum test is still used.
High levels of CK MB are noticed in cases of polymyositis and rhabdomyolysis. Patients suffering pulmonary embolism, hypothyroidism, and muscular dystrophy or carbon monoxide poisoning can also show higher levels of serum CKMB. The reference range is about 56.2 pg/mL.
An electrocardiogram or ECG is a non-invasive diagnostic test to record the electrical voltage in the heart so as to understand its functioning and regularity of heart beats. The electrocardiogram or EKG can help in diagnosing cardiovascular disease. The ECG is used to check for any damage to the heart and regulate the functioning of the pacemaker.
An electrocardiogram measures the electrical activity within the heart, thereby throwing light on the how the heart muscles function. This test is not painful. An ECG is recommended for patients who complain of regular chest pain or palpitations to check for the normal functioning of the heart. It can help in detecting heart attack or (ischaemia) ischemia. If a patient suffers from hypothermia, pulmonary embolism, mitral stenosis or left ventricular hypertrophy, an EKG can help in diagnosis.
Other non-cardiac problems such as drug overdose or electrolyte imbalance can be diagnosed with an EKG. Abnormal results from an ECG test may be indicative of arrhythmia, myocarditis, impending heart attack or enlarged heart.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Presentation on theme: "Time Value of Money (CH 4)"— Presentation transcript:
1Time Value of Money (CH 4) TIPIf you do not understandsomething,ask me!Future valuePresent valueAnnuitiesInterest rates
2Last week Objective of the firm Business forms Agency conflicts Capital budgeting decision and capital structure decision
3The plan of the lecture Time value of money concepts present value (PV)discount rate/interest rate (r)Formulae for calculating PV ofperpetuityannuityInterest compoundingHow to use a financial calculator
4Financial choices Which would you rather receive today? TRL 1,000,000,000 ( one billion Turkish lira )USD ( U.S. dollars )Both payments are absolutely guaranteed.What do we do?
5Financial choicesWe need to compare “apples to apples” - this means we need to get the TRL:USD exchange rateFrom we can see:USD 1 = TRL 1,637,600Therefore TRL 1bn = USD
6Financial choices with time Which would you rather receive?$1000 today$1200 in one yearBoth payments have no risk, that is,there is 100% probability that you will be paid
7Financial choices with time Why is it hard to compare ?$1000 today$1200 in one yearThis is not an “apples to apples” comparison. They have different units$1000 today is different from $1000 in one yearWhy?A cash flow is time-dated moneyIt has a money unit such as USD or TRLIt has a date indicating when to receive money
8Present value To have an “apple to apple” comparison, we convert future payments to the present valuesor convert present payments to the future valuesThis is like converting money in TRL to money in USD
9Some termsFinding the present value of some future cash flows is called discounting.Finding the future value of some current cash flows is called compounding.
10What is the future value (FV) of an initial $100 after 3 years, if i = 10%? Finding the FV of a cash flow or series of cash flows is called compounding.FV can be solved by using the arithmetic, financial calculator, and spreadsheet methods.FV = ?12310%100
11Solving for FV: The arithmetic method After 1 year:FV1 = c ( 1 + i ) = $100 (1.10) = $110.00After 2 years:FV2 = c (1+i)(1+i) = $100 (1.10) =$121.00After 3 years:FV3 = c ( 1 + i )3 = $100 (1.10) =$133.10After n years (general case):FVn = C ( 1 + i )n
12Set up the Texas instrument 2nd, “FORMAT”, set “DEC=9”, ENTER2nd, “FORMAT”, move “↓” several times, make sure you see “AOS”, not “Chn”.2nd, “P/Y”, set to “P/Y=1”2nd, “BGN”, set to “END”P/Y=periods per year,END=cashflow happens end of periods
13Solving for FV: The calculator method Solves the general FV equation.Requires 4 inputs into calculator, and it will solve for the fifth.310-100INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT133.10
14What is the present value (PV) of $100 received in 3 years, if i = 10%? Finding the PV of a cash flow or series of cash flows is called discounting (the reverse of compounding).The PV shows the value of cash flows in terms of today’s worth.12310%PV = ?100
15Solving for PV: The arithmetic method i: interest rate, or discount ratePV = C / ( 1 + i )nPV = C / ( 1 + i )3= $100 / ( 1.10 )3= $75.13
16Solving for PV: The calculator method Exactly like solving for FV, except we have different input information and are solving for a different variable.310100INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT-75.13
17Solving for N: If your investment earns interest of 20% per year, how long before your investments double?20-12INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT3.8
18Solving for i: What interest rate would cause $100 to grow to $125 Solving for i: What interest rate would cause $100 to grow to $ in 3 years?3-100125.97INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT8
19Now let’s study some interesting patterns of cash flows… PerpetuityAnnuity
20ordinary annuity and annuity due PMT123i%PMT123i%Annuity Due
21Value an ordinary annuity Here C is each cash paymentn is number of paymentsIf you’d like to know how to get the formula below, see me after class.
22Exampleyou win the $1million dollar lottery! but wait, you will actually get paid $50,000 per year for the next 20 years if the discount rate is a constant 7% and the first payment will be in one year, how much have you actually won?
24Solving for FV: 3-year ordinary annuity of $100 at 10% $100 payments occur at the end of each period. Note that PV is set to 0 when you try to get FV.310-100INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT331
25Solving for PV: 3-year ordinary annuity of $100 at 10% $100 payments still occur at the end of each period. FV is now set to 0.310100INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT
26Solving for FV: 3-year annuity due of $100 at 10% $100 payments occur at the beginning of each period.FVAdue= FVAord(1+i) = $331(1.10) = $Alternatively, set calculator to “BEGIN” mode and solve for the FV of the annuity:BEGIN310-100INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT364.10
27Solving for PV: 3-year annuity due of $100 at 10% $100 payments occur at the beginning of each period.PVAdue= PVAord(1+I) = $248.69(1.10) = $Alternatively, set calculator to “BEGIN” mode and solve for the PV of the annuity:BEGIN310100INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT
28What is the present value of a 5-year $100 ordinary annuity at 10%? Be sure your financial calculator is set back to END mode and solve for PV:N = 5, I/YR = 10, PMT = 100, FV = 0.PV = $379.08
29What if it were a 10-year annuity? A 25-year annuity? A perpetuity? N = 10, I/YR = 10, PMT = 100, FV = 0; solve for PV = $25-year annuityN = 25, I/YR = 10, PMT = 100, FV = 0; solve for PV = $Perpetuity (N=infinite)PV = PMT / i = $100/0.1 = $1,000.
30What is the present value of a four-year annuity of $100 per year that makes its first payment two years from today if the discount rate is 9%?$297.22$323.97$ $ $ $100
31What is the PV of this uneven cash flow stream? 10013002310%-50490.91247.93225.39-34.15= PV
32Solving for PV: Uneven cash flow stream Input cash flows in the calculator’s “CF” register:CF0 = 0CF1 = 100CF2 = 300CF3 = 300CF4 = -50Enter I/YR = 10, press NPV button to get NPV = $ (Here NPV = PV.)
33Detailed steps (Texas Instrument calculator) To clear historical data:CF, 2nd ,CE/CTo get PV:CF , ↓,100 , Enter , ↓,↓ ,300 , Enter, ↓,2,Enter, ↓, 50, +/-,Enter, ↓,NPV,10,Enter, ↓,CPT“NPV= ”
34The Power of Compound Interest A 20-year-old student wants to start saving for retirement. She plans to save $3 a day. Every day, she puts $3 in her drawer. At the end of the year, she invests the accumulated savings ($1,095=$3*365) in an online stock account. The stock account has an expected annual return of 12%.How much money will she have when she is 65 years old?
35Solving for FV: Savings problem If she begins saving today, and sticks to her plan, she will have $1,487, when she is 65.4512-1095INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT1,487,262
36Solving for FV: Savings problem, if you wait until you are 40 years old to start If a 40-year-old investor begins saving today, and sticks to the plan, he or she will have $146, at age 65. This is $1.3 million less than if starting at age 20.Lesson: It pays to start saving early.2512-1095INPUTSNI/YRPVPMTFVOUTPUT146,001
37Will the FV of a lump sum be larger or smaller if compounded more often, holding the stated i% constant?LARGER, as the more frequently compounding occurs, interest is earned on interest more often.12310%100133.10Annually: FV3 = $100(1.10)3 = $133.101235%456134.01100Semiannually: FV6 = $100(1.05)6 = $134.01
38What is the FV of $100 after 3 years under 10% semiannual compounding What is the FV of $100 after 3 years under 10% semiannual compounding? Quarterly compounding?
39Classifications of interest rates 1. Nominal rate (iNOM) – also called the APR, quoted rate, or stated rate. An annual rate that ignores compounding effects. Periods must also be given, e.g. 8% Quarterly.2. Periodic rate (iPER) – amount of interest charged each period, e.g. monthly or quarterly.iPER = iNOM / m, where m is the number of compounding periods per year. e.g., m = 12 for monthly compounding.
40Classifications of interest rates 3. Effective (or equivalent) annual rate (EAR, also called EFF, APY) : the annual rate of interest actually being earned, taking into account compounding.If the interest rate is compounded m times in a year, the effective annual interest rate is
41Example, EAR for 10% semiannual investment An investor would be indifferent between an investment offering a 10.25% annual return, and one offering a 10
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agli altri coeredi il rimborso delle spese, che è già stato interamente sostenuto e ora dovrà essere rimborsato.
Cass. ord. n. 8938 del 31.03.2021.
Questo sito utilizza i cookie per fonire la migliore esperienza di navigazione possibile. Continuando a utilizzare questo sito senza modificare le impostazioni dei cookie o clicchi su "Accetta" permetti al loro utilizzo.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>آیا مسئولیت احیای تبلیغات فاشیستی و نازیسی در اوکراین می تواند یک طرفه باشد؟ آیا بورژوازی روسیه مسئول این نیست؟ آیا حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه چیزی در این مورد نمی داند؟ حزب کمونیست روسیه متوجه انتی کمونیسم اکراینی هست، طوری که ان را “مقامات فاشیستی” توصیف می کند، اما به انتی کمونیسمی که در صدای رسمی روسیه فوران می زند، و به آنچه از حنجره رئیس جمهور پوتین که در نخستین سخنرانی وی در قبل از آغاز عملیات نظامی به گوش رسید، هیچ توجهی ندارد
مبارزه برای بازار و غارت کشورهای بیگانه، تلاش جهت مهار جنبش انقلابی پرولتاریا و دمکراسی در دورون کشورها، تلاش جهت فریب، جدایی و سرکوب پرولتاریای جهان، برانگیختن بردگان روزمزدی یک ملت دربرابر ملت دیگربه نفع بورژوازی- این یگانه حقیقت محتوا و مفهوم جنگ است. لنین مجموع اثارجلد ۲۶ص ۱.
نقل قول فوق از رهبر انقلاب اکتبر، که صد سال پیش گفته شده، به طور کامل با جنگ در اکراین مطابقت دارد. در بسیاری از مقالاتی که تا به حال نوشته ایم، به مبارزه ای که بر سر بازار فروش و راه های حمل و نقل کالا ختم می شود، اشاره کرده ایم.
حزب کمونیست یونان مواضع خود را به روشنی، از جمله و درچارچوب جنبش جهانی کمونیستی بیان داشته است. متاسفانه، برخی از احزاب کمونیستی، همچنین حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه، مواضعی را اعلان کرده اند که ما قعاطعانه مخالف آن می باشیم.
مختصری در باره حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه
حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه که در سال ۱۹۹۳ بنیانگذاری شد یکی از نیروهای عمده صحنه ی سیاسی روسیه سرمایه داری است. این حزب در اخرین انتخابات پارلمانی در سال ۲۰۲۱، با کسب حدود ۱۸.۹درصد ارا، و با گرفتن ۵۷ کرسی (از ۴۵۰ کرسی مجلس) به دومین نیروی سیاسی تبدیل شد. نمایندگان این حزب طی سی سال گذشته پس از فروپاشی شوروی، سمت های مهمی را از دوره ۱۹۹۸-۱۹۹۹ در دولت یرماکوف که تلاش می کرد بحران سرمایه داری کشور را تعدیل بخشد، در اختیار داشتند. برنامه حزب، با دفاع از خط مشی تبدیل تدریجی سرمایه داری به سوسیالیسم از طریق طی مراحل گوناگون، موافق با تشکیل دولت های مختلف “چپ میانه” می باشد. حزب کمونیست علیرغم برخورداری از وزن سنگین در پارلمان، نقش قابل توجهی در امور تجدید سازمان جنبش های کارگری و اتحادیه های کارگری در روسیه ندارد.
مواضع این حزب تا آغاز تجاوز روسیه به اکراین، همبستگی با حزب حاکم “روسیه متحد” و رئیس جمهور پوتین بود. دومای (مجلس) روسیه طرح حزب کمونیست در مورد به رسمیت شناختن “استقلال” به اصطلاح “جمهوری های خلق” دونباس (دانیسک و لوهانسک) را تصویب نمود که محرک اصلی تجاوز روسیه به اکراین شد. گذشته از این، حزب کلیه استدلالات رسمی دولت روسیه در مورد ضرورت نابودی فاشیسم در اکراین توسط ارتش روسیه، تحت عنوان “عملیات ویژه ” – این اصطلاح جهت اجتناب از ذکر واژه “جنگ” ابداع شده است- را “نشخوار می کند”. علاوه براین، حزب کمونیست روسیه، اعتقاد دارد که سیاست خارجی “ضدفاشیستی” باید با “چرخش چپ” در داخل کشور همراه باشد. حزب همواره خواهان تغییرات در دولت و حضور حزب در ان می باشد.
“جنگ تمدن ها”: “میلیارد طلایی” در مقابل “جهان روس”
اما بدترین مواضع ارائه شده از سوی حزب کمونیست روسیه، سکوت کامل در باره ی دلایل حقیقی این جنگ امپریالیستی است؛ جنگی که اکراین درگیر آن شده، نه در راستای منافع مردم، بلکه در راستای منافع انحصارات و بورژوازی است. این جنگ برای مواد اولیه و مواد خام، مسیرهای حمل و نقل کالا، پایه های ژئوپلیتیک برای سهیم شدن در بازار می باشد.
حزب کمونیست روسیه نمی تواند، اهمیت این موضوع را که منابع طبیعی اکراین، مواد معدنی آن، برای مثال: تیتانیوم، فلزات ضروری برای صنایع هواپیما سازی و زمین های حاصلخیز این کشور که نسبت به دوره سوسیالیستی روبه کاهش است درک نکند، نه تنها بنادر ماریوپول و ادسا بلکه مهم تر از همه پایگاه های صنعتی، شبکه عظیم حامل های انرژی هم برای روسیه و هم برای غرب مهم است.
حزب کمونیست نمی تواند رقابت شدید بین دولت های بورژوازی در بسیاری از مناطق جهان برای انرژی، راه های حمل آن، در راستای سهم بری از انحصار بازار انرژی اروپا و غیره را متوجه نباشد. همچنین حزب کمونیست، نمی تواند، رقابت امپریالیستی انحصارات دولت های اتحادیه اروپا، امریکا، روسیه، چین و سایر دول “بازیگر” منطقه ای مانند، ترکیه، اسرائیل، پادشاهی های حوزه خلیج فارس و دیگران را نبیند.
حزب کمونیست با اتخاذ این مواضع، در کنار انحصارات روسیه و چین در رقابت آن ها با غرب و سایرین قرار می گیرد، که همه با هم مردم اکراین را به ” کیسه بوکس” تبدیل کرده اند. حزب کمونیست مدتهاست که با روحیه ملی گرایی و نیروهای ناسیونالیستی که در پوشش میهن پرست ظاهر می شود، معاشقه دارد.
صدر حزب کمونیست روسیه در کتاب خود “جهانی شدن و سرنوشت بشر” (۲۰۰۲) دیدگاه ساموئل هانتینگتون امریکایی در مورد “برخورد تمدن ها” را اتخاذ می کند، که مطابق ان، درگیری ها نه در سطح دولت ها، بلکه میان نیروهای مختلف فرهنگی سنتی است. بنابراین، در عملکردهای ناتو، اتحادیه اروپا و امریکا جهت محاصره روسیه وی یک “جنگ تمام عیار” علیه روسیه می بینند، که توسط کشورهای “میلیارد طلایی” راه اندازی شده است. یعنی سی کشور پیشرفته، اعضای سازمان همکاری اقتصادی و توسعه از جمله یونان با یک میلیارد جمعیت. مطابق این فرضیه، ما شاهد “کاهش” تضادهای طبقاتی اجتماعی در جامعه “میلیارد طلایی” هستیم و اکنون تضاد اساسی در سطح بین المللی “بر اساس خط “غنی شمال-فقیر جنوب” بیان می شود. تندتر از تضادهایی که قبلاً پرولتاریاها را از استثمارگرانشان در چارچوب یک کشور جداگانه جدا می کرد» [۱].
در اسناد برنامه حزب کمونیست روسیه، هیچ اشاره ای به ماهیت امپریالیستی روسیه معاصر نشده است، با این همه، اعتقاد براین است که، “فدراسیون روسیه به موضوع نوبتی تقسیم جهان، ضمیمه مواد خام دولت های امپریالیستی جهان” تبدیل می گردد، همچنین خاطرنشان می شود، که: “در نیمه دوم سده بیستم، گروهی با غارت بی رحمانه منابع کره زمین، سوداگری مالی، جنگ و روش های پیچیده استثمار جدید، غنی تر شده اند. از کشورهای پیشرفته سرمایه داری، به اصطلاح میلیارد طلایی وارد دوره ای به نام “جامعه مصرفی” شده است. در اینجا مصرف از حالت کارکرد طبیعی انسان به یک “هدف مقدس” تبدیل می گردد”، که به تلاش شدید وضعیت اجتماعی فرد بستگی دارد. (۲) بر پایه این رویکرد غیرطبقاتی و گمراه کننده، “میلیارد طلایی” در مقابل به اصطلاح “جهان روس” که یکی از گرایشات بنیادی سیاست خارجی مدرن دولت بورژوازی روسیه است، قرار می گیرد.
در پس این فرضیه، طرحی برای بهره برداری از میلیون ها روس و روس زبان جهت اجرای اهداف سرمایه داری روسیه نهفته است. “ما همه موظفیم از جهان روس دفاع کنیم. (…) جهان روس در طی هزاران سال بنا شده است. دربنای این جهان نه تنها روس ها بلکه اکراینی ها و بلاروس ها هم سهم داشته اند. صدر حزب کمونیست روسیه در سخنرانی خود در پارلمان روسیه در جریان قرائت طرح به رسمیت شناختن به اصطلاح “جمهوری های مردمی” می گوید: “ما یک دین مشترک، پیروزی های مشترک، یک زبان و یک فرهنگ داریم”(۳). بدین ترتیب، حزب کمونیست روسیه به طور کامل از سیاست خارجی دولت حاکم بر روسیه، اتحادیه های سرمایه داری میان دولتی، که توسط آن در قلمرو اتحاد جماهیر شوروی سابق ایجاد شده است، همانند، اتحادیه اقتصادی اور اسیا و سازمان پیمان امنیت جمعی حمایت می کند. در ژانویه سال جاری حزب کمونیست روسیه از ماموریت نیروهای سازمان پیمان جمعی در قزاقستان در راستای سرکوب قیام کارگری مردمی حمایت نمود.
سرانجام، حزب کمونیست اعلان می کند که هدف آن ساختمان سوسیالیسم است، اما برنامه ای که قصد اجرای آن را از طریق فرایند انتخابات پارلمانی دارد، برنامه ی رفرم در مدیریت نظام سرمایه داری و کاملا منطبق بر برنامه های دولت بورژوازی است که در مساله سیاست خارجی نیز بازتاب دارد.
پنهان کردن مسئولیت دولت روسیه در برابر آنچه که در حال رخ دادن است
حزب کمونیست روسیه با نسبت دادن وضعیت موجود و رویدادهای جاری به نیروهای امپریالیستی مانند امریکا، ناتو، اتحادیه اروپا، به اصطلاح “لیبرال فاشیست ها” چیزی در مورد مسئولیت بورژوازی روسیه نمی گوید. به هرحال، پس از فروپاشی شوروی میلیون ها روس و روس زبان در خارج از روسیه و از جمله در کریمه و دُنباس قرار گرفتند.
ان زمان که نیروهای ضدانقلابی روس، شوروی را متلاشی می کردند، از خود پرسیدند که حقوق این مردم چه می شود، از این پس مناطقی که این مردم در ان زندگی می کنند، متعلق به کدام کشور خواهد شد؟ صد البته که نه، در آن دوره زمانی این گروه از مردم، توسط بورژوازی نوظهور به عنوان مهره در برنامه های ژئوپلیتیک آن در شوروی سابق در نظر گرفته شدند.
همزمان با این، بورژوازی اکراین درطی سی سال گذشته به طور سازمانیافته مردم اکراین را با سم ضدکمونیستی، تبلیغات گوبلی نسل کشی (گولودومور) خلق اکراین توسط بلشویک ها، کمونیست ها و یا روس ها مسموم می نماید. در سال ۱۹۹۸ رئیس جمهور وقت اکراین، لئونید کوچما اولین فرمان را صادر نمود که مطابق با آن این تبلیغات به سطح دولتی ارتقا یافت و به کل سیستم اموزش و پرورش کشور اشاعه یافت. در سال ۲۰۰۶ زمان ریاست جمهوری ویکتور یوشنکو عملیاتی تحت عنوان “به رسمیت شناختن بین المللی” به اصطلاح “نسل کشی” خلق اکراین، اغاز می شود، همزمان در کشور جرم کیفری جهت نفی گولودومور در نظر گرفته می شود. در سال ۲۰۱۰ رئیس جمهور پرو روس ویکتور یانوکوویچ با معتبر دانستن کلیه تصمیمات پیشین، اعلان کرد که سخن بر نسل کشی خلق اکراین نیست، بلکه سخن از”جنایات رژیم تمامیت خواه استالین” می رود. برپایه چنین اسطوره هایی یک نسل کامل در اکراین بزرگ شده است، سازمان های فاشیستی برپایه ان، نیاز به بازسازماندهی ایدئولوژیکی و سیاسی داشتند.
رهبری کنونی روسیه در تمام این سال ها برای پیشگیری از چنین تحولات غیرقابل قبول رخدادها چه کرده است. به غیر از تجارت، فعالیت دیگری هم صورت گرفت؟ همانطور که پوتین با غرور تمام گفت “درسال ۲۰۱۱ تبادل کالایی دوطرفه به بیش از ۵۰ میلیارد دلار رسید” (۴). در همان زمان که در اکراین تبلیغات گوبلزی رشد می نمود، روسیه همانطور که پوتین بیان کرد در بازه ۱۹۹۱ تا ۲۰۱۳ (دقیقا دوره ای که اندیشه فاشیسم پا گرفت) از اوکراین حمایت مادی می کرد، سود بودجه اکراین از کمک های روسیه (معافیت های اعتباری، بهای ویژه برق روسیه) شامل ۲۵۰ میلیارد دلار شد. حتی بدهی اکراین از زمان شوروی به طور کامل توسط روسیه پرداخت شد.
آیا مسئولیت احیای تبلیغات فاشیستی و نازیستی در اوکراین می تواند یک طرفه باشد؟ آیا بورژوازی روسیه مسئول نیست؟ حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه چیزی در این مورد نمی داند؟
مبارزه با فاشیسم
در طی سالیان سال، دولت روسیه هرسال پیش نویس قطعنامه ای را به سازمان ملل ارائه می کند که در ان نازیسم محکوم شده و خواستار تمهیداتی در راستای محدودیت نازیسم به عنوان یک پدیده، به ویژه در کشورهای بالتیک و اکراین می شود. امریکا نیز مدام به قطعنامه فوق رای منفی داده است. کشورهای اتحادیه ی اروپا نیز از رای دادن به آن خودداری می کنند. برهمین مبنا، هرسال در نهم ماه مه روز پیروزی بر فاشیسم پرچم سرخ در روسیه به اهتزاز در می آید. بدینسان طبقه بورژوازی تلاش دارد از احساسات مردم و روحیه ضدفاشیستی آن ها در راستای اهداف خود بهرمند گردد.
در همین حال، آگاهی دانش آموزان روسیه با سموم ضدکمونیستی توسط آثار معروف ضدشوروی سولژنیتسین، که توجیه کننده خائنان و همکاران نازی ها، طرفداران دیکتاتور فرانکو و پینوشه است، مسموم می گردد. در رسانه های دولتی و خصوصی تبلیغات ضدکمونیستی، و همچنین پیروزی برفاشیسم آلمان یک شاهکار توسط مردم بدون حزب بلشویک، گاها علیرغم فعالیت های ان صورت می گیرد. پوتین علنا اعلان کرد که کتاب های ایوان ایلین، ایدئولوگ روسی فاشیسم را می خواند و خواندن ان را به جوانان پیشنهاد می کند. همچین اضافه کرد که برمزارش گل نیز می گذارد.
همه این ها یکبار دیگر ثابت می کند که هرگاه مبارزه با فاشیسم جدا از مبارزه با سرمایه داری ای باشد که فاشیسم را بوجود می اورد، کاملا ریاکارانه است و اهداف دیگری را پنهان می کند، طوری که اکنون روسیه در اکراین سرگرم انجام عملیات نظامی گویا به منظور “نازی زدایی” می باشد.
چه کسی نازی زدایی می کند؟ طرفدار فاشیست ایلین؟ آیا او آن را زیر پرچم امپراتوری تزاری – “زندان مردم” همانطور که لنین گفت، انجام خواهد داد؟ حزب کمونیست روسیه نمی تواند از این مواضع ریاکارانه بی اطلاع باشد.
سکوت در برابر آنتی کمونیسم دولتی
حزب کمونیست روسیه متوجه آنتی کمونیسم اکراینی هست، طوری که آن را “مقامات فاشیستی” توصیف می کند، اما به آنتی کمونیسمی که در صدای رسمی روسیه فوران می زند، و همچنین از حنجره رئیس جمهور پوتین که در نخستین سخنرانی وی در قبل از آغاز عملیات نظامی به گوش رسید، شنیده می شود، هیچ توجهی ندارد.
یاداور می شویم که پوتین در این سخنرانی ازهمه برچسپ های مشمئزکننده اتحادیه اروپا، امریکا که علیه اتحاد شوروی منتشر می کنند، از قبیل: “دیکتاتوری استالین”، “رژیم توتالیتر”، “تروریسم سرخ” و غیره بهره برد.
قابل توجه است که حزب کمونیست روسیه تحت هیچ شرایطی به این حملات ضدکمونیستی غیرقابل قبول از سوی کرملین، که پایه مشترک ضدکمونیسم تمامی نیروهای امپریالیستی است، واکنش نشان نداده است. حزب کمونیست به هیچ وجه به اتهامات غیرقابل قبول رئیس جمهور روسیه علیه لنین و بلشویک ها، گویا که اینها مقصر اصلی فروپاشی اتحاد شوروی بودند نه ان نیروهای ضد انقلاب اجتماعی-سیاسی که خود پوتین همانند شهردار وقت لنینگراد آناتولی سابچاک –”دست راست یلتسین” به انها تعلق داشت، و به همراه گورباچف مبارزه ضدکمونیستی، ضدشوروی، مبارزه علیه نیروی های مدافع نجات سوسیالیسم و شوروی را مدیریت کردند – واکنش نشان نداده است.
تحریف مواضع حزب کمونیست یونان در مورد مساله جنگ
درشرایط فعلی، حزب کمونیست روسیه تلاش کرده تا مردم روسیه را نسبت به مواضع حزب کمونیست یونان درباره وضعیت اکراین گمراه سازد. حزب کمونیست از این که حزب کمونیست یونان تجاوز روسیه به اکراین را محکوم کرده است، از اینکه حزب کمونیست یونان یک مارش اعتراضی از سفارت روسیه تا سفارت ام
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مدنی).
2- آباد کردن عرفی بوده و مال احیاء شده قابل استفاده شود. مانند زراعت، درخت کاری، ساخت بنا (ماده 141 قانون مدنی).
صرف شخم زدن زمین یا ریختن مصالح در آن یا حفر چاه موجب احیاء نیست بلکه صرفاً تحجیر محسوب شده و برای تحجیر کننده حق اولویت ایجاد می کند (ماده 142 قانون مدنی).
3- آباد کردن به صورت فیزیکی(مباشرت): اختلاف است که آیا به وکالت یا ولایت یا به طور فضولی می توان زمینی را برای دیگری احیاء نمود؟ طبق نظر مشهور در فقه نمی توان، زیرا در حیازت مباحات، مباشرت شرط است و قابل توکیل نیست چه این که در روایت آمده است: مَن حَاز مَلِک: هر کس حیازت کند مالک می شود. برخی از حقوقدانان معتقدند احیاء به وکالت یا ولایت یا به طور فضولی، ممکن است.
4- عدم وجود مانع قانونی (ماده 145 قانون مدنی).
* هر کس اراضی موات را به قصد تملّک، احیاء کند مالک آن می شود اما تحجیر فقط حق اولویت ایجاد می کند و موجب مالکیت نمی شود.
* حیازت مباحات: طبق ماده 146 قانون مدنی مقصود از حیازت، تصرف و وضع ید است یا مهیا کردن وسایل تصرف و استیلاء. حیازت زمین موات به احیاء آن است، حیازت دفینه با کشف آن است و حیازت حیوانات وحشی با شکار کردن آن ها است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>AgenPress– “Potete immaginare cosa sarebbe accaduto se avessi avuto un conto segreto in Cina mentre correvo per la Casa Bianca? Ha pagato più tasse ad un Paese straniero che in Usa. Io stesso ho pagato più tasse di lui quando avevo 15 anni e distribuivo gelati”.
Lo ha detto nel suo comizio a Philadelphia per Joe Biden, Barack Obama ha attaccato Donald Trump per il conto bancario in Cina rivelato dal New York Times.
“Donald Trump è incapace di prendere seriamente l’incarico”, “la sua presidenza è come un reality show”, ha aggiunto. “Non ha mostrato interesse verso nessuno se non se stesso”.
“La nostra reputazione nel mondo è a pezzi. Donald Trump ha attaccato Donald Trump per aver sposato teorie cospirative, come quella della falsa eliminazione di Osama bin Laden, e per aver minacciato o chiesto la galera per i suoi avversari politici. “Ma ci pensate? questo è il presidente degli Stati Uniti. Non è un comportamento normale, se non forse quello di uno zio pazzo”, ha aggiunto, citando le parole di Savannah Guthrie, la moderatrice che ha messo all’angolo il presidente nell’ultimo town hall.
“Ci sono conseguenze per queste azioni, esse incoraggiano altre persone ad essere crudeli, divisive, razziste. E spezzano il tessuto della nostra società”. Le azioni del presidente, ha aggiunto, “ci distolgono da quello che sta facendo questa amministrazione: smantella le protezioni ambientali, sventra le protezioni dei lavoratori ed erode il sistema dell’educazione pubblica. La democrazia non può funzionare con un presidente “che mente tutti i giorni”.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>昨天，Kshitij咨询服务团队表示，由于美元反弹，白银期货周一也大幅下跌，白银价格已从近26.135美元/盎司的水平大幅下跌。 商品期货开户并且每盎司26美元附近的阻力仍然完好无损，只要无法克服这一阻力，白银期货有望跌至趋势支撑位每盎司24美元。
不过，商品部主管Lachlan Shaw 澳大利亚国民银行的一项研究指出，主要的中央银行不太可能在短期到中期改变其宽松立场，因为疫苗的研发和经济增长将需要时间。 通胀预期，将压低通胀 他在美国的长期实际回报率成为了贵金属价格的支撑力量。
美国的流行病可能增加200,000
最新数据显示，截至北京时间11月11日9:25,美国新确诊的新的冠心病病例数 州已达到10,544,870,累计死亡人数已超过240,000. 美国的案件总数已超过1,000. 面对更严重的疫情。[H] [H]在美国大选中，虽然计票尚未结束，从目前的情况来看，拜登将赢得大选，而拜登团队已经开始进入 白宫。 ,防疫工作是当务之急。 明尼苏达大学传染病研究与政策中心主任迈克尔·奥斯特霍尔姆（Michael Osterholm）被任命为拜登Covid-19咨询委员会委员。 他周一说：“如果在未来几年中，每周中每天发生的新案件超过200,000,这并不令我感到惊讶。” [H]
根据NBC金融频道Emily DeCiccio的说法， 斯科特·戈特利布（Scott Gottlieb）博士说，由于星期一美国确诊的冠状病毒病例数超过1000万，新的冠状病毒大流行“将在美国蔓延。[H]
Gottlieb说：”现在的挑战是，这种病毒分布在全国各地。我们将在整个国家真正流行。不幸的是，在我们进行这种治疗性反击之前，它将 导致大量的死亡和疾病。不仅是疫苗，而且还有这些治疗性抗体。“
尽管辉瑞公司先前宣布疫苗的有效率可以达到90%以上，但疫苗的广泛使用可能 仍然要等到明年第三季度。
美国大选之争仍未结束
几天前，据报道，著名的RCP网站悄悄改变了大选结果。 拜登获得259票，但该网站回应说，它从未预言过宾夕法尼亚州的获胜者。 特朗普在推特上说我们正在取得重大进展。 …我们会赢！
当地时间10日晚，现任美国总统兼共和党总统候选人特朗普发布了一系列新闻，包括美国邮政服务举报人理查德·霍普金斯发布的视频。 联邦党人网站发表了有关费城选举舞弊的文章，以及奥巴马政府的非法间谍活动和针对特朗普的泄密。
特朗普在转推中说，越来越多的人要站起来揭露这场”操纵选举“（操纵选举），记者是一个勇敢的爱国者。 他还写道：”人们将不会接受这次有组织的选举！“
根据NBC新闻和其他媒体报道，美国司法部长威廉·巴尔（William Barr）于周一（11月9日）向联邦检察官发布了备忘录 要求对选举欺诈指控进行调查。 当天，司法部分支机构选举犯罪部门负责人理查德·皮尔格（Richard Pilger）辞职。 巴尔授权司法部检察官在证明选举结果之前对”违反投票权的重大指控“. NBC新闻说，此举标志着美国司法部政策的变化。 此前，司法部建议检察官一般不要在选举结束或结果得到确认之前采取公开调查步骤。 据司法部官员称，司法部正在”调查“内华达州。 不合格的选民和宾夕法尼亚邮寄选票的指控。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>如何做财务援助工作？
你不一定必须是在低收入类别有资格获得财政援助。一些学生接受援助基于特殊的成就，而其他基于财政需要接受援助。需要的是什么之间它的成本上大学，什么是学生和家庭预期贡献的差异。
教育成本 - 预期家庭贡献=资格的需求为基础的财政援助
预期的家庭贡献
预期的家庭贡献，共有由联邦政府确定的家长和学生的贡献。当您提交家庭的贡献将被计算 联邦学生援助免费申请 （FAFSA）联邦处理器。
一般资格要求
为了获得联邦，州或lrsc主办的援助，学生必须努力争取在符合条件的程序的学位或证书。联邦法规有mg老虎机授予联邦援助反复类严格的规定。大多数联邦援助要求至少一半时间积极报名。其他资格要求是：
- 表明大多数项目资金需求
- 有高中文凭或普通教育发展（GED）证书
- 有一个有效的社会安全号码
- 与选择性服务注册，如果你是年龄在18和25之间的男性（使用FAFSA在线注册或在 www.sss.gov)
- 证明你是不是在默认情况下，联邦学生贷款，不上一个联邦助学金欠钱
- 证明你会使用联邦学生援助只作教育用途
国籍
接受联邦和/或国家财政援助，学生必须是美国公民，永久居民或符合条件的非公民和非居民，由联邦和各州的规定确定。
注册
为了获得联邦，州或lrsc主办的援助，学生必须努力争取在符合条件的程序的学位或证书，至少有一半时间积极报名。
- 全职：12个学分以上
- 四分之三的时间：9-11学分
- 半时间：6-8学分
- 不到半时间：1-5学分
令人满意的进展
学生必须保持 令人满意的进展 与lrsc才有资格申请财政援助。
有关学生资助的更多信息，请访问 www.studentaid.gov.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Londra: Se di recente ti sei chiesto: “Mi sento più prospero rispetto a questo periodo di dieci anni fa?” E la tua risposta è “No”, la tua risposta può essere accurata.
Infatti, secondo un indice globale che misura la salute fisica dei paesi, tra cui ricchezza, qualità della vita e soddisfazione di vita per 15 anni, la classifica dell’Australia è scesa da N. 1 nel 2008, per raggiungere la top ten solo nel 2011, al sedicesimo posto come è stato in stasi negli ultimi due anni.
L’esperienza dell’Australia è un riflesso del boom globale, che ha anche ristagnato negli ultimi due anni, un fenomeno esacerbato, se non causato dalla pandemia di COVID-19.
Indice di prosperità globale Compilato dal pensiero pro-Brexit, grazie al Legatum Institute che mira a creare un movimento globale per spostare le persone “dalla povertà alla prosperità e trasformare la società”.
Utilizzando 50.000 punti dati, valuta 167 paesi in base a dozzine di criteri tra cui sicurezza, libertà personale, governance e capitale sociale. Misura inoltre le condizioni degli investimenti e delle imprese, l’accesso al mercato delle infrastrutture, la sostenibilità nella crescita della ricchezza e le condizioni di vita, di salute, ambientali ed educative.
Scarica
Il rapporto di quest’anno ha identificato un significativo declino globale della governance, della libertà di espressione e della libertà di riunione, che è stato collegato a una debole responsabilità politica. In combinazione con l’enorme debito pubblico e gli effetti in corso della pandemia, ha contribuito a ridurre la prosperità su tutta la linea.
“Prima della risposta alla pandemia, c’è già stata una preoccupante erosione a lungo termine di molte caratteristiche essenziali delle società libere”, afferma il rapporto.
La Danimarca ha superato l’indice nel 2021 come il paese più prospero del mondo, sostituendo la Svezia che è scivolata al terzo posto dopo la Norvegia.
“Difensore dell’alcol. Zombieaholic hardcore. Incluso ad attacchi di apatia. Praticante musicale. Imprenditore pluripremiato.”<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>We’ve all heard about chemicals such as nitrates in cured meats, but have you ever really looked into the real dangers associated with regular ingestion of this preservative?
And did you know that it’s used today more to maintain the traditional pink color we are used to seeing in meats like ham, hot dogs, and bacon?
Nitrates are used in many foods, especially cured meats such as bacon, hot dogs, bologna, salami, pepperoni, corned beef, pastrami, and other deli meats such as cured ham, and turkey. The nitrites preserve the pink color, and prevent the growth of bacteria that can cause botulism.
Even though adding nitrates to cured meats is no longer necessary with better production and food storage methods, which have decreased the potential for food-borne illness, they are still used in cooked meats to maintain the familiar pink color and cured flavor.
While nitrate itself is essentially harmless, they break down over time, forming nitrites. Even nitrites themselves are sometimes added directly to meat to speed up the curing process.
When nitrates are consumed, they convert in the body to nitrites, which form nitrosamines, a known powerful carcinogen.
Eating cured meats containing nitrates may also double your risk for lung disease. Researchers in a Columbia University Medical Center study found that those eating cured meats containing nitrate more than 14 times a month nearly doubled their risk of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), including bronchitis and emphysema. than those who did not. COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the US.
Study author, David C. Park states that “The nitrate reacts with the lung tissues, cracking elastin and stiffening collagen, causing the lungs to age'”.
Children are particularly at risk with dangerous nitrite levels. These compounds have been found to be associated with cancers of the stomach, brain, bladder, and leukemia.
One study cites that children who eat more than 12 hot dogs per month have almost 10x the likelihood of developing childhood leukemia.
To be on the safe side,e people should opt for nitrate free meats that do not include sodium nitrate or potassium nitrates.
When consuming foods containing nitrates, eat in combination with foods containing vitamin C, or take vitamin C, as it limits the nitrates from converting to nitrite in your stomach.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>PFM'den PDF'ye dönüştürücü
pfm dosyalarınızı pdf'ye çevrimiçi & ücretsiz olarak dönüştürün
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Bu HDR destekleyen bir grafik dosya formatıdır. Bu uygulamalar arasında, grafik verilerini, alışverişi için kullanılır. Aynı zamanda grafik editörleri Netpbm paketi geliştirme için kullanılır. Bir PBM görüntü piksel başına RGB yapısı veya gri tonlamaları temsil için talimatlar ya sahiptir.
Taşınabilir Döküman Formatı
PDF bazı dil kullanarak, Adobe Systems tarafından tasarlanmış bir elektronik belge biçimidir PostScript sahiptir. Bu formatta, Adobe Reader'da belgeleri görüntülemek için resmi program. Çoğu zaman, PDF dosyası raster ve vektör grafik ve metin formları, JavaScript ve diğer öğe türleri yazılmış betikleri ile metnin bir kombinasyonudur.
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pdf yi seçin
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pdf'nizi indirin
Haydi dosyayı dönüştürün ve pdf dosyanızı hemen sonra indirebilirsiniz<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>دلایل اصلی بد کار کردن موتور خودرو در حالت درجا
وقتی خودرو با سرعت هرزگردی در حال کار کردن است با اینکه قدرت لازم برای به کار انداختن قطعاتی مثل پمپ آب، آلترناتور و قدرت فرمان دادن خودرو را تولید میکند. اما قدرت لازم برای حرکت دادن خودرو را ندارد. سرعت درجا کار کردن یک خودرو سواری معمولا بین ۶۰۰ تا ۱۰۰۰ دور بر دقیقه است. درجا کار کردن به صورت مناسب در یک خودرو نباید با لرزش همراه باشد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>You can find greater flamingos anywhere there are shallow, warm waters full of food. They love to congregate in swamps and brackish tidal zones.
Flamingos do everything in flocks, including eating, sleeping, and mating. Once a flamingo is born, it takes about two years to eat enough crustaceans to turn its feathers pink.
Stock Image #20200304-12465742
Rabida Island Greater Flamingo was last modified: June 2nd, 2020 by<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A superlens from silk
Scientists have come up with a novel way to make a normal microscope lens into a superlens, capable of viewing extremely small things.
Light, as we all know, behaves in very particular ways and that restricts the viewing capabilities of microscopes. But if you place a single thread of silk from an orb-weaver spider on the material you want to magnify, the laws of physics suddenly give another two or three times more magnification by showing a one-dimensional image along the length of the silk. This then allows the magnified image to be magnified again by the microscope and hey presto! A very detailed picture of a very small thing. Isn't that amazing?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sugary foods speed up decay
You’ve
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in the wise decisions we make. There is a vast difference between character and reputation. Reputation is who we are in the presence of others; character is who we are when we are alone. What we do when we are alone is who we really are. Here is where "true power" is made manifest, in the decisions that we make. A lot of corporations, organizations, as well as individuals are concerned with their reputation and therefore address diversity issues, but only because they are forced to comply or else their bottomline‹economic gains‹will be effected. Such is not the change that proceeds from character. Character-based change is where change takes place because to do otherwise would be unjust. It is one where the initiative comes, not from the ones experience injustice, but from those who have the power to implement justice and do so because they recognize the situation for what it is, and not because they have been reminded of what it is not. This type of change emerges from an understanding and practice of genuine justice.
Genuine justice is not based on fairness! In fact, a preoccupation with justice as fairness lies at the root of most problems in our society and in the world today, whether between individuals, groups or nations, and is at the center of the affirmative action debate. At the heart of "justice as fairness" lies equal treatment, which wrongly assumes everyone is the same and thus the need for "fair play," which we all learn from childhood. But socio-historical circumstances preclude equality. This is why in some track and field events, the starting blocks are staggered, so that everyone will have an equal opportunity. This is where affirmative action comes in as equitable measures‹short of restructuring society‹which seek to make for a level playing field. There are many people today in America¹s class-divided society that, because of socio-historical conditions or merely accidents of birth, find themselves on the "inside track" and don¹t always realize that circumstances are stacked in their favor, but think they are playing on a level field. When they see the starting blocks being staggered, to give those on the "outside track" an equal chance, they cry out, "unfair," "reverse discrimination," "preferential treatment," not realizing that the playing field of American society is stratified. Short of totally redesigning the playing field of socioeconomic, political structures, affirmative action becomes essential in righting societal inequities. It is based on the "principle of redress," that undeserved inequalities call for rectification. Since inequalities of birth are undeserved, these inequalities are to be somehow compensated for. Thus in order to treat all persons equally and provide genuine equality of opportunity, society must give more attention to those born into or placed in less favorable social positions. This "fair share" approach is a particularistic and not a universal action, since it is an attempt to place particular groups in the position that they would have held had there been no barriers in their paths to success.
Thus, genuine justice is based on need, not fairness. And since people¹s needs differ, due to differing socio-historical circumstances, true justice does not spring from what people deserve, but from what they need. It is not fair play but fair share. Why? Because as Oliver Wendell Holmes said, "There is no greater inequality than the equal treatment of unequals." Thus, at the heart of justice lies grace‹ unearned, unmerited, undeserved favor. Only when individuals and institutions get to this point will we begin to approximate a caring society. This requires two basic character qualities in individuals: compassion and a positive self image.
Compassion‹The Counterpart of Racism: Without compassion we will not create a caring society. Compassion is a rare commodity in the world today, especially in the business and political world. To be successful in the interconnected world of interdependence and interhuman relations of the 21st century, compassion needs to be a necessary individual and institutional character quality. Compassion is not the same as sympathy. There is a vast difference. Sympathy (meaning to sorrow with) is an emotional response of sorrow toward another being generated by pity. Whereas compassion (meaning to suffer with) is the ability to suffer with another being‹including non-humans‹with loving, caring concern, in an endeavor to alleviate suffering and remove the pain. Three couplets illustrate the difference between the two.
1. Sympathy looks down with teary-eyed pity and says, "Oh, I am so sorry." Compassion comes down with loving concern and declares, "How can I be of help?"
2. Sympathy remains in the realm of affection. Compassion always moves from affection to action.
3. Sympathy is some times motivated out of self-interest in a pious cloak. Compassion is motivated out of a genuine concern for others‹the opposite of indifference‹with no strings attached. The essence of Compassion is taking the role of the Other and viewing life from the Other¹s perspective, out of the Other¹s situation of need, as a motivation for action. Compassion is a character trait of Rescuers.
How do compassion and sympathy differ from empathy? These three concepts tend to be confused in the minds of many as similar or even the same, but they are not. They are vastly different and elicit from the respondent three different types of behaviors. These three behaviors can best be illustrated in the following manner.
1. In Sympathy there is sorrow for the Other in need. But with sorrow there is also a sense of distance, separation from the Other, an "I¹m-not-like-you" type of response. Even though there is an emotional response, the "bridge of identification" with the Other has not been crossed. There is an emotional experience of social distance. This is often the experience of Bystanders.
2. In Empathy there is not only sorrow, but also an identification with the Other in need. Here the person crosses the "bridge of identification" and enters into the emotional sphere of the Other and identifies with the pain. The Other senses and knows that identification has taken place. This is a "weeping with those who weep" kind of act.
3. In Compassion, however, there is not only sorrow and identification with the Other in need, but also an involvement in action to meet the need.
Here the response does not stop at identification, but goes one step further to take the necessary steps of action to alleviate suffering. The two-way arrow symbolizes that the action takes into consideration the wishes and, if possible, the involvement of the Other in a reciprocal process of bringing about change through empowerment. Much of what passes for compassion is often an imposition from the outside, without regard for what might be best for the Other nor for their input.
There is nothing wrong with sympathy, per se, however. There are many times when the only action a person can take is limited at a sympathetic response. There are other times when one can go further and express empathy. And there will be times when the opportunity will be there to express compassion. The problem comes when one has the ability to demonstrate compassion, but for reasons of one¹s own choosing, decides to limit the action only to sympathy or at best empathy. This is what the story of the Good Samaritan is all about‹to see oneself in the experience of the Other and move into action to change the circumstances, and not just limit one¹s efforts to a mere sympathetic or empathetic response. Compassion, thus, is an attitude, an orientation toward life, which arises out of spirituality‹that sense of interconnectedness‹and manifests itself in action.
Compassion is the opposite of racism, which is nothing but systemic indifference justified by biological/cultural differences. But like racism, it is both an attitude and an action. It is an attitude of prejudice for the Other, rather than against the Other as in racism, resulting in social caring. Such a positive attitude results in action that empowers the Other rather than depriving the Other of power and privilege. But compassion, the counterpart of racism, is only possible through spirituality. Spirituality is a state of interconnectedness with the Other‹the divine, the self, the human, the natural, or any combination thereof‹resulting in a position of security with a sense of worthful purpose. This is Holistic Spirituality, spirituality in four dimensions, where the human center‹our social self‹is interconnected with: a vertical to God, the world of the sacred; an inward to self, the world of personal well-being; a horizontal to humankind, the world of people; and a downward to nature, the world of all non-human life-forms.
A connectedness to God, however defined, is most important because from this connection springs the compassion and spirituality that connects us to the Other. Malcolm X recognized this. "I said to Harlem Street audiences that only when mankind would submit to God who created all‹only then would mankind even approach the Œpeace¹ of which so much talk could be heard‹but toward which so little action was seen." It is not without coincidence that the most disconnected people, those without attachments whether to others, to self, society or God, are the ones that often commit the worst of crimes. Racism is the result of being disconnected from the Other. Compassion is what brings us together, eliminating the racism; and spirituality is the socio-divine "glue" bonding human spirits into one common human family.
At the heart of compassion lies "respect"‹the process whereby the Other is treated with deference, courtesy and compassion in an endeavor to safeguard the integrity, dignity, value and social worth of the individual. It means treating people the way they want to be treated. This includes one¹s self, the second quality of internal transformation.
The Need For a Positive Self Image: The inside-out transformation of the Heart Model is not possible without a positive sense of self, the idea of "I¹m okay." From such an understanding emerges the follow-up idea that "you're okay." This is what Jesus meant when He declared, "Love your neighbor as yourself." How I feel about myself is a good indicator of how I feel about others. If I feel that I am superior to others‹I¹, okay, you¹re not okay‹then I will treat others as inferior to me or my group, and will behave accordingly in a manner that dehumanizes others. If, on the other hand, I feel nothing but hate for myself, this will be reflected in my attitude and actions toward others. Both actions are similar in that they emerge from a negative sense of self. Thus, people's behavior toward others is already a loud statement as to how they feel about themselves, and tells us more about them than it does about the one they despise. From this it can be seen that racism emerges from a deep psychological sense of insecurity, toward self and toward others. And the legacy can be self-destruction. The perpetrator of racism dehumanizes him or herself, for they are behaving less than humane. And the recipient of this legacy of structured hatred can end up hating themselves as a result of a socio-psychological sense of being without social value, worth, power and hope.
It should therefore come as no surprise, especially to White people, when this state of social trauma spills out in rage and violence in the streets. Nathan McCall in his autobiography, Makes Me Want to Holler: A Young Black Man In America (Random 1993), reminds us that the consequence of teaching people to hate themselves is violence to themselves, what Franz Fanon called, "horizontal violence." This violence is best expressed in the killing of another person like unto themselves as a form of killing oneself, because my "brother" is an extension of myself. The result is Black brothers killing each other. McCall says, "If my life does not matter, your life does not matter either, since neither one of us has a future." This is what Jesus meant, in that if all I feel is hatred for myself, then all I feel for you, as an extension of myself, is also hatred! Much of the racist violence in society today from all sides stems from this socio-psychological behavior.
This is why Whitney Houston was correct when she sang in her No. 1 song of 1986: "Learning to love yourself is the greatest love of all." If I don't have a healthy appreciation of self, I will not have a healthy appreciation of you. This is the universal principle that Nathan McCall learned from reading Malcolm X¹s autobiography: "that if you change your self-perception, you can change your behavior." Thus, in a real sense perception is reality.
The point of the third mode, the Heart Model, is that unity in the human family will not come about because we have restructured the institutions of society, but because our hearts have been transformed. To which Paulo Freire will immediately adds. It is an "illusion that the hearts of men and women can be transformed while the social structures which make those hearts Œsick¹ are left intact and unchanged." Thus, all three modes‹the bureaucratic, the grassroots and the heart mode‹are essential for bringing about lasting, effective change, with living diversity as the new modus operandi.
These various conceptual models to effect change are summarized in the following seven steps which enable individuals and systems to work toward the reduction of racism. I say "reduction" because human beings being what they are, the complete elimination of racism and prejudice is not possible in a society comprised of flawed human beings. This is what Karl Mannheim declared long ago. "To live consistently, in the light of Christian brotherly love, in a society which is not organized on the same principle is impossible. The individual in his personal conduct is always compelled‹in so far as he does not resort to breaking up the existing social structure‹to fall short of his own nobler motives." Nevertheless, the following seven steps are essential to lessen racism¹s impact.
STEPS TO ELIMINATE RACISM
Steps___________________ Problem Eliminated_______
1. Information Ignorance
2. Equal educational opportunity Status Inequality
3. Self-Acceptance Psychological need to feel superior
4. Noncompetitive group contact Prejudice
5. Economic parity Group competition
6. Behavior changing legislation Discrimination
7. Compassion Indifference
None of these steps by themselves will effect lasting change. All seven, however, as an embodiment of the models presented, taken together, will go a long way toward creating a caring society.
Let me conclude with a story. Malcolm X, in his autobiography, relates the experience he once had in Michigan during winter, when he decided to give himself a good conk. I don't know whether or not you know what a "conk" is, so let me explain.
We live in a society that portrays by various means what it regards as beautiful, acceptable and of value. And when it comes to hair style, what is usually conveyed is that long, flowing, straight hair is beautiful, while nappy, curly, "kinky" hair is not desirable. At least this was the value system in the 1940s, 50's and early 60's, prior to the Black Power Movement. Latinos talk of "good" hair and "bad" hair‹pelo bueno y pelo malo. I now realize that there is only one kind of bad hair, the one that keeps failing out.
Many African Americans bought the assumption that if the hair could be straightened, then one would be more acceptable by the prevailing values. African American men then made themselves stocking caps, from their mother's or wives nylon stockings, to use at night while they slept, to keep their hair from getting curly too soon. The process whereby nappy hair was straightened was called "conking," due to the special home-brew substance called "congolene." There was a saying in the ghetto that praised the value of congolene that went like this: "Naps may snap, and curls may twirl, but congolene will rule the world."
And so one mid-winter day in Flint, Michigan, Malcolm X decided to give himself a conk. He went to the grocery store and bought a couple of eggs, two medium-sized white potatoes, and a can of Red Devil lye. Then at the drug store, he got a large jar of Vaseline, a large bar of soap, a large-toothed comb and a fine-toothed comb, a rubber hose with a metal spray head, a rubber apron and a pair of gloves. He went home, peeled the potatoes, grated them, worked in the two eggs, then poured in the lye, and the congolene‹a pale-yellowish, jelly-like, starchy-looking glob‹began to get warm, due to the lye. He then took the apron, tied it high around his neck and combed up his bush of hair. Then the vaseline was worked into the scalp, down the neck, over the ears and forehead. This was the precautionary measure, for wherever the skin was not protected by the vaseline, the lye would burn in sores. The congolene was then applied to the hair and combed in. All of a sudden Malcolm's head caught fire, as the lye began to cook the hair. The idea was that "the longer you can stand it, the straighter the hair."
As the comb worked the congolene through the hair, Malcolm X says, "it felt as if it was raking my skin off." With gritted teeth, eyes watering and nose running, finally he could not take it any longer and bolted to the kitchen sink to wash it all off . . . and the pipes were frozen! The situation immediately made his scalp burn all the hotter. In desperation, Malcolm finally stuck his head in the toilet, and flush after flush after flush, he washed off all that junk. But from that toilet arose a changed man, one who realized the steps toward self-degradation and self-mutilation multitudes of African American men and women in America were willing to be "brainwashed into believing that the African American people are 'inferior'‹and white people 'superior'‹that they will even violate and mutilate their God-created bodies to try to look 'pretty' by white standards."
The life of Malcolm X (Malcolm Little, alias El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) went through three stages of change. From the pimp and hustler‹before prison; to the militant Black Muslim‹after prison, first conversion; to the world citizen‹after Mecca, second conversion. Such radical change represents what I call, "The X Factor"‹The ability to change. Malcolm thus becomes a model of what is possible in the human condition.
Manus Buthelezi, South Africa's leading Black theologian, is therefore correct in declaring: "The black man must be enabled through the interpretation and application of the Gospel to realize that blackness, like whiteness, is a good natural face cream from God and not some cosmological curse." The same can be said to Latinos, Asians, Indians, and all human beings who negate their God-given humanity. We must stop seeking to mold people after distorted human images and allow them the right to be born into the beautiful image of God, thereby bringing about a divine corrective to a dehumanized and dehumanizing world. It is then, and only then, that we will have some semblance of a chance to end prejudice and racism.
© Paul C. Gorski, 1995-2012<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The long battle between various drugs and scientific
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的费用、税收、债务均由乙方自行承担；
4、乙方不得利用上述房屋从事非法经营及任何违法犯罪活动；
5、按本协议第四条约定支付租金。
6、本协议履行期间，乙方有权以乙方的名义将鸿信大厦商业裙楼（包括本协议租赁标的物）对外招商、招租，在正常支付甲方租金的情况下，收益权归乙方所有。
7、在本协议履行期间，如甲方或乙方出售本协议约定的租赁商铺，乙方或甲方在同等条件下有优先购买权。如乙方出售商铺，甲方有权选择继续履行合同或者与他人重新签订委托租赁合同。
七、续租
租赁期满，甲方如有意续租，则乙方在同等条件下有优先续租权，但必须在租赁期满前的二个月向甲方提出书面要求。
八、合同的变更和解除
1、乙方有下列情形之一的，甲方有权解除合同；
1） 未按约定期限交付租金，超过 60 天以上的。
2） 从事非法经营及违法犯罪活动的。
2、甲方有下列情形之一的，乙方有权解除合同：
1）甲方不交付或者迟延交付租赁房屋20天以上的’。
2）在乙方未违约的情况下，甲方业主阻止乙方经营，影响乙方正常经营的
3、在租赁期限内，有下列情况之一的，双方均可变更或解除合同：
1）甲、乙双方协商一致，书面变更或解除本合同。
2）因不可抗力因素致使房屋及其附属设施严重受损，致使本合同不能继续履行的。
3）在租赁期间，乙方承租的商铺被征收、征用或被拆迁的。
九、违约责任及赔偿
1、符合本合同第八条第1、2项的约定，非违约方有权解除合同，由违约方按当年租金的200% 支付违约金，违约金从解除合同之日起算，违约金不足以弥补经济损失的，还应赔偿对方的经济损失。
2、租赁期满，乙方应如期交还该房屋，交还房屋应能保证正常经营。如乙方超过第五条第5项规定交付的，甲方有权要求乙方按当年租金的 五倍 支付违约金，违约金不足以弥补经济损失的，还应赔偿经济损失。
十、本合同未尽事宜，可经双方协商签订补充协议，补充协议与合同具有同等效力。
十一、本合同在履行中发生纠纷，应通过双方协商解决；协商不成，可诉请人民法院处理。
十二、本合同一式十三份，甲方十一份，乙方两份，自签订日起生效。
出租方（甲方）：承租方（乙方）：
代表人/代理人：
签约日期： 20xx年 7 月 22 日
房屋租赁协议 篇2
甲方：（以下简称甲方） 乙方：（以下简称乙方）
甲、乙双方经充分友协商，同意就房屋租赁事项订立本协议，以资共同遵守。
一、甲方将座落武汉市武昌区司门口解放路527号自有房租给乙方使用，租金为每月元，租期为年，由 年 月 日至 年 月 日止，本协议一经双方签字生效后，乙方应交押金人民币元给甲方，租赁终止后甲方根据本协议条款验收无误，将押金退还乙方，押金不计利息。
二、本着先付租金后使用的原则，乙方支付给甲方的租金按每____月支付一次人民币元，支付时应提前若发生与本房屋有关的产权纠纷，由甲方负责清理，并承担一切诉讼责任。
三、乙方不得以任何理由将该房屋转租、转让、转借和抵押给他（她）人使用，否则甲方有权收回房屋并终止本协议。乙方在租赁期间需对该房屋在不影响房屋结构和安全的`前提下，若对房屋进行装修或改造，需事先征得甲方和消防安全等有关部门的同意方可进行，其费用由乙方自理。在租赁期满或提前终止协议时，乙方应保持房屋使用期间原结构无损，对门窗、墙壁、吊顶地面等与房屋直接粘连的装饰不得毁坏，乙方所购设备归乙方所有。
四、乙方不得利用承租该房屋期间进行非法活动或损害公共利益。
五、乙方在租赁期间所发生的电费、水费、治安费、清洁费、门前三包费及其它所有费用由乙方承担，乙方租赁期间所发生的一切债权债务与甲方无关。
六、乙方在租赁期间，因使用不当或其它人为造成的原因，而使该房屋或他（她）人的人身和财产损失，由乙方负责赔偿和给予修复。
七、租赁期间，如因国家建设等政策性因素需要对该房屋拆迁和改造，本协议自然终止。
八、乙方拥有租赁期满后，在同等条件下有优先续租权。
九、以上条款双方共同遵守，任何一方未能履行协议条款规定，视作违约论处，另一方有权提前解除本协议，所造成的损失由责任一方承担赔偿。
十、本协议未尽事宜，甲乙双方另行议定，其补充协议经双方签字后具有同等效力。本协议一式份，甲、乙双方各执份，本协议经甲、乙双方签字后生效。
甲方（签章）：乙方（签章）：
联系电话：身份证号码：
联系电话：
年 月 日
房屋租赁协议 篇3
甲方：身份证号：
乙方：
经甲乙双方友好协商，为发展经济，甲方愿将枫林三路1480号（雷锋村招待所）二楼、三楼租赁给乙方共同经营，经双方协商，达成如下协议：
1、甲方将上述房屋租赁给乙方使用，并共同合作经营。
2、租赁期暂订5年，即从20xx年1月1日起至20xx年12月31日止。
3、甲方租赁给乙方年度租金为壹拾玖万元整（￥190000.00元）合同期内甲方不得以任何理由增加租金，如遇房屋纠纷由甲方全权负责，所造成的一切损失归甲方承担。
4、第一年租金乙方应在20xx年3月4日一次性支付壹拾玖万元整整年租金，第220.127.116.11年的租金乙方须在上一年度的’12月31日以前一次性付清。
5、租赁期间乙方须依照国家法律，合法经营，水、电等一切费用由乙方承担，承租期内乙方所产生的债权、债务与甲方无任何关系。
6、承租期内乙方因管理不善，给甲方房屋造成严重损失，经相关部门核实损失后，乙方按实负责赔偿。
7、本合同一式两份，甲乙双方各执一份，本合同未尽事宜双方可协商解决，本合同双方签字盖章生效，具有同等法律效力。 甲方： 乙方：
日期： 日期：
投资合作经营协议
甲方：身份证号： 乙方：身份证号：
房屋租赁协议 篇4
甲方：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（出租方）
乙方：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（承租方）
双方就乙方租赁甲方房屋一事，经协商达成如下协议，由双方共同遵守执行：
第一条：出租房屋的坐落位置、面积以及其他情况
1、本合同所出租房屋坐落在 ： 2、房屋的建筑面积 平方米、使用面积 平方米。
第二条：房屋租赁的期限
租赁期限为 .从 年 月 日起至 年 月 日止。
租赁期限内，如甲方出卖房屋，应提前15天通知乙方，乙方在接到通知后7天内决定是否行使优先购买权。如乙方逾期不予答复，那么视为其放弃该权利。
第三条：租金及其交纳方式
每月租金 元，大写 .
租金按月交付。合同签订后乙方应向甲方支付第一个月的租金。 以后每月 日前乙方向甲方支付下个月的租金。
第四条：押金
押金 元，大写 整。该押金用于保障房屋内的设备完好，如出现设备损坏的现象，甲方有权按照市场价格扣除相应的赔偿款。
如合同期满，乙方没有损害房屋内的设备，则甲方应该在合同期满日如数退还。
第五条：房屋修缮和装修
甲方应保证房屋符合合同约定的使用用途，保证正常的水电供应，如出现漏水、墙面自然脱落、水电无法正常供应等对乙方正常使用房屋具有影响的情形，甲方应在接到乙方通知的’ 天之内予以解决。否则乙方有权提前解除合同，并有权要求甲方支付违约金。 乙方在使用过程中，不得擅自改变房屋的结构和装修情况，否则视为违约，应向甲方支付违约金。
第六条：房屋出卖
租赁期间如甲方出卖房屋，乙方又不愿意购买，则甲方应保证乙方可以继续租赁，直至租赁期间届满。
第七条：违约责任
1、租赁期间内，乙方不得有下列行为，否则甲方有权解除合同，收回房屋，并有权依据本协议要求乙方承担违约责任。
1）擅自将房屋转租、转让、转借的；
2）利用承租房屋进行非法活动，损害公共利益的；
第八条：优先承租权
租赁期间届满后，如甲方继续出租房屋，则乙方在同等条件下享有优先承租权。如租赁期间届满后，乙方确实无法找到房屋，甲方应给予一个月的宽限期，宽限期的房租与约定的房租一样。
第九条：免责条件
因不可抗力或政府行为导致合同无法履行时，双方互补承担责任。实际租金按入住天数计算，多退少补。
第十条：争议解决的方式
合同在履行过程中如发生争议，应由双方先行友好协商；如协商不成时，可以向房屋所在地法院提起诉讼。
第十一条：合同自双方签字之日起生效。 一式三份，双方各执一份，报公安部门备案一份。
第十二条：房屋产权证复印件、甲乙方双方身份证的复印件为本合同附件。附随合同之后。
出租方： 承租方：
电话： 电话：
地址： 地址：
年 月 日 年 月 日
房屋租赁协议 篇5
优秀作文www.yuananren.com推荐！出租方：______(以下简称甲方)
身份证：_________________
承租方：______(以下简称乙方)
身份证：_________________
根据甲、乙双方在自愿、平等、互利的基础上，经协商一致，为明确双方之间的权利义务关系，就甲方将其合法拥有的房屋出租给乙方使用，乙方承租甲方房屋事宜，订立本合同。
一、房屋地址：塘南新村北区1xx年。自20xx年xx月xx日起至20xx年xx月xx日止。
2、房屋租金：每月_____元。按月付款，每月提前五天付款。另付押金_____元，共计______元。
(大写：_____万_____仟_____佰_____拾_____元整)
房屋终止，甲方验收无误后，将押金退还乙方，不计利息。
3、乙方向甲方承诺，租赁该房屋仅作为普通住房使用。
4、租赁期满，甲方有权收回出租房屋，乙方应如期交还。乙方如要求续租，则必须在租赁期满前一个月内通知甲方，经甲方同意后，重新签订租赁合同。
三、房屋修缮与使用
1、在租赁期内，甲方应保证出租房屋的使用安全。乙方应合理使用其所承租的房屋及其附属设施。如乙方因使用不当造成房屋及设施损坏的，乙方应负责修复或给予经济赔偿。
2、该房屋及所属设施的维修责任除双方在本合同及补充条款中约定外，均由甲方负责(但乙方使用不当除外)。甲方进行维修须提前七天通知乙方，乙方应积极协助配合。
3、乙方因使用需要，在不影响房屋结构的前提下，可以对房屋进行装修装饰，但其设计规模、范围、工艺、用料等方案应事先征得甲方的同意后方可施工。租赁期满后，依附于房屋的装修归甲方所有。对乙方的装修装饰部分甲方不负有修缮的义务。
四、房屋的.转让与转租
1、租赁期间，未经甲方书面同意，乙方不得擅自转租、转借承租房屋。
2、甲方同意乙方转租房屋的，应当单独订立补充协议，乙方应当依据与甲方的书面协议转租房屋。
五、乙方违约的处理规定
在租赁期内，乙方有下列行为之一的，甲方有权终止合同，收回该房屋，乙方应向甲方支付合同总租金20xx年xx月xx日至20xx年xx月xx日止。超过该租期，不足一个月按一个月计算。
4.2：在租赁合同期内，甲乙双方任何一方未经对方同意中途擅自解除合同的，应向对方支付一个月的房租作为违约金。
4.3：本合同期满时，乙方有优先续租权，但须提前_____天给予甲方书面通知，取得甲方的同意，并签订续租合同。甲方亦须在_____天前通知乙方是否变动租金。
4.4： 因洪水、地震、或政府拆迁、征用等不可抗力原因，造成双方不得不中止合同，双方不承担违约责任，按实际天数计算房租。
4.5： 在租赁期间，甲方的房屋所有权发生转移，乙方有权继续主张本合同的权利和义务，甲方及第三方不能损害乙方的权利和义务。
5：租赁条件
5.1： 乙方不得将该房屋用作公司或代表处的注册地址。
5.2：乙方不得在出租房屋内进行违反中国法律及政府对出租房屋用途有关规定的行为，否则甲方有权在书面通知乙方后收回房屋。
5.3：未经甲方书面同意，乙方不得将出租房屋转租、分租、转让、转借、联营、入股、抵押或与他人调剂交换使用，否则甲方有权终止合同并没收押金。乙方及第三方必须无条件退还出租房，且由乙方承担一切违约责任。
5.4：乙方应按时支付因租用该出租房屋而产生的有关费用，包括：水费、电费、煤气费、暖气费、存车费、电话费和有线电视收视费、物业管理费、治安管理费、税金等费用。如经甲方催促，乙方仍欠交费用，超过七天，甲方有权收回房屋，并由乙方承担一切违约责任。
5.5：因乙方使用不当或不合理使用，出租房屋及其内的设施出现损坏或发生故障，乙方应及时联络管理机构进行维修，并负担有关维修费用。若乙方拒不维修或赔偿，甲方有权代为维修，维修所需费用由乙方承担
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ید، پکن به این باور می رسد که می تواند به اقداماتش ادامه دهد بدون اینکه هیچ پیامدی متوجهش باشد.
این گروه از برندگان جایزه صلح نوبل درخواست مشابهی را ماه گذشته از باراک اوباما، رییس جمهوری آمریکا کرده بودند؛ پیش از اینکه رییس جمهوری چین به واشنگتن برود.
این برندگان جایزه صلح نوبل گفتند، وضعیت سلامت لیو ژیا در یک سال گذشته بدتر شده و وی باید برای درمان به خارج از چین برود. اگرچه دولت چین گفته که علیه این زن هیچ محدودیت حقوقی اعمال نشده اما آپارتمان محل سکونتش 24 ساعته تحت نظر است و تمام فعالیت هایش به شدت محدود شده است.
این گروه در ادامه آورده است: لیو ژیا در سال 2014 دچار حمله قلبی شد و از کمردرد، افسردگی و استرس هم رنج می برد. پزشکان هشدار داده اند که وی از مشکلات روانی نیز رنج می برد و اگر تغییری در زندگی اش ایجاد نشود، این وضعیت بدتر هم می شود.
موسس گروه مدافعان حقوق بشری "آزادی اکنون" در آمریکا گفته که اگر کامرون این مساله را جدی نگیرد و به آن توجهی نکند، درخواست گروه را علنی می کند. لیو ژیابائو 59 ساله از مخالفان دیرینه دولت پکن است که در تظاهرات دموکراسی خواهانه سال 1989 در میدان تیان آنمن شرکت کرد؛ تظاهراتی که با دخالت ارتش چین سرکوب شد. وی در 2009 به 11 سال حبس به اتهام سازماندهی درخواستی برای تاکید بر پایان دادن به حکومتی تک حزبی محکوم شد.
وی در 2010 برنده جایزه صلح نوبل شد.
شی جینپینگ در جریان سفرش به انگلیس مورد استقبال خانواده سلطنتی و رهبران پیشروی سیاسی این کشور قرار می گیرد و نخست وزیر این کشور امیدوار است که بتواند در این سفر، روابط انگلیس با چین را ارتقا بخشد.
انتهای پیام<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>余姚人物 2649次浏览
朱养心(明中后期)，又名朱志仁。浙江余姚人，迁离杭州。他精于医术，尤其擅长专门外科。据《杭州朱氏日生堂药室重兴记》所载:朱养心擅长岐黄之术，明朝襄宗天启年间(另一说于明神宗万历年间)为避战乱而迁居杭州，曾遇黄冠道士授其异方。通过对那些药方的刻苦钻研，朱养心医术水平就更为精湛。后来他在胥山一带行医治病，对贫困的患者不仅不收费而且还给以接济，深受当地百姓的尊敬。为了表示对朱养心的感激，当地百姓为他集资构造药房。正当朱养心开始营业时，那黄冠道士也前来表示祝贺，并指点在朱家的堂前汲取井水制作膏药。通过这些井水配作的膏药，据说“灵验无比”。这就是朱养心家族制作膏药的由来。朱养心遂取“日生不息"之意名其堂为“日生堂"，其药房即为“朱养心药室”。
在长期的医疗实践中，朱养心形成了以膏丹为主的外治法特色，他和他的子孙以专治跌打损伤、痈疽疮疡的膏丹为经营特色，研制成了一系列特效验方。关于朱养心当年膏药的生产方式，虽然各种史志上没有明确的记载，但是由于朱氏膏药的生产至今仍采用传统工艺操作，所以我们从现在朱养心药业的生产流程也可窥知一二。制膏药的过程大致分三个步骤。首先是配药浸泡。按昭处方配齐各种药材，并剔除其它杂物成分，对精选后的药材进行粉碎加工并置于植物油中浸泡十多个小时。其次是加温熬制。二边加热药材，一边用桑树木棍进行不断的搅拌。等到药物内褐外黄后再滤去药渣，然后直要将其熬成“滴水成珠状的膏药肉为止。膏药肉的品质好坏取决于对下铅丹的把握上。为了让油与铅充分化合，必须要按油温高低决定下铅的速度快慢。经过正确调制后的成品应是纯黑光亮，香气浓郁，贴之即平，揭之易落，而极少留下污色。第三，去毒加料。膏药肉熬成以后，还须浸泡十五至二十天左右，以去火毒，然后重新熔化，并加入冰片等一些容易挥发的细料，拌匀后按大小规格均涂于纸、布或兽皮之上。膏药的外型要求做到菊花心、铜锣边、无缺口拉丝。朱养心药房所产的外敷药，由于效果灵验、价格适中，所以每逢集市时，常常是购者如云。
朱养心的后代袭至十三、十四孙时，已是房族众多。由于缺乏专人管理，家业开始走向衰落。在共和国成立前，朱氏家族将共同管理“朱养心药室”的模式改成分房轮流管理，各房自行进货制药，轮流营业。这种方式一直延续至社会主义改造前夕为止。现在作为杭城历史最悠久的老字号药店，朱养心药业公司充分发掘朱氏秘方的药理价值，按传统古方开发了万灵五香膏、阿魏狗皮膏、阳和解凝膏、碧玉膏(童禄膏)、白玉膏(鲫鱼膏)、格子膏、头疯膏、移星膏、鸡眼膏、三仙丹、八宝珍珠散、日精月华丹(水眼药)、鹅毛管眼药及八宝神效眼药等特色药物系列。朱养心为后人所留下宝贵的精神财富，在新的历史条件下正焕发出夺目的光彩。
来源：《杭州历代名人》 作者：夏卫东<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sensory Story Time providing hands-on learning
Thursday, Nov 02, 2017 06:00 am
Providing an atypical storytime has become one of the Airdrie Public Library’s newest goals. Sensory Story Time, a program for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a six-week interactive program aiming to provide a new learning experience.
“We have bubbles, sticky tack – things that heighten the sense and give children other types of experiences other than singing and rhyming,” said Lindsey Skeen, children’s and youth service manager at the library.
According to Skeen, one in 68 children are born on the autism spectrum, thus proving the need for inclusive programming in Airdrie.
“With Airdrie having such a huge young-people population, it’s just an assumption that we have a fair number of children within Airdrie who fall on the autism spectrum,” Skeen said.
Parents, aids and siblings are all welcomed to join in on the fun. Skeen said she wanted to make the program as inclusive as possible.
“This is an opportunity to experience a library program with a neurotypical and an autistic child at the same time,” Skeen said. “A lot of the times there aren’t programs that cater to a diverse range of abilities.”
Gillian Hatto, a learning support teacher at A.E. Bowers Elementary School, and her students were invited to participate in the first six-week session of Sensory Story Time.
Hatto and a group of five students would make the 20-minute trek to the library every Monday to enjoy the new take on storytime.
“It was really inclusive for our students, creating a really warm and supportive environment that’s geared toward their level and needs,” she said.
Hatto said her students enjoyed the program and would love to come back next year. She said she hopes to see more parents and schools become involved with programs like this.
“I think it’s really important for the community to see how successful (this) is and how needed it is,” Hatto said. “Just to get these students involved helps the parents and lets them know that they are included and that they matter.”
Skeen agreed and said she hopes the program can break down barriers for parents who might be feeling overwhelmed.
“We can be that bridge for connecting parents who might feel marginalized, or they might feel that there’s a stigma about attending programs at the library,” Skeen said “We want everybody to feel welcome at the library.”
Children ages three to 10 with ASD or other types of developmental differences are welcome to join. The next six-week session starts Nov. 6. Children must be registered in order to attend, but families do not need a library card to register. For more information, visit airdriepubliclibrary.ca<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>18 yaşından küçük olduğunuz için video gizlenmiştir.
İlgili Platform Sayfamıza Git
Merry Little Batman Film Konusu
Noel arifesinde, genç Damian Wayne, Wayne Malikanesi'nde tek başına kalır. Gotham Şehri'nin karanlık sokaklarında, tatil sezonunu felakete sürüklemeye kararlı suçlular ve süper kötülerle yüzleşmek zorundadır. Bu kritik anlarda, genç Wayne, "Küçük Batman" olarak hem kendi evini hem de Gotham'ı tehlikeden korumak için savaşmaya karar verir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>پایگاه خبری فولاد ایران - سرمقاله های روزنامه های اصلی ژاپن در روز سال نو معمولاً درباره آینده خوش بین هستند. امسال نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. اما در گزارشات امسال، روزنامه های ژاپن سه خطر عمده برای سال 2022، «شکست کووید صفر» در چین، «دنیای تکنوپلار» و «ایالات متحده» را عنوان می کنند که نمی توان پیش بینی مشخصی برای هریک از این سه مورد مطرح کرد. اما به نظر، جدیترین خطر امسال «ترکیب اشتباه» در سیاستگذاری است. بهترین دفاع در برابر اجتناب از این اشتباه، داشتن یک استراتژی درست است، نه دنبال کردن موفقیت میکروسکوپی خاص. این سیستم به ویژه در مورد برخورد با روس ها، چینی ها و حتی بیماری همه گیر صادق است.
فومیو کیشیدا نخست وزیر ژاپن، در بیانیهای به مناسبت سال نو میلادی گفت که تمرکز دوبارهای در عرصه سیاست خارجی خواهد داشت و متعهد شد که سال 2022 را به سال دیپلماسی برای کشور ژاپن تبدیل کند. کیشیدا گفت: باتوجه به اینکه شرایط بینالملل پیرامون ما دشوارتر و پیچیده تر میشود، رسیدگی ماهرانه به موضوعات امنیتی و دیپلماتیک و ایجاد یک مدیریت پایدار حیاتی است.
به گزارش فولاد ایران، کیشیدا اظهار داشت وقتی کشور در مبارزه با کووید-19 پیروز شد، باید برای تحقق شکل جدیدی از سرمایه داری تلاش کند که در آن، به جای واگذاری همه چیز به بازار و رقابت، هر دو بخش دولتی و خصوصی باید با هم نقش خود را ایفا کنند.
منبع:Japan Times<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>网飞动画《终末的女武神》官方今日正式宣布：本作将推出第二季，正式上线时间待定。
除此之外，《终末的女武神》还将于10月1日起在TOKYO MX、BS11、MBS等电视台的动漫频道放送。
《终末的女武神》改编自梅村真也原作，アジチカ作画、フクイタクミ负责脚本的同名漫画作品。故事讲述1000年一次的创造主们的会议上决定让人类灭亡，也给了人类最后的机会与神进行一对一对决，如果胜利则被允许生存。于是在女武神布伦希尔德的帮助下，双方展开了决定人类存亡的13场对决。
原文链接：https://acg.gamersky.com/news/202108/1416403.shtml
本站声明:网站内容来源于网络,如有侵权,请联系我们,我们将及时处理。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Current trends like Fitbit and Apple Watch are already having a significant impact on our lives. Whether these devices are helping us be healthier or more efficient, they are all considered wearable devices, and experts are predicting a sizable boom in this market in the coming years. Here are five ways wearable devices will change personal health:
Source. Edited transcript:
Gartner Inc. has forecast that 274.6 million wearable devices will be sold worldwide in 2016. If the current market trends are any indication, then the majority of those devices will be designed to transform personal health. Here are five examples of how wearable devices will do just that:
5. Monitoring Diabetes: Researchers from the Institute for Basic Science in Seoul, South Korea, have created a dual patch to help diabetics monitor their blood glucose levels. The device replaces the need for diabetics to prick their fingers to test their blood’s glucose level. Instead, it monitors the wearer’s glucose levels by analyzing sweat. If high levels of glucose are detected, the patch releases a drug to help lower it, giving diabetics an easy, pain-free way to monitor their health.
4. Brain Wearables: EEGs or Electroencephalograms are wearable devices designed to detect and measure brain activity. They are usually deployed to measure frequencies during specific times like sleep or stressful events. These wearable devices will help doctors “read” your mind.
3. Monitoring the heart: ECGs are Electrocardiograms; these devices record electronic activity in the heart via external electrodes placed on the skin. Many also believe that in the future, the heartbeat profile of the user can be used as a biometric password through a sensor placed in a smart watch or other devices. This could do away with credit cards, keys, and tickets, providing new meaning to having a key to someone’s heart.
2. Nanosensors: Scripps Health is currently working on a nanosensor that can be injected into the bloodstream, which will provide a live glucose reading and transmit them wirelessly to a smartphone app. This is just one of the many ways that nanosensors could be deployed to monitor a person’s health.
1. Wearable Circuit Board Tattoos: Tech tats are peel-and-play biometric wearables that utilize special conductive ink and biosensors to monitor a person’s vital signs. This information can be sent to directly to a user’s smartphone or health care professional.
There is no doubt that the next major evolution of smart technology will come in the form of devices like these. However, the future of wearable device technology is dependent on the number of qualified electrical engineers available to help with development. To learn more about how you can impact the future through an exciting career in electrical engineering fill out the form below.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La vostra vita è la tela e il vostro cervello i colori.
Ora si tratta di dare a voi stessi il permesso di decidere
dove volete andare e cosa volete dipingere.
Questa è l'arte della libertà.
(Richard Bandler)
La Programmazione NeuroLinguistica (PNL) è il processo grazie al quale scopriamo come pensiamo, come comunichiamo e come agiamo e si occupa di studiare come modificare (programmazione) il modo in cui rappresentiamo le esperienze nella nostra mente (neuro) così da comunicare più efficacemente con noi stessi e con gli altri (linguistica) allo scopo di aumentare la qualità della vita.
Non è nè una filosofia nè un'ideologia e tantomeno una religione.
Si tratta, invece, di un atteggiamento e di un insieme di strumenti utili.
Alla base delle tecniche di PNL vi sono le scoperte delle neuroscienze che ci hanno mostrato come il cervello "crea" la mente attraverso processi di selezione delle informazioni provenienti dai sensi, tramite i processi di cancellazione (cervello reticente), deformazione (cervello distorcente), riempimento (cervello creativo).
Questo continuo scambio di informazioni in arrivo (segnali provenienti dai sensi) e congetture prodotte dal cervello (credenze e schemi a priori) genera quella che la PNL chiama "esperienza soggettiva": ciascuno di noi, cioè, fa esperienza della "realtà" e la rappresenta mentalmente in modo totalmente personale; viceversa, ciascun vissuto o rappresentazione mentale è per ciascuno di noi "la realtà". Non esiste un'interpretazione giusta o sbagliata, ma solo rappresentazioni mentali soggettive.
La PNL si prefigge, quindi, lo studio della struttura dell'esperienza soggettiva, allo scopo di aiutare ciascuna persona a conoscersi meglio, relativizzare il proprio punto di vista, allargare le mappe soggettive e acquisire maggiori informazioni per avere maggiore possibilità di scelta (libertà).
La Programmazione NeuroLinguistica ci aiuta, quindi, ad avere maggiore consapevolezza dei processi mentali (programmi) così da individuare alcuni ricorrenti schemi mentali o sequenze procedurali abituali (pattern) che determinano le nostre scelte. In seguito, grazie a un ventaglio di tecniche estrapolate (modellate) da professionisti e terapeuti di successo (quali Milton Erickson, Virginia
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ideali, due mesi di produzione di carne in vitro potrebbero generare 50.000 tonnellate di carne da dieci cellule muscolari di maiale.
Non solo carne
Le diverse tecniche di biologia sintetica prevedono l'uso di cellule staminali originate da tessuti animali o vegetali. Anche i produttori di latte sintetico utilizzano diverse fonti di cellule staminali, tra cui cellule staminali mammarie bovine e funghi geneticamente modificati. Utilizzando tecniche avanzate di biologia sintetica, che consentono di modificare il DNA delle cellule e di controllare la loro crescita e sviluppo in modo da creare il prodotto finale.
Attualmente, i produttori di cibo sintetico stanno lavorando su prodotti come carne, pesce, latte, uova e altri alimenti di origine animale.
Qualche esempio industriale
La Remilk progetta in Danimarca
la produzione di latte sintetico grazie al gene responsabile della produzione delle proteine del latte nelle mucche, lo mette in coltura dentro un lievito che viene poi inserito nei fermentatori, dove si moltiplica rapidamente e produce proteine del latte che vengono poi combinate con vitamine, minerali, grassi e zuccheri non animali per formare i latticini sintetici. In Germania
la società tedesca Bluu Seafood promette di ricreare in laboratorio la carne di salmone atlantico, trota iridea e carpa partendo da cellule coltivate e arricchite di proteine vegetali. Negli Stati Uniti
Nomad Foods, proprietario tra gli altri del marchio Findus Italia, ha firmato un accordo con la start-up californiana BlueNalu per studiare il lancio di pesce da colture cellulari, mentre la Wildtype di San Francisco ha raccolto capitali per 100 milioni di dollari per sviluppare un sushi da salmone coltivato in laboratorio programmando l’eventuale distribuzione tramite accordi con Snowfox, che gestisce una catena di sushi bar con 1.230 punti vendita negli Stati Uniti e con Pokéworks, che gestisce 65 ristoranti di poke, mentre in Corea del Sud la CellMeat sta lavorando sui gamberetti in provetta.
Alcune delle principali aziende che producono cibo sintetico: Impossible Foods, Beyond Meat, Memphis Meats, Mosa Meat, Just, Finless Foods e molti altri.
Investimenti privati e pubblici
Attualmente, il cibo sintetico è ancora costoso da produrre e costa più dei prodotti alimentari tradizionali. Tuttavia, molte aziende stanno cercando di trovare modi per abbassare i costi di produzione per rendere questi prodotti accessibili e convenienti. In futuro, potrebbe essere possibile trovare cibo sintetico nei supermercati e nei ristoranti di tutto il mondo.
Attualmente, ci sono numerose aziende biotech che investono nella ricerca e nello sviluppo di alimenti sintetici. Tra queste, ci sono start-up emergenti e grandi aziende del settore alimentare, che cercano di innovare e diversificare la propria offerta attratte anche dagli investimenti in crescita esponenziale nel settore, che sono passati da 6 miliardi di dollari del 2016 a 1.380 nel 2021 (fonte Good Food Institute cultivated meat and seafood, State Industry Report 2021).
Il governo degli Stati Uniti ha promosso un concorso da dieci milioni di dollari per la creazione di un centro di eccellenza in agricoltura cellulare. Il governo spagnolo ha concesso 5,2 milioni di euro all’azienda BioTech Foods, il Regno Unito ha garantito un milione di sterline alla scozzese Roslin Tecnologies, mentre l’Unione europea ha assegnato alle aziende olandesi Mosa Meat e Nutreco un finanziamento da 2 milioni di euro. L’investimento più consistente resta quello di Singapore, città-stato che importa il 90% del cibo: il governo ha stanziato 426 milioni di euro per il mercato della carne coltivata. Infine l’Autorità israeliana per l’innovazione ha annunciato nel 2021 un finanziamento di 69 milioni per quattro consorzi innovativi, uno dedicato alla carne coltivata. A giugno 2021 Horizon Europe, il principale programma di ricerca e innovazione della Ue, ha invitato invece le aziende comunitarie a presentare progetti per la ricerca sulle proteine alternative: in ballo un finanziamento da 32 milioni di euro.
Le previsioni
ll rapporto «Cultivated meat: Out of Lab, into the frying pan»
realizzato dalla società di ricerca McKinsey afferma che la carne artificiale potrebbe creare un mercato da 25 miliardi di dollari entro il 2030. Per gli analisti di AT Kearney
entro il 2040 il 35% di tutta la carne consumata verrà da cellule staminali, mentre i sostituti a base vegetale copriranno una quota di mercato pari al 25%. La carne da macello finirebbe per coprire il 40% del mercato globale.
Secondo i dati del «Good Food Institute»
oggi 107 società in 25 Paesi si stanno occupando di carne artificiale. In Europa se ne contano 29, in Italia ce n’è una sola: la start up trentina Bruno Cell. Gli investimenti nel settore hanno raggiunto 1,38 miliardi nel 2021, circa il 71% in più rispetto all’anno precedente (410 milioni di dollari). Fra gli investitori che dal 2016 hanno puntato sulla carne coltivata ci sono i tycoon del mondo tecnologico come Bill Gates, Richard Branson, Sergey Brin, Peter Thiel e Li Ka Shing, personaggi dello spettacolo come Leonardo DiCaprio, ma soprattutto giganti alimentari e dell’industria della carne come JBS, Tyson Foods, Kellogg’s e Cargill. JBS, la più grande azienda di lavorazione della carne al mondo, recentemente ha annunciato 100 milioni di investimenti nella start up spagnola «BioTech Foods» e la costruzione di uno stabilimento per la ricerca e produzione di carne in provetta in Brasile. Da parte sua invece «Future Meat Technologies», azienda biotecnologica israeliana all’avanguardia nella produzione di pollo coltivato, a dicembre 2021 ha raccolto 347 milioni di dollari di finanziamenti da parte di varie società guidate dall’americana ADM Ventures e dal gigante della carne Tyson Foods. In generale i principali investimenti sono in Nord America (701 milioni di dollari), segue il Medio Oriente (475 milioni di dollari) e l’ Europa (121 milioni di dollari).
Dal laboratorio alla tavola
Gia' negli anni Settanta scienziati statunitensi e sovietici studiavano la possibilita' di realizzare cibo in laboratorio in piena Guerra Fredda e sfida sulle missioni spaziali, ma risale agli anni Cinquanta l'idea della carne coltivata da parte dello scienziato olandese Willem van Eelen. Nel 2001 e' la Nasa che produce carne di tacchino e l'anno seguente i filetti di pesce vennero prodotti dallo NSR/Tuoro Applied BioScience Research Consortium.
Dalla conferenza stampa del 2013 del primo hamburger realizzato nei laboratori olandesi da Mark Post, direttore del Dipartimento di fisiologia dell’Università di Maastricht sono cambiate molte cose. Per ottenere quei 142 grammi ci vollero tra i 250 e i 290 mila euro. In 10 anni i costi sono crollati. A marzo 2022 l’hamburger artificiale
ha raggiunto un prezzo che oscilla tra i 9 e i 9,80 dollari «perché la scala della produzione è migliorata notevolmente, ma il prodotto resta ancora più caro di un hamburger in un negozio di alimentari o al ristorante».
Al momento il primo e unico Paese ad aver dato il via libera alla vendita è Singapore
: dal 2021, «Good Meat», sussidiaria della start up Eat Just, vende crocchette nel lussuoso ristorante «1880» di Singapore a 23 euro a piatto. In Israele il ristorante «The Kitchen» permette di consumare pollo coltivato, ma i clienti devono firmare una liberatoria, assumendosi tutti i rischi.
CHI PAGA ADUC
l’associazione non percepisce ed è contraria ai finanziamenti pubblici (anche il 5 per mille)
La sua forza economica sono iscrizioni e contributi donati da chi la ritiene utile
DONA ORA<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>جنسن باتن می خواهد سوزوکا را فراموش کند علی اختری 2016-10-19 آخرین خبرها, آمریکا, جنسن باتن فرمول یک ایران – راننده ی مک لارن جنسن باتن می خواهد در گرندپری آمریکا امیدهای تیم را زنده کند. باتن از خاطراتش در آمریکا می گوید و می خواهد با عملکرد خوب در آستین خاطرات بد سوزوکا را از بین ببرد: دوست دارم به آستین بازگردم این اواخر زمان بیشتری را در آمریکا گذرانده ام و آستین شهری با هواداران پرشو است آن ها واقعا عاشق مسابقه اند. جو شهر بسیار آرام است در آخرهفته ها در آستین معمولا نمونه هایی از غذاهای تگزاسی را تجربه می کنیم. باید ماشین را برای هر چیزی آماده کرد برای یک راننده این موضوع تفریح بسیار خوبی است و امیدوارم در این پیست نتیجه ی بهتری از سوزوکا به دست بیاوریم و بیشتر لذت ببریم. این نوشته را به اشتراک بگذارید: دیدگاه خود را بیان کنید لغو پاسخابتدا وارد شوید تا بتوانید دیدگاهتان را ثبت کنید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Passwords To Paradise
How Languages Have Re-invented World ReligionsBook - 2016
"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."
So opens the Gospel of John, an ancient text translated into almost every language, at once a compelling and beguiling metaphor for the Christian story of the Beginning. To further complicate matters, the words we read now are in any number of languages that would have been unknown or unrecognizable at the time of their composition. The gospel may have been originally dictated or written in Aramaic, but our only written source for the story is in Greek. Today, as your average American readerof the New Testament picks up his or her Bible off the shelf, the phrase as it appears has been translated from various linguistic intermediaries before its current manifestation in modern English. How to understand these words then, when so many other translators, languages, and cultures have exercised some level of influence on them?
Christian tradition is not unique in facing this problem. All religions--if they have global aspirations--have to change in order to spread their influence, and often language has been the most powerful agent thereof. Passwords to Paradise explores the effects that language difference and language conversion have wrought on the world's great faiths, spanning more than two thousand years. It is an original and intriguing perspective on the history of religion by a master linguistic historian.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mekke-i mükerreme döneminde Âdiyât Sûre-i şerif'inden sonra nâzil olmuştur. Üç Âyet-i kerime, on kelime ve kırk iki harften müteşekkildir. Kur'an-ı kerim'in en kısa Sûre-i şerif'idir.
Birinci Âyet-i kerime'de geçen ve: "Çok hayır, feyiz ve bereket" mânâsına gelen "Kevser" kelimesi bu Sûre-i şerif'e isim olmuştur. İkinci Âyet-i kerime'de kurban kesmeden söz edildiği için "Sûre-i Nahr" adıyla da anılmıştır.
Bu mübârek Sûre-i celîle'de Allah-u Teâlâ Habib-i Ekrem -sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem-ine çok hayır ve bereketler verdiğini duyurmakta, onun da namaz kılıp kurban kesmesini emir buyurmakta, düşmanlarının rezil olacaklarını müjdelemektedir.
"Kevser'i bahşeden kerim Rabb'ine o nispette şükretmek üzere ihlâslı olarak kullukla meşgul ol, sadece O'na yönel! Kâfir ve münafıkların sözlerine aldırış etme! Namaz kılmakla beraber Rabb'inin adına kurban da kes! Sana kin bağlayanların sonunun ne olacağını biz daha iyi biliriz."buyurmaktadır.
Âs bin Vâil, Kureyş kabilesi'nin Sehm kolunun reisi olup meşhur sahabî Amr bin Âs -radiyallahu anh-in babasıdır. Güçsüz ve kimsesizlere yaptığı zulümlerle tanınmıştır.
Malını satmak için Mekke'ye gelenlerden satın aldığı malın bedelini ödemezdi. Onun bu gibi haksızlıkları İslâm'ın gelişinden sonra da müslümanlara karşı devam etmiştir.
Habbab bin Eret -radiyallahu anh- kendi eliyle yaptığı kılıçlardan birkaçını ona satmış, parasını alamamıştı. Borcunu ödemek için Resulullah Aleyhisselâm'a dil uzatmasını şart koşmuş, o da: "Senin ölüp tekrar dirildiğini görmedikçe bu işi yapmam!" diye cevap verince Âs: "O halde ödeşmemiz ahirete kalsın. O gün benim malım ve evlâdım olacak, o zaman öderim." diyerek alay etmişti.
Kur'an-ı kerim'de "Ebter" diye vasıflandırılan da odur.
Müşrikler Resulullah Aleyhisselâm'ın Kalb-i Nebevî'lerini rencide edecek sözler söylemekten çekinmezlerdi.
Oğlu Kasım vefat ettiğinde Âs bin Vâil: "Bırakın şu nesli kesilmişi! Artık ölümünden sonra adını anan bulunmayacak." demişti. Bunun üzerine hakkında Kevser Sûre-i şerif'i nâzil olmuş, Allah-u Teâlâ yüce Peygamber'ini tesellî etmiştir.
Dine karşı direniş ve tepkilerini ömür boyu sürdüren Âs, merkebi ile Tâif'e giderken ayağının ayasına diken battı. Dikeni bulamadılar. Bacağı devenin boynu gibi şişti, yerinden kıpırdayamaz hâle geldi. Hicretten birkaç ay önce iniltiler içinde kıvrana kıvrana ve bağıra bağıra ölüp gitti.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Roaring refers to a condition that greatly reduces a horse’s airflow during exercise.
- Partial blocking of the airway causes a “roar” sound, low tolerance for exercise and difficulty breathing after exercise.
- Surgery may improve the performance of roaring horses.
What is roaring?
Roaring (laryngeal hemiplegia) is a condition in horses that greatly reduces their airflow during exercise. Affected horses make a “roar” sound under work. Damage or breakdown of the laryngeal nerve causes roaring.
The term laryngeal hemiplegia means paralysis of half of the larynx. The larynx closes when horses swallow food and opens to provide maximum airflow. Paralysis in the larynx reduces the amount of oxygen a horse can inhale during work. Usually, affected horses can’t tolerate exercise.
Roaring is more common in racehorses and other performance horses.
Signs of roaring
“Roar” or whistling noise heard during exercise.
Low and decreasing tolerance for exercise.
Difficulty breathing during or after exercise.
Veterinarians may diagnose roaring by the following methods:
Standing or working endoscopy
The severity of roaring is graded on a scale of 1 to 4, with 4 being the most severe.
A tieback procedure (laryngoplasty) can restore the upper airway to a more normal size. In this procedure, surgeons tie back the paralyzed part of the larynx.
Often, veterinarians also remove small sacs in the larynx that also cause noise.
Horses often remain in the hospital for 48 hours to receive antibiotics and pain relievers. An 8-week period of stall rest and walking follows this.
About 70 percent of racehorses have improved performance after surgery. Surgery may improve performance in over 70 percent of dressage horses.
Reviewed in 2021<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Despite how they’re often treated, young people in the foster care system are powerful beyond measure. Even though they rarely have significant and meaningful opportunities to share their concerns and ideas or make meaningful decisions about the systems that control their lives, youth and foster care often need each other. Transforming foster care by empowering children and youth in foster care is absolutely vital. Rather than focusing on speaking for children and youth or doing things to children and youth, the foster care system should take action with young people to improve the system and outcomes.
Don’t try to silence me or my thoughts on being adopted. I have a voice, and everything I say is the truth and valid. I have been through it, therefore, I know. This is my story. — Source unknown
Ways Youth can Change the World through Foster Care
Youth as Decision-Makers — Young people in foster care should have substantial opportunities to make decisions for themselves. Adults should teach children and youth healthy and successful decision-making skills, and facilitate decision-making for every children and youth in foster care to experience personal, group and systemic decision-making, too.
Youth Evaluation — Positioning youth
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more widespread hazard to aviation are possible, but are less likely and occur less frequently.
Aviation codes are green, yellow, orange or red. When there is insufficient ground instrumentation to establish that a volcano is at a typical background level of activity, it is simply “unassigned”. While green signifies typical activity associated with a non-eruptive state, yellow signifies that a volcano is showing signs of elevated unrest above known background levels. When a volcano shows increased or increasing unrest with increased potential for eruption, it turns orange. Finally, when an eruption is imminent with a significant emission of volcanic ash expected in the atmosphere or an eruption is in progress with a significant emission of volcanic ash in the atmosphere, the code turns red.
Volcanic activity alert levels are normal, advisory, watch or warning. As with aviation codes, if the data is insufficient, it is simply labeled as “unassigned”. When the volcano is at typical background activity in a non-eruptive state, it is considered normal. If the volcano shows signs of elevated unrest above background, an advisory like the one currently in effect for Cleveland is issued. If a volcano exhibits increased or increasing unrest, a watch is issued while a warning is issued when a dangerous eruption is imminent.
Cleveland explosions typically produce relatively small volcanic ash clouds that dissipate within hours; however, larger ash emissions are possible, especially if the stratovolcano experiences a full eruption. Stratovolcanoes have relatively steep sides and are more cone-shaped than shield volcanoes. Unlike flatter shield volcanoes found in Hawaii, in a stratovolcano like Cleveland, lava accumulates around the vent forming a steep-sided volcano. Stratovolcanoes are more likely to produce explosive eruptions due to the buildup of gas in the viscous magma inside<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>LESSER WRITINGS WITH THERAPEUTIC HINTS By E.A. Farrington, M.D.
The Art of Medicine claims great antiquity, but the Science of Medicine yet awaits a discoverer.
More than a century ago, Hahnemann’s labors initiated the genuine art of medicine. But not one of his theories has ever stood the test of experience. What he stated as facts stand as firmly now as when they were promulgated. But Science, defined as knowledge “methodically digested and arranged” was never aided by his theories. Where has he consistently explained the law of cure? Was his psoric theory scientific? True, the facts announced in his Organon as to the way to treat the sick, how to select and change the remedy, to make provings, etc., are undoubtedly correct. Equally true is it that remedies acting from within out, from more to less vital parts, will be most likely indicated in chronic diseases. But his itch hypothesis is readily disproved.
The same applies to all subsequent attempts at establishing Homoeopathy as a Science.
What is this? It is because Homoeopathy is not a science? No. It is because genuine Science does not appear at the the present day. It is because investigators are plunging more and more deeply into materialism.
Darwin’s inexcusable offence does not consist in his promulgation of the absurd theory of the origin of man, but rather in the anti-spiritual direction of his whole line of study. With an utter contempt of revelation, he manufactures the moral sense of men out of the necessities of their living together peacefully. And yet we know that true morality springs not from man but from heaven.
But Darwin is not an isolated example of falsity in Science. Huxley and Tyndall, Proctor, and indeed the entire crops of investigators from A to Z, turn their conceited minds earthward only, and so learn nothing of higher import than what appertains to the plan of their senses.
Now the same pall overhangs Homoeopathy. Hahnemann did not belong to the materialistic school. To him the plant or root from which he made his tincture was not inert matter alone, but contained a living principle which was not Nature but life. He knew that he was dealing with forces which transcended his natural senses, except in so far as their activities were displayed in their working through matter. Hence his studies led him to the process of potentization of drugs. These are not claimed as spirit. We cannot escape from matter while we are in this world. So his method did nothing but rid spiritual forces of weighty matter, allowing them to act in the finest particles of matter only. Thus disinthralled, his remedies were free to act above the crude laws of physics, independent of gravity and of Chemistry, but still within the bounds of matter.
We are gifted with remedies then which obey laws new to the physician. Their subtle movements are marvellous to him who has been accustomed to the more superficial phenomena of Philosophy Chemistry, etc. He was wont to investigate drug action from his standpoint. He saw in a very general way, that certain medicines influenced certain functions or organs, and so constructed, a chemico-physiological Materia Medica; one full of fallacies, because even what of truth it contained was prevented by misapplication.
The danger which threatens our system of medicine lies in the fact that we are being dragged into materialism. We are so wedded to Allopathy that we cling with obstinacy to her false and crude notions. We seem to think that Homoeopathy rests on Allopathy as does a house on its foundation; and when we feel insecure in the superstructure, we descend to the cellar for aid. There is not one single truth in Allopathy perse. If there is, then just to that degree is our school false; for the two are diametrically opposite.
But, it may be asked, is there no truth in pathology and diagnosis, in the physiological investigation of drug effects, etc.? Emphatically no, as sciences.
To, clearly apprehend the truth of this statement, we must acquaint ourselves with the genuine doctrine of order in Nature.
Generals are formed of particulars, the latter being incomparably the most important.
Take, by way of illustration, the human body. In a very general analysis, it is composed of organs. Each organ is made up of tissues. Each tissue is divisible into molecules. Beginning with a single organ, as for instance, a muscle, we find it composed of fibres, these of fibrillae, and each fibrilla of smaller parts. As we pursue our analysis, we still find each microscopic portion a minute effigy of the whole. But just as in the potentized medicine so here the properties of the muscle are discovered much more clearly, and are seen to be numerous and quite different from what the undivided muscle would exhibit. We are accumulating particulars, and find them more and more complex as we advance.
The same applies to the practice of medicine. It is not alone sufficient to learn the general range of action of a drug or an outline of a disease, but also and pre-eminently the peculiarities of each. These when discovered so far outweigh the rest, that they must be used in every accurate prescription.
Pathology, as dogmatically taught, is not true. Arbitrary boundaries are given to diseases, and this artificial production is definitely named. Such a process of thought is too general to be practical and too superficial to escape the fallacies of appearances. A synthesis is correct only when its component elements are. Baptisia develops a picture of Typhus; Arsenic of Cholera Asiatica; Bryonia produces pseudo-membranes, etc; but unless analysis reveals the individual symptoms in these cases respectively, the conclusion is vague and uncertain.
Objection, it will be seen, is not raised against pathological facts, many of which are true, but to the manner of their construction into a science.
Such facts enable us to interpret symptoms, and place some estimate on their relative value. They aid in the forming of the “totality”, They assist in forming a prognosis. That they only assist, however, is because the course of a disease, subsequent to Homoeopathic prescription, is not the unqualified course it would pursue unmodified. A Typhoid patient, for example, might exhibit an unmitigated fever, with evening exacerbation, bloody stools and tympany. But if, after the similimum, the mental symptoms lessen, or the latest becomes less intense, our prognosis is qualified thereby, despite the gravity of the remaining symptoms.
Schussler’s offence does not consist in understanding Physiology and Pathology, but in dragging them into therapeutics and in recklessly misapplying them. Had he, at the suggestion of Physiology, proved his twelve remedies, he would have acted rationally and effectively.
All medical questions find confirmation or refutation before the test of the laws of the Organon, not before Allopathic hypotheses or Homoeopathic adoptions from the old school. Indeed we may go farther and assert that Physiology itself must be tried before the same tribunal; for is not living power superior to the lifeless disclosures of the dissecting-knife or the torture-born phenomena of vivisection?
That Pathology as at present taught is arbitrary is quite evident. A child suffering from Membranous Group received by the advice of the consulting physician, belladonna. To the astonishment of the attending doctor the laryngeal spasms ceased, and the child rapidly recovered.
Now, in the language of Pathology, Croup is an inflammatory affection attended with the formation of a pseudomembrane. Transferring this definition to therapeutics we must prescribe a drug which causes a false membrane. Teste says the Bryonia: Baehr and Kafka, Iodine, because of their pathological relation. But such teachers are just the drags who would tie us to Allopathy. The attending physician in the case quoted agreed with them, and but for the genuine prescription of counsel the little sufferer would have fallen a victim to their eclecticism.
It is true that there was a pathological condition in which the Belladonna state closed, namely, the spasm of the glottis; but this state was not determinable from the arbitrary study of Croup but from the analytical study of the individual case. Thus was formed a correct synthesis.
It is not so that our first duty is to our patient. Our first duty is to the truth, which, when loyally served, best enables us to do the greatest good the sick.
We must learn the undiscovered rules that regulate the profound workings of our potentized drugs. We must extend our knowledge of the relations of remedies. We must study Physiology from our new standpoint.
To aid us in our labors, to at least start us in the right direction, we must rationally comprehend and apply the rules which Hahnemann has left us.
This unwholesome fidelity to the researches of the old school is the legitimate result of materialism, which believes only in the tangible. It obscures thought and throws doubt over all interior mental operations.
So long as we keep our minds bound to the vague generalization of the Allopaths, we will never advance one step forward, and will sooner or later utterly discard what has already been taught in the Organon.
The only hope for genuine medicine is in the unprejudiced investigation of high potencies. It is in their study that we shall find the complex phenomena of diseased processes phenomena which will show Pathology as now taught to be a tissue of fallacies, however true are its disjointed facts.
Until our united efforts tend in this direction, we need not hope for the establishment of Homoeopathy as a perfect art, much less as an exact science.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>sert duman ne demek?
Bu onların cinsel olarak uyarıldığı anlamına gelir . Penis sertleşir ve sertleşir . Bu durumda, bazıları mizahi olan birçok şeye denir. Ben “odunsu” olsa da daha sık sert -On olarak adlandırılır gibi. Gerçekten gelmek varsa, uyandırdı modundan çiş moduna geçiş için teknikler vardır.
Ayrıca, birisi tüm dumanı istiyorum dediğinde ne anlama gelir? Atletlerin çöp konuşmasında kullandığı deyim sayesinde, tüm dumanın en sık takımınızın herhangi bir meydan okuyucuyu üstlenmeye hazır olduğu anlamına gelmesini istiyoruz. “Gidelim!” demekle aynı şey. Takım suçlu. Bütün dumanı istiyoruz .
Buna göre, duman argosu ne işe yarar?
Duman , yanan bir şeyden çıkan buluttur veya sigara veya tütünün kullanıldığı bir süre boyunca argo . Duman bir örneği, bir sigara fırsat.
A sıfatı zor mu?
Hard hem bir sıfat hem de bir zarftır. Zarf olduğunda, 'çok fazla fiziksel veya zihinsel çabaya ihtiyaç duymak veya kullanmak' anlamına gelir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Le buone idee non compaiono in un unico posto nell'azienda, ma sono favorite dalla condivisione orizzontale tra i vari settori.
Un'invenzione è spesso il risultato dell'associazione di concetti già esistenti. Johannes Gutenberg non avrebbe di certo inventato la stampa se non avesse pensato di utilizzare il meccanismo di un torchio per trasferire del testo sulla carta, con caratteri di piombo. Larry Page e Sergueï Brin forse non avrebbero potuto sviluppare l'algoritmo dietro il motore di ricerca Google se non fossero stati ispirati da un sistema utilizzato per trovare gli articoli accademici (più questi avevano citazioni su altri articoli, più il loro "valore assegnato" aumentava e più si trovavano in alto nei risultati della ricerca).
Innovare ogni settore
La creatività nasce spesso dalla mescolanza di più generi. Quando un concetto viene trapiantato in un altro habitat rispetto a quello in cui è comparso, gli si trovano nuovi usi, viene perfezionato o si fanno emergere altre idee che si ispirano ad esso. Questa condivisione "orizzontale" implica che non ci si deve limitare ad incoraggiare l'innovazione in un'unica parte dell'azienda - come la ricerca e lo sviluppo - ma bisogna cercare di promuoverla in tutti i suoi settori.
Ad esempio, la società americana 3M, nota per essere una delle più creative al mondo in termini d'innovazione, organizza ogni anno un "Tech Forum" in cui scienziati provenienti da unità diverse dell'azienda possono incontrarsi e scambiare informazioni sulle ultime scoperte dei loro laboratori. Anche Google organizza una conferenza annuale chiamata "Crazy Search Ideas". 3M arriva addirittura ad organizzare delle rotazioni tra gli ingegneri che cambiano unità nell'azienda a intervalli regolari.
Trasferimento di idee tra i vari settori
Grazie a queste condivisioni orizzontali i dipendenti cominciano a prendere in considerazione le informazioni che prima consideravano banali o ad immaginare analogie tra settori senza legami apparenti. In questo modo, uno degli ingegneri di 3M si è ispirato alla colla trasparente del nastro adesivo - un'innovazione della società del Minnesota che risale al 1925 - per inventare la tecnologia del touch screen utilizzata oggi sugli smartphone. La colla serve a fissare sullo schermo una superficie di vetro caricata elettricamente.
Fonti: Imagine: How Creativity Works, Jonah Lehrer, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Apollodorus (əpŏlˌōdôrˈəs) [key], fl. 430–400 B.C., Athenian painter, called the Shadower, said to have introduced the use of light and shade to model form. Among his few known works are Ajax Struck by Lightning and Priest in the Act of Devotion; both were at Pergamum in the time of Pliny the Elder; none has survived.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Connor Nagel, a sophomore chemistry major, thinks he has a liberal take on swearing but that there is a time and place for it.
“I think it’s sort of the same way it goes with a job; you’re not supposed to do that in a public area,” Nagel said. “It’s always kind of been taboo.”
For Associate Professor Stephen Crowley of the Philosophy Department, swearing is just a part of life.
“I come from a culture where there is more cussing,” Crowley said.
Being raised in Australia and having spent time in Europe, swearing sounds normal to Crowley.
“My basic view is that Idahoans must be the politest, ‘non-swearingest’ folk I know,” Crowley said.
Though when Crowley hears cursing in the classroom, he has a different
“You have to first make sure that it hasn’t bent anyone else out of shape, because that’s really bad,” Crowley said.
Crowley noted that learning is something people won’t respond to if they are stressed. So when a classroom setting is stressful for students they won’t receive and retain the new information as well as they would if the classroom setting was comfortable.
“Swearing means that everyone is feeling really comfortable,” Crowley said. “Comfortable people are engaged people.”
Crowley noted that this isn’t always the case.
“On the other hand, cursing can sometimes make stress, which means the learning environment is down the tubes,”
So when students are cursing in the classroom, Crowley evaluates the scenario to decide how to respond.
“This is either really good or really bad,” Crowley said. “I have to work out which one it is fast.”
Crowley judges the reaction of the class to cursing by acknowledging everyone’s body language. Students are used to figuring out what people are thinking by studying their facial and vocal expressions.
“And, like anything, it works better in a group of six or 15 than it does in a group of 35,” Crowley said.
Niether Crowley nor Brian Kierland, associate professor of philosophy, address cursing specifically in their syllabi, but they have never had a problem with it, so they see no need to change it.
In Kierland’s syllabus, however, he has a guideline that says, “do your part in maintaining a learning friendly classroom,” which he believes covers any potential issue that could arise from cursing.
“I would expect that at some point it (cursing) would start to offend some other students,” Kierland said. “I don’t think anything is really gained by the cursing and it would distract other students so I would ask them to tone it down.”
Laura Winslow, sophomore marketing major, thinks swearing comes off as unintelligent, though it doesn’t offend her.
“We’re all 20-something year olds; we’ve heard a couple swear words here and there,” Winslow said.
Winslow adds that cursing in the classroom has never even crossed
“I just generally don’t cuss,” Winslow said.
Though neither Kierland nor Crowley have ever had severe issues with students cursing in their classroom, sophomore Travis Scranton, a business marketing
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data are consistent regarding the higher rate during the latter period. It is likely that similarly high rates occurred between 1920 and 1950.
As with some of the other segments of the programme, an emotional piece of film is shown, this time of the tiny Isle de Jean Charles in the Mississippi delta, which is disappearing under the waves.
In fact it has never been more than a few inches above sea level, and most of the problem lies with land subsidence and coastal erosion caused by activities such as dredging of canals and logging.
To equate the problems faced by the isle with general sea level rise elsewhere is utterly dishonest.
Finally Attenborough gets on to corals, and makes this astonishing statement:
‘In the last three years, repeated heat stress has caused a third of the world’s corals to first bleach, and then die.’
There is absolutely no evidence for this, and I have not even seen that claimed about the Great Barrier Reef.
And as we now know, the death of GBR corals was drastically overstated. Indeed, as scientists such as Peter Ridd and local reef experts have long maintained, corals quickly recover from bleaching, which was just as bad in the 18th century.
One of the features of the programme is the insertion of personalised, emotional film sequences – bats dying from heat in Australia, father and son escaping from wildfire in California, and the Isle de Jean Charles.
They are clearly designed to bring home to viewers the real effects of climate change, and make them feel guilty. At one point, the interviewee even says, ‘We have got to do something’.
Unfortunately, the facts don’t agree. Maybe the programme would better have been called Climate Change – The Myths.
This first part of the programme focuses on the effects so far of climate change. In Part II, I will look at what the future holds and what Attenborough tells us we can do about it.
This article first appeared in Not A Lot of People Know That on April 19, 2019, and is republished by kind permission.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Insinuazione del credito artigiano con privilegio generale
Non è sufficiente l’iscrizione all’Albo degli artigiani, ma è necessario che il lavoro sia preminente al capitale o l’apporto professionale sia qualificante
Con sentenza n. 22379, depositata ieri, la Cassazione stabilisce che, ai fini dell’insinuazione al passivo fallimentare, l’iscrizione all’Albo delle imprese artigiane di cui all’art. 5 della L. 443/85 non è condizione sufficiente affinché il credito “artigiano” goda del privilegio generale di cui all’art. 2751-bis c.c.
Nel caso di specie, il tribunale rigettava l’opposizione formulata dal creditore avverso il provvedimento del giudice delegato che escludeva la natura privilegiata del credito ex art. 2751-bis n. 5 c.c. da insinuare al passivo fallimentare. Rilevava, in particolare, il tribunale che non poteva considerarsi dirimente il dato dell’iscrizione dell’opponente all’Albo delle imprese artigiane ed inoltre che nell’attività...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>درباره کتاب بوطیقای سهگانی و مسائل آن
سهگانی یک قالب شعری است که از سه مصراع یا سه سطر پدید میآید و در پایان آن، ضربه ذهنی میخورد. سهگانی در سه شاخهی نیمایی ، سپید و کلاسیک سروده میشود و این امر در کنار امکان کاربرد وزن دلخواه، آزادی عمل مطلوبی برای سهگانی پرداز فراهم میکند.
بخشی از کتاب بوطیقای سهگانی و مسائل آن
پیشگفتارسه گانی از نهم خردادماه سال ۱۳۸۹ در فضای مجازی به عرصه ی شعر فارسی گام نهاد و تاکنون، هم رشد کمی وکیفی چشمگیری داشته است و هم توجّه صدها شاعر و هزاران مخاطب را برانگیخته است. در این مدت راضی به چاپ سه گانی هایم و مبانی نظری آنها نشدم، زیرا هنوز پختگی این کارها را در حدّ کتاب نمی دیدم. خوشبختانه اکنون کارها را در حدّی برآورد می کنم که آغازی برای گام های بلندتر باشند و بی گمان همراهی ها و همرایی های شاعران سه گانی پرداز که از نخستین هفته های ظهور سه گانی بدان روی آوردند، زمینه های این پیشرفت را فراهم ساخته است. همیشه گفته ام فرق میان دوره ی ما و دوره ی نیما بالا رفتن آگاهی جامعه ی ادبی است که به کمک سه گانی آمد و آن را زیر پر و بال گرفت و پرورش و پرواز داد. خوشحالم چندان شکیبایی ورزیدم که هم زمان با بوطیقای سه گانی و نخستین مجموعه از سه گانی های بنده، هم یک گلچین از سه گانی های سه گانی پردازان منتشر می شود و هم سه مجموعه از سه گانی های سه سه گانی پرداز توانا، محمدشریف سعیدی، دکتر بهادر باقری و بابک حسین زاده برجویی.
نکته ی گفتنی درباره ی این پنج سال، نوجویی های نسل جدید شاعران فارسی زبان افغانستان است که از گرایش آنان به سه گانی پردازی برمی آید و محمدشریف سعیدی ایشان را نمایندگی می کند. همچنین نمایندگی دکتر بهادر باقری از نسل جدید شاعران دانشگاهی و نمایندگی بابک حسین زاده برجویی از نسل جدید شاعران بخش های دیگر، مکمّل این زنجیره اند. درکل، انتشار مجموعه ی سه گانی های این سه شاعر نشان از نفوذ سه گانی در همه ی لایه های جامعه ی ادبی ما دارد و من کوشیده ام حلقه ی اتصالی برای این لایه ها باشم.
کتاب حاضر نخستین کتاب از دوره ی «سه گانی» است که شمار کتاب های آن فعلاً شش کتاب بیشتر نیست و انتشارات «گفتمان اندیشه ی معاصر»، چاپ آنها را بر عهده گرفته است. این کتاب از دو فصل با عناوین «بوطیقای سه گانی» و «مسائل سه گانی» پدید آمده است. همچنین فصل دوم، از شش بخش با عناوین «یادداشت ها»، «دیدگاه ها»، «انتقادها»، «گفتگوها»، «شعرها» و «جمله ها» تشکیل شده است. در ادامه ، این فصل ها و بخش ها را اجمالاً معرفی می کنم.
بوطیقای سه گانی، همراه با نمونه ها از همان خردادماه سال ۱۳۸۹ به طور جسته و گریخته با عناوین جزئی در فضای مجازی منتشر شد و سپس در بهمن ماه ۱۳۹۱ با عنوان «مبانی سه گانی» تنظیم و تالیف گردید و یکجا در همان فضا انتشار یافت و آنگاه در اردیبهشت ماه ۱۳۹۳ با عنوان «بوطیقای سه گانی» تکمیل و اصلاح گشت و باز یکجا در همان فضا انتشار پذیرفت. اکنون ویراست نهایی آن را تقدیم می کنم. لازم است بگویم که در سیر تکاملی مبانی نظری سه گانی تا رسیدن به این ویراست، گهگاه از مشاوره های نوشتاری روح الله بهرامیان، پاییز رحیمی و حجت الله کرمی بهره جسته ام. روح الله بهرامیان، شاعر و منتقد افغانستانی، نخستین نوشتارها را راجع به سه گانی نوشت و در روزنامه های افغانستان انتشار داد و این واقعیت، حاکی از همان نوجویی های نسل جدید شاعران فارسی زبان افغانستان است.
ناگفته نماند، هرچند در یکم دی ماه ۱۳۸۹ بر پایه ی «سه گانی»، قالب مکمّل «سه پاره» نیز پدید آمد که ویژگی ها و نمونه اش پایان بخش بوطیقای سه گانی است و چندین شاعر هم به پیروی از آن پرداخته اند، بنا ندارم طی این کتاب درباره ی آن مطلب بیشتری بیاورم، چون این کار طول می برد و یک کتاب جداگانه می طلبد. امیدوارم بعدها فرصت چنین کاری دست دهد.
در فصل مسائل سه گانی، بخش یادداشت ها، شامل مجموعه ای از نوشتارهای کوتاه و بلند نگارنده راجع به مسائل جنبی سه گانی است. در این بخش کوشیده ام به پرسش های احتمالی پیرامون سه گانی پاسخ گویم.
اما بخش انتقادها، به گزیده ای از جرّوبحث های ژورنالیستی درباره ی سه گانی اختصاص یافته است. فواید فنّی و تاریخی این جرّوبحث ها سبب شد تا نگارنده به چاپ آنها ضمن این کتاب اقدام کند. خواهید دید که هرز رفتن اوقات بر سر چنین جرّوبحث هایی چندان بی فایده نیز نبوده است.
و اما از همان ماه های آغازین ظهور سه گانی و همگام با عرضه ی تدریجی آثار عملی و مبانی نظری این نوع شعر، شاعران و منتقدان، دیدگاه هایی درباره ی آن نشر دادند. بخش دوم از فصل دوم کتاب، به گزیده ی دیدگاه های مذکور اختصاص دارد. هرچند گردآوری این دیدگاه ها در این بخش به معنای تایید همه ی آنها نیست، مواد خام سودمندی برای تحلیل پیش روی محققان می گذارند. چینش چنین دیدگاه هایی طبق تاریخ انتشارشان صورت گرفته است. بیشتر آنها منبع اینترنتی شخصی دارند و ذکر این منابع چندان درخور نبود، مگر آنجا که دیدگاه از جهتی نیاز به استناد، یا منبع چاپی داشت.
همچنین بخش «گفتگوها»، شامل گفتگوهایی درباره ی سه گانی است. سه گفتگو از گفتگوهای نگارنده در این باره به دلیل نکات خاص شان، مفیدتر بود که ضمن این بخش آمده اند.
سرانجام دو بخش پایانی، به گزیده ای از شعرهای سه گانی پردازان با مضمون سه گانی و کلمات قصار آنان راجع به آن اختصاص پذیرفته است. بیشتر شعرها در قالب سه گانی و گاهی هم در قالب دوبیتی یا رباعی است. شعرهایی را که برای نگارنده سروده شده بود، از این گردونه خارج کردم، مگر دو سه مورد که نکته ای فنّی یا تاریخی داشتند.
نکته ی قابل توجّه درباره ی بخش «گفتگوها»، نشان دادن سیر تکاملی دیدگاه های نگارنده راجع به سه گانی است و ازاین رو برای نمونه طی گفتگوی اول، هنوز دیدگاهم راجع به فرم های بیرونی سه گانی سپید، کاملاً روشن نیست، حال آن که طی گفتگوی سوم، دیدگاه روشن تری راجع به این موضوع دارم. افزون بر این، پاره ای نمونه های به دست داده شده از سه گانی های بنده طی هر دو فصل کتاب، به دلایل فعلاً ذوقی، در نخستین مجموعه ی سه گانی هایم نیامده اند و شاید روزی روزگاری تصمیم گرفتم آنها یا یک تعداد از آنها را با عنوانی مناسب، جمع و منتشر کنم. ناگفته نماند، همه ی شعرهایی که بدون نام شاعر در جای جای این کتاب وجود دارد، از نگارنده است.
باری، ماجرای تصنیف و تالیف کتاب حاضر، تقریباً ماجرای از هیچ چیز، همه چیز پدید آوردن بود و لذا امیدوارم صاحب نظران بر کمبودهای احتمالی آن به نظر پاک خطاپوش و در تکمیل مباحث آن با دید یار غمخوار بنگرند.
علیرضا فولادی
نهم تیرماه ۱۳۹۴
فصل یکم
بوطیقای سه گانی
تعریف سه گانیسه گانی یک قالب شعری است که از سه مصراع یا سه سطر پدید می آید و در پایان آن، ضربه ی ذهنی می خورد:
آسمان با دل تنگم گریان؛
روی چترم باران،
زیر چترم باران.
از میان ویژگی های بنیادین سه گانی، دو ویژگی «کوتاه» بودن و «سه لَختی» بودن، به ترتیب، کمّیت هندسی و عددی سه گانی را می سازند و با یکدیگر، بنیاد «فرم مکانیک» آن را تشکیل می دهند؛ همچنین دو ویژگی «بسته» بودن و «کوبشی» بودن، به ترتیب، کیفیت هارمونیک(۱)و ریتمیک(۲)سه گانی را می سازند و با هم، بنیاد «فرم ارگانیک» آن را تشکیل می دهند. در یک سه گانی، وجود همه ی این چهار ویژگی به طور همزمان، ضرورت دارد و این بدان معناست که تنها وجود ویژگی «سه لَختی» بودن، سهگانی پدید نمی آورد.
اکنون به توضیح این ویژگی ها می پردازیم:
۱. کوتاه
ناگفته نماند که مسئله ی ایرانی بودن در اینجا به همخوانی هنجارهای شعری با ساختار ذهن و زبان ایرانیان بازمی گردد و از این چشم انداز، هر هنجاری که با این ساختار دمخور نباشد، مورد پذیرش قرار نمی گیرد؛ چنان که هنوز هایکو مورد قبول عامه ی جماعت شعرخوان ما نیست و کار بر روی آن مانند این است که بخواهیم کباب کوبیده را به جای گوشت، با نیلوفرهای آبی بپزیم.
حال جا دارد بیفزاییم که شعر کوتاه به طور کلی با سه مشخّصه ی زیرقابل شناسایی است:
الف) از جهت فرم بیرونی، امکانات محدودی دارد، چنان که دوبیتی و رباعی، یک وزن با چهار مصراع و یکی- دو طرح قافیه را بیشتر برنمی تابند و لازم است این امکانات، برای هر قالب شعر کوتاه، کاملاً مشخّص باشد تا شاعر با خیال راحت به هنرنمایی در آن قالب بیندیشد.
ب) از جهت فرم درونی، پیوسته است و به عبارتی دارای یک شگرد بنیادی بیش نیست و به عبارت دیگر، تک هسته ای است. افزون بر این، امکان دارد هر قالب، چیز اضافه ای در چنته ی فرم درونی اش داشته باشد؛ مانند ضربه ی ذهنی مصراع آخر رباعی.
ج) درکل، علی رغم کوتاهی، استقلال یک شعر را داراست.
۲. سه لَختی(۵)
باری، عدد سه، یک عدد کهن الگویی است. برای اثبات این قضیه لازم نیست از اهرام ثلاثه و تثلیث مسیحی و سه بار سلام دادن در نماز و سه باور بنیادین پندار نیک، کردار نیک و گفتار نیک در آیین زردشت و مَثَل «تا سه نشه، بازی نشه» و مَثَل «یکی غمه، دوتا کمه، سه تا خاطرجَمعه» و این قبیل چیزها که شمارشان فراوان است، سخن بگوییم تا پیشینه های اسطوره ای و تاریخی و دینی و فرهنگی آن را نشان دهیم، زیرا وجود سربسته ی شعر سه لَختیدر گذشته ی ادبی ایران که سه خشتی های کرمانجی بازمانده ی آن است و همچنین وجود هایکو در شعر ژاپنی و همینطور وجود نمونه های مشابه، در برخی ادبیات ها و خرده ادبیات ها کافی است تا این نکته را دریابیم و نوخسروانی های مهدی اخوان ثالث (م.امید) هم برهمین پایه پدید آمده اند
۳. بسته
تابیدنت چه زیباست
چشمت به رنگ دریاست
بر بوم گیسوانت
تصویر موج پیداست...
تابیدنت چه زیباست!
زیبا همیشه تنهاست.
و بنشین و...پرواز را! حال کن!
آب از شرم، آب شد آن روز،
آتش از غم، کباب شد آن روز.
فرم درونی- کلی بسته ی سه گانی، برداشت هنری از الگوی قیاس منطقیِ «صغری و کبری و نتیجه» است و بنابراین در ذهن و زبان انسان ریشه دارد. این نکته بدان معناست که پایان بندی سه گانی حتماً باید مانند الگویش، تمام شده جلوه کند؛ یعنی خواننده پس از خواندن سه گانی انتظار ادامه ی آن را نکشد.
۴. کوبشی
گل ها همه زیبا،
من عاشق نرگس.
جز تا سرِ ظهر، دل نمی بندد،
آدم برفی همیشه می خندد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>“Such a friend as you is an invaluable treasure… I have set you down as the staff of my old age, when the whole list of my friends will, after a decent share of pity, have forgot me": Robert Burns to Robert Ainslie WS, 23 July 1787.
Robert Burns is that rarest of historical figures: a literary genius who is also a popular hero. Regularly voted the greatest Scot who has ever lived, the son of an Ayrshire farmer achieved an unprecedented level of fame in his 37 years. His tragically early death in 1796 saw that reputation grow to legendary proportions: there are statues, memorials and organisations dedicated to Burns all over the world. His work has never been out of print and he is the only poet in the world whose birthday, 25 January, is marked annually both at home and abroad. A different but equally potent celebrity evolved due to some of the more colourful aspects of the Scottish bard's private persona: the inveterate womanising, the drinking, the iconoclastic views on politics and religion. Burns lived during a period when his youthful contemporaries scented revolution in the air: unlike them, he died before respectable middle age and the new nineteenth century diluted such early preoccupations.
One of the most important friendships of Burns' adult life was with the Writer to the Signet Robert Ainslie. The two first met in Edinburgh in early 1787 when Ainslie was 21 and Burns was 28. The young poet was already famous, thanks to the publication of his first book, Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (1786). This volume had been printed on the advice of another lawyer, Gavin Hamilton, as a means for the impoverished amateur to fund a proposed emigration to Jamaica with his pregnant companion Jean Armour. The edition was a spectacular success and the entire print run sold out within a month. Rather than emigrating, Burns decided instead to go to Edinburgh where he was feted by the capital's society figures. A star-struck 16 year old named Walter Scott – law student and son of a Writer to the Signet – observed Burns at
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他指的是班卡，书桌。..阿普索普：在这个变化中的每一个人，谁坐在椅子上，就在这样的班卡前面。他想知道你到哪里去了！！WATERHOUSE：我是说他可能在找银行。“他告诉娄发生了什么事。弗兰基奥康纳已故的猪油奥康纳的弟弟，从格拉斯哥来的，正如他威胁要做的那样。他不仅来了，虽然，但他的两个朋友也一样。“你应该看到他们，娄“马修说。
南部的州,有一个堰洲岛叫做格兰德岛。在上个世纪结束时,人们财富的习惯去那里度过他们的暑假。我们去那里当我还是个孩子。一个年轻的孩子。我的母亲是…生病,有希望那里的气候让她更好。”””这似乎是一个不错的开始。”当一个DNS服务器从一个权威的DNS服务器,请求一个记录请求DNS服务器缓存记录收到但是长指定的权威名字服务器。如果权威记录的TTL长两到三天,通过收集的信息缓存窥探可能不是有用的TTL记录相比,只有几分钟长。如果是相对近期的记录,它可能揭示更多关于一个组织的相关信息。然而,即使是旧的信息可能与攻击者。来验证是否容易DNS缓存DNS服务器窥探攻击,攻击者可以扫描互联网DNS服务器,允许第三方查询。
最后他听到声音是小女孩的,黎明纳瓦罗,问他多少自由港的银行。喜欢被半睡半醒,听到它,躺在椅子上,闭上眼睛,告诉她,他不确定,接近三密尔……是他说什么?他实际上已经有将近二百万。现在他不确定如果他一直醒着还是催眠。他记得躺在那里等待…突然意识到一个眼罩被遮蔽了他的眼睛,他认为这是小女孩这样做,所以他不会分心。然后到处都是手拿着他下来,磁带被压在他的嘴。他们把他从躺椅上,让他俯卧在地板上,粗糙的手在他身上,和录音一起他的手腕在背后。JackKetch慢慢地走到空荡荡的中央，双手交叉着站着。现在进入一辆由黑马拉过来的货车，装满了烟灰缸和罐子，旁边是JackKetch的助手。助手把木头堆在地上，然后用罐子里的油浸泡。现在进入法警手里拿着一本装满链子和挂锁的书。杰克.凯奇：以国王的名义，停下来，认出你自己！！法警：约翰牛，法警杰克：陈述你的事情。
可能不是。他们也不知道。他们也在行动上，搭车在货运火车上，穿越正在寻找工作的国家，但出于某种原因，一群他们决定暂时安定下来，在垃圾堆里建造了一个临时营地。他们“差点给市长心脏病发作了。”当你的生活接近尾声,风你想做一个声明关于你是谁。声明一样重要,你的人生故事。”””和语句?”””你是你们班的与众不同。对于这个时间这个地点,你是一个自由主义者。我正确吗?”””绝对不是。””他在爱工作,像他那样看着她。”
杰克急急忙忙地往下游走。杰克把头伸到胸前的草地上。过了一段时间，为了方便地走到河床下面，他们顺着河岸滑了下来，沿着海岸干了下来，破裂的泥巴像混凝土一样光滑。犹太人：走吧，离开，或者祈祷在哪里？？走开。他看到你有一把椅子，希望你知道桌子在哪里。那就是梅萨。也许他指的是班卡，书桌。..阿普索普：在这个变化中的每一个人，谁坐在椅子上，就在这样的班卡前面。他想知道你到哪里去了！！WATERHOUSE：我是说他可能在找银行。
如果攻击者想要确定他的目标已经查看招聘信息在Monster.com上他提出了一个简单的查询:这将返回一个记录表明dnscache.example.com服务器是否知道Monster.com的位置。从攻击者的角度来看,这是一个很好的策略,因为攻击者可以查询问题反复经过一段时间使用统计信息网站在一个组织的员工最常浏览。这是nonrecursive攻击是如何工作的:缓存窥探攻击仍然有效DNS服务器不允许nonrecursion标志被设置。为什么你会这样做吗?吗?Boijer走动的尸体,震惊。尽管帐篷似乎比外面的风刮的花园,冷一种独特的气味了。Forrester的希望他有一个SIRCHIE面具块腐烂的气味。
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- 10王鹏明显极其认同胖子的话 - 安徽省洋易精密硅胶有限公司<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Kim Milyoner Olmak İster yarışmasının 1 Şubat Salı akşamki yayınında George Orwell'ın 1984 ve Hayvan Çiftliği kitaplarının ölümünden sonra yayın hakkını satın alan istihbarat servisi soruldu.
Her bölümü ayrı bir heyecan ve ayrı bir bilinmezlikle dolu olan Kim Milyoner Olmak İster yarışmasının 1 Şubat Salı günkü programında da nefesler tutuldu. Yarışmada sorulan George Orwell sorusu milyonlar tarafından merak edildi ve araştırıldı. Peki o sorunun tamamı nasıldı?
Milyonları merakte bırakan George Orwell sorusu yarışmayı izleyen uzmanlar tarafından tam not aldı. Yarışma boyunca sorulan 12 soruya doğru yanıt veren yarışmacılar 1 milyon TL'yi almaya hak kazanıyor.
Haycan Çiftliği kitabı George Orwell'in en çok satan kitabıdır. Hatta "Herkes eşittir, kimileri daha da eşittir." sözü de bu kitabın meşhur bir epigrafıdır.
İlgili Galeriler<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نریمان رحمانی در گفت و گو با ایسنا، بااشاره به نقش ورزش های همگانی در تحرک و پویایی مردم، اظهارکرد: جذب و فعال کردن آحاد مختلف جامعه به سمت و سوی ورزش با هدف ارتقای نشاط، شادابی، سلامت و ترویج سبک زندگی پرشور یکی از اهداف ورزش های همگانی است که در برهه زمانی کنونی بیش از هر زمان دیگری ضرورت آن در زندگی مردم احساس می شود.
وی تصریح کرد: ورزش همگانی زمینه ساز ورزش قهرمانی است و تا زمانی که این ورزش قوی نشود و مردم دید مثبتی به آن نداشته باشند، جایگاه ورزش قهرمانی نیز ضعیف خواهد بود.
رئیس هیات ورزش های همگانی استان کرمانشاه با بیان اینکه در شرایط فعلی که بیماری کرونا دامن گیر دنیا شده و بسیاری از مردم در قرنطینه هستند، ورزش همگانی می تواند به حفظ سلامتی آنها کمک کند، افزود: از سال گذشته که این بیماری شیوع پیدا کرد، فدراسیون ورزش های همگانی برنامه های مختلفی را به منظور تشویق مردم به ورزش کردن در دوران قرنطینه در دستور کار قرار داد که ما نیز در استان آنها را اجرایی کردیم.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: علیرغم شیوع کرونا و مشکل در زمینه فضای ورزشی توانستیم عملکرد خوبی در رابطه با ورزشهای همگانی استان در خانه و طبیعت داشته باشیم.
رحمانی با بیان اینکه در ایام نوروز ۱۴۰۰ حدود ۷۶ برنامه ورزشی همگانی در سطح استان اجرا شد، افزود: یکی از مهمترین این برنامه ها اجرای مرحله اول طرح ملی نشاط در بخش بازی های الکترونیکی و موبایلی بود که از هفتم اسفند شروع شد و تا ۱۵ فروردین هم ادامه داشت و هرچند هنوز نتایج این مرحله منتشر نشده، اما کرمانشاهیان بازهم پیشتازی خوبی برای شرکت در اجرای این برنامه داشتند.
وی از آغاز مرحله دوم این طرح در استان هم خبرداد و گفت: این مرحله که از امروز(۲۱ فروردین) شروع شده و تا ۱۲ اردیبهشت هم ادامه خواهد داشتT در بخش بازی های تحرکی و فعالیت های بدنی است.
رئیس هیات ورزش های همگانی استان اضافه کرد: همچنین در ایام تعطیلات نوروز علاوه بر اجرای طرح ملی نشاط، هیات ها و کمیته های شهرستانی در رشته های پیاده روی، جاده نوردی، کوهپیمایی، تپه نوردی و طبیعت گردی که در فضای باز برگزار می شوند، برنامه هایی را در سطح استان اجرا کردند.
وی یادآورشد: امیدواریم در گسترش ورزش همگانی وبسترسازی مناسبت جهت خدمت و ایجاد شهری شاداب و شهروندی سالم وپرنشاط و بدور از ناهنجاری های اجتماعی گامهای موثرتری برداریم.
انتهای پیام<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The humidity has arrived and with that we can expect plenty of allergies that can not only be an annoyance, but can lead to bigger health issues especially with kids.
During these muggy months it’s important to take a moment to evaluate your health and how you take care of your sinuses and your lungs and of small children in your household. One way in which to be mindful of the quality of the air you breath is to be alert and aware of any possible allergies you may have that can affect your sinuses and your lungs. Allergies can arise from pollens in springtime, grass in the summer, and ragweed during the fall as well as dust, mites, animal allergens, perfumes, detergents, soaps, and changes in atmospheric temperature. There are a many number of factors that can cause you to have allergies.
Allergies can lead to more serious issue such as asthma. Allergic asthma can be triggered by allergies to bacteria, mold to everyday pollens. Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 10%-20% of the U.S. population and 40% of children. The average age of the onset of allergies is between the ages of 8 through 12.
Clinical presentation of allergies usually consists of sneezing, nasal congestion, cough, postnasal drip, loss of or alteration of smell, and sensation of clogged ears which can cause a discomfort and be an inconvenience. There are many ways to treat the onset of allergies which can include non-pharmacologic therapy or pharmacologic.
Non pharmacologic Therapy:
- Maintain allergen-free environment by covering mattresses and pillows with allergen-proof casings, eliminating animal products, and removing dust collecting fixtures.
- Clean your air purifiers and dust filters.
- Maintain humidity to below 50% to prevent dust mites or mold.
- Use air conditioners, especially in the bedroom.
- Remove pets from homes of patients with suspected sensitivity to animal allergens.
- Topical nasal steroids are very effective and I prefer as first line treatment in adults. Ex. Fluticasone (Flonase).
- Oral Antihistamine, first generation antihistamine, ex. Benadryl, can cause considerable sedation and anticholinergic symptoms. Second generation antihistamine, ex. Loratadine (Claritin), Cetirizine (Zyrtec), are preferred since they cause less sedation and anticholinergic effects.
- Oral leukotriene receptor antagonist, ex. Montelukast (Singulair), commonly used for asthma is also effective for allergic rhinitis.
- Cromolyn sodium used for prophylaxis.
Make the effort to ensure your respiratory system is in top shape so that you can take deep long breaths and enjoy the blooming flowers around you. Speak to your physician about ways for you to combat allergies before they become a problem.
This information was provided by Dr. Hossein Joukar, MD, a board certified Emergency Medicine physician with over 15 years of experience and is the Medical Director and CEO of RiteCare Urgent Care Medical Centers in Miami.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>حمایت میکل آرتتا از ستاره برزیلی آرسنال
میکل آرتتا در آستانه دیدار آرسنال مقابل استونویلا انتقادها از ستاره برزیلیاش ویلیان را رد کرد و گفت ویلیان در آرسنال بهتر و بهتر خواهد شد....
درحالیکه شاگردان آرتتا فردا به مصاف استون ویلا میرود ویلیان که در تابستان امسال از چلسی به آرسنال ملحق شده اخیراً با انتقاداتی از سوی هواداران این تیم روبرو بوده است. ویلیان در اولین بازی فصل درخشید و در جریان پیروزی ۳-۰ توپچیها مقابل فولام دو پاس گل داد ولی در هشت بازی بعدی او ناکام بوده و نه پاس گل داده و نه گلی به ثمر رسانده است.
آرتتا اما با رد این انتقادها و دفاع از ویلیان گفت: " به نظر من ویلیان در اولین بازی فصل مقابل فولام خیلی خوب شروع کرد. بعد هم او مصدوم شد و زمانی برای تمرین کردن با تیم نداشت. ویلیان در دوران پیش فصل ما حضور نداشت و بعدها به بقیه تیم ملحق شد. من در دو بازی قبلی شاهد بهتر شدن ویلیام بوده ام و می دانم او بهتر و بهتر خواهد شد. من کیفیت او را می دانم و از اینکه در تیم من است خوشحالم".<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، تایمز هندوستان از آزمایش یک فروند موشک زمین به زمین هند موسوم به پریتهوی-2 در "چاندیپور" در ایالت "اوریسا" در شرق هند خبر داد که قابلیت حمل کلاهک هسته ای را دارد.
این موشک قابلیت حمل کلاهک هسته ای 500 تا هزار کیلوگرمی و همچنین برد 350 کیلومتری دارد.
دانشمندان سازمان تحقیق و توسعه دفاعی هند این آزمایش را بخشی از تمرینات نیروی زمینی این کشور می دانند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Open with QR Code
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The Tōhoku earthquake (9.1 magnitude) hit Japan on March 11, 2011 for a duration of 5 minutes, and was followed by a tsunami which claimed the life of close to 16.000 people.
The seismic events shown took place on that same day, between 01h41 and 23h59 (GMT). At 0.5X animation speed, 1 second of animation = 1 hour in real time.
The main earthquake happened at 05h46 (1:80 mark in the animation), and slowing down the animation speed to 0.1X or keeping manual control around this event should allow you to better understand the aftershocks propagation.
Created with python and blender ( and love :) )
NEXT: add focal mechanisms, better metadata, funkier colormaps and superimpose historical maps?
CC AttributionCreative Commons AttributionLearn more<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Coatesville okulları bugün kapalı mı?
Bu, uzmanlarımızın zaman zaman aldığı bir sorudur. Şimdi, ilgilenen herkes için eksiksiz bir ayrıntılı açıklama ve cevabımız var!Sordu: Bayan Lilian Kozey
Puan: 4.1/5(62 oy)
Yarın tüm Coatesville Bölgesi Okul Bölgesi okullar öğrencilere kapatılacak , normal personel devamsızlıkları ile birlikte Valilik Karantinası nedeniyle dışarıda olacak personel sayısı nedeniyle.
Coatesville Okul Bölgesi iyi mi?
Coatesville Bölgesi Lise 2021 Sıralaması
Coatesville Bölgesi Kıdemli Lisesi Ulusal Sıralamada 12,891. sırada . Okullar, devlet tarafından zorunlu kılınan sınavlardaki performanslarına, mezuniyetlerine ve öğrencileri üniversiteye ne kadar iyi hazırladıklarına göre sıralanır.
Coatesville PA hangi okul bölgesidir?
Coatesville Bölgesi Okul Bölgesi (CASD) Pennsylvania, Chester County'deki Coatesville Şehri, Modena İlçeleri ve South Coatesville ve Caln Kasabası, Doğu Fallowfield Kasabası, Sadsbury Kasabası, Valley Kasabası, West Brandywine Kasabası ve West Caln Kasabasını kapsar.
Coatesville okul bölgesinde
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در سال ۲۰۲۰ نسبت به سال ۲۰۱۹، بیش از ۳۰ درصد کاهش یافت.
قیمتهای بالای نفت در سهماه نخست سال جاری میلادی به بسیاری از این شرکتها کمک کرد سود بیشتری داشته باشند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Cehennem Gecesi, çalıştığı benzin istasyonunda bir soyguncu tarafından rehin alanın genç bir kadının hikayesini konu ediyor. Melinda, benzin istasyonunda çalışan genç bir kadındır. Kendisine güvenen iş arkadaşı Sheila'nın gölgesinde kalmakta bıkan Melinda'nın hayatı, bir adamın benzin istasyonunu silahla basması ile tamamen değişir. Çaresiz bir adam olan Billy, acilen nakit paraya ihtiyacı olduğu için benzin istasyonu soymaya karar verir ve Melinda ile Sheila'yı rehin alır. Ancak Melinda, beklenmedik bir anda Billy'yi etkisiz hale getirmeyi başarır. Herkes genç kadının Billy'yi polise teslim etmesini beklerken, Melinda bambaşka planları vardır.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>خلاصه اثر
کتاب صوتی آینه اثر محمود دولت آبادی، درباره ی مردی است که به دلیل گم کردن شناسنامه اش هویت خود را از دست داده و در تلاش برای بازگرداندن هویت خود است.
شناسنامه هویت انسان است هر فردی با وجود آن شناخته می شود و اجازه ورود به هر کاری را پیدا می کند اما اگر این سند به هر دلیلی از بین برود قسمتی از تاریخ زندگی فرد اعم از اسم، فامیل، محل تولد، تاریخ تولد و... نیز از بین خواهد رفت اما وجود این سند دال بر زنده بودن و حیات فرد در اجتماع است چرا که با مردن شناسنامه نیز باطل می شود و این نشانگر عدم حیات فرد است.
محمود دولت آبادی از مهره های کلیدی رمان نویسی در ادبیات فارسی به شمار می رود. فضای اکثر کتاب های دولت آبادی در روستاهای خراسان رخ می دهد و رنج و مشقت روستاییان شرق ایران را به تصویر می کشد. رمان کلیدر مشهورترین اثر وی است که او را به کسب جایزهٔ نوبل ادبیات نزدیک کرد.
در قسمتی از کتاب صوتی آینه می شنویم:
اما... این استشهاد را چجور باید نوشت؟ نشست روی صندلی و مداد و کاغذ را گذاشت دم دستش، روی میز. خوب... باید نوشته شود، ما امضا کنندگان ذیل گواهی می کنیم که شناسنامه ی آقای... مفقودالاثر شده است. آنچه را که نوشته بود با قلم فرانسه پاک نویس کرد و از خانه بیرون آمد و یک راست رفت به دکان بقالی که هفته ای یکبار از آن جا خرید می کرد. اما دکان دار که از دردسر خوشش نمی آمد، گفت او را نمی شناسد. نه اینکه نشناسدش، بلکه اسم او را نمی داند چون تا امروز به صرافت نیافتاده اسم ایشان را بخواهد بداند. به خصوص که خودتان که هم جای اسم را خالی گذاشته اید!!! بله درست است.
باید اول می رفته به لباسشویی، چون هر سال شب عید کت و شلوار و پیراهنش را یکبار می داده به لباسشویی و قبض می گرفته. اما لباسشویی با وجود اینکه حافظه ی خوبی داشت و مشتری هایش را اگر نه به نام اما به چهره می شناخت، نتوانست او را به جا بیاورد و گفت که: متاسف است، چون آقا را خیلی کم زیارت کرده است. دست کم یکی از قبض های ما را که لابد خدمتتان است بیاورید مشکل حل خواهد شد. آن جا روی ورقه ی قبض اسم و تاریخ سپردن لباس و حتی اینکه چند تکه لباس تحویل شده را با قید رنگ آن می نویسند.
کتاب صوتی
رایگان
حجم : 14.5 مگا بایت
مدت زمان : 15 دقیقه
تعداد صفحات نسخه دیجیتال : 1<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>میلوگرافی (Myelography)
این تست شامل تزریق ماده حاجب به داخل فضای تحت عنکبوتیه است تا امکان بصری سازی هر چه بهتر ستون مهره ها، دیسک های بین مهره ای و اعصاب نخاعی فراهم شود. این تست در بیمارانی انجام می شود که امکان CT-Scan یا MRI وجود ندارد. بعد از تست معمولا بیمار در وضعیت نشسته قرار داده می شود تا ماده حاجب در انتهای ستون فقرات و دور از مغز دفع شود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Early Childhood Experiences and Lifelong Health
Did you know that early childhood experiences and environments have an impact on all body systems, not just the brain? Early experiences affect lifelong health as well as early learning and school readiness.
This animated video, narrated by Center on the Developing Child Director Jack P. Shonkoff, outlines what the latest science tells us. It is a quick introduction to the effects of childhood adversities on the developing brain and many other systems in the body. The negative experiences include poverty, discrimination, systemic racism, exposure to violence, and child maltreatment, abuse, and neglect.
To learn more, read:
- 5 Facts About Health That Are Often Misunderstood
- Connecting the Brain to the Rest of the Body: Early Childhood Development and Lifelong Health Are Deeply Intertwined
- Effects of positive and negative childhood experiences on adult family health
- Health and Learning Are Deeply Interconnected in the Body: A Guide for Policymakers
- InBrief: Connecting the Brain to the Rest of the Body
Family literacy programs contribute to positive early childhood experiences. They support parents and caregivers in learning about early childhood development. The benefits for children and adults can be long term.
Related Blog Posts
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Preschoolers can learn early coding skills through hands-on, screen-free activities that are fun. The T in STEM: Creating Play-Based Experiences That Support Children’s Learning of Coding and Higher Order Thinking …
Due to COVID-19, Screen-Free Week 2020 is now Screen-Free Saturdays! One day a week, every week, families are invited to turn off their devices and connect, explore and play while …<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Asia
di Salvo Ardizzone Nella notte fra venerdì e sabato, durante la battaglia in corso per la riconquista di Kunduz, nel…Leggi tutto »
Le attuali impostazioni permettono l'utilizzo dei cookies al fine di fornire la migliore esperienza di navigazione possibile. Se continui ad utilizzare questo sito web senza cambiare le tue impostazioni dei cookies o cliccando "OK, accetto" nel banner in basso ne acconsenterai l'utilizzo.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Yüzdeki Şişlik ve Ödem Nasıl Geçer?
Yüz şişliği, yüzün normal görünümünün ötesinde şişmesi veya kabarması durumudur. Ödem ise vücudun dokularında sıvı birikmesidir ve şişlik, ağrı ve rahatsızlığa neden olabilir. Yüz şişliği ve ödem birçok nedenden kaynaklanabilir ve tedavi seçenekleri altta yatan nedene bağlı olarak değişebilir.
Yüz Şişliğinin ve Ödeminin Nedenleri
Alerjik reaksiyonlar
Böcek ısırıkları veya sokmaları
Sinüzit
Diş enfeksiyonu
Göz enfeksiyonu
Kulak enfeksiyonu
Yaralanma
Ameliyat
Hormonal değişiklikler
Böbrek hastalığı
Karaciğer hastalığı
Kalp hastalığı
İlaç yan etkileri
Gebelik
Yüz Şişliğinin ve Ödeminin Belirtileri
Yüzün şişmesi veya kabarması
Göz kapaklarının şişmesi
Yanakların şişmesi
Dudakların şişmesi
Çenenin şişmesi
Ağrı
Rahatsızlık
Kaşıntı
Kızarıklık
Sıcaklık
Yüz Şişliğinin ve Ödeminin Tanısı
Yüz şişliği ve ödem tanısı, doktor tarafından fizik muayene ve tıbbi geçmiş öyküsü alınarak yapılır. Doktorunuz ayrıca altta yatan nedene bağlı olarak kan testleri, idrar testleri, görüntüleme testleri veya biyopsi gibi ek testler isteyebilir.
Yüz Şişliğinin ve Ödeminin Tedavisi
Yüz şişliğinin ve ödeminin tedavisi, altta yatan nedene bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bazı durumlarda, tedaviyi kendiniz evde yapabilirsiniz. Örneğin, alerjik reaksiyonlara bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi, antihistaminik ilaçlar kullanarak tedavi edebilirsiniz. Böcek ısırıkları veya sokmalarına bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi, buz uygulaması ve ağrı kesiciler kullanarak tedavi edebilirsiniz.
Ancak bazı durumlarda, yüz şişliğinin ve ödeminin tedavisi için tıbbi müdahale gerekebilir. Örneğin, sinüzit, diş enfeksiyonu, göz enfeksiyonu veya kulak enfeksiyonu gibi enfeksiyonlara bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi, antibiyotik ilaçlar kullanarak tedavi edebilirsiniz. Yaralanma veya ameliyata bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi, cerrahi müdahale ile tedavi edebilirsiniz. Hormonal değişikliklere bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi, hormonal ilaçlar kullanarak tedavi edebilirsiniz. Böbrek hastalığı, karaciğer hastalığı veya kalp hastalığı gibi ciddi tıbbi sorunlara bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi, altta yatan hastalığın tedavisi yapılarak tedavi edebilirsiniz.
Yüz Şişliğinin ve Ödeminin Önlenmesi
Yüz şişliğinin ve ödeminin önlenmesi için şu önlemleri alabilirsiniz:
Alerjenlerden uzak durun.
Böcek ısırıklarından ve sokmalarından korunun.
Sinüziti, diş enfeksiyonunu, göz enfeksiyonunu ve kulak enfeksiyonunu önlemek için iyi ağız hijyeni ve el hijyeni uygulayın.
Yaralanmaları önlemek için dikkatli olun.
Ameliyat sonrası doktorunuzun talimatlarına uyun.
Hormonal değişikliklere bağlı yüz şişliğini ve ödemi önlemek için doktorunuzla konuşun.
Böbrek hastalığını, karaciğer hastalığını ve kalp hastalığını önlemek için sağlıklı bir diyet uygulayın, düzenli egzersiz yapın ve doktorunuzun önerdiği düzenli sağlık kontrollerini yaptırın.
Yüz şişliği ve ödem yaşıyorsanız, altta yatan nedene bağlı olarak tedavi seçenekleri değişebilir. Bu nedenle, yüz şişliği ve ödem yaşıyorsanız, doktorunuza görünmeniz önemlidir. Doktorunuz, altta yatan nedene bağlı olarak tedavi seçenekleri önerecektir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش روابط عمومی اداره کل تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی آذربایجان شرقی، یونس طاهری در سومین همایش کارآفرینی دانشگاه کارآفرین و اولین جشنواره تجلیل از ایده ها و فعالیت های کارآفرینی برتر دانشجویی که همزمان با هفته کارآفرینی به همت دانشکده مهندسی عمران و مدیریت امور فناوری و کمیته روستای ایجاد کارآفرینی دانشگاه تبریز در دانشکده مهندسی عمران دانشگاه تبریز برگزار شد، با اشاره به اهمیت و جایگاه کارآفرینی در اشتغال اظهار کرد: دانشگاه کارآفرین تبریز نقش مهمی در توسعه کارآفرینی و اشتغال و تامین نیروی انسانی مورد نیاز بخشهای مختلف اقتصادی و راه اندازی کسب و کار برای فارغ التحصیلان دارد.
وی ادامه داد: ارتباط بین دانشگاه و صنعت، تولید و خدمات می تواند در توسعه دانش مبتنی بر علاقه، مهارت و نیاز بازار کار نقش آفرینی کند.
طاهری، با بیان اینکه اقتصاد بر سه بخش دولتی، خصوصی و تعاونی سهم بیشتری در اشتغال دارند و با توجه به حوزه و گستره فعالیت ها در این بخشها لازم است فارغ التحصیلان با ارتقاء سطح مهارتی و تخصصی و تحصیل علم نیاز بازار کار را در بخشهای مختلف تامین کنند و در این میان دانشگاهها مسئولیت سنگینی در هدایت و راهبری نیروهای کارآمد برای ورود به بازار کار دارند.
مدیر توسعه کارآفرینی و اشتغال اداره کل تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی از اجرای طرحهای راهبردی کارآفرینی و اشتغال در استان خبر داد و افزود: طرح کارورزی و مهارت آموزی در محیط کار واقعی برای فارغ التحصیلان دانشگاهی از مقطع کاردانی به بالا و همچنین مشوق های بیمه ای کارفرمایان و اعطای تسهیلات گوناگون برای راه اندازی کسب و کارهای جدید در راستای توسعه اشتغال در استان اجرا می شود، که تمامی عزیزان جویای کار و صاحبان ایده برای تجاری سازی می توانند استفاده و کارآفرینی و ایجاد اشتغال نمایند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La shell di Linux salva una cronologia dei comandi che esegui e puoi cercarla per ripetere i comandi che hai eseguito in passato. Una volta compreso il comando della cronologia di Linux e come utilizzarlo, può aumentare significativamente la tua produttività.
A cosa serve la cronologia dei comandi Linux?
Il Linux history Il comando ti consente di rivedere e ripetere i comandi precedenti. Questo non ha lo scopo di incoraggiare solo la pigrizia o risparmiare tempo: c’è anche un fattore di efficienza (e precisione) in gioco. Più un comando è lungo e complicato, più difficile sarà ricordarlo e digitarlo senza commettere errori. Esistono due tipi di errori: uno che impedisce al comando di funzionare e uno che consente al comando di funzionare, ma gli fa fare qualcosa di inaspettato.
IL history il comando elimina questi problemi. Come la maggior parte dei comandi Linux, c’è di più di quanto potresti pensare. Tuttavia, se impari a usare il file history comando, può migliorare l’utilizzo della riga di comando di Linux, ogni singolo giorno. È un buon investimento del tuo tempo. Esistono modi molto migliori per utilizzare il file history comandare piuttosto che semplicemente premendo ripetutamente la freccia su.
Il comando della storia
Nella sua forma più semplice, puoi usare il file history comando semplicemente digitandone il nome:
history L’elenco dei comandi utilizzati in precedenza viene quindi scritto nella finestra del terminale.
I comandi sono numerati, con quelli utilizzati più recentemente (quelli con i numeri più alti) alla fine dell’elenco.
Per vedere un certo numero di comandi, puoi passare un numero a history sulla riga di comando. Ad esempio, per visualizzare gli ultimi 10 comandi che hai utilizzato, digita quanto segue:
history 10 Puoi ottenere lo stesso risultato se tu tubo history tramite la tail comando. Per fare ciò, digitare quanto segue:
history | tail -n 10
Comandi ripetuti
Se desideri riutilizzare un comando dall’elenco della cronologia, digita un punto esclamativo (!) e il numero del comando senza spazi intermedi.
Ad esempio, per ripetere il comando numero 37, digitare questo comando:
!37 Per ripetere l’ultimo comando, digita ancora due punti esclamativi, senza spazi:
!! Questo può essere utile quando esegui un comando e dimentichi di usarlo sudo . Tipo sudouno spazio, i doppi punti esclamativi, quindi premi Invio.
Per l’esempio seguente, abbiamo digitato un comando che richiede sudo. Invece di riscrivere l’intera riga, possiamo salvare una serie di sequenze di tasti e semplicemente digitare sudo !!come mostrato di seguito:
mv ./my_script.sh /usr/local/bin/ sudo !! Quindi, puoi digitare il numero corrispondente dall’elenco per ripetere un comando o utilizzare i doppi punti esclamativi per ripetere l’ultimo comando che hai usato. Tuttavia, cosa succede se vuoi ripetere il quinto o l’ottavo comando?
Puoi usare un punto esclamativo, un trattino (-) e il numero di qualsiasi comando precedente (di nuovo, senza spazi) per ripeterlo.
Per ripetere il tredicesimo comando precedente, digitare quanto segue:
!-13
Ricerca di comandi per stringa
Per ripetere l’ultimo comando che inizia con una stringa particolare, puoi digitare un punto esclamativo, quindi la stringa senza spazi, quindi premere Invio.
Ad esempio, per ripetere l’ultimo comando iniziato con sudodovresti digitare questo comando:
!sudo C’è un elemento di pericolo in questo, però. Se l’ultimo comando iniziato con sudo non è quello che pensi che sia, lancerai il comando sbagliato.
Per fornire una rete di sicurezza, tuttavia, è possibile utilizzare il file :p modificatore (print), come mostrato di seguito:
!sudo:p Questo istruisce history per stampare il comando nella finestra del terminale, anziché eseguirlo. Ciò ti consente di vedere il comando prima di usarlo. Se è il comando che desideri, premi la freccia su, quindi premi Invio per usarlo.
Se desideri trovare un comando che contiene una stringa particolare, puoi utilizzare un punto esclamativo e un punto interrogativo.
Ad esempio, per trovare ed eseguire il primo comando corrispondente che contiene la parola “alias”, digitare questo comando:
!?aliases Verrà trovato qualsiasi comando che contenga la stringa “alias”, indipendentemente da dove appare nella stringa.
Ricerca interattiva
Una ricerca interattiva ti consente di scorrere un elenco di comandi corrispondenti e ripetere quello desiderato.
Basta premere Ctrl+r per avviare la ricerca.
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阳刚之气。顾名思义，这款香水是为勇敢的人创造的。
手表 – 智能手表上的DIESEL
“一旦你去做技术，你就再也回不去了”。是流行的Diesel智能手表活动的座右铭。幽默和讽刺无疑是该广告的优势。
在该系列视频短片中，你可以看到Diesel On智能手表和该模特之间的爱有多深，以至于他拒绝了朋友和伙伴的任何电话，因为他对自己的手表如此着迷。他用Google Home功能打开灯，在酒吧用非接触式支付，打开他最喜欢的音乐，眼睛却离不开这块手表。他周围的整个世界都消失了，他通过手表进入了自己的世界，并与手表一起。
只需369欧元，你就能得到一块具有多种功能的智能手表。除了高质量的材料和设计外，它还具有突破性的功能，电池寿命长，并可选择测量心率。其他功能和特点包括。
- 48毫米Axial智能手表
- 独特的黑色尼龙表带，印有商标。
- 不锈钢外壳
- 谷歌Wear OS的开创性功能
- 电池寿命：在节能模式下可运行数天
- 健身功能。心率测量和活动跟踪，内置GPS测量距离，防水设计。
- 与iPhone和安卓手机兼容
问与答：柴油机
当谈到牛仔裤时，一个顶级品牌，但Diesel还能提供什么。以下是关于该品牌及其创始人的最常见的问题。
迪塞尔时装品牌已经存在了多长时间？
第一间Diesel旗舰店于1996年在纽约、罗马及伦敦的时尚之都开幕。
谁创立了这个品牌？
Renzo Rosso是Diesel品牌背后的人。
这个品牌是什么时候成立的？
当Renzo Rosso在1978年开始自己的事业时，他也在同一年创立了牛仔裤品牌Diesel。
谁是创始人？
Renzo Rosso于1955年出生在意大利北部的Brugine。从1971年起，他在帕多瓦的纺织学校学习。
这个品牌的价值有多大？
Diesel是牛仔裤行业的十大品牌之一。据《福布斯》估计，获得的财富为30亿美元。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How to Prevent Varicose Veins
Thursday, 21 March 2019
Varicose veins affect up to between three in 10 adults, with women far more likely to develop varicose veins then men. They usually take the appearance of being swollen, enlarged and may take a dark blue or purple colour. More often than not they will be lumpy, bulging and twisted, with other symptoms including aching legs, swollen legs, muscle cramps and dry skin.
They aren't usually anything to worry about and are usually harmless, although certain factors can increase their risk. If you suffer from varicose veins, there are simple things you can do to reduce their impact and prevent them from spreading. This short article explains How to Prevent Varicose Veins, and explores a number of actions that you can take.
What Are Varicose Veins?
Varicose veins occur because of weak or damaged valves in your veins. Veins carry blood up your body back to your heart from your legs, meaning that they have to work against gravity to push the blood upwards. This works partly by muscles contracting, and partly by tiny valves that open and close to prevent the blood from flowing back downwards.
If these valves become weak, it means that blood can flow backwards and begin to pool, which has the knock-on impact of damaging the appearance of the vein. This will make the vein look twisted or bulged and take the appearance of what we call a varicose vein.
What Are the Symptoms of Varicose Veins?
If you're concerned about having varicose veins, you should look for certain symptoms. These include:
Am I at Risk of Varicose Veins?
There are people who are high risk of developing varicose veins, and people who are at low risk. Factors include:
Other smaller factors that can impact your chance of developing varicose veins include family history, obesity and mobility. If you are concerned that your varicose veins are becoming worse and more painful, see a doctor as you may be at risk of a blood clot.
How Do I Prevent Varicose Veins?
There is no exact way to completely prevent varicose veins, however improving circulation and muscle tone can be a key way of preventing them from developing. Being more active, watching your diet, eating less salt and avoiding high heels are all ways that can reduce your chances. Other ways to reduce your chances of developing varicose veins are included in the list below.
Wear Compression Socks and Stockings
Sigvaris James Calf Compression Socks
Compression socks and stockings are a great way to prevent varicose veins, as they are designed specifically to accelerate blood flow as it passes from your ankles to your knees. The Sigvaris James Calf Compression Socks are simple, everyday socks that offer excellent compression in your lower calves. This helps to ensure that blood keeps moving, preventing blood from clotting and preventing it from pooling – the main cause of varicose veins.
Elevate Your Legs
The Putnams Bed Wedge for Acid Reflux and GERD
Another way to prevent varicose veins is to keep your legs elevated while you are in bed, as this allows gravity to work with your body rather than against it. A simple way to do this is to use the Putnams Bed Wedge for Acid Reflux and GERD, a bed wedge that can fit at the end of your bed to keep your feet and legs elevated through the night. If you'd like to use it as a pillow, you can, helping to prevent acid reflux, glaucoma, heartburn and more.
Target Varicose Veins Early
Varicose veins can be prevented if you tackle them early and identify the key triggers. One of these triggers is pregnancy, which is why during pregnancy its recommended to wear belly belts or use bed wedges to boost your circulation. If you have a period of immobility (following an injury or surgery), then using compression stockings can prevent the blood from pooling in your feet which in turn prevents vein damage.
Alternatively, improving your diet and living an active lifestyle are key ways that can prevent the cause of varicose veins. For more compression stockings you can visit our Compression Stockings and Oedema Supports category, and for more bed wedges you can visit the Bed Cushions, Supports and Rolls category. Finally, if you are pregnant you can visit the Aids For Pregnancy category.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I'm new to this site. I am a bit lost on this problem, could I request assistance? Thanks
A coin-operated coffee machine made by BIG Corporation was designed to discharge a mean of eight ounces of coffee per cup. If it dispenses more that that on average, the corporation may lose money, and if it dispenses less, the customers may complain.
BIG Corporation would like to estimate the mean amount of coffee, μ, dispensed per cup by this machine. BIG will choose a random sample of cup amounts dispensed by this machine and use this sample to estimate μ. Assuming that the standard deviation of cup amounts dispensed by this machine is 0.42ounces, what is the minimum sample size needed in order for BIG to be 90%confident that its estimate is within 0.08ounces of μ?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The image in the mind of an ordinary American or European is that Afghanistan and Pakistan are longstanding friends and allies. Yet the truth is very different. It is true that friendship and brotherhood prevails between the people of the two countries. At the state level, however, relations are very far from those between allies. This astonishing state of affairs sometimes appears in the media in connection with various reports.
In June, Taliban militants attacked the Afghan parliament building. Immediately in the wake of that incident, the Afghanistan National Directorate of Security (NDS) announced that the attack had been perpetrated with the help of Pakistani Intelligence (ISI). In September, terrorists attacked Camp Badaber in Pakistan. Pakistani officials stated that this was carried out by radicals coming from Afghan territory. The Taliban seized control of the city of Kunduz in a sudden attack in the last days of September. The Afghan government again accused Pakistan of supporting the Taliban.
Mutual recriminations are by no means limited to these instances. The two neighbours frequently accuse one another of supporting terrorists. Afghan officials accuse the Pakistani army and intelligence agency, and Pakistani officials accuse the Afghan state.
In fact, relations between these two Muslim states developed along very positive lines after Ashraf Ghani became head of the Afghani state. In the first months of 2015, the policies of insecurity and disagreement began being replaced by collaboration and solidarity against terrorism. Relations have improved to the extent that, as the Pakistani Interior Minister put it, ‘Relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan have never been better.’ In recent months, however, relations have again returned to their traditional state of insecurity and scepticism in the wake of bloody terrorist outrages in both countries.
The problems between Afghanistan and Pakistan to a large degree stem not from those states themselves, but from secret state apparatuses. What Pakistan’s secret state apparatus fears is an Afghanistan purged of terror working together with India and Pakistan thus being surrounded by enemies. Due to that paranoia, the Pakistani secret state apparatus wants to see a weak and unstable Afghanistan. Meanwhile, the concern of the Afghanistan secret state apparatus is that Pakistan is using a policy of divide and rule and using it to subvert the nation. One sensitive issue between the two countries is theDurand Line that constitutes the border between them.
Both states are in fact pulling the rug out from beneath their own feet through their own fears and delusions. If there is no peace in Afghanistan, there can certainly be none in the region nor can there be security in South Asia if there is no security in Pakistan. The peoples of both nations are therefore suffering greatly. They are having to live without the tranquillity, stability, peace and prosperity for which they long. Both Afghans and Pakistanis believe in the same God, the same religion and the same prophets and share a common history, culture, customs and values. There is therefore far more that unites them than divides them.
Another issue that troubles Pakistan is India. To put it another way, what Pakistan finds troubling is the good trade and political relations that Afghanistan has managed to develop with India, Pakistan’s long-time rival. The fact is that what South Asia needs as a matter of urgency is for these three neighbouring countries to put an end to their policies of intractability and to adopt a common policy based on mutual love and understanding instead. It must not be forgotten that love, affection and compassion lie at the very heart of religions.
There is no doubt that Afghanistan and Pakistan must do as required by Islam, reason and good conscience and act as one against terror and what they need to do in the fight against terror is to educate those terrorists, rather than killing them in their own territories. The radical militants spilling blood in both countries have one thing in common; an ideology propounded in the name of Islam and based largely on fabricated pronouncements and other nonsense. Such an ideology is diametrically opposed to the Quran and has no place in Islam. The only way of stemming the flood of terror in both countries is therefore education based on the true Islam, on the Quran.
Afghanistan is currently riddled with uncertainties. It is under growing threat from the Taliban, despite 14 years of military operations. It is facing the threat of a new civil war. It needs the unconditional support of Pakistan, its neighbour. To be more blunt, both countries now need one another more than ever before. The futures of Afghanistan and Pakistan are bound up with one another. Either both countries do what brotherhood requires and build an enlightened, tranquil, happy and prosperous future, or else they will share a future dominated by darkness, difficulties, suffering, poverty and terror.
It is utterly irrational for Afghanistan and Pakistan to act against one another. The correct thing for them to do is to act in the spirit of brotherhood required by the moral values of the Quran. Only then can they live in tranquillity, trust, peace, wealth and happiness.
Adnan Oktar's piece on Pakistan Observer:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La comune infezione da lieviti della vagina, detta candidosi, è un tipo di vaginite: ovvero un’infiammazione della vagina. Nel canale vaginale vivono naturalmente funghi e batteri, ma quando il fungo Candida albicans comincia a riprodursi troppo, si può soffrire di candidosi. Questo fungo può aumentare quando il sistema immunitario è debole o quando i batteri "buoni" (detti lattobacilli) non riescono a tenerne la crescita sotto controllo.
Questa condizione è spesso causata da un’alterazione delle difese immunitarie, trattamenti antibiotici, alterazioni della flora vaginale.
Ci sono momenti in cui sei più predisposta alla candidosi:
- Se sei in gravidanza
- Se hai finito un ciclo di antibiotici
- Se hai il diabete
- Se hai il ciclo mestruale
- Se prendi la pillola anticoncezionale
- Se hai un’infezione da HIV
Chi prende la candidosi?
Avere la candidosi è del tutto normale: circa il 75% delle donne la contrarrà almeno una volta nella vita, mentre molte donne possono soffrire di candida ricorrente.
Se non hai mai sofferto di questo problema femminile e credi che potresti averla, rivolgiti al tuo medico. Una volta riconosciuti i tuoi sintomi e saputo che non sono gravi, il medico ti aiuterà a trattare la candidosi con la terapia adeguata a base di antimicotici, non ci vorrà molto per curarla.
Capita sempre a me…
La candida è un’infezione molto comune. 3 donne su 4 ne soffrono almeno una volta nella vita.
Candidosi e gravidanza
La candidosi non ti impedisce di rimanere incinta. Tuttavia, alcuni dei sintomi possono rendere fastidiosi i rapporti sessuali.
Se sei incinta è del tutto naturale che i tuoi ormoni si alterino e influiscano sul tuo corpo, aumentando le probabilità che tu contragga questa infezione.
Se sei incinta o stai allattando e hai la candidosi, parla con il tuo medico prima di prendere qualsiasi medicinale.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>我接触金融衍生品近4年。
目前还没有从市场上获得像样的利润。
保持盈利时间最长的记录是三个月，450元，三个月时间翻了十倍。
盈利最高的时候，是第一次
入金
，
人生
中第一个账户，在铁汇开的，60%的
奖金
，入金1500
美金
，账户资金达到2500美金左右。
一周时间，
账户金额
超过
1万美元
。
之后就被爆仓了，完全
没有办法
。
我估计总共损失了7000美元。
年轻人，钱不多。
2013年7月，我还在上大学的时候，就打算在暑假期间找一份暑期工。
我对
就业没有任何概念，找工作也不可能。
有一天，我联系了表哥，他说他在上海一家金融公司。
当时我对金融的理解只是一个名词。
后来一个人去了上海，去现货白银公司面试做
业务员
。
这也是我人生中第一次接触到盘面。
感觉行情涨跌都很容易。
当时
我就
决定，如果能学会交易技巧，岂不是一个赚钱的金融炼金术？作为公司的业务员，我主要是开发客户。
在其他业务员午休的时候，我就在网上找有关股票、期货的视频看。
这是学习的初始阶段。
但
银行
贷款
则不同。
它们没有
流动性
，有固定的利润。
因此，银行通过贷款的数量
而不是
价格来适应经济状况的变化。
当问题出现时，银行只要减少贷款，
就可以
避免贷款
违约
，所以
大家都
急于成为第一个
撤离
的人
。
25日
，
泰国
卫生部透露，在泰国首都曼谷北郊的
拉克
西地区一建筑工地宿舍区检测出累计62例
新冠肺炎
确诊
病例，这些确诊病例感染
的是
最早在印度发现的B.1.617.2变异
新冠病毒
。
据共同社消息，
日本
政府25日表示，将把去过印度、孟加拉国、马尔代夫、尼泊尔、巴基斯坦和斯里兰卡等国旅行的人员指定地点隔离期从6天延长到
10天
，计划于5月28日生效。
入境日本前14天内曾到访过上述
国家
的旅行者，必须在入境日本后进入政府指定的设施接受为期10天的隔离，在此期间还将接受三次核酸检测。
总体来看，随着投资者权衡潜在的供应增加及预期的需求上升，市场可能会保持震荡，因伊核谈判重新开启，油价将处于观望状态，直到重启伊朗核协议的第五轮谈判完成，能源交易商需要知道有多少伊朗原油会进入市场。
此外，伊朗总统大选或也将在后期对油价走势构成一定的影响，因其当前候选人都对核协议持强硬态度。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گفته می شود سگی که در داخل گودال قرار دارد در اثر تصادف با یک خودرو جانش را از دست داده است. این ویدئو بلافاصله در شبکه های اجتماعی سراسر جهان منتشر گردید و با واکنش کاربران زیادی همراه بود.
یکی از کاربران در کامنتی جالب نوشت: ” لطفا به رفتار این سگ دقت کنید. او برای دفن دوستش، از پنجه اش استفاده نمی کند بلکه با استفاده از پوزه خود خاک را جابجا می کند. این نشان دهنده نهایت احترامی است که او برای دوستش قائل است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: Oct 23,
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8,500 residents living in a mix of multifamily apartments, condominiums, and single-family homes. Reduction of hazardous fuels and removal of select invasive species will take place on 120 acres of MPHOA owned common property, much of which is forested. The project area includes environmentally sensitive lands (forested, streamside, and wetland ecologies) and has a trails network that is open to the public. Steep slopes, dense non-native vegetation, and the interface between wildland and urban areas present high risk for wildfires.
The forested area is mainly confined to steep slopes that are topped by the residential areas, increasing the likelihood that a wildfire could develop with catastrophic results to residences – a single cigarette or coal from a barbecue has the potential to start a catastrophic wildfire in these conditions. This forested property is also infested with invasive plants (including ivy, European clematis, blackberry and invasive tree species) that threaten the resilience of the forest and health of native trees, shrubs, and wildlife within the system.
Description of Treatment Activities
Treatment focuses on hazardous fuel reduction including both ground and ladder fuels. Woody debris from the 2021 ice storm, and other accumulated debris, will be treated by a combination of collection and chipping and bucking into smaller sections to allow soil contact that promotes natural disintegration. Ladder fuels from woody invasive species will be removed with a major focus on English holly, common hawthorn and sweet cherry. Lower limbs from some native trees will be pruned to further reduce ladder fuels. Resulting fuels will be chipped and stumps carefully treated with herbicide to prevent regrowth. Removal of hazardous fuels within 20 feet of trails will be particularly thorough to reduce the possibility of human caused fire.
Where necessary there will be replanting with fire adapted native species that also meet anticipated requirements to flourish in a warmer climate with prolonged periods of summer drought. One of the benefits of this project beyond wildfire protection is the enhancement of a significant urban forest to support anticipated pressures from climate change and the removal of invasive plant species resulting in a healthier urban forest ecosystem.
This work will be completed by a combination of MPHOA Landscape Stewardship staff, ODF Fuels Reduction Crews, OLWC workforce development participants (Teen Rangers) and volunteers organized by OLWC.
Tasks and Timeline
Summer, 2022: Site Preparation and Permitting
- Outreach to MPHOA residents, community partners, stakeholders explaining both hazardous fuel reduction and the importance of addressing fire risk on individually owned properties.
- Preparation of site maps delineating invasive trees that will be removed and application for City of Lake Oswego Permits. Marking of invasive trees for removal, and other tree survey activities.
- Ivy (Hedera helix), Clematis (Clematis vitalba) and other invasive vines will be removed from trees and snags on 120 acres. Invasive vines will be cut and removed from 0 to 6 feet from ground level. Ivy will be piled to prevent rooting.
- Pruning lower limbs from select trees with loppers
- Hazardous fuel reduction within 20 feet of 2 miles of trail.
Fuels Treatment [June 15, 2022 – June 15, 2023]
The OLWC Teen Rangers and MPHOA Landscape Services Department (LSD) staff will assist in the implementation of this task.
- Invasive trees will be treated to reduce fuel loads. English hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), English holly (Ilex aquifolium), Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) and other trees and shrubs on Lake Oswego’s invasive plant list will be targeted. These stumps and small diameter suckers/seedlings will be treated selectively with herbicide to prevent regrowth. All herbicide applications will be conducted as specified by the product label and in accordance with state and local laws. Applicators will meet all licensing requirements specified by state law.
- Select small diameter native tree saplings outside of sensitive lands (< 6 inches DBH) may be removed when the stocking density exceeds 200 stems per acre. Low thinning methods will be utilized. Suppressed, damaged and diseased individuals will be prioritized for removal in order to promote health forest succession processes. In stands where conifer stocking levels are below 100 stems per acer, hardwoods will be targeted for removal. Downed wood and other material forming ladder fuels will be cut and bucked. Leave trees may have lower limbs pruned. Habitat snags will be retained whenever possible.
- Dead woody material that is between 6 inches and 1-inches in diameter will be chipped. Chips will be scattered on site to improve local soil nutrients and moisture while preventing erosion.
- Material that is between 6 and 12 inches in diameter will be bucked into segments not to exceed 6 feet and will contact the ground.
- Material that is 12 inches in diameter or greater will be retained for ecological function. Retained logs will be moved or cut in a manner to reduce fire intensity adjacent to trees, infrastructure and private property.
- In total: 120 acres cleared of hazardous fuels including: 120 acres of non commercial thinning, 120 acres of variable density pruning, 120 acres chipping and 120 acres of bucking 6 to 12 inch diameter material.
November 2022 – ODF-FMT Work begin treating 100 acres.
Oregon Department of Forestry crews started work on November 1st beginning with invasive understory removal, finalizing invasive tree permits, and updating mitigation plans for diversifying the plant community. Currently, the crews are removing small diameter invasive trees through the area. MPHOA, ODF and OLWC staff participated in a chainsaw training on November 8th.
Resources for Mountain Park Residents
Mountain Park Fuel Reduction Project FAQ
Local, Sustainable Jobs – LO Rangers
Lake Oswego Teen Rangers is a program established by the Oswego Lake Watershed Council as a way to support students serving the local community. Six students from Lake Oswego and Lakeridge High Schools will support the fuel reduction efforts and provide students the opportunity to engage with neighborhoods, develop new environmental job skills and learn more about habitat enhancement and catastrophic wildfire prevention in Lake Oswego.
The national Firewise USA® program provides a collaborative framework to help neighbors in a geographic area get organized, find direction, and take action to increase the ignition resistance of their homes and community and to reduce wildfire risks at the local level.
Forming a Firewise community is voluntary and led by residents, with support and resources from community partners including the Lake Oswego Fire Department and Oswego Lake Watershed Council.
Benefits of becoming a Firewise accredited community in Lake Oswego:
- A dedicated space where homeowners can voice their concerns and ideas
- Attainable framework for creating defensible spaces
- Access to checklists for easy, routine tasks to make homes more resistant to ignition in the case of a wildfire.
- Endorsed by Lake Oswego Fire Department who will provide site assessments and recommendations
- FEMA Grants and other funding opportunities for long term wildfire hazard mitigation
- Utilizes community partnerships
- Provides educational material and ongoing research
- Brings community together over a common goal
- Serves as an example for other neighborhoods in Lake Oswego
“We make instant decisions in our efforts to protect homes during a wildfire based on what looks to be defensible; take the Firewise Prevention steps today to make sure you are ready for tomorrow.”
—Chief Don Johnson, Lake Oswego Fire Department
Resources for Lake Oswego Residents
Lake Oswego Fire Department
The Lake Oswego Fire Department has resources on their website that provide more information on home fuel reduction zones and defensible space and seasonal maintenance guidelines and checklist tasks to routinely address those fuel reduction zones.
Sign up for a Wildland-Urban Interface Home Assessment
The Lake Oswego Fire Department also offers assessments for homes in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI). Assessments focus on the home ignition zone and provide recommendations on ways to eliminate the fire’s potential relationship with the house. You can sign up here.
Firewise USA®: The national Firewise USA® recognition program provides a collaborative framework to help neighbors in a geographic area get organized, find direction, and take action to increase the ignition resistance of their homes and community and to reduce wildfire risks at the local level.
Click here to learn more about the Firewise USA® Program.
Information on Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Indigenous use of fire
Description of TEK
TEK vs Western Science
Gabe Shoeships – The Value of Cultural Burning in Forest Management
Tryon Creek Community Ecology Talk – Frank Lake on Fire Ecology and Management
Toward a better understanding of climate and human impacts on late Holocene fire regimes in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Prescribed Fire: Why We Burn
The Role of Indigenous Burning in Land Management
Forest resiliency, wildfire risk and hazardous fuel reduction
Mountain Park 2019-2024 Common Properties Master Plan
Firewise Communities and steps to prepare your neighborhood for wildfire
Steps to becoming a Firewise community
How to prepare your home for wildfire
Lake Oswego Fire Department guidelines
HOA and NA Communities in Oregon implementing Firewise communities and undergoing similar fuel reduction projects
Forest Park, Multnomah County https://forestparkconservancy.org/fire/
Linnton, Portland, Multnomah County https://www.portland.gov/fire/your-safety/firewise-community-program
Sunburst II, West Linn, Clackamas County https://www.sunburst2.org/p/Firewise-2
Barrington Heights, West Linn, Clackamas County https://www.barrington-heights.com/?s=firewise&apbct__email_id__search_form=
Deerfield Park 1&2, Happy Valley, Clackamas County
Oakridge-Westfir, Lane County – https://www.swfcollaborative.org/firewise<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The luminescent marine dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra, exhibits a diurnal rhythm in the rate of photosynthesis and photosynthetic capacity measured by incorporation of C14O2, at different times of day. With cultures grown on alternating light and dark periods of 12 hours each, the maximum rate is at the 8th hour of the light period. Cultures transferred from day-night conditions to continuous dim light continue to show the rhythm of photosynthetic capacity (activity measured in bright light) but not of photosynthesis (activity measured in existing dim light). Cultures transferred to continuous bright light, however, do not show any rhythm. Several other properties of the photosynthetic rhythm are similar to those of previously reported rhythms of luminescence and cell division. This similarity suggests that a single mechanism regulates the various rhythms.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Dinesh Vadhia, CEO and founder of “item search” company Xyggy, has been an active member of the Noisy Community for at least a year, and it is with pleasure that I publish this guest post by him, University of Cambridge / CMU Professor Zoubin Ghahramani, and University of Cambridge / Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit researcher Katherine Heller. I’ve annotated the post with Wikipedia links in the hope of making it more accessible to readers without a background in statistics or machine learning.
People are very good at learning new concepts after observing just a few examples. For instance, a child will confidently point out which animals are “dogs” after having seen only a couple of examples of dogs before in their lives. This ability to learn concepts from examples and to generalize to new items is one of the cornerstones of intelligence. By contrast, search services currently on the internet exhibit little or no learning and generalization.
Bayesian Sets is a new framework for information retrieval based on how humans learn new concepts and generalize. In this framework a query consists of a set of items which are examples of some concept. Bayesian Sets automatically infers which other items belong to that concept and retrieves them. As an example, for the query with the two animated movies, “Lilo & Stitch” and “Up”, Bayesian Sets would return other similar animated movies, like “Toy Story“.
How does this work? Human generalization has been intensely studied in cognitive science and various models have been proposed based on some measure of similarity and feature relevance. Recently, Bayesian methods have emerged as models of both human cognition and as the basis of machine learning systems.
Bayesian Sets – a novel framework for information retrieval
Consider a universe of items, where the items could be web pages, documents, images, ads, social and professional profiles, publications, audio, articles, video, investments, patents, resumes, medical records, or any other class of items we may want to query.
An individual item is represented by a vector of features of that item. For example, for text documents, the features could be counts of word occurrences, while for images the features could be the amounts of different color and texture elements.
Given a query consisting of a small set of items (e.g. a few images of buildings) the task is to retrieve other items (e.g. other images) that belong to the concept exemplified by the query. To achieve the task, we need a measure, or score, of how well an available item fits in with the query items.
A concept can be characterized by using a statistical model, which defines the generative process for the features of items belonging to the concept. Parameters control specific statistical properties of the features of items. For example, a Gaussian distribution has parameters which control the mean and variance of each feature. Generally these parameters are not known, but a prior distribution can represent our beliefs about plausible parameter values.
The score used for ranking the relevance of each item x given the set of query items Q compares the probabilities of two hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that the item x came from the same concept as the query items Q. For this hypothesis, compute the probability that the feature vectors representing all the items in Q and the item x were generated from the same model with the same, though unknown, model parameters. The alternative hypothesis is that the item x does not belong to the same concept as the query examples Q. Under this alternative hypothesis, compute the probability that the features in item x were generated from different model parameters than those that generated the query examples Q. The ratio of the probabilities of these two hypotheses is the Bayesian score at the heart of Bayesian Sets, and can be computed efficiently for any item x to see how well it “fits into” the set Q.
This approach to scoring items can be used with any probabilistic generative model for the data, making it applicable to any problem domain for which a probabilistic model of data can be defined. In many instances, items can be represented by a vector of features, where each feature can either be present or absent in the item. For example, in the case of documents the features may be words in some vocabulary, and a document can be represented by a binary vector x where element j of this vector represents the presence or absence of vocabulary word j in the document. For such binary data, a multivariate Bernoulli distribution can be used to model the feature vectors of items, where the jth parameter in the distribution represents the frequency of feature j. Using the beta distribution as the natural prior the score can be computed extremely efficiently.
An important aspect of Bayesian Sets is that it automatically learns which features are relevant from queries consisting of two or more items. For example, a movie query consisting of “The Terminator” and “Titanic” suggests that the concept of interest is movies directed by James Cameron, and therefore Bayesian Sets is likely to return other movies by Cameron. We feel that the power of queries consisting of multiple example items is unexploited in most search engines. Searching using examples is natural and intuitive for many situations in which the standard text search box is too limited to express the user’s information need, or infeasible for the type of data being queried.
The Bayesian Sets method has been applied to diverse problem domains including: unlabelled image search using low-level features such as color, texture and visual bag-of-words; movie suggestions using the MovieLens and Netflix ratings data; music suggestions using last.fm play count and user tag data; finding researchers working on similar topics using a conference paper database; searching the UniProt protein database with features that include annotations, sequence and structure information; searching scientific literature for similar papers; and finding similar legal cases, New York Times articles and patents.
Apart from web and document search, Bayesian Sets can also be used for ad retrieval through content matching, building suggestion systems (“if you liked this you will also like these” which is about understanding the user’s mindset instead of the traditional “people who liked your choice also liked these”) and finding similar people based on profiles (e.g. for social networks, online dating, recruitment and security). All these applications illustrate the countless range of problems for which the patent-pending Bayesian Sets provides a powerful new approach to finding relevant information. Specific details of engineering features for particular applications can be provided in a separate post (or comments).
Interactive search box
An important aspect of our approach is that the search box accepts text queries as well as items, by dragging them in and out of the search box. An implementation using patent data is at http://www.xyggy.com/patent.php. Enter keywords (e.g., “earthquake sensor”) and relevant items to the keywords are displayed. Drag an item of interest from the results into the search box and the relevance changes. When two or more items are added into the search box, the system discovers what they have in common and returns better results. Items can be toggled in/out of the search by clicking the +/- symbol and items can be completely removed by dragging them out of the search box. Each change to an item in the search box automatically retrieves new relevant results. A future version will allow for explicit relevance feedback. Certain data sets also lend themselves to a faceted search interface and we are working on a novel implementation in this area.
In our current implementation, items are dragged into the search box from the results list, but it is easy to see how they could be dragged from anywhere on the web or intranet. For example, a New York Times reader could drag an article or image of interest into the search box to find other items of relevance. There is a natural affinity between an interactive search box as described and the new generation of touch devices.
Bayesian Sets demonstrates that intelligent information retrieval is possible, using a Bayesian statistical model of human learning and generalization. This approach, based on sets of items encapsulates several novel principles. First, retrieving items based on a query can be seen as a cognitive learning problem; where we have used our understanding of human generalization to design the probabilistic framework. Second, retrieving items from large corpora requires fast algorithms and the exact computations for the Bayesian scoring function are extremely fast. Finally, the example-based paradigm for finding coherent sets of items is a powerful new alternative and complement to traditional query-based search.
Finding relevant information from vast repositories of data has become ubiquitous in modern life. We believe that our approach, based on cognitive principles and sound Bayesian statistics, will find many uses in business, science and society.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Uluslararası Futbol Federasyonları Birliği (FIFA), İzlanda maçı öncesi Katar'a karşı eylem düzenleyen Almanya Milli takımına yaptırım olmayacağını duyurdu.
Alman takımın futbolcuları, İzlanda'yı 3-0 yendiği müsabaka öncesi sahaya "insan hakları" sözcüğünün harflerinin yazılı olduğu tişörtlerle sahaya çıkmıştı. FIFA Dünya Kupası 2022'nin Katar'da düzenlenecek olması küresel çapta tartışma yaratmıştı. İnsan hakları dernekleri, dev organizasyona hazırlanan Katar'ı göçmen işçilerin
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çok doyurucu ve mükemmel bir bölümdü. Zaten sizin de savaş bölümlerini benim sevdiğim kadar sevdiğinizi biliyorum, o yüzden eminim bu bölüm sizi de mutlu edecektir. Weed savaştan sonra neler kazanacağını hesaplıyorken ruh çağıranların onun taktik hazırladığını düşünmeleri baya komikti yalnız, epey güldüm orada. Weed’in okuduğu şiir de çok komikti tabii. Bu arada Büyük Doğa Felaketi Oymacılığı’nın sonuçlarını görmek için sabırsızlanıyorum, okumaya devam dostlar!
Takipte kalın! Yorumlarınızı bizimle paylaşmayı ve serimizi beğenmeyi de unutmayın lütfen! Görüşmek üzere!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>"Un provvedimento imponente", con "interventi positivi" e la "definitiva e apprezzabile eliminazione delle clausole di salvaguardia". E' il commento di Confindustria al Dl Rilancio pensato dal governo per superare l'emergenza coronavirus. Tuttavia "manca un disegno complessivo per la ripresa" ed è un provvediemnto "carente nel costruire un set di strumenti per la gestione della crisi industriale", ha detto la dg di Confindustria Marcella Panucci.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>فابیو کوئنترائو از منتقدین رونالدو انتقاد کرد و از آن ها خواست پس از بازی خوب پرتغال مقابل مجارستان بیایند و صحبت کنند.
در جریان تساوی ۳-۳ دو تیم پرتغال و مجارستان، رونالدو( مدافع پرتغال ) موفق شد پاس گل اول را برای نانی مهیا کند و پس از آن دو بار موفق به گلزنی شد. پرتغالی ها توانستند به عنوان یکی از تیم های سوم صعود کننده به دور بعد رقابت ها نام خود را ثبت کنند.
زمانی که انتقاد ها به شدت از کریس رونالدو بالا گرفته بود و سراسر اروپا، رسانه هایی به کوباندن رونالدو مشغول بودند، فوق ستاره رئال مادرید با یک نمایش فوق العاده توانست تا حدی از زیر فشار ها بیرون آید.
فابیو کوئنترائو، هم وطن رونالدو، با گذاشتن تصویری در صفحه اینستاگرامش که در آن رونالدو به گوش هایش اشاره می کند، نوشت:
حالا صحبت کنید. طوطی ها!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>تیم فوتبال ذوبآهن توانست با برتری ۲ بر یک برابر پارس جنوبی جم، راهی یک هشتم نهایی جام حذفی شود
به گزارش سلام نو، دو تیم فوتبال پارس جنوبی جم و ذوبآهن اصفهان در چارچوب مرحله یک شانزدهم نهایی جام حذفی از ساعت ۱۸:۱۵ در ورزشگاه تختی جم به مصاف هم رفتند که شاگردان علیرضا منصوریان پس از ۱۲۰ دقیقه تلاش، توانستند میزبان خود را با نتیجه ۲ بر یک شکستند دهند و به جمع ۱۶ تیم برتر جام حذفی ملحق شوند.
در این دیدار ابتدا کریستانتوس در دقیقه ۲۲ ذوبیها را پیش انداخت اما رضا خالقیفر در دقیقه ۳۵ بازی را به تساوی کشاند. این پایان کار نبود و در دقیقه دوم وقتهای اضافه، وحید محمدزاده از روی نقطه پنالتی گل دوم شاگردان منصوریان را به ثمر رساند تا این نماینده اصفهان باشد که راهی یک هشتم نهایی جام حذفی میشود./ ایسنا<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>İngiltere Başbakanı tatile ucuz havayolu şirketiyle gitti
David Cameron Portekiz'de tatilde olan ailesinin yanına giderken ucuz havayolu şirketi Easyjet'le uçtu.
3 saat süren yolculukta İngiltere Başbakanı Cameron'la aynı sırada oturan Ashleigh isimli yolcu, görüntüleri sosyal medyada paylaştı.
Genç kız Cameron'ın cips yerken çektiği fotoğrafını "Başbakan 3 koltuk yanımda oturuyor ve kırmızı biberli cips yiyor, yardım edin" mesajıyla Twitter'da da yayınladı.
BBC'ye konuşan yolcu durumu "alçakgönüllü" bulduğunu söyledi. Ashleigh arkasında Cameron'ın göründüğü şekilde selfie çekmeyi de başardı.
Yolculukta Başbakan'ın yan koltuğuna ise koruması oturdu.
Fofoğraflar sosyal medyada da çok fazla paylaşıldı.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش پایگاه خبری بااقتصاد، تالار محصولات صنعتی و معدنی بورس کالای ایران امروز دوشنبه ۱۹ مهر ماه میزبان عرضه ۸۵ هزار تن گندله سنگ آهن شرکت صنعتی و معدنی اپال پارسیان سنگان است.
۳ هزار تن ورق گالوانیزه، ۲ هزار و ۱۱۰ تن مس کاتد، یک هزار و ۵۶۵ تن مس مفتول، ۴۴۰ تن سیم و مفتول مسی، ۱۰۰ تن شمش روی و ۱۰ کیلوگرم شمش طلا نیز در تالار مذکور عرضه می شود.
تالار صادراتی نیز عرضه ۵۳ هزار و ۹۰۰ تن قیر و ۳ هزار تن گوگرد کلوخه را تجربه خواهد کرد.
تالار فرآورده های نفتی و پتروشیمی بورس کالای ایران در این روز میزبان عرضه ۶۲ هزار و ۸۸۰ تن مواد پلیمری، قیر، وکیوم باتوم، لوب کات، روغن پایه و پارافین واکس است.
بازار فرعی بورس کالای ایران نیز در این روز عرضه ۲ هزار و ۵۵۴ تن دوده صنعتی و الیاف استیپل و ۱۱۰ تن انیدرید فتالیک صادراتی را تجربه می کند./کالاخبر<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Due occhi scuri che brillano come stelle, il loro languido sguardo accarezza la tua pelle, ti sciolgono il cuore e ti confondono i pensieri emozioni che non conoscevi fino a ieri, ti perdi nel suo sorriso mentre le tue mani vorrebbero accarezzare il suo viso, socchiudi gli occhi e taci mentre la tua bocca sogna i suoi baci, volgi lo sguardo altrove e tremi hai paura di mostrargli che è per lui che fremi.
Commenta<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Tempo di lettura: 2 minuti
Un uomo si risveglia dopo un lungo sonno. Crede che siano passate poche ore, ma in realtà sono trascorsi 84 anni: siamo nel febbraio del 2092 e lui è in vacanza su Marte. Si chiama Nemo Nobody ed è il protagonista della storia che il regista belga Jaco van Dormael, quello del folgorante esordio con Toto le hero, ha raccontato nel suo ultimo film, Mr Nobody appunto, in corsa per il prossimo festival di Cannes dove la sua seconda pellicola, L’ottavo giorno, fu premiata nel ’96 per i due protagonisti, Pascal Duquenne (un ragazzo down) e Daniel Auteuil.
Nel 2008, quando si era addormentato, Nobody aveva 36 anni, era felicemente sposato e aveva tre figli. Quando si sveglia è un vecchio di 120 anni e sta per morire: è l’unico mortale di un’umanità nuova dove non muore più nessuno. Non è preoccupato per la sua morte, ma per la sua vita passata. La sola domanda che lo assilla è se ha vissuto la vita giusta, se ha amato la donna che doveva amare, se ha avuto i figli di cui doveva essere padre. E, con un meccanismo alla Sliding Doors, Nemo Nobody comincia a immaginare, sognare, vivere tutte le vite che avrebbe potuto avere se le sue scelte fossero state diverse. A partire da quando, ancora bambino, sul marciapiede di una stazione fu costretto a scegliere se correre verso le braccia protese di sua madre che lo avrebbe portato in Canada o verso quelle di suo padre che lo avrebbe portato in Inghilterra.
Van Dormael ha cominciato a pensare a questo film nel 2001 ed è sicuramente il progetto più ambizioso di tutto il cinema belga. Girato in inglese tra Belgio, Germania e Canada ha richiesto 120 giorni di riprese ed un budget di 37 milioni di Euro. Sarah Polley è stata la prima persona ad entrare nel cast, nella parte di una delle moglie di Nobody, ruolo affidato a Jared Leto, mentre le altre mogli del protagonista sono Diane Kruger e Linh Dan Phan
Il regista definisce il film «la storia di un uomo che ha più vite contemporaneamente, che vive tutte le vite possibili», ma anche «la storia di un vecchio, dell’ultimo mortale sulla terra che cerca di sapere chi sia veramente. E si ricorda di tanti passati». Il film è infine «la storia di un bambino i cui genitori si separano ed ha due vite: una con suo padre e una con sua madre. Due vite parallele, come se fossero assolutamente indipendenti. E poi incontra o forse non incontra una donna, e trascorre o non trascorre la vita con lei. È una costruzione – spiega – che si ramifica a partire dall’infanzia, e poi dall’adolescenza. È come se ad ogni biforcazione, ad ogni scelta, caso o circostanza, le possibilità si moltiplicassero e fosse possibile viverle tutte per poterle paragonare».
«Crediamo – riflette van Dormael – di avere il controllo delle nostre vite facendo delle scelte, ma il numero dei parametri che entrano nel conto è enorme. Perchè facciamo una certa scelta? Conosciamo la ragione dell’impulso che ci fa operare una scelta? La facciamo liberamente?».<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Design Del Sorriso Di Hollywood
Smile design è il nome di processi che includono un piccolo processo di sbiancamento, ma includono anche lavori come il rivestimento laminato, lo zirconio.Per questo motivo, il Sorriso di Hollywood dovrebbe essere considerato nel suo complesso, in cui più di un fattore viene valutato insieme, come la posizione dei denti, la visibilità delle decalcomanie e la postura delle labbra.
L'estetica del sorriso di Hollywood è completata in circa una settimana nei casi in cui non ci sono problemi di salute dentale in bocca.Il design del sorriso di Hollywood viene creato dal medico secondo una decisione comune creando un piano per la struttura e le esigenze dentali del paziente.Ad esempio, le procedure di solito applicate alla gomma sono chiamate estetica rosa; mentre le procedure applicate per i denti bianchi e lisci sono di solito applicazioni come lo zirconio, la lamina di porcellana, che sono coperte con il titolo di estetica bianca.
Con le foto prima e dopo il sorriso di Hollywood, si vede anche che i disturbi dentali esistenti della persona vengono eliminati e ripristinati a un aspetto naturale ed estetico.Il prezzo del sorriso di Hollywood è determinato dal medico in base alle esigenze di salute orale e dentale del paziente e varia da 3 mila a 30 mila TL.
Cos'è il sorriso hollywoodiano?
Il sorriso di Hollywood è iniziato e si è diffuso a Hollywood con la sostituzione della superficie anteriore dei denti degli attori durante le riprese dei film in un tempo molto breve.Hollywood Smile, che può essere applicato in pazienti in cui i colori dei denti sono scuri e ci sono pochissime complicazioni, è rivestito sul dente con adesivi speciali per rivestimento in zirconio e lamina, e queste procedure vengono eseguite senza alcun danno al dente sano esistente.
Come fare un sorriso di Hollywood?
Per l'estetica del sorriso di Hollywood, il design digitale del sorriso viene eseguito con procedure fotografiche e di misurazione nella prima fase, quindi viene preparato un modello per denti e gengive.Questo modello, che viene preparato in seguito, viene applicato al paziente e, se soddisfatto, viene avviata la costruzione di denti reali e il design del sorriso viene completato fornendo sbiancamento e controlli generali.
Riassunto del trattamento
Tempo di funzionamento
1-3 ore
Tipo di anestesia
Anestesia locale
Ricovero
Nessun
Torna subito al
lavoro
Tipo di garanzia
Garanzia a vita
Alloggio
Hotel di lusso
Trasferimento
Si
A chi può essere applicato il sorriso hollywoodiano?
Il sorriso di Hollywood può essere applicato a persone con denti sottili, a coloro che vogliono schiarire i denti o alle persone con cavità nei denti.Durante queste procedure, l’attenzione è rivolta alla salute dentale esistente, l’estetica del sorriso può essere applicata a ogni uomo e donna che vuole avere un sorriso estetico.
Quali sono i metodi di Hollywood Smile?
Hollywood smile significa eseguire procedure come sbiancare i denti di una persona, levigare le loro decapitazioni, riempire le lacune o coprirle con porcellana fogliare insieme.
I metodi del sorriso di Hollywood sono metodi che mirano a rendere una persona più liscia e più bianca dei denti, e il metodo appropriato è determinato in base alle esigenze estetiche dentali di una persona e alle condizioni dei loro denti.
Questi metodi sono: lamina di porcellana, rivestimento in zirconio, incollaggio (sbiancamento), impiallacciatura su laminato (foglia di porcellana), gengivectomia (rimozione delle gengive e estetica rosa.Il metodo di incollaggio è uno strato di resina applicato sui denti, e questi strati sono utilizzati anche per alleggerire il colore dei denti fornendo un aspetto naturale.Poiché lo zirconio è costituito da un materiale trasparente più resistente del metallo, fornisce un aspetto naturale riflettendo il colore dei denti situati nella parte inferiore.La lamina di porcellana è una sostanza con proprietà simili, viene rapidamente applicata alla superficie anteriore del dente e fornisce un aspetto estetico.
Quali sono i vantaggi di un sorriso hollywoodiano?
Ci sono vantaggi come garantire che le persone con un sorriso hollywoodiano ottengano un aspetto più estetico e bello, oltre a ottenere denti più sani aumentando la durata dei denti.Con questi metodi, si vede tra i vantaggi che il risultato si ottiene in una media di 2 sedute e che è permanente per circa 2 anni.
Quali sono gli svantaggi di un sorriso hollywoodiano?
Gli svantaggi del sorriso di Hollywood includono l’alto costo, così come i reclami come i leggeri dolori durante la procedura. Oltre a questi svantaggi, va anche ricordato che le procedure estetiche del sorriso aumentano la durata dei denti proteggendo la loro salute.
Quanto dura un sorriso hollywoodiano?
Il sorriso di Hollywood viene solitamente completato entro 5-6 giorni se non ci sono problemi di salute in bocca e tutti i denti sono presenti.Ma se il paziente ha una cavità dentale, è necessario riempirlo prima, quindi dopo la procedura di impianto, viene eseguito uno studio di estetica del sorriso di Hollywood.Per questo motivo, la durata del design del sorriso varia a seconda del processo richiesto dai denti di una persona; si completa in circa una settimana.
Quanto costa un sorriso hollywoodiano?
Per Hollywood smile prices, è richiesto un esame medico specialista, il trattamento necessario dal medico è pianificato osservando le condizioni dentali della persona.Per questo motivo, i prezzi variano a seconda dell’individuo e la procedura Hollywood smile che è giusta per te viene decisa in base alla raccomandazione del tuo dentista.Ad esempio, l’impiallacciatura dentale laminata parte da 300 euro, mentre l’impiallacciatura dentale in zirconio parte da 300 euro.Il prezzo varia tra circa 3 mila e 30 mila TL per il prezzo Hollywood smile.
Quali sono le procedure di progettazione del sorriso di Hollywood?
Le procedure di progettazione del sorriso di Hollywood sono determinate in base alle esigenze della persona, vengono eseguiti trattamenti per molti problemi e design del sorriso.Questi processi di progettazione vengono eseguiti con processi come lo sbiancamento dei denti, la lamina di porcellana, la lamina composita, il rivestimento in zirconio.Oltre a questi, le procedure di progettazione del sorriso di Hollywood includono il trattamento delle gengive, la decalcomania delle labbra, il trattamento implantare e i trattamenti ortodontici.
Qual è l
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斯基在军事登记和征兵办公室安排了一场政治迫害
资料来源：spectator.co.uk
内部的敌人
到八月中旬，乌克兰总统办公室做出的决定已经成熟——解雇全国各地的地区军事委员。 这个决定是史无前例的。 事实上，在没有经过审判和调查的情况下，就决定一举罢免领导人，其中肯定有对政权有用的诚实的民族主义者。 但没有时间去猜测和找出真相——前线士兵会获取花絮。
而乌克兰地区军政委的位置，确实非常有味道。 只要回顾一下敖德萨地区前专员叶夫根尼·鲍里索夫（Yevgeny Borisov）就够了，他在该国实行戒严令后暴富了 4,5 万美元。 鲍里索夫又花费数十万购买豪华车队。 泽连斯基下令举行公开程序，并在地区人民委员部组织类似的检查。
公众感到愤怒——在敖德萨，他们在东线把所有人都抓成一排绞肉机，军事政委削减了优惠券，抹黑了富有的乌克兰人。 鲍里索夫是一个重要人物，要击倒他可不是那么容易的事。 一旦云层开始变厚，他就有足够的影响力搬到气候温暖的欧洲，但他不够聪明，无法永远留在那里。
他们抓走了基辅名誉扫地的军事政委，现在受贿者面临最高 10 年的监禁。 与地面部队指挥官希尔斯基的友谊也无济于事。 后者很好地减缓了针对鲍里索夫的调查措施，但西班牙的别墅却阻碍了那里的所有规范，甚至是“道德”。
乌克兰武装部队当前进攻的主要战略家应该首先离职。 但得到了军事委员。 在照片中 Syrsky 和 Zaluzhny
泽连斯基的政治迫害同时影响到多个方面。
首先，当地总统试图扮演严格而公平的国家之父。 据称，乌克兰司法的惩罚之手根除了总动员最敏感部分的腐败污秽。 在一个天真的乌克兰外行人眼中，这件事应该是这样的。 不到一个小时，受鼓舞的志愿者将再次前往乌克兰的军事委员会。 现在一切都很公平，因为前线的父亲们在掌舵。
基辅政权领导人以一贯的方式评论了他的决定：
这是泽伦斯基与自己的人民进行复杂博弈的另一个要素。 不幸的人首先因莫斯科和克里米亚大桥的恐怖袭击而饱受折磨，现在他们又忙于“独立正义”。
谁知道，对于某一部分年轻人来说， 故事 肯定会有影响。 但即便如此，也无助于弥补乌克兰在东部地区的巨大损失。 在国外，他们称乌克兰武装部队有 150 万名战士被杀，数字可怕。 如果算上伤员和残废人员，乌克兰的总损失可能接近XNUMX万。
很难相信这一点——否则军队根本不会遭受如此严重的损失。 但即使数字减少了两三倍，未来动员起来的正义机会也微乎其微。 正如不幸的人在街上被抓获一样，他们也将被抓获。 在不久的将来，可能会禁止拍摄和传播此类事件的视频。
泽连斯基严厉打击的第二个应该是边防部队——他们在国外释放了多少达到军事年龄的乌克兰人，只有班德拉知道。 不过，尽管总统在这个问题上保持沉默，但显然他正在等待前线再次失败，以开始新的牵制行动。
外部观察员
制定内部议程只是针对乌克兰军事委员的惩罚行动的目标之一。 西方消费者同样重要。 首先，那些对过去三个月乌克兰武装部队遭受难以理解的践踏的原因感兴趣的人。
理论上，泽连斯基应该在他的总参谋部中寻找那些对“兹拉达”负有责任的人。 无论何时，最高层的军事规划者都要对前线的失败负责。 希特勒对他的下属并不客气——曼施坦因、克莱斯特、博克、克鲁格等人在不同时间离开了岗位。 克鲁格通常会服毒，以免亲自出现在元首面前。 当然，扎卢日内和西尔斯基对于氰化钾来说还为时过早，他们也不敢。 但泽伦斯基首先清理向俄罗斯防御工事派遣部队的总参谋部是值得的。
但军事委员会已经宣布了猎巫行动。 基辅正试图向外国赞助商表明，已经从失败的攻势中得出结论，并采取反腐败措施。 目前尚不清楚需要具备何种程度的意识才能成功地吸收这一点，但令欧洲和美国担心的是乌克兰的腐败成分。 泽伦斯基似乎已经迈出了加入欧盟的第一步。
按照同样的逻辑，泽连斯基短期内也无法除掉扎卢日内和雷兹尼科夫。 在指责这对夫妇无能后，他签署了挪用西方数十亿美元援助的协议。 乌克兰武装部队成功进攻所缺失的资金有可能只是在第聂伯河右岸被盗。
所有乌克兰军官的愤世嫉俗和贿赂行为无一例外地有利于泽连斯基未来的总统野心。 有了一定的信心，我们就可以谈论乌克兰大选的开始了。 当然，非常奇特，但仍然在比赛。
过去，这位喜剧演员正是凭借反腐败口号上台的。 现在不需要发明任何东西了——所有的受贿者都集中在军事部门。 每个乌克兰人都清楚这一点。 这一点泽连斯基团队也很清楚。 选举定于2024年XNUMX月举行，西方正在向基辅施压——无论如何都必须举行选举。
无论人们如何看待局势，对于俄罗斯来说，乌克兰的风波都是一个好兆头。 一旦敌人开始为前线的失败寻找责任人，即使没有必要，你也应该立即站起来鼓掌。
泽连斯基不是已经向扎卢日内及其随从举手了吗？ 让国防官员继续策划正面进攻和“肉袭”。 希尔斯基已经投入战略预备队进行攻击——根据所有消息来源，来自第82空降旅的挑战者II飞抵扎波罗热桥头堡附近。
但不值得高估敌人阵营中的政治游戏。 在过去的一年半中，前线局势是由乌克兰最高领导层的事件决定的，而不是相反。 因此，只有战略性地击败乌克兰武装力量，才能扭转局势对我们有利。 这样一来，敌方地区军委中谁掌权就不再重要了。
订阅并了解最新新闻和当天最重要的事件。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Inizia ad imparare lo spagnolo oggi. Scarica i file audio spagnolo-italiano e impara mentre fai jogging, esercizio, pendolarismo, cucina o sonno. I file MP3 possono essere copiati sul tuo smartphone o iPad (tramite iTunes).
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Abbiamo aiutato le persone ad imparare le lingue per più di 15 anni. Sarai stupito di quanto velocemente imparerai a cavartela in spagnolo con i corsi di LinguaShop.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>از خوب به عالی : چرخه ی رشد
فرآیند رسیدن به سطح شرکت های رهسپار تعالی، از سه مرحله ی کلی تشکیل می شود: افراد منضبط، افکار منضبط و عملکردهای منضبط. در هر یک از سه مرحله، دو مفهوم نهفته است که در این چارچوب مشخص شده و در ادامه توضیح داده خواهد شد. حرکت در پیرامون کل این چارچوب، مفهومی است که ما آن را چرخه ی رشد می نامیم.
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افراد منضبط:
رهبری سطح پنجم: (سطوح رهبری را در مقالات آینده توضیح خواهیم داد) از این که دریافتیم، یک شرکت برای رسیدن به سطح عالی نیازمند چه نوع مدیریتی است، واقعا متعجب و حیرت زده شدیم. در مقایسه با مدیران سرآمد و شخصیت های برجسته ای که نام شان در تیتر اول روزنامه ها به چشم می خورد و بسیار مشهور هستند، به نظر می رسد رهبران فرآیند رهسپار تعالی از کره ی مریخ آمده اند. آنها افرادی متواضع، ساکت، موقر و حتی کم رو هستند.
ترکیب متناقض از تواضع فردی و اراده ی حرفه ای. آنها بیشتر به ابراهام لینکن و سقراط شبیه اند تا جرج پتون یا جولیوس سزار.
اول افراد، بعد هدف: ما گمان می کردم، رهبران رهسپار تعالی کار خود را با نوعی بینش و خط مشی جدید آغاز می کنند. اما بعد فهمیدیم که آنها ابتدا افراد شایسته را وارد سازمان کرده، افراد ناشایست را حذف و سپس افراد شایسته را در جایگاه مناسب قرار می دهند، بعد هدف خود را تعیین می کنند.
معلوم شد این گفته ی قدیمی که : “افراد، مهم ترین دارایی شما هستند.” نادرست است. افراد مهم ترین دارایی شما نسیتند. افراد مناسب، مهم ترین دارایی شما هستند.
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افکار منضبط:
با حقایق ناخوشایند روبرو شویم اما هرگز ایمان خود را از دست ندهیم: ما فهمیدیم برای یافتن راهی به سوی تعالی، مطالعه تجارب کسی که مدتی اسیر جنگی بوده، می تواند بیش از اغلب کتاب هایی که در خصوص خط مشی شرکت ها نگاشته شده اند، حاوی نکات سودمند باشد.
شما باید قویا به این موضوع ایمان داشته باشید که به رغم وجود مشکلات، در نهایت موفق خواهید شد، ولی در عین حال، به طور پیوسته خود را جهت رویارویی با تمام واقعیات ناخوشایند مهیا کنید.
مفهوم خارپشتی: جهش از درجه ی خوب به عالی مستلزم فرا رفتن از مرز شایستگی صِرف است. فقط به این دلیل که این کار حرفه ی اصلی شماست یا صِرف این که شما سال ها، بلکه چندین دهه به آن اشتغال داشته اید، لزوما به معنای آن نیست که شما برای انجام آن در دنیا بهترین هستید و اگر نمی توانید در انجام حرفه ی خود در دنیا حرف اول را بزنید، بنابراین بدیهی است که حرفه ی اصلی شما نمی تواند پایه ی یک شرکت عالی را بنا نهد. باید یک مفهوم ساده را که نشانگر درک عمیقی از سه محور فکری است، جایگزین این نحوه ی تفکر کنیم.
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عملکرد منضبط:
فرهنگ مبتنی بر نظم: همه ی شرکت ها از نوعی فرهنگ برخوردارند، برخی از شرکت ها مقررات دارند، اما تعداد معدودی از آنها فرهنگ نظم و مقررات دارند. وقتی شما افراد منظم دارید نیازی به سلسله مراتب ندارید. وقتی افکار منظم دارید، نیازی به تشریفات اداری ندارید.
وقتی اعمال شما همراه با نظم باشد، دیگر نیازی به کنترل شدن ندارید. وقتی فرهنگ مبتنی بر نظم را با وجدان کاری ادغام کنید، نوعی قدرت جادویی بدست می آورید که شما را به سمت عملکردهای عالی سوق می دهد.
شتاب دهنده های تکنولوژی: شرکت های رهسپار تعالی، در خصوص تاثیر فناوری برداشت متفاوتی دارند. آنها هرگز فناوری را ابزار اولیه ی ایجاد تحول تلقی نمی کنند. با این حال جای تعجب است که در زمینه ی استفاده ی دقیق از فناوری های برگزیده، حرف اول را می زنند. ما دریافتیم که فناوری به خودی خود، هرگز دلیل اولیه و اساسی صعود یا نزول یک سازمان نیست.
(منبع: از خوب به عالی، جیم کالینز)
ادامه ی مقالات “از خوب به عالی” را دنبال کنید…<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نویسنده: / ترجمه:
انقلاب مشروطیت ایران در سال های 1905 – 1911جنبشی برای برقراری نظام پارلمانی، ایجاد دولت مشروطه، انجام اصلاحات و تمرکز قدرت در دست دولت بود. این حرکت پیامدِ رویدادهای گوناگونی بود که در خلال قرن نوزدهم در ایران رخ داد: شکست های نظامی از روسیه، کاپیتولاسیون های تجاری، دادنِ امتیازهای بازرگانی به روسیه و بریتانیای کبیر، نفوذ اقتصادی اروپا، آشفتگی در روندِ کارِ تولیدکنندگان داخلی و به دنبال آن ناخشنودی اجتماعی. این انقلاب همچنین نتیجهٔ ازدیادِ گروه اندیشوران و روشنفکرانی بود که به دلیل تماس با مغرب زمین از حکومت مشروطه، سکولاریسم و ملی گرایی پشتیبانی می کردند و نیز نارضاییِ فزاینده ای که در میان تجار، علما و حتی درباریان به وجود آمده بود. افزون بر این، فروش زنان و دختران ایرانی از سوی روستاییان، برای پرداخت مالیات، یا ربوده شدن آنها به دست ترکمنان در شمال غرب ایران – درست پیش از انقلاب – از علل و کانون های عمده تر اعتراض ملی علیه دولت حاکم به شمار می آمد. نارضایی اجتماعی نخست به اعتراض علیه اعطای امتیاز تنباکو به یک انگلیسی انجامید (1891-1892). اعتراضی که از آن به مثابهٔ تمرین نهایی برای انقلاب مشروطیت یاد کرده اند زیرا این اعتراض موجب شد تا قشر متوسط سنتی جامعه با روشنفکران متجدد و علما متحد شوند. دو گروه نخست دست به تشکیل انجمن های سرّی زدند و با حکومت قاجار، که از نظر مالی ورشکسته و از نظر نظامی و مدیریتی هم نا کارآمد شده بود، به مخالفت برخاستند. این جنبش انقلابی به شدت تحت تأثیر جنگ روسیه و ژاپن به سال 1904 – 1905 و نیز انقلاب 1905 روسیه بود. جنگ روسیه و ژاپن نائره انقلاب روسیه را نیز مشتعل ساخته بود. در ضمن، هم این جنگ و هم انقلاب موجب شده بود تا روسیه نتواند تا سال 1909 – که جنبش انقلابی ایران روند عادی خود را به خوبی طی می کرد – در ایران دخالت نظامی کند. شکست های مصیبت بار ارتش روسیه تقویت کننده این بینش بود که امپراتوری روسیه ناکارآمد شده و به اصلاحات ریشه ای و بنیادی نیاز دارد. افزون بر این، شکست روسیه موجب شد تا باور نسبت به قدرت مشروطیت تقویت و پیروزیِ تنها قدرتِ مشروطه در آسیا بر تنها قدرت غیر مشروطه در اروپا آشکارا نشان داده شود. محقق و پژوهشگر انگلیسی، ادوارد براون، با تیزبینی گفته است:
((به گمانم در مشرق زمین دارد تحولاتی به وجود می آید. ظاهراً، پیروزی ژاپن تأثیر چشمگیر در سراسر مشرق زمین داشته است. حتی اینجا، در ایران هم، این پیروزی بی تأثیر نبوده است… . بر اساس پژوهش مختصری که پیرامون این موضوع انجام داده ام تقریباً چنین به نظرم می رسد که مشرق زمین دارد از خواب غفلت بیدار می شود… در ایران، به دلیل نزدیکی با روسیه این بیداری ظاهراً به شکل حرکتی در راستای صورت گرفتن اصلاحات دموکراتیک متجلی خواهد شد)).
انقلاب 1905 روسیه، که با ناآرامی ها و شورش های کارگران، دهقانان، دانشجویان، روشنفکران و اقلیت های قومی توانست نظام خودکامهٔ تزاری را به چالش گیرد، موفق شد مجلس قانون گذاری منتخب
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和西部地区；①就业人口素质偏低；②从事生产和研究的实际专业技术人员不足。如何在降低人口增长率的同时提升人口质量，是我国生育制度面临的更为长远、更为艰巨的伦理难题。
第二个理由与生育生态的伦理本原有关：生育制度以男女相悦（相爱）的结合为前提，以生男生女、抚育子女以延续人类自身和人类文明为旨归，其基本的制度化形式是婚姻与家庭。家庭不仅担负“生”的功能，还肩负“育”的使命，它是直接立足于饮食男女之“本原”的伦理实体。从“男女”至“夫妇”，然后“家-国-天下”的伦理秩序看，生育之“善”的伦理本原始自“男女”之“生态”。这也是中国古代思想特别强调阴阳平衡之缘由。从这一意义上，无论何种意义上的人口控制都不应干扰或破坏社会总体的男女性别平衡；这是一条源自生育生态的伦理本原而来的道德命令。中国生育控制在应对人口爆炸之危机的过程中，产生了出生性别比失衡的负面效应。自1982年以来，中国出生性别比男女比例数据明显偏高，人口控制引发性别比失衡的症候明显。③因此，中国人口控制的生育制度不能固守某种不变的传统或标准，它必须不断调整或警戒它所衍生的与生育生态不相匹配的伦理后果。对于中国生育制度的道德前景而言，改变以重男轻女为生育偏好的传统生育观乃是大势所趋。而适时调整生育控制的严格限制也是其实践合理性的基本要求。唯有如此，生育生态的伦理协调才可能以出生性别比为基准界定人口控制的适度或中道。
第三个理由源自如下观念：对于生育之善的生态权衡，使得人们在社会质态的人口学体征上不能忽视人口年龄结构的发展趋势。由于现代医学的发展和公共卫生体系的健全，特别是由于现代生活方式对传统生育制度和生育伦理观的巨大挑战甚至颠覆，现代社会普遍遭遇人口老龄化带来的各种社会伦理难题。在西欧、北美和日本等发达国家或地区，人口老龄化是一个与现代生活方式相伴而生的社会现象。中国至2005年底，60岁及以上老年人达到1.5亿左右，占全国人口总数的11%以上，占全球老年人口总量的1/5。中国日益卷入到由人口老龄化带来的不利于生育生态之“善”的以“白发浪潮”为标记的社会质态之中。中国社会人口老龄化，既有一般意义的现代性社会结构转型方面的原因，也有中国特色的人口控制或生育制度改革方面的原因。因而，它对家庭、社会和国家三大伦理实体的生态改变，决定着中国生育合理化的道德前景，且从社会质态的层面敞开了生育伦理的中国难题。
3、生育自由的道德限制：在权利的应享上保持适度
以上从总体出发的伦理方式及其支持理由表明，中国人口控制在生育生态之善的整体品质、伦理本原和社会质态上面临人口质量、出生性别比和人口老龄化带来的伦理难题，它实际地勾画出中国生育实践合理化的道德前景有赖于生育生态的总体伦理协调。然而，整体伦理协调要通过人口控制的生育制度作用于现实的人口生产和生育实践，这时它就与具体个人的生育自由建立起相互依存的本质关联。于是，一种“宏观”意义上的总体伦理必然会被一种“微观”意义上的道德意识所衡量或权衡。从这一意义上，我们遇到另一种类型的生育伦理难题，即从个体出发的伦理协调形式：它优先强调从个人自由的意义上“称量”权利之正当。这一类伦理难题，产生于人类文明的现代性结构转型之中，包括现代生活方式的“理性化”和现代技术的“座架化”。正如我们已经观察到的，生育自由作为基本人权，先行设定了对这种权利之应享的限制。在该领域的种种争论中，从个体出发的伦理，首先关心的是个人的道德世界，亦即个体良知的领域，它属于道德自由的范畴且并不直接受制于可由政治意志或者生育制度施行的制裁，但又总是与由之而来的责任或义务不可分割地联系在一起。因此，一种遵循道德世界之自立法度的生育自由，决定了个人的道德自主必须在生育行为的合理选择问题上保持适度或中道。
生育自由在内容上存在着两种，即“生育的自由”和“不生育的自由”；在形式上也存在着两种，即“免于干涉”和“自主意愿”。④个人的生育自由作为自由之一种，不论从其积极意义还是从其消极意义上，皆以特定生育制度的生育生态为前提，且总是受到时代的法律、政治、文化传统、宗教信仰、生活方式以及生育科技发展水平的制约。因此，生育自由的社会性和历史性前提决定了其受制于且表征着文明体系之“正当行为”的规范和基准。从结构上看，存在四种类型的“生育自由”的伦理正当性理念：（1）免于干涉的“生育的自由”；（2）免于干涉的“不生育的自由”；（3）自主意愿的“生育的自由”；（4）自主意愿的“不生育的自由”。我们以这四种理念为指引，可以初步从个体出发的伦理样态上，探测一下当代中国生育自由面临的诸种伦理难题及其呈现的道德前景。
第一种生育自由的理念，主要针对由传统生育制度、个体生育能力、个人生育心理以及生育主体间关系对生育的意愿和行为所施加的干涉或强制。生育自由作为一种道德上的进步，是一种“免于”此类干涉或强调的自由。我们看到，节育或避孕技术的成熟及其广泛使用，使得妇女的生育自由免于干涉或强制得到了技术上的保障。同时，现代女权意识的觉醒及两性平等权利观念在家庭和社会生活中的逐步加强，使得生育伦理建立在生育主体间关系基础上。由于这两个方面的原因，个体生育能力（比如不育症）和个人生育心理（比如同性恋）不再由于“较强”的外部干涉而成为道德问责乃至自责的缘由。
如此，第二种生育自由的理念，即免于干涉的“不生育”的自由，显示出其重要性来。事实上，即使在西方发达国家，今天比较保守的基督教徒仍然坚信“生儿育女”不仅是夫妻的生育权利，而且是其应尽的责任，因为有意的“不生育”被他们视为违背上帝旨意的事情。[6]同样，受儒家传统影响的中国传统伦理，尚没有完全摆脱传统“孝道”对“不生育”的干涉。免于干涉的“不生育”的自由，主要来自生育责任的挑战。这里应当指出的是，以上由“免于干涉”所呈现的自由，属于消极意义上的“生育自由”。当然，绝对意义上的“免于干涉”并不存在，亦不现实。我们只能在一种相对的意义上设想在“不干涉”与“过度干涉”之间保持“中道”。而这里所说的“免于干涉”，也是指免于不合理的或者不正当的过度干涉及其对主体应享的生育权利的损害。因此，生育自由在一种消极意义上，预设了生育权与生育责任之间的平衡。
如果说，这种由外部而来的道德限制有赖于社会总体文明之进程，那么由内部而来的道德限制则指向了第三种生育自由：自主意愿的生育自由。对自主意愿的生育自由的限制，或者由生育制度而来，或者由生育能力而来。对于前者，道德正当性体现在“免于干涉”的自由中，它主要地不是因生育主体的自主意愿而产生的。因此，这里的重点与生育能力有关。对于后者而言，道德限制体现在：人们如何保持“自主意愿”与“生育能力”之间的适度。特别是在辅助生育技术（包括克隆技术）的应用不断突破人的自然生育能力局限的情况下，对“自主意愿”的生育自由的道德限制就更为重要。例如，当自主的生育意愿遇到“不育症”时，生育自由是否能够借助生育科技的手段来实现，便是一个棘手的生育伦理难题。问题显然触及到生育技术在拓展自由之“边界”的同时对人的自由的干预，它同时也对责任提出了挑战。有人这样提问：“……在选择为人父母，包括采用生育科技达到这个目的时，人们究竟选择了怎样的责任？”[7]这问题将人们逼到了两难选择的境地，因为选择与责任的双重压力使某些人产生了一种不合理的负担，认为要么生育一个完美孩子，要么不要孩子。[8]这种或此或彼的选择近似疯狂，但在独生子女政策下的中国并非罕见的心态。于是，自主意愿的生育自由走向了自己的反面，生育自由由于强加上太多的责任而造成了实际的“不自由”。这种自由之逆转时常发生，其频率之高，足以使得年轻夫妇宁愿选择不要孩子。
于是，第四种生育自由，即自主意愿的“不生育的自由”，成了一种可能的生育选择。一旦人们做出这一决断时，大多数情况下必须经受一种道德合理性的辩护与反驳。这是一种典型的现代性生育自由理念。它面临的道德论争主要围绕“避孕”和“堕胎”展开。毫无疑问，存在着支持或反对“堕胎”的各种理由。这些理由主要基于对胎儿的道德权利或道德地位的判定。事实上，现代医学技术直接针对胎儿进行外科手术的进展，实际遵循着“胎儿也是患者”的观念，这一事实鼓励人们把胎儿看作是独立于母亲的个体，且应该得到应有的医疗保护。然而，人们关于口服避孕药的使用和宫内避孕器的使用是否具有堕胎潜能的讨论，（即关于“避孕是否杀人”的讨论）以及关于终止意外妊娠是否具有道德合法性的论争，（即关于“堕胎是否杀人”的讨论）尽管不可能达成一致意见，但至少揭示出自主意愿的“不生育的自由”必须在母亲自主意愿的“不生育的权利”与胎儿的生命权利或道德地位之间保持适度。
四、简短的结论：中国生育制度的道德前景
与世界各国的人口政策和生育制度相比，中国的人口控制和生育伦理表现出更为复杂的两难处境：
首先，如果我国人口生产和生育实践在生育道德标准问题上放任自流，只会导致更为重大的人口灾难，不利于生育生态的合理化；而人口控制的生育制度又必然导致生育控制与生育权利之间的紧张冲突，并在生育生态和生育自由两个方面引发影响深远的生育伦理难题；
其次，如果我们在伦理方式上片面强调总体人口数量控制或人口出生增长率的生育控制，必然导致日益严峻的生育生态失衡，这在第二代独生子女的生育实践中已初露端倪；与此同时，一种基于生育生态的总体伦理协调形式，则要求中国生育制度必须纳入伦理合理性的价值导向，在人口素质、出生性别比和人口年龄结构上保持生育伦理之中道或适度；
再次，如果我们从生育合理化的文明进程看待个体的生育自由与责任，就必然遭遇到由于生育制度变革和生育技术革命带来的现代性生育自由的伦理难题；因此，一种基于对个体生育自由进行道德限制的伦理协调形式也要求生育主体在权力的应享上保持伦理之中道或适度。
以上三个方面的探讨，是从生育伦理的“中国难题”（即中国生育制度如何诠释、遵循和维护生育人权的伦理诉求）出发，展现了其在道德标准、伦理方式和文明进程三大主题上面临的生育权利、生育生态和生育自由方面的伦理难题。
行文至此，我们一直偏重分析和揭示当代中国人口生产实践和生育制度变革在权利、生态和自由等重大论题上遭遇到的伦理难题；而如何看待这些伦理难题则未及深究。限于篇幅，我们这里引用费孝通《生育制度》一书中的一段论述聊为补充。在这部出版于上世纪40年代的著作中，费孝通为中国社会开出了“节制生育”的药方。他指出：“……社会结构是有一定的人口容量。一个结构所能容纳的分子必须有地位安置，不然就格格不入了。社会里的个人并不是堆积而是组合。因之社会的容量受着结构的限制。”[9]他由此得出，中国人口众多，“是病症，而不是病源”，“病源”乃在于一种社会结构的变化。[10]费孝通对中国生育制度的社会学考察得出的这个结论，在今天仍然有着振聋发聩的意义。沿着这个思路，我们认为，中国人口生产和生育制度面临的各种伦理难题，只有从中国社会经历的从传统到现代的社会结构性转变的意义上才能够获得更为透彻的理解。
如果从中国生育制度的道德前景而论，这种结构性变化从两个方面架构了生育伦理的未来方向：一是社会合理化的前景；二是个人理性化的前景。前者表明，生育制度告别各种类型的传统乌托邦（例如柏拉图的优生学乌托邦、基督教的神启乌托邦和儒家的孝道乌托邦）和现代意义上的（建立在生育技术基础上的）歹托邦（如赫胥黎的“美丽新世界”），是生育伦理观向合理化或现代性方向演进发展的总体表征。它预示着我国生育制度将会向更为务实合理的生育生态的总体伦理协调的方向发展。同样，个人的生育自由也将在告别传统类型的生育乌托邦和现代意义的技术歹托邦的过程中，向着更为理性化的方向发展。
由此，本文得出结论认为，中国生育伦理在道德标准、伦理方式和文明进程三方面遭遇人权标准问题、生育生态问题和生育自由问题三大伦理难题，而它的道德前景有赖于：以适度人口为目标的生育制度，如何在权利、生态和人之自由三方面体现伦理中道。
【注释】
①目前我国15岁及15岁以上文盲人口计1.138亿，其中女性8383万，占到七成以上。文盲90%分布在农村，且一半文盲在西部地区。
②在现有近5亿农村劳动力中，小学及以下文化程度占38.2％，初中占49.3％，受过专业技能培训者仅占9.1％；
③据
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ستر اقیانوس آرام فرستادند.
ماموریت این رکوردشکنی برای حفر عمیق ترین چاه آبی، مطالعه رسوبات منطقه برای درک بهتر تاریخ زلزله های باستانی این منطقه بود.
قبلا هم جستجوهای مشابهی بمنظور بررسی تأثیرات تغییر اقلیم در یخچال های طبیعی با حفاری انجام شده بود.
سایت حفاری کشتی تحقیقاتی "کایمی" بطور هدفمند بسیار نزدیک به مرکز زمین لرزه 9.1 ریشتری "توهوکو" قرار گرفته بود که در سال 2011 سونامی ویرانگری ایجاد کرد و منجر به فاجعه نیروگاه برق "فوکوشیما" شد.
عمیق ترین حفره های جهان در خشکی و دریا
تقریباً 50 سال رکورد عمیق ترین چاه در اعماق اقیانوس متعلق به کشتی تحقیقاتی "گلومار چلنجر"(Glomar Challenger) بود.
"گلومار چلنجر" در سال 1978 یک حفره در بستر اقیانوس آرام حفاری کرد که توانست تا عمق 7 کلومتری زمین برود.
اما عمیق ترین چاه حفاری شده در خشکی حتی عمیق تر از چاه جدید رکوردشکن کشتی تحقیقاتی "کایمی" است.
چاه ابرژرف "کولا"(Kola) که گاهی اوقات بعنوان "ورودی جهنم" نیز نامیده می شود، بین سالهای 1970 تا 1995 توسط دانشمندان روسی در شبه جزیره "کولا" حفر شد و سرانجام با انحلال اتحاد جماهیر شوروی رها گردید. این چاه به عمق حداکثری 7.6 مایل معادل 12 کیلومتر و 200 متر زیر سطح زمین رسید که عمیق ترین حفره ای است که تا حالا در زمین یا دریا حفر شده است.
طبق بیانیه مطبوعاتی تیم کشتی تحقیقاتی "کایمی" که توسط کاپیتان "نائوتو کیمورا" در دریا هدایت می شد، حالا منتظر دیدن نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل علمی انجام شده بر روی نمونه های بازیابی شده از این حفاری هستند.
این یافته ها در کنار مدل سازی کامپیوتری توسط سریع ترین ابررایانه جهان موسوم به "فوگاکو"(Fugaku) متعلق به ژاپن می تواند به این کشور کمک نماید تا در مقابل زلزله های ویرانگر دیگر در آینده آماده شود.
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Special issue COP21 - Low-Carbon Technologies
The constant increase in greenhouse gas emissions is rapidly reducing humanity's leeway when it comes to tackling climate change. The last IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report indicates that to have any chance of limiting the increase in global mean temperature to under 2°C (compared to pre-industrial values), it will be necessary to cut emissions by between 40 and 70% by 2050, allowing by the end of the century, to counterbalance all remaining emissions by carbon capture and sequestration techniques. This will require truly huge efforts, the extent of which has probably not been adequately appreciated yet.
Eliminating energy waste, which still remains significant, while simultaneously increasing the proportion of renewable energies, can help initiate a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions over the coming decades. But by the middle of the century, the easiest part of the job will have been done and any further progress of any significance will necessitate innovative energy solutions. Financial incentives related to carbon prices will not be sufficient to allow the emergence of new technologies and processes: substantial research work is also required and it needs to start right now.
Hervé Le Treut, Director of the Pierre-Simon Laplace Institute, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Member of the French Academy of Sciences
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為避免條目過多、在單獨作品中登場的人物建議以「○○作品登場人物一覽」條目來處理、橫跨多個作品或者單一介紹超越小作品標準的人物、則可以單獨建立條目。
“拉拉·遜，日本漫畫GUNDAM中的一個角色，是後期出現的人物，但卻是整部作品的核心人物之一。她是最早的人造新人類之一，本被遺棄的她沦落在印度妓院，被夏亞所救，便把整個心思放在這位大佐身上。后来被...拉拉·遜
“本文介紹在《機動戰士GUNDAM 0083：Stardust Memory》中登場的角色。 搭乘機體，在特林頓基地時為RGM-79C，吉姆改；在轉任亞爾比翁後，改為RGM-79N，吉姆特裝型。機動戰士GUNDAM 0083角色列表<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Believe it or not, fat has an important role to play in any healthy diet, providing a source of energy as well as essential fatty acids. However, there are different types of fat present in our food and some of these are healthier than others –excess intake of saturated fat has been linked to increased LDL-cholesterol, one of the risk factors in the development of coronary heart disease*. So what are saturated fats, and how may they affect your health?
What are saturated fats?
To give some more information about saturated fat: it is a fat found in relatively high amounts in foods such as fatty meat and meat products and full fat dairy products, including butter, cheese and cream. Some popular foods that are high in saturated fat – ranging from baked goods like cakes and biscuits, to pizza and pork pies. Perhaps surprisingly, it can also be found in some plant foods, for example coconut oil and palm oil are high in saturated fat.
What does saturated fat do to your cholesterol levels?
Having too much cholesterol in the blood is one of the risk factors in the development of coronary heart disease* – and eating too much saturated fat and high cholesterol levels have been linked in scientific studies. There is convincing evidence that replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fats in the diet can help lower “bad” LDL-cholesterol*, which – if elevated – is one of the risk factors in the development of coronary heart disease**.
According to the most recent National Diet and Nutrition Survey (the survey designed to collect detailed information on food consumption and nutrient intake of the general population in the UK) in 2015/2016, most people in the UK are exceeding the recommended intake of saturated fat, but are within the recommended intake of total fat.
How to reduce or replace the saturated fat in your diet
- Know your ‘Reference Intakes’ (RI) – these are guidelines to show you the maximum amount of nutrients you can eat in a day. Take a look at the guidelines here.
- Read food labels. When buying packaged food, it’s a good idea to check the nutritional information on the packet. Many packets will have information on Reference Intakes (formerly Guideline Daily Allowance) on the front, using the traffic light system to indicate the amount of energy, total fat, saturated fat, sugars, and salt per serving (and an indication of serving size) – find out more about this here. If nutritional information is only given per 100g, bear in mind that we rarely eat exactly 100 grams of any food. How much saturated fat is going to be in the amount you will actually be eating?
- Replace foods high in saturated fats with those containing more unsaturated fats where possible. It helps to know what the main sources of saturated fat are and what foods make suitable replacements. Check out our Simple Swaps page here for ideas – it’s a good way to find tasty alternatives to foods high in saturated fat. But remember, foods containing a lot of fat, whether unsaturated or saturated, are high in calories so portion control is important.
- Swap full fat dairy options for reduced, lower fat or unsaturated fat options. For example, consider opting for semi-skimmed or skimmed rather than full fat milk, or melting a vegetable oil based soft spread over your baked potatoes or vegetables rather than butter.
- Cook cleverly. Poaching, boiling, baking, steaming, and grilling meat, fish, or eggs use less fat than frying. When frying is necessary, use unsaturated vegetable oils like olive, rapeseed or sunflower or products made from them, as they are a good source of unsaturated fat. Also try trimming the fat off meat and taking the skin off chicken.
Find out more about saturated fats
If you’d like to find out a little more about saturated fat and cholesterol, our articles on saturated fat vs. unsaturated fat, the definition of unsaturated fat, and how to make a cholesterol lowering diet plan are here to help. And for those who are keen to get their cholesterol lowering lifestyle underway as soon as possible, download our free Cholesterol Lowering Starter Kit here.
*Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats in the diet has been shown to lower blood cholesterol**.
**High cholesterol is a risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. There are many risk factors for coronary heart disease, and it is important to take care of all of them to reduce the overall risk of it.
- NHS (2017) Fat: The Facts. (accessed 16 May 2019)
- Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2018). Draft report: Saturated Fats and Health. (accessed 16 May 2019).
- Hooper L et al. (2015) Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(6)
- Roberts, C., Steer, T., Maplethorpe, N. et al.(2018). National Diet and Nutrition Survey Results from years 7 and 8 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2014/2015–2015/2016). London: Department of Health and Food Standards Agency
- European Commission (2011). Regulation (EU) no 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, amending regulations (EC) no 1924/2006 and (EC) no 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and repealing Commission directive 87/250/EEC, Council directive 90/496/EEC, Commission directive 1999/10/EC, directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission regulation (EC) no 608/2004. (accessed 16 May 2019)
- Stanner S & Coe S (2019) Cardiovascular Disease: Diet, Nutrition and Emerging Risk Factors, 2nd Edition, Keith N Frayn, Chair.Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford, UK.
The British Nutrition Foundation has reviewed the accuracy of the scientific content of this page in May 2019 (please note this does not include linked pages). The Foundation does not endorse any brands or products. For more information about the Foundation, please visit www.nutrition.org.uk
This information has been included in good faith, but is for general informational purposes only, and should not be construed as a guarantee. The nutritional facts and statements on this site are designed for educational and resource purpose sonly, not being substitutes for professional advice. If you have any concerns or questions about your health, you should always check with your GP or healthcare professional.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>功能：把富二代与骄奢淫逸等同起来不得不承认...
使用说明：提升渠道价值
软件介绍：必当全力以赴
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赫然发现这家EB-5区域中心
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健身团队必须先行在辖区乡镇...
活动作为国美...
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把孕前优生健康检查
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成为体验《我不是潘金莲》圆形画幅的优选
Mashable提到
他试图加入武德
澳大利亚少女并不能真正理解美与丑的区别
;陈孝瑞表示”“
我没有看到方案里有什么重大改变<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>THE IRON LADY is a surprising and intimate portrait of Margaret Thatcher (Meryl Streep), the first and only female Prime Minister of The United Kingdom. One of the 20th centuryâs most famous and influential women, Thatcher came from nowhere to smash through barriers of gender and class to be heard in a male dominated world.
Margaret Thatcher was the first woman ever appointed to the highest ranking post in Government in the West. She was the British Prime Minister for over ten years, and during her tenure was involved with a number of country-changing policies, global threats, and arguably the greatest of all her achievements, helping to end the Cold War. The Iron Lady synopsis states that it is a film about "one of the 20th century's most famous and influential women, Thatcher came from nowhere to smash through barriers of gender and class to be heard in a male dominated world." The Iron Lady is indeed a film about Margaret Thatcher, but it is not one that celebrates her achievements or provides an intimate and insightful look into how she achieved her political aspirations or dealt with the many problems and issues that plagued her terms in office. The film instead focuses a great deal on her later life, where she is slowly deteriorating into a state of dementia, speaks with her dead husband's ghost, and via visual or sound cues takes the viewer back in time to witness the rise of Margaret Thatcher and the time afterwards. The flashbacks merely gloss over the larger points of her career and life, and it is gravely misfortunate that a woman as great as Margaret Thatcher has been given such a poor biographical portrait on film.
The Iron Lady is a mere shell of a biography, only showing small snippets of Margaret Thatcher's life in lieu of delving deep into the woman's life history. There are scenes that show how she came to be in government, and how marriage helped her along the way. The film does not forget to portray briefly the problems she encountered at home with her children and husband by being considered an absentee parent and wife given her career aspirations. Her rise to Prime Minister seems an easy feat when anyone with a small knowledge of history and feminist rights knows this was not the case. The Iron lady is more concerned with Margaret Thatcher past her prime, where she makes breakfast for her dead husband. As for the Cold War dealings the script merely glances over them, and with as much sarcasm one can write with, deals with the situation as "oh, I think I'll help end the cold war today, while wearing a pretty dress." Given the many historically significant events that occurred during Thatcher's terms one would expect to see a great rendition of the events and how she dealt with each one. The script for The Iron Lady chooses to throw things together hastily instead of providing exposition. The end result is a dull telling of a magnificent and important woman's life and career.
Meryl Streep has become the go-to actress for biographical portraits of well-known women of historical or topical significance, such as Julia Child (Julie & Julia
) and Anna Wintour (The Devil Wears Prada
). She is also the actress most likely to be nominated for an Academy Award, and all other awards, each and every year she appears in a film regardless of the merits of such film. The Iron Lady
may not be the strongest film overall but Streep still manages to convince the viewer that she is indeed Margaret Thatcher, pursed lips, pearls and all. Her performance is as good as it can possibly be given the preachy nature of the dialogue, when Thatcher is in Parliament or at home. She can come across as snobbish and uppity, and given Thatcher's humble beginnings it is an interesting twist on the character.
For Streep the greatest challenge of the character is not becoming Margaret Thatcher on screen, a simple imitation would not suffice for such a character. Streep had to take on two very different roles in one character. There is the Margaret Thatcher that took on Parliament to be heard as one of the men would be heard and the other Thatcher, the aging woman who is slowly deteriorating into dementia, and slight madness. While Streep is every bit the Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher she is strongest playing the elderly Thatcher, the one who cannot keep her memories straight, or clearly understand why her dead husband is in the room, and the persona who showcases the more-or-less cold relationship she has with her daughter. It is the Margaret Thatcher The Iron Lady
does not market to the viewer where Streep shines. Luckily this Thatcher is given more time and development in the script than the tough-talking Thatcher of Parliament. Meryl Streep very rarely lets down a viewer with the character's she plays and her portrayal of Margaret Thatcher continues her success of portraying famous women on screen skillfully.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>However, like all art from the Italian Renaissance period this date is only an estimate. The 44.5 cm × 34.5 cm (17.5 in × 13.6 in) painting is said to be based off of the medals executed in 1445 and 1450 of the condottiero. Piero della Francesca's naturalistic style in this oil painting is also replicated in Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta Praying in Front of St. Sigismund , which he also painted the same year. This painting depicts Francesca kneeling in front of his patron saint, Burgundian King Sigismund. Both paintings show Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta in the same style and clothing.
Artists, such as Rogier van der Weyden, have clearly been an influence in these paintings for the texture of skin and hair emulates the Flemish style of these masters. However, some art critics believe that the painting may be a neoclassical fake due to the link between the two paintings, or that may have simply been a preliminary portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta. The International Gothicism of Italy is evident in the painting through the stance of the portrait and the expensive dress Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta wears. The dark background, however, is very unusual, for the subject takes up the majority of the frame and is not surrounded by biblical references or iconography of Italy. Consequently, the portrait relies on the geometric subject to balance the colouring and proportions of this painting.
Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta was a major patron of Italian Renaissance
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Percent)||Claims/ Lawsuits||Reported Injuries|
|Federal Agency||16,626||~2,000,000||0||133 (0.8%)||*||*|
|Prescribed Burn Association (1995-2012)||1,094||~500,000||0||16 (1.5%)||0 / 0||1 minor|
|Prescribed Burn Association (2015-2019)||1,530||569,923||206 (13%)||47 (3%)||Jan-00||0|
|Contractor 1||>2,000||350,000||0||0||0 / 0||*|
|Contractor 2||200||150,000||2 (1%)||0||0 / 0||*|
|Fact Sheet Authors||1,600||130,000||*||3 (0.02%)||0 / 0||0|
|Summary||23,050||3,699,923||208 (1%)||199 (1%)||Jan-00||1|
Safety stems from the appropriate application of fire within a state's law or accepted standards and should include having a plan or 'fire prescription' that ensures all aspects of safety are addressed prior to the fire. The safety record of prescribed fires cannot be overemphasized in the wake of tragic wildfires that taint the public’s perception that fire is unmanageable destruction.
To help dispel myths, the Oklahoma Prescribed Burn Association (OPBA) developed a web-based prescribed burn entry form (www.ok-pba.org) in 2015 and has encouraged prescribed burners across the country to enter annual burn information. The results reflect the truths of well-planned and executed prescribed fires.
From 2015 to 2019, 1,530 burns covering 569,923 acres were reported on the OPBA site from 16 states. There were 206 (13.5%) reported spotfires and 47 (3.1%) reported escaped fires. More than 87% of spotfires and 49% of all escapes reported on the website were small, burning less than one unplanned acre, and only two spotfires (0.009%) and six escaped fires (13.7%) were reported as burning more than 100 acres. Only one (<$5,000) insurance claim was reported and there were no lawsuits resulting from any of the 1,530 reported prescribed burns.
All of the information in Table 1 pooled together indicates that out of 23,050 prescribed burns, only 199 escaped fires were reported. This is a 99.1% rate for conducting prescribed fires with no escapes. We also have full records from 6,039 of these fires that were conducted on nearly 1.7 million acres without a single lawsuit being reported. From those same burns, there was only one minor insurance claim, resulting in 99.99% of the prescribed burns not having any insurance claims. All the reported and available numbers show that the landowners’ perceived risk of conducting prescribed burns is likely overestimated.
Risk of Injury and Fatality
Prescribed fire is often perceived as a very high-risk practice that could lead to possible injury or even death. However, in a study covering the period 1963-2013 that compared fatalities from fighting wildfire (201 fatal injuries) with conducting prescribed fires (6 fatal injuries), prescribed burn operations were found to be 3,350% less likely to have a fatal injury compared to wildfire suppression operations. The same study also compared fatalities within occupations involving crop production, animal production, logging workers, construction equipment operators and wildland firefighting per 100,000 full-time workers during 2006-2013 (Table 2).
Per 100,000 workers, logging workers had the highest fatality rate (97.3 per 100,000 workers), followed by crop production (28.8), animal production (15.6), construction equipment operators (12.1) and wildland firefighting (5.6). Many of these activities are associated with the everyday operation of a ranch or farm and have greater risk than firefighting, which is far more dangerous (3,350% greater) than conducting a prescribed burn. When considering these facts, the perceived risk of injury or death from prescribed fires may overestimate the actual risk, perhaps due to media and other exposure to dramatic fire. However, firefighting and prescribed fire application are proven to be lower-risk activities when compared to other agricultural occupations.\
Table 2. Worker fatalities by industry, 1963-2013.
|Industry||Fatalities per 100,000 workers|
|Construction equipment operators||12.1|
A survey conducted with 27 private landowner-led prescribed burn associations throughout the Great Plains found that in a 20-year period, from 1995-2015, there was only one minor injury reported from nearly 1,200 burns on 500,000 acres (Table 1). The Oklahoma Prescribed Burn Association reported no injuries or fatalities from 2015-2019 on 1,530 reported prescribed burns collected from across the country. This information continues to show that even though prescribed fire is sometimes perceived as dangerous, this perception is contrary to the facts.
A common question from landowners considering prescribed burning is “Will my current liability insurance cover me if my prescribed burn escapes and causes damages?” The answer is rarely simple. Remember, insurance is only important if someone is injured or something is damaged. Never assume an insurance policy provides prescribed burn coverage. It’s the policy holder’s responsibility to ask the questions needed to make good insurance decisions. In most cases, a landowner’s general farm and ranch liability policy will cover damages incurred from prescribed burning. If you do not know or there is any doubt, ask your insurance provider and get an answer in writing. Always mention the intention to conduct prescribed burns when applying for a new policy. Failure to disclose intent to burn may be considered falsifying the application.
Make sure that the limits of an insurance policy are understood. Check general farm and ranch policies to determine if activities are only covered if they are carried out on the insured’s own land or can be transferred to leased property. Coverage is most likely if: 1) burning is considered consistent with normal farming and ranching practices, 2) no laws or regulations are broken while conducting the burn and 3) the burn does not deviate from the written burn plan or normal burning practices. Another aspect to consider for additional protection is to increase the covered amount. Increasing liability coverage from $500,000 to $1 million is usually simple to obtain and normally for a minimal increase in yearly premiums. Consult with your provider for answers to specific questions about costs and coverage.
Insurance coverage specifically for prescribed burning is also available in some regions of the U.S. These policies can be added as an extended Forester’s policy or as a separate insurance policy specifically for prescribed burning. Most of these companies require, at a minimum, the policy holder be a certified prescribed burner within their respective state (in states that have certification programs) and provide proof of experience. Additional umbrella or excess liability policies may be available to provide coverage above the primary limits. Some companies offer options for stand-alone “per burn” policies for those landowners who do not burn often, or annual policies for those who do burn often, but do not fall under the category of a contractor. Some insurance companies provide discounts or other benefits to members of certain organizations.
The best protection from liability is to follow safe prescribed burning practices to avoid escapes that damage others’ property or create smoke issues. Having and following a burn plan can decrease potential liability as it shows due-diligence by following safe prescribed burning procedures. While there is no guarantee that this will eliminate liability, it can be used as evidence against accusations of negligence.
Prescribed fire insurance, combined with following state statutes, offer protection for burners from the liability risks associated with conducting prescribed burns. In addition to coverage associated with claims for things such as personal injury, property damage, medical expenses, or damage to rented premises, it would be very hard for a burner to be proven negligent for smoke or fire damages incurred from a prescribed burn if he/she had prescribed burn insurance and if the burn was conducted properly.
Care in planning and executing a burn are your best defense against lawsuits. Have insurance, but do your best to avoid having to use it. Finally, and most importantly, take the steps appropriate to ensure neighboring property owners are informed of your intentions. Good relationships, good communication, good cooperation, and respect are reflected intangibly in the data provided in this paper. Successful prescribed fire does not simply happen because there is a plan. Success is the result of a plan that places relationships, communication, cooperation, and respect at the core of the fire event. When this occurs, the data simply reflect the success that is possible and can help to dispel the fears, misperceptions and myths about using prescribed fire.
Recommendations for Reducing Risk
- Written burn plan. Have a written burn plan that address the parameters required or common to your state or local area while avoiding unnecessary complexity. Focus on intentions and outcomes more than specific tasks. For example, avoid creating an overly detailed checklist of timing, tasks, or crew, as a successful burn needs to allow for flexibility and innovation during the burn event. Consider having an experienced burner review your plan before ignition.
- Weather conditions. Show diligence in finding information about predicted weather conditions at the time of the burn as well as predictions after the burn (e.g., one to three days post burn). Print out the fire weather forecast at the time the decision was made to burn. Be sure to take on site weather before ignition.
- Communication. Maintain good relationships with those in your local area. Make sure all required permits are in place before burning. Let neighbors, fire departments and other required authorities know your intentions prior to burning.
- Contacts. Make sure to write down your contacts with neighbors, fire departments, or other authorities. Include date, time, and name of the individuals contacted.
- Smoke Impacts. Reduce or eliminate smoke on major roads and in nearby communities by utilizing dispersion conditions and wind directions that move smoke away from sensitive areas. Use roadway signs when burning near roads (consult local requirements or restrictions regarding signage) to alert motorists to nearby burning activity and potential smoke on the roadway. Consider nighttime weather predictions especially when burning where duff or heavy fuels may smolder for long durations.
- Contingency plan. Preplan in the event that unpredicted fire conditions occur, if the fire escapes or if smoke becomes an issue.
- Go-No Go checklist. Use to make sure all parts of the burn plan have been completed. This can include: firebreaks adequately prepared, weather and smoke dispersion parameters within prescription, all necessary equipment available and operating, everyone notified, and adequate crew members available.
- Prescribed burn association. Join or help start a local burn association in your area to increase access to equipment, labor and experience that will make burning safer.
- Documentation. Burn plans should be kept and stored until beyond the statute of limitations. Old burn plans can be used for evaluation purposes to determine if long-term management objectives are being met and make preparation for the next burn easier.
This document is provided for general information and educational purposes only, not to provide specific legal advice. The information provided does not constitute legal advice and should not be construed, interpreted or perceived as, but to assist with understanding liability and risk as it pertains to prescribed fire.
Referenced and additional information
Diaz, J, JE Fawcett, JR.Weir. 2016. The value of forming a prescribed burn association. SFE Fact Sheet 2016-2 Southern Fire Exchange. 3 p.
Dillinger, N, R Wilbur, T Righetti, JD Scasta. 2020. Wyoming prescribed burning regulations: A review of policy, guidelines, and case law for private lands. B-1354 University of Wyoming Extension, Laramie, WY 8 p. http://www.wyoextension.org/agpubs/pubs/B-1354-web.pdf
Evans, J, Gharis L (2013) Prescribed Fire Liability: Insurance options for landowners and consultants. Regional Readiness Cooperative, (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA).
Haines, TK, Busby RL, Cleaves DA (2001) Prescribed burning in the south: trends, purpose and barriers. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 25(4),149-153
Joshi, O, NC Poudyal, JR Weir, SD Fuhlendorf, TO Ochuodho. 2019. Determinants of perceived risk and liability concerns associated with prescribed burning in the United States. Journal of Environmental Management 230:379-385.
Kreuter UP, Woodward JB, Taylor CA, Teague WR (2008) Perceptions of Texas landowners regarding fire and its use. Rangeland Ecology and Management 61, 456-464
McCullers, S, 2013. A dangerous servant and a fearful master:why Florida’s prescribed fire statute should be amended. Florida Law Review 65:587.
National Safety Council. 2017. What are the odds of dying from…. Available at http://www.nsc.org/learn/safety-knowledge/Pages/injury-facts-chart.aspx. [Accessed 16 November 2017]
Toledo D, Kreuter UP, Sorice MG, Taylor Jr CA (2014) The role of prescribed burn associations in the application of prescribed fires in rangeland ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management 132, 323-328.
Twidwell D, Rogers WE, Fuhlendorf SD, Wonkka CL, Engle DM, Weir JR, Kreuter UP, Taylor Jr CA (2013) The rising Great Plains fire campaign: Citizenry response to woody plant encroachment. Frontiers in Ecology & Environment 11 (Online Issue 1), e64–e71, doi:10.1890/130015
Twidwell D, Wonkka CL, Sindelar MT, Weir JR (2015) First Approximations of Prescribed Fire Risks Relative to Other Management Techniques Used on Private Lands. PLOS ONE 10(10):e0140410.
Toledo D, Kreuter UP, Sorice MG, Taylor Jr CA (2012) To burn or not to burn: Ecological restoration, liability concerns and the role of prescribed burning associations. Rangelands 34, 18-23.
Sun C (2006) State statutory reforms and retention of prescribed fire liability laws on U.S. forest land. Forest Policy and Economics 9, 392-402.
Weir, JR, UP Kreuter, CL Wonkka, D Twidwell, DA Stroman, M Russell, CA Taylor. 2019. Liability and Prescribed Fire: Perception and Reality. Rangeland Ecology and Management 72:533-538.
Weir, JR, RS Coffey, ML Russell, CE Baldwin, D Twidwell, D Cram, P Bauman, J Fawcett. 2017. Prescribed Burning: Spotfires and Escapes. NREM-2903 Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 8p.
Weir, JR, RS Coffey, CE Blocksome, ML Russell, D Twidwell. 2017. Prescribed Burn Equipment NREM-2899 Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 12p.
Weir, JR, D Twidwell, CL Wonkka. 2016. From grassroots to national alliance: the emerging trajectory for landowner prescribed burn associations. Rangelands 38(3):113-119. doi:10.1016/j.rala.2016.02.005
Weir JR, Twidwell D, Wonkka CL. 2015 Prescribed burn association activity, needs, and safety record: A survey of the Great Plains. (GPE Publication 2015-6).
Weir, JR, RL Stevens, TG Bidwell. 2015. Prescribed Burn Associations. NREM-2880 Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 4p.
Weir, JR, JD Scasta, R Stevens, TG Bidwell. 2013. Burn Plan for Prescribed Burning. NREM-2893 Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 20p.
Weir, JR, TG Bidwell, R Stevens, J Mustain. 2012. Firebreaks for Prescribed Burning. NREM-2890 Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 6p.
Weir JR (2009) Conducting prescribed fires: a comprehensive manual. (Texas A&M University Press, College Station, USA).
Weir, JR, JD Carlson. 2008. Smoke Management for Prescribed Burning. E-1008. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 13 p.
Wildland Fire Lessons Learned Center (WFLLC) (2013) 2012 Escaped Prescribed Fire Review Summary: Lesson from escaped prescribed fires. Available at http://ncprescribedfirecouncil.org/pdfs/2012_Escaped_Prescribed_Fire_Review_Summary.pdf [Viewed on 1 March 2016].
Wonkka CL, Rogers WE, Kreuter UP (2015) Legal barriers to effective ecosystem management: exploring linkages between liability, regulations, and prescribed fire. Ecological Applications 25, 2382-2393
Yoder, J. 2008. Liability, regulation, and endogenous risk: the incidence and severity of escaped prescribed fires in the United States. Journal of Law and Economics 51:297–325.
Yoder, J, D Engle, and S Fuhlendorf. 2004. Liability, incentives, and prescribed fire for ecosystem management. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2:361–366.December
John R Weir
Associate Extension Specialist, Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University
Extension Range Field Specialist, Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University
Extension Fire Specialist, Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources, New Mexico State University
Jesse K Kreye
Assistant Research Professor, Ecosystem Science and Management, Penn State University
Research Assistant Professor, Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University
Extension Associate, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University
Extension Range Specialist, Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service
J. Derek Scasta
Rangeland Extension Specialist, Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming
Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>خریداینترنتی کتاب سبیل بابات میچرخهاز کیدی بوک
خروس
آقا خروسه جلوی آیینه رفت. به تاجش نگاه کرد. دید چند تا از دندانه های تاجش کج شده. یک دندانه اش هم زخمی شده. گفت: « بهتر است تاجم را عوض کنم. » و رفت توی باغچه. پیش گل های تاج خروس. به گل ها گفت: « یکی از شما تاج من می شوید؟ » گل ها گفتند: « نه که نمی شویم، تو می روی با خروس های دیگر دعوا می کنی. اگر تاجت بشویم پَرپَر می شویم. »
چند روز بعد، هزار تا تاج خروس توی باغچه سبز شد و بعد قرمز شد.
از آن روز به بعد، خروسه هر روز می رفت توی باغچه. هر ت
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跟我谈俄罗斯是我们曾经的敌人，我只知道我们当下最大的敌人是美国，这几十年来一直都是。我也知道俄罗斯是我们政府的高级合作伙伴，我跟政府一致！
知乎用户 人生 发表
西方人的宣传机器一开启，谎言反复朗读 100 遍，被宣传者就深信不疑了。最著名的就是近期的新疆民族问题。
要打赢话语权战争，坦白说很困难，因为地球人的思想被美国洗脑太严重了，要让他们有正确的认识，不是一朝一夕的事。
知乎用户 道小忘 发表
不一样。
美国侵略，那是真的侵略。
俄罗斯只是因为对方打算把刀架在自己脖子上，
某种意义上来说属于正当防卫。
知乎用户 jusalun 发表
05 年以后才出生的人提问的？
当时大家都是谴责美国入侵伊拉克的，怎么滴？换成俄罗斯就得鼓励入侵乌克兰？
知乎用户 一犬 发表
因为侵略是邪恶的，而人类是向往正义的。
这世界上绝大多数人都希望自己或者别人能够以正义之名惩罚邪恶，所以侵略受到惩罚才能够符合大多数人们对于正义的期望。
俄罗斯明显因为发动战争受到了来自他国的惩罚，所以人们认为他是邪恶的。
美国发动战争没受到来自他国的惩罚，所以就没多少人会认为他是邪恶的。
你要让人认清正义并不一定能战胜邪恶的现实会很残酷，所以大多数人既然知道打不过它就选择美化它，如果它不是邪恶的，那自然正义还是必胜的。
就拿电视剧来说，一个武功天下无敌还相貌俊美口才上佳的反派也总比一个武功一般还满脸刀疤满口脏话的反派来的讨喜的多。
如果这个相貌俊美的反派再用出色的口才告诉观众自己之所以做坏事是因为自己的青梅竹马被害了受了刺激，而被杀的人不仅野蛮还是个丑逼，没准一大部分观众都要高呼心疼了。
但如果后续剧情有个长的比这个反派还好看的正义人士揭露这个相貌俊美的反派其实是个金玉其外，败絮其中的伪君子，并且还将他打败的话，那么他在大多数观众眼里也就又会变成只是一个邪恶的反派了。
知乎用户 拉布拉多了一点 发表
风向变了，现在霉粪污水们为了名正言顺网暴俄罗斯，已经不可能再搞双标了。所以现在他们已经大胆承认了：没错，我爹就是侵略别人了，那我也没说他这行为是正义的。所以这次俄罗斯打乌克兰，也是侵略，这道理是不是这样？
所以，现在霉粪污水彻底不要脸了，表面的双标都不搞了，不需要掩饰了。我美侵略，我认了，俄罗斯侵略，是不是侵略？是不是侵略？要不要全世界一起制裁俄罗斯，要不要卖给乌克兰，要不要声援乌克兰！
你看，现在他们的双标藏得更深了，美国侵略别国，认了就算了，俄罗斯侵略别国，就要世界一起制裁。美国现在还在侵略着叙利亚呢，要不是现在俄罗斯搞乌克兰，国际新闻都会时不时又出来美军和俄军在叙利亚哪哪又发生巡逻车对抗事件了。要知道，叙利亚是正式邀请俄罗斯派兵支援的，而美国，叙利亚说过美国是在入侵叙利亚，还在联大控诉过。当时，包括现在，霉粪污水们有在高喊美国侵略者，世界一起制裁美国吗？有在要求全世界一起给叙利亚送武器，打跑美国侵略者吗？有在谴责俄罗斯的时候，顺便一起谴责美国吗？现在俄罗斯这边打乌克兰就突然知道有侵略这个贬义词了，沸腾了，从下水道和化粪池溢出来，干啥呢，沸腾啥呢，煮屎啊！
要我说，要制裁，全世界要把两个国家一起制裁，俄罗斯和美国各打五十大板，美国凭什么能站在道德制高点抨击他人，自己一身的屎呢，还搞得全世界到处是霉粪污水。
知乎用户 QUEEN 发表
是这样，美国之前侵略 1000 次也不能证明俄罗斯侵略的合理性和合法性。
如果因为美国可以侵略别国，就认为俄罗斯的侵略是合理合法的，那岂不是把美国也洗白了。
知乎用户 学无止境 发表
俄罗斯出兵干涉乌克兰残酷手段针对顿巴斯属于战争罪犯！
如果中国在收复台湾时使用和乌克兰对顿巴斯地区一样的残酷手段，这时候美国出兵干涉，那就属于正义使者，以战止战的反战勇士！
神不神奇？就和变戏法似的，同样的事主角一变，角色全变了，我估计美国要是去《鬼子来了》里去演鬼子，二鬼子都能给你把他说成正面角色。
知乎用户 这是什么东西啊 发表
两点：
1、舆论工具，不多说。
2、压制力。美国近 20 年来的战争，无一例外是实力全面压制导致短时间内尘埃落定。配合舆论工具，想说什么的都行。而俄罗斯这场战争，太拖沓了，导致自身外交环境陷入被动。我不想做无意义的假设，但是如果俄罗斯能在短时间内能在战场上达到自身战略目的，然后利用外交渠道表态，肯定不会如此被动。
说白了，两者所谓的区别是实力导致的。但其本质，没什么区别。
知乎用户 zbb 发表
因为你看的主要都是欧美媒体
你要天天看真理报，那即便是俄罗斯核平了乌克兰，那也是为了全世界民族解放事业不得不做出的选择
哦有真理报的时候乌克兰不用被核平
知乎用户 高地先锋颂 发表
中国人民不能做乌克兰局势的看客，更不能做戴着有色眼镜的看客。乌克兰局势，不是单纯的战争不战争的问题，也不是什么人权不人权的问题，更不是所谓侵略不侵略的问题。所有这一类的说法，究根问底，完全是一群自以为是、不讲立场、不识大局的人炒作起来的。
乌克兰局势恶化到今天这种地步，国家利益的冲突是根源。我们常讲，国家利益的冲突，总要有着两个主体，而且要存在着两个在某些方面存在严重对立的主体。那么乌克兰局势中，充斥着利益对立的两个主体是谁呢？单从表面上来看，很简单，就是俄罗斯和乌克兰。乌克兰为了展现对美西方国家的拥护，一直以来试图加入北约，借此达到其特定政治目的。但这种行为毕竟是对俄罗斯主权的极大不尊重，是对俄罗斯安全利益的极大挑战，这显然不符合国际交往准则。一个强大的军事同盟包围了其领土，极大地压缩了俄罗斯作为一个主权国家的生存空间。所以，俄罗斯以特别军事行动作为回应，显然是再合理不过了。
但是，乌克兰局势背后，存在着利益对立的仅仅是表面上的乌克兰和俄罗斯两方吗？如果仅是这两方主体的话，美国为首的西方国家，为什么要表现地如此积极呢？为什么美西方迫切地要强迫一些国家选边站呢？恐怕乌克兰局势的背后，远远不是某些人看到的宣传的那么简单。
乌克兰当局为什么如此地亲西方，这要从乌克兰橙色革命开始说起。2004 年到 2005 年，乌克兰国内因总统选举产生的一系列分歧，最终诱发严重的政治事件，事件的结局是亲西方的尤先科政权上台。但是，尤先科政权的上台，真的是基于国内民众的意愿吗？还是是基于美西方统治者的意志呢？其实，在乌克兰的橙色革命中，美国为首的西方政府以及非政府组织，向反政府分子提供了大量资金和训练他们组织抵抗的战术。据西方媒体《卫报》报道，这些机构包括美国外交部、美国国际开发署、美国全国国际事务民主学会、国际共和协会以及非政府组织自由之家和开放社会研究所。更需要注意的是，美国联邦政府资助的全国民主基金会从 1988 年开始就支持乌克兰所谓的非政府民主建设活动。所以，乌克兰橙色革命，很大程度上是美西方国家的战略需要，他们以直接或间接的方式，介入并煽动反政府运动，通过压抑民众意志的方式，建立了亲西方政权。
于是，一场西方酝酿并发动的针对俄罗斯的世纪大围剿在成功拿下乌克兰后又迈进了一步。自此，与其说是俄乌两国的矛盾，不如说是俄罗斯同西方世界的矛盾，大大加剧了。
美西方国家对俄罗斯采取了同对中国一致的战略——接触和遏制。他们一边打着对话的旗号来拖延、打乱俄罗斯的战略部署，一边通过北约东扩为代表的积极的政治军事活动来遏制俄罗斯。俄罗斯作为一个主权国家，不得不认真考虑自己的安全发展利益了。
所以，俄罗斯在乌克兰的特别军事行动，更多的是对本国安全利益的关切。双方均避谈这是一场战争，更没有互相宣战，是因为双方都清楚这一切发生的事实都有着合理性，并对此予以理解。
现在来看，乌克兰方面试图做出妥协以尽快结束紧张局势，俄罗斯方面也存在着类似的诉求。当今世界，国家的特别行动达到既定目的或者基本上达到既定目的后都会见好就收——如对越自卫反击战那样——真正的和平爱好者一向是这样的，尽管爱好和平并不意味着放弃使用武力。
俄罗斯在终止特别军事行动上已表现出了足够的诚意，但美西方国家并不想这样——他们是对全人类的威胁。美西方国家出于维护其在全球的主导地位、霸权地位的需要，下定决心要彻底搞垮俄罗斯。他们试图通过在金融和贸易上的制裁来打击俄罗斯的财政经济，试图通过底线无原则式侵占俄罗斯公民个人财产来离散俄罗斯的人心，试图通过武力要挟广大中立国家选边站来使俄罗斯陷入孤立，试图通过对乌克兰进行无限制军事援助来使俄罗斯陷入战争泥潭。究竟谁是始作俑者？究竟是谁在鼓动战争？究竟谁才是人类和平和发展的最大威胁？
美西方国家丑陋罪恶的面貌在这次事件中彻底暴露出来了。但是，国内为什么总有一些人不但不去反对他们，反而去美化他们？我们只想说，因为他们丧失了独立之人格，他们失去了独立思考的能力，他们思想上的惰性使他们更愿意带有特定目的的去被动地接受西方世界的洗脑。可以毫不避讳的说，美西方政府及非政府组织在中国也扶持了大量的亲西方势力。
某些人拿人权的说辞来搞事，可以说是自取其辱。俄罗斯军队侵犯人权的事实看到了吗？即使看到了我们又能否信任并确保西方媒体的客观公正性呢——仅凭一瓶洗衣粉就发动对主权国家侵略战争的是西方。反而现在确凿的是乌克兰军队为了抹黑俄罗斯，唆使乌克兰军人身穿俄罗斯军服去攻击乌克兰百姓；是乌克兰为了美西方国家的利益，允许美国在其领土建立生物化学武器研究室，拿至少万余名包括乌克兰人民在内的无辜者做实验的活体；是乌克兰政府将武器交给监狱里的罪犯、黑恶势力，通过有组织的抢劫等暴力活动在社会上制造恐慌以煽动百姓对俄罗斯军事行动的误解；是乌克兰政府和其支持的亚速营煽动极端民族主义和种族优越论，对乌东地区百姓进行准屠杀……
一切问题的根源在于美国的霸权主义和军国主义，坚定地反对美西方，就是正义，就是在捍卫全人类的共同利益。
某些人，当你们攻击俄罗斯、抹黑中国政府时，你们就显然已经站在了人民的对立面了。我们只是希望，当美国将战火烧到中国时，你们还活着。愿所有中国人都好好地活着。
俄乌局势非常紧张，这不仅是俄罗斯和乌克兰两国之间的战争。乌克兰背后是北约这个具有极大政治野心的军事组织，是美国为首的西方帝国霸权主义势力；俄罗斯在某种程度上，更像是发展中国家反对西方国家霸权主义、纳粹主义的代表，他似乎具有着天赋的正义性。战事依旧很焦灼，外界看好俄罗斯，但最终的结果依然充满了极大的不确定性，显然，这是一场政治上的赌博。
俄罗斯本国的问题其实很严峻，西方不断升级的制裁、遏制使本身就脆弱的俄罗斯经济面临极大压力，这正是西方势力的意图，他们希望借经济问题激化俄罗斯内部矛盾，达到颠覆俄罗斯现有秩序的目的。经济乃一国立国之本，经济出了问题，往往是过不下去好日子的。但是，即使俄罗斯面临着困境，为了中国的国家利益，我们别无选择地要坚定地站在俄罗斯的一边。当然，这并不是西方国家所怂恿的选边站，我们只能说，这恰恰是我们独立自主的表现。
现代国际社会中，国家间的利益决定了国家间的关系，两国利益的冲突对立、特别是核心利益的冲突对立，往往会带来两国关系的敌对；而如果两个国家存在着广泛的共同利益，在某些国际问题中存在着共同的诉求，那么，这将是两国合作的基础。共同利益越多，两国的关系往往会更牢靠，这是不可磨灭的事实。中俄两国就是存在着广泛的共同利益的，基于此，我们不难理解中国在俄乌局势中表现出来的立场了。
单纯地搞意识形态外交，以意识形态划线，至少在现阶段，是行不通的，是非常危险的。有一些国家搞过，但事实证明他们会被国际社会孤立，最终损害的还是本国的利益。我们不能单纯地以意识形态划线，这是由资本主义国家仍占据世界绝大多数的实际决定的。现阶段，基于国内的情况，我们要坚定不移地捍卫发展社会主义的意识形态，但涉及到国际关系时，我们有必要将国家利益放在更加优先的地位。中俄两国的现有合作就是基于共同利益的，而不是基于意识形态的。
中俄两国对改变现行西方帝国主导的不公正不合理国际秩序存在着一致的诉求，这种一致性让两国放下分歧，站在了一起。旧的国际秩序显然是不符合人类共同利益的，它赋予了西方国家远远超出其必要限度的权力，给予了他们现在不应得的利益——仅仅因为战后国际秩序由西方主导制定。更为迫切的是，旧的国际秩序显然已经不适应现在的国际格局了，国家力量和国家地位的关系是不和谐的，辉煌一时的西方国家，有些已经衰弱了，所以
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为职，善体亲心，能竭其力。守身为大，辱亲是戚，战战兢兢，渊冰日惕……夫妇定位、室家之成，诗嘉静好，易卜利贞。闺门有礼，寡妻以刑，是谓教化，自家而行……”
胡适的妻子：江冬秀，由胡适其母包办。在当时自由恋爱风气兴起后，胡适并未像其他青年一样毁掉婚约，而是继续维持，对此，胡在后来的日记中写道：“假如我那时忍心毁约，使这几个人终身痛苦，我良心上的责备，必然比什么痛苦都难受。”
“胡适大名垂宇宙，小脚太太亦随之”，这是对胡适婚姻的精辟评价。胡适与江冬秀的结合就是始于双方母亲的包办而决定于上天。胡适13岁随其母到姑婆家与江母不期而遇。江母见胡适眉清目秀，聪明伶俐就提议结为秦晋之好。但胡母未许。其一，江冬秀长胡适一岁（1890年生）又属虎，不相匹配。其二，胡姓家道中落，与江家不门当户对。原来胡适家乡流行女大一不如男大十之说，并且以为女子属虎，情格就会凶猛强悍，难得贤慧。也许现在仍称不贤淑的女人为“母老虎”即缘于此。胡母一方面担忧江冬秀会给胡家带来祸患，同时又受封建门第思想的制约，而不愿高攀江家。所以这桩婚事暂时搁浅。江母“外交失败”，又推出媒妁，即胡适的本家叔叔进行游说（他是江冬秀的老师），他屡次向胡母宣传江冬秀的八字好，胡母便让他开来八字。命也算过，二人很合。但吉凶与否还要等待“天”的评判。在当时人们看来，如果二人相合，一段时期内胡家便会太平无事，否则就会祸从天降。而检验的方式为“胡母将红纸八字叠好，放在竹升里，摆在灶神老爷面前，同时还放了别人送来提亲的几个八字、然后就虔诚地等待上天的旨意。在以后的一段日子里，胡家事事顺遂，没丢一只筷子，没打碎一个汤匙，人丁兴旺，家畜肥壮。胡母便取下竹升，用筷子夹出一个八字，打开一看，是江冬秀的。这可谓“天作之合”。于是在1904年胡适、江冬秀由双方母亲作主缔结了婚约。
出乎胡适之预料，江冬秀并不像一般的乡村女子那样羞怯、胆小，这样一个琐碎的女人却有一种男子的气概。她颇能果断，而且具有一种泼辣的办事能力。到北京后，梁实秋要和他好脾气的太太离婚。江冬秀看不过去，就帮助梁妻。闹到法庭打官司的地步，江冬秀也不害怕，亲自到庭为梁妻辩护，终于使梁实秋败诉，这事在当时轰动了整个京都。江冬秀的胆大由此可见一斑。夫妻两个也常常以此作为笑谈。
“吾国顾全女子廉耻名节，不令以婚姻之事自累，皆由父母主之……女子无须以婚姻之故自献其身于社会交际之中，仆仆焉自求其偶，所以重女子之人格也。西方则不然，女子长成即以求偶为事……其能取悦于男子，或能以术驱男子入其毂中者乃先得偶。其木强朴讷，或不甘自辱以媚人者，乃终其身不字为老女。是故，堕女子之人格者，驱之使自献其身以取男子之欢心者，西方婚姻自由之罪也。”
不知读者朋友看过这一段后会作何感想。我可是很是敬佩胡适之先生的这番言论了！我想，从这段文字，无论如何难以想像它竟出自于近代中国“新文化运动”的旗手、提倡“个性解放”、易卜生主义、“只手打倒孔家店”的胡适之先生之手吧！但是，就是出自先生之手。
旧式婚姻、家庭被批评最多的是夫妻间没有爱情，而按照当今主流的说法，没有爱情的婚姻、家庭是没有道德的婚姻，是不能长久的婚姻、家庭。但胡适之先生却“精辟”地论证了中国的旧式婚姻“往往能长成真实的爱情”：
“中国婚姻之爱情是名分所造的(duty made)。订婚之后，女子对未婚夫自有特殊柔情。故偶闻人提及其人之名，伊必面赤害羞；闻人道其行事，伊必倾耳窃听，闻其有不幸事，则伊必为之悲伤；闻其得意，则必为之称喜。男子对未婚妻亦然。及结婚时，夫妻皆知其相爱之义务，故往往能互相体恤，互相体贴，以求相爱。向之基于想象根于名分者，今为实际之需要，亦往往能长成为真实之爱情。”
由此看出胡适毕生的政治、生活二重性准则，这就是他在《"容忍造就"与"各行其是"》一文中所说的"吾于家庭之事，则从东方人，于社会国家政治之见解，则从西方人"，也是胡适在婚姻、家庭上能够始终如一的秘密所在了。
胡适为人宽厚、热情、真诚，他不像鲁迅那样尖刻，徐志摩那样多情，郭沫若那样势利。在北京，胡适家里每到星期六总是高朋满座，各界人士，包括商人和贩夫，都一律欢迎。什么问题都可以问，什么问题都可以谈。他尽力解答。对穷困的人，他接济金钱；对走入歧途的人，他晓以大义。也有人只是去问候，他便报以零零散散的闲谈。客人辞别后，都有不虚此行之感。他的朋友，或自称是他朋友的人，实在太多了，以至有一次幽默杂志《论语》宣布：这本杂志的作者也不许开口“我的朋友胡适之”，闭口“我的朋友胡适之”。胡适的为人可见一斑。
江冬秀的性格应该说恰好相反，时人曾盛传江冬秀泼辣如母老虎，徐志摩就曾写诗，说胡适于江氏之外，不敢造次，是因“为恐东厢泼醋瓶”。为一点小事，江氏就吵闹不休。尤其胡适是一代学术领袖，经常有崇拜他的知识女性登门拜访，却惹得江氏醋意大发，采用“非常手段”来整治“负心汉”。这就产生了两个后果，一是胡适怕老婆的传闻不胫而走，传为笑谈；二是胡适在家中的地位急转直下。胡适有一张婚后的全家福照片很说明问题，江冬秀端坐于太师椅上，颇有“一家之主”的风范，而胡适和儿子则规规矩矩的垂手站在两边，胡适的目光中还透出几分惶恐，让人忍俊不禁。这张照片，可算是这个家庭权力配置最生动的写照了。
胡适与江冬秀在知识层次上的差别也是同样太大了，一个是名闻天下的新学术领袖，一个却是大字不识几个的小脚太太，两个人根本没有什么共同语言，更不会有我们所想像的那种浪漫的故事，两人之间除了偶尔有一点火花外，大部分时间都太平静了，平静地激不起一点涟漪。
令人不解的是，而后几十年这样沉闷的生活中，胡适遇到了太多才貌远胜江冬秀而又爱慕自己的知识女性。了解胡适先生的人可能都知道，他与韦莲司和曹佩声（又名曹诚英）的爱情，最终这两位优秀的女人都终生未嫁。但是他却始终未敢越雷池一步，发动婚姻、家庭革命。这其中的原因是什么？
其一，在喝过洋墨水或富贵显达者纷纷喜新厌旧，婚姻、家庭革命，抛弃了糟糠之妻的新潮中（包括鲁迅、郭沫若、郁达夫、徐志摩这些有成就的作家），胡适能忍他人所不能忍，和江冬秀“恩爱”相处，便在朋友中受到特别的敬重。失之东隅，收之桑榆，爱面子好名的胡适也为此而自豪。傅斯年就曾对胡适说，我们这些新派表面上西化，生活上却还是很传统的。胡适深有同感，他以洋博士的身份娶乡下女子江冬秀，朋友们非但不鄙薄他，反而对他深表敬意，为他的自我牺牲而感动。
其二，江氏深谙驯夫之术，整治胡适这样好面子、好为人师的学者，她是最拿手不过了。胡适的弱点被聪明的江冬秀摸得一清二楚：胡适爱名，爱面子，爱保持他那作国人导师的圣人形象，所以，一发现胡适的婚外恋情，江氏就泼而又泼，恨不得拉着胡适到大街上找街坊邻居们评理，这些招术屡试不爽，吓得胡适噤若寒蝉。
胡适为人谦和，最不愿的事就是与人吵架，尤其是与自己的妻子，他宁愿一个人吞下这颗苦果。在郁闷的时候，胡适经常出外到广和居借酒浇愁，或者到陶然亭和什刹海散心。徜徉于清山秀水之中，胡适逼迫自己逐渐从痛苦中解脱出来。
自己敬佩于胡适先生不但在于他的才情、不但在于他的人品、不但在于他的学识，更为重要的是他对于婚姻、家庭中的另一半的这份宽容、理解、承担。真的是这样的，我们在这里没有说爱情，没有说到胡适先生的爱情，当然先生肯定是有过爱情的。但是他没有因为爱情而抛弃了婚姻、家庭。相反，他一生对于婚姻、家庭都是那么的深爱，或许他并不爱自己的妻子，但是他却陪她走过了一生，并让她一生荣耀。这就是对于在婚姻和家庭中的另一半的宽容、理解、承担。这对于现在的很多年轻人很是值得学习的，更何况我们的婚姻、家庭还没有先生那样的悲惨，我们能拥有婚姻、家庭至少说明我们曾经是有爱的。虽然我们现在不能强求任何人像先生那样一生苦守没有爱情的婚姻和家庭。但是我们绝对有必要提倡先生那种对于婚姻、家庭的宽容、理解、承担。这样我们可能真的会避免很多、很多的婚姻破裂、家庭不和。这样也就是应了那句话，“家和万事兴”！这就是自己今天要说的全部内容，谢谢大家了！各位晚安了！
后记：本文中很多资料来源于网络，因为网页上也没有注明笔者，自己也就不好做引注了！但是还是应该感谢那些不知名的朋友！再次谢谢您了！
尼斯湖水怪的图片,民国牛人谭延闿简介 谭延闿为何拒娶宋美龄为妻？
宋美龄和蒋介石的结合，不仅是当时也是后世议论的焦点。但很少有人知道，这两人的结合还多亏了民国时期一位牛人的撮合。这位牛人就是有“湖湘三公子”、“维新四公子”之称的谭延闿。
谭延闿是民国时期著名政治家、书法家，自幼聪慧而天资聪颖。光绪帝师翁同龢见了小谭延闿一面，就毫不吝啬自己的赞美。称其为奇才，对谭父说：“三令郎伟器也，笔力殆可扛鼎。”
谭延闿年长参加科举考试，中会元并成功成为一名进士。此后入翰林院为编修，慈禧末年革新，谭延闿积极响应。
武昌起义后，谭延闿任湖南军政府参议院议长、民政部长，后又为湖南省都督。一路坐到陆军大元帅，南京国民政府主席、行政院院长的职位。
谭延闿与孙中山交好，在孙中山落魄之时，曾出手相助。孙中山对谭延闿十分感激，与他的关系越发密切。
孙中山知道谭延闿的妻子已经去世很久了，于是有意撮合他和宋美龄。孙中山本来想把宋美龄介绍给谭延闿为继妻，却不料被谭延闿拒绝了。
谭延闿说：“我不能背了亡妻，讨第二个夫人。”谭延闿虽然在当时名望很高，但其实是妾生子。他的母亲因为妾的身份，曾遭遇了许多的不公平。
1916年，谭延闿的生母李太夫人在上海病故。尽管当时他为湖南都督，身份贵重，但却仍然不能抵挡一些封建礼制。
谭延闿扶丧回到长沙，母亲出殡之时，要从族祠大门而过。但是按照当时的规矩，妾室是不能从族祠出殡的。所以在出殡当天，就受到了族人的阻止。
族人劝诫谭延闿，希望李太夫人能从族祠侧门出殡。谭延闿听后十分愤怒，坚持让母亲从大门出殡。
为了堵住族人的嘴，他直接躺倒棺盖上，命扛夫起灵。过大门的时候，谭延闿高呼：“我谭延闿已死，抬我出殡！”见此族人不敢阻挠，这才让李太夫人顺利出殡。
谭延闿因为母亲的遭遇，誓不纳妾。他的夫人为其生一子三女，临终前嘱咐谭延闿，望他不再婚娶，将几个子女带好。谭延闿信守诺言，拒绝了娶宋美龄为继妻。
孙中山去世之后，谭延闿与蒋介石的关系很好。后来在他的介绍下，蒋介石与宋美龄结识，并最终走到了一起。
因为有这层关系，谭延闿与蒋介石一家私交很好。他有个小女儿谭详，经常去蒋介石家做客，宋美龄待如亲子。
后来谭延闿因病去世，还将谭详的婚事交给了蒋介石夫妇，嘱咐二人日后务必给小女儿谭详找个好的夫婿。
宋美龄给他当继妻，谭延闿竟然拒绝了，敬你是位真君子！<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Like most Southern “traditions,” the Kentucky Derby is one filled with racism. With its history whitewashed, the truth of this 🏇 horse racing event’s origin mirrors the dark path to Jim Crow discrimination.
America’s popular horse racing event, the Kentucky Derby, is steeped in racism.
Formerly enslaved Black men – who, during slavery, were tasked with raising prized cattle and horses, work whites deemed beneath them – were enlisted as jockeys for the race.
This would prove a lucrative career path for Black men.
With
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定，这些都可能一定程度上影响分析结果。
但尽管如此，研究人员还是认为这项研究结果支持饮食和非饮食的生活方式干预或许能够帮助降低中年女性的中风风险。他们建议，公共卫生从业人员应该更加重视，在进行健康教育时做出提醒，以帮助女性，尤其是中年女性，进行中风的初步预防。
编辑神叨叨
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[1] Lundberg G, Volgman A S. Burden of stroke in women.[J]. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2016, 26(1): 81-88.
[2] Reeves M J, Bushnell C D, Howard G, et al. Sex differences in stroke: epidemiology, clinical presentation, medical care, and outcomes[J]. Lancet Neurology, 2008, 7(10): 915-926.
[3] Priyanka Jain, et al. Hypothetical lifestyle strategies in middle-aged women and the long-term risk of stroke[J]. Stroke, 2020, 51(5):1381-1387
本文作者 | 应雨妍
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声明：本站原创/投稿文章所有权归星辰健康网所有，转载务必注明来源；文章仅代表原作者观点，不代表星辰健康网立场；如有侵权、违规，可直接反馈本站，我们将会作删除处理。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In high-integrity systems, a method of assuring integrity called a self-checking pair is employed. A self-checking pair is a logical grouping of two of the same devices performing the same operation and cross-checking each other to ensure correct operation. In this manner, a single fault on one will be detected by its partner, and the appropriate action can be taken to both recover the fault and ensure the fault does not propagate.
A high-integrity processor is implemented as a self-checking pair with redundant PCI master controllers. However, within each PCI master controller of each half of the self-checking pair, additional features are added beyond those to meet the PCI specification. One is a bus transaction monitor to ensure that a lower-integrity target completes any bus cycle it accepts within a specified time so that processor execution time is not monopolized by a target that fails to complete a bus transaction. Another is a partition time slice execution monitor that ensures a software partition does not initiate or have active bus cycles at the end of its allowed execution window that could affect a follow-on software partition’s ability to complete its function without waiting for the first partition’s bus cycles to complete.
The clock of a digital ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) should be between 40 and 60% pulse width high to ensure proper clocking of flip flops used in synchronous logic. Often the clock is outside these limits due to mismatch in CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) circuits. In this work, the clock is sent through a current-starved CMOS buffer path. The output of this stage is filtered by a low-pass filter to produce a DC voltage ratiometrically proportional to the duty cycle of the clock. This voltage is compared to a reference signal that represents the desired duty cycle. An analog amplifier compares the two DC signals, adjusting the currents in the current-starved CMOS buffers until the desired duty cycle is achieved.
The time delay through each CMOS buffer used in delay lines is strongly dependent upon the variation of the process, voltage supply, and temperature (PVT). This reduces the accuracy of the delay line for shifting the clock or data signal in time. A circuit used in this work allows the clock to be PVT compensated.
The most tightly coupled and detailed configuration of this system is strict cycle-for-cycle lockstep in which each device is operating off the same clock and performing the same action on each of those clocks. In this way, all results, outputs, and operations can be checked on each clock cycle. The difficulty arises in the synchronization of the primary clock between the devices; generating and aligning the slower, but derivative, internal clocking resources between the devices; and generating, asserting, and negating internal resets between both the devices and the associated clock domains.
The proposed circuit utilizes agreement of only the parent clock, and generates derivative clocks without exchanging the derivative clocks between devices, utilizing only the parent-associated reset. Parent clocks are of known relation; resets are applied to both devices and can be negated without regard to alignment. Both devices will wait until the local device and its partner are out of reset by exchanging the parent resets synchronously. The local device can then use the exchanged reset to generate aligned derivative clocks.
Clock monitor (CM) logic serves as a window monitor using two independent clock sources to verify the frequency of the system clock. The monitor counts the number of system clocks generated by one clock source within a specified window generated by the other reference clock source, and issues a CM fault whenever an error condition is detected.
This work was done by Brett Douglas Oliver, Joseph Caltagirone, Christopher Brickner, Mike Bartels, Tom Pruitt, Xiaoxin Feng, Weston Roper, James Douglas Seefeldt, and Kevin Stover of Honeywell for Johnson Space Center. For further information, contact the JSC Technology Transfer Office at (281) 483-3809. MSC-24787-1/71-1/3-1/5-1/7-1<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Discovery – The stage in the entrepreneurial process in which the entrepreneur generates ideas, recognizes opportunities, and determines the feasibility of ideas, markets, ventures, etc.
What stage in the entrepreneurial process does a business generate ideas?
3.01 Entrepreneurship, its stages, and the entrepreneurial process.
|Discovery||The stage in which the entrepreneur generates ideas, recognized opportunities, and determines the feasibility of ideas, markets, ventures, etc.|
What are the stages of entrepreneurship?
It is useful to break the entrepreneurial process into five phases: idea generation, opportunity evaluation, planning, company formation/launch and growth. These phases are summarized in this table, and the Opportunity Evaluation and Planning steps are expanded in greater detail below. 1.
At what stage of the entrepreneurial process does an entrepreneur determine the amount of capital needed to launch a business?
Resourcing: The stage in which the entrepreneur identifies and acquires the financial, human, and capital resources needed for the venture startup, etc.
How did the entrepreneur Recognise the opportunity or did the entrepreneur create the opportunity?
Entrepreneurs discover opportunities when they search for them in existing markets. This means they observe technological, economic or social trends. Recognising opportunities is a cognitive process. It relies on the ability of people to recognise patterns and connect the dots.
What is entrepreneur process?
Entrepreneurial process can be defined as the steps taken in order to establish a new enterprise. It is a step-by-step method, one has to follow to set up an enterprise.
What is the stage in which the entrepreneur operates the business and utilizes resources to achieve its objectives?
Actualization – The stage in the entrepreneurial process in which the entrepreneur operates the venture and utilizes resources to achieve its goals/objectives.
What is Idea stage in entrepreneurship?
Idea stage is a common way to describe the early steps in an innovation process that involves brainstorming and filtering a large number of ideas until you are left with your best ideas that are documented as a business case. Overview: Idea Stage. Type.
What are the 3 stages of entrepreneurship?
Baron (2004a:170) names the three stages of the entrepreneurship process as screening ideas for feasibility; assembling needed resources; and actually developing a new business.
What are the 4 stages of entrepreneurial processes and provide a brief description of each?
The entrepreneurial process has four distinct phases: (1) identification and evaluation of the opportunity, (2) development of the business plan, (3) determination and evaluation of resource requirements, …
Who is an entrepreneur explain the process of entrepreneurship in detail?
A person who undertakes the risk of starting a new business venture is called an entrepreneur. An entrepreneur creates a firm to realize their idea, known as entrepreneurship, which aggregates capital and labor in order to produce goods or services for profit.
What is the process of entrepreneurship development?
Entrepreneurship development is the means of enhancing the knowledge and skill of entrepreneurs through several classroom coaching and programs, and training. … This entrepreneur development process helps new firms or ventures get better in achieving their goals, improve business and the nation’s economy.
What is entrepreneurial decision process?
The Entrepreneurial Decision Process is a natural and logical approach which helps individuals to achieve success in new ventures. Most of the individuals have innovative and creative ideas. … The entrepreneurial decision process is a movement from a present lifestyle to forming a new enterprise, as indicated in Fig.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>July 10, 2019
A harmful algae bloom is when a species of algae grows out of control in freshwater or marine environments and harms surrounding humans and wildlife.
Harmful algae blooms (HABs) can occur in any conditions. Some prefer favorable wind and water conditions, while others prefer choppy waters and high winds. The harmful algae blooms are caused by runoff. Rain and floods can lead to runoff from lawns or farmland, dumping nutrients such as Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Carbon into surrounding bodies of water. This leads to the overfeeding of the algae, which leads to the rapid expansion of the harmful blooms.
Contact with water containing HABs can lead to nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other stomach problems. Furthermore, eating seafood from affected bodies of water can cause illness due to the transfer of toxins from the algae to the seafood to the consumer. Airborne toxins from the algae bloom can also trigger asthma attacks and other respiratory issues.
In addition to the dangers caused the harmful algae blooms, they lead to heavy economic costs as well. The dangerous effects of the HABs harm the seafood and tourism industries, due to beach closures and the multitude of inedible seafood.
With increasing ocean pollution, harmful algae blooms are also increasing in prominence. The toxic material in the ocean is what causes the algae to become toxic. HABs are yet another consequence of the high plastic content of the ocean.
Erin F. Fox, 2019<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>PROCURATORI, Braglia: "Mancato rinnovo DV9? Aspetti da regolamentare, non si può..."
E' intervenuto ai microfoni di TMW Radio l'ex portiere di Genoa e Milan, tra le altre, Simone Braglia. Tra le varie dichiarazioni rilasciare, Braglia ha fornito anche la propria opinione sul mancato rinnovo di Dusan Vlahovic con la Fiorentina: "Bisognerebbe regolamentare di chi è la proprietà dei calciatori. Non si può delegittimare una società a uso e consumo dei procuratori".<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Patterson, John, House
Built 1879-1880 by John Patterson, first man to cultivate (in 1854) land in county, and a Minute Man during Civil War. Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, 1965
Year Erected: 1965
Marker Type: Medallion and Plate
Browse thousands of old postcards from around the Lone Star State. See how tourist and local folks shared their Texas story.
Explore the many missions, forts and presidios that explorers and soldiers constucted to settle the lands now called Texas.
Tour the history of Texas through the text of the thousands of historical markers found all across the Lone State State.
Discover the deserted, forgotten and abandoned towns of Texas. Some vanished over night while others slowly slipped away.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>روی یک ماده معدنی ضروری است که در بسیاری از مواد غذایی یافت می شود. پروتئین های حیوانی منبع خوبی از روی به شمار می آیند. کمبود روی منجر به ریزش مو می شود. همچنین میزان روی در خون افرادی که به آلوپسی آندروژنتیک مبتلا هستند، بسیار پایین است. محققان معتقدند که روی به عنوان یک مهار کننده ۵-آلفا ردوکتاز مانع از ایجاد DHT می شود. این ماده مانع از بزرگ شدن پروستات و ریزش مو در مردان می شود.
اما همچنان هیچ اثباتی وجود ندارد که مصرف روی در درمان ریزش مو موثر است و این ماده معدنی به کند شدن یا جلوگیری از طاسی کمک می کند. همچنین خطرات استفاده از این ماده معدنی بسیار زیاد است. اما این خطرات معمولا شامل حال افرادی می شود که در مصرف این ماده زیاده روی می کنند.
روی (زینک) چیست؟
این روزها مصرف روی در درمان ریزش مو بحث داغی است. روی یک ماده معدنی ضروری برای بدن محسوب می شود. جالب است بدانید که بدن شما به این ماده نیاز دارد اما این ماده را ذخیره نمی کند. روی به طور طبیعی در بسیاری از مواد غذایی وجود دارد. همچنین مکمل های حاوی این ماده معدنی نیز وجود دارد.
روی در موارد زیر بسیار موثر است:
- عملکرد درست سیستم ایمنی
- ترمیم زخم
- تقسیم و رشد سلولی
- رشد و نمو جسمی
- تقویت حس بویایی و چشایی
از آن جایی که بدن توانایی ذخیره روی را ندارد، جهت کمک به این عملکردهای مهم باید از یک منبع حاوی ماده روی استفاده کنید.
طبق مطالعات انستیتوی ملی بهداشت آمریکا، پروتئین های حیوانی منبع اصلی تامین روی را برعهده دارند. این در حالی است که روی در بسیاری از غذاهای گیاهی نیز وجود دارد. اما در غذاهای گیاهی فیتات ها و ترکیبات آنتی اکسیدان نیز یافت می شود. این مواد به روی متصل می شوند و از جذب این ماده معدنی در بدن جلوگیری می کنند.
از این رو منابع گیاهی روی از جمله غلات سبوس دار، حبوبات و آجیل ها منبع خوبی از این ماده معدنی محسوب نمی شوند. این بدان معنا است که گیاهخواران در معرض خطر کمبود روی قرار دارند.
کمبود روی: علائم و نشانه ها
ریزش مو یکی از نشانه های کمبود روی است. اگر چه کمبود این ماده نشانه های دیگری نیز دارد. اما این نشانه ها را باید پزشک متخصص تشخیص دهد. سوال اصلی این است که مصرف روی در درمان ریزش مو موثر است؟
آنچه که تا به امروز در رابطه با کمبود روی می دانیم، ناشی از مطالعه بر افراد مبتلا به اختلال ژنتیکی خاص است. این اختلال ژنتیکی را آکرودرماتیت انتروپاتیکا می نامند که افراد مبتلا به این بیماری از کمبود شدید روی رنج می برند.
تا قبل از این که علت این اختلال کشف شود، بیماران مبتلا به این اختلال فوت می کردند. اما این مسئله نباید شما را نگران کند، زیرا برنامه غذایی نامناسب این سطح از کمبود روی را به دنبال نخواهد داشت. از این رو مصرف روی در درمان برخی بیماری ها توصیه می شود. البته همچنان باید عوارض ناشی از کمبود این ماده را جدی بگیرید.
از علائم کمبود روی خفیف به موارد زیر اشاره می کنیم:
- از دست دادن اشتها و حس تشنگی
- به تاخیر افتادن رشد در کودکان
- کاهش ایمنی بدن
- اضطراب و افسردگی
- عدم تمرکز
کمبود روی شدید نیز علائم زیر را به دنبال خواهد داشت:
- ریزش مو
- درد معده و نفخ شدید
- اختلالات هورمونی
- ضایعات پوستی و آکنه دردناک
چه کسانی در معرض خطر هستند؟
جالب است بدانید که برخی افراد بیش از سایرین در معرض خطر کمبود روی هستند. افراد زیر در این دسته قرار می گیرند:
- نوزادان نارس و افراد مسن
- گیاه خوارانی که از رژیم غذایی سختگیرانه ای تبعیت می کنند
- کسانی که دچار سوء تغذیه هستند
- افرادی که مشروبات الکلی را به طور مداوم مصرف می کنند
- افرادی که دچار کم خونی هستند
- کسانی که دچار التهاب روده یا مشکلات کبدی هستند
روی و موهای شما
محققان معتقدند که روی به عنوان یک باز دارنده ۵-آلفا ردوکتاز (۵-ARI ) عمل می کند. این بدان معنا است که از تبدیل تستوسترون به DHT یا دی هیدروتستوسترون جلوگیری می کند. این دو ماده آندروژن های قوی هستند که در بزرگ شدن پروستات و ریزش مو نقش دارند. داروهایی مانند فیناستراید نیز به عنوان ۵-ARI عمل می کنند. مطالعه ای در سال ۱۹۸۸ بر سولفات روی انجام شد. این ماده معدنی را در این مطالعه به عنوان باز دارنده قوی فعالیت ۵-آلفا ردوکتاز معرفی کردند.
تا به امروز در بسیاری از مطالعات اثرات مصرف روی در درمان ریزش مو بررسی شده است. البته بیشتر این مطالعات بر بیماری خود ایمن آلوپسی آره آتا تمرکز داشته اند. اکثر مردانی که با مشکل ریز
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would protect the life of her son.
Suddenly the woman accused David. He cared about her son. But, she said, David was unkind to Absalom. She spoke about God’s kindness too. In verse 14, when someone spills water on the ground, nobody can use that water. This may refer to the way that David was wasting Absalom’s life. Or it may refer to the murderer. If somebody killed him, nobody would be able to change it back. Colossians 1:20 and 2 Corinthians 5:17-20 show that God wants to unite people with himself and with other people. In the *New Testament, God does this by Jesus. God has great *mercy. The woman emphasised God’s *mercy. But she forgot that God is also fair. Sometimes God does take away people’s lives (for example Numbers 16:1-35; Acts 5:1-11). The woman said that ‘God’s plan is always to bring people back to himself’. This is correct. But the woman did not explain the whole truth. God does not forgive everyone. He only forgives people who confess their evil deeds to him. If people do not turn from their *sin, then God will not forgive them.
In verses 15-17, the woman continued with her story. Then she praised the king. She even said that he was like an *angel (also in verse 20). If the *Lord God was with David, then David would make the right decision.
David realised that Joab had arranged this. Perhaps Joab was already at the palace (verse 21). He was extremely pleased that Absalom could return to Jerusalem. So, Joab went to Geshur himself to get Absalom.
David could not punish Absalom because of his promise in verse 11. He did not punish Absalom for his *sin. But David still refused to see Absalom. This meant that David had not forgiven him. David did not want Absalom in Jerusalem. David let Absalom return only because of Joab. David did not behave in a wise way. That caused trouble for him in the future.
Absalom was handsome. He was young. He was also popular. People like handsome men (1 Samuel 16:7). He was proud of his long hair. (This hair caused his death in 18:1-17.) The royal standard was very accurate. It shows that Absalom’s hair was thick and healthy. Absalom had three sons. (But 18:18 shows that they all died when they were young.) His daughter had the same name as his sister.
Absalom was the oldest prince but David would not let him live in the royal palace. He could not do the work of a prince. David would not prepare Absalom to become the next king. David let him return to Jerusalem. But he would not see Absalom. Absalom lived in this difficult situation for two years. Absalom had lived in the country of Geshur with the king’s son. He probably had a good life there. He became very angry in Jerusalem. He disliked his father’s behaviour. But he could not go to his father. Joab had brought Absalom back. But Joab would not speak to Absalom. So, Absalom was also angry with Joab. When Absalom’s servants burned Joab’s field, Joab had to talk to Absalom.
In verse 32, Absalom thought that he had not *sinned. David had not punished Amnon. So Absalom punished Amnon because he *sinned against Tamar. Absalom was confident that he had done the right thing. He believed that he was not a murderer. Therefore, Absalom thought that he had no *sin. Joab had to deal with the situation between David and Absalom. At last, Absalom saw the king. He gave honour to the king in the usual way. But David had delayed the meeting for too long. Verse 33 describes an official meeting, not a family meeting. Genesis 45:1-15 describes how Joseph and his brothers were united. They cried and talked together. They hugged and kissed each other. Joseph forgave his brothers. King David kissed Absalom. But it does not say that Absalom kissed David. They did not forgive. There was no real unity. And soon Absalom would start to plot against David.
Absalom was probably about 30 years old. He wanted to be king instead of David. David had been a very good king. The *Israelites were loyal to him. So Absalom had to work out a plan that would make the *Israelites loyal to him instead.
First, he wanted to look important (verse 1). Absalom was a handsome young man (14:25). Absalom would have stood in the *chariot. The horses pulled it. They did not run fast. The 50 men who ran ahead were probably guards. Absalom did all this for a show. He was behaving like a king (1 Samuel 8:11). That would have impressed the people who saw his splendid display.
Second, he wanted to help people more than the king did (verses 2-4). The king was a judge. He helped people if their local leader could not help them. Early every morning, Absalom talked to people who were going to Jerusalem. He suggested that the king was too busy to help them. And Absalom said that the king did not have other judges to help him. We do not know whether this was true. But the people believed it. Absalom always said that the person’s situation was right. That made the person happy. Then he thought that Absalom would be a good judge. Absalom did not really care about the people. He just wanted to become king.
Third, he behaved like a king (verse 5). People gave honour to Absalom. Then he kissed them. This showed that he accepted them. He showed that he was available for anyone.
It took Absalom only 4 years to make the people loyal to him. It was as if he ‘stole’ them from his father. The *Israelites may have become unhappy with King David. Perhaps they knew about his bad behaviour. David, and the 200 men who went with Absalom, did not suspect his plan. The *ark of the *Lord was in Jerusalem. But David did not ask Absalom why he needed to *worship the *Lord in Hebron. Absalom was born in Hebron (3:2-3). David had become king of *Israel while he was in Hebron (5:1-3). David *blessed Absalom. David’s last words to Absalom were about peace. But Absalom went to start a war against David.
Ahithophel was Bathsheba’s grandfather (11:3 and 23:34). Perhaps he did not like what David had done to Bathsheba. Or perhaps there were other reasons why he supported Absalom. Giloh was near to Hebron. Absalom gave his *sacrifices. But he cared more about the power that he would get.
In verses 13-39, the writer constantly referred to David as the king. Absalom wanted to become king. But nobody had *anointed him as the king. So really, David was still the king.
One loyal man came to David with the bad news. David realised that Absalom wanted to take the royal city and the *kingdom of *Israel. If David stayed in the city to fight, many people would die. So David left and the people were safe. David had many *concubines. He left 10 of them behind. They had to look after everything in his palace. David’s officials all remained loyal to him. David left the city first. Everyone else followed him. Then he stopped to see who was loyal to him. David’s officials, the men called Kerethites and the men called Pelethites are in the list in 8:15-18. And you can read about David’s 600 men in 1 Samuel 23:13; 27:2; 30:9.
Ittai was a *Philistine man. He had just joined David and his men. In verse 20, ‘yesterday’ means in recent times. David called Absalom the king. And David expected to wander in the country. He had already done this when he had to run away from King Saul (1 Samuel chapters 20-30). David wanted to be fair to Ittai and his men. They could live safely with Absalom. They could be loyal to him. But Ittai was completely loyal to David. He made a serious promise to the *Lord. Ittai would even die for David. This contrasts with David’s own son. Absalom was against David and stole his *kingdom. But a foreign soldier was completely loyal to David. David must have been happy that some people were still loyal to him.
David’s servants and officers took their families with them. Everyone was very unhappy as David’s group left Jerusalem. The people in the city were still loyal to David. The Kidron valley was on the east side of Jerusalem. And the desert was beyond the valley.
The priests and *Levites were also still loyal to King David. They had brought the *ark so that they could give *sacrifices. David knew that the *ark of God would not give him success (1 Samuel chapter 4). Instead, David trusted the *Lord to do the right thing. David wrote Psalm 3 at this time. He knew that the *Lord would save him. David wanted Zadok to return to Jerusalem. He could watch (or see) what happened. Then David knew that he would have loyal men in the city. They could bring him all the news.
The *Mount of *Olives is quite near to Jerusalem. David could stand on the top of the hill and look down over the city. He and the people dressed like very sad people. This was their custom. They cried. They did not know what would happen to them. David did not know whether he would ever return to Jerusalem. In the *New Testament, Jesus often went to the *Mount of *Olives. He taught there in Mark 13:3. He rode to Jerusalem from there on a *donkey. And all the people gave him a grand welcome (Luke 19:28-38). He prayed in the garden there before he died (Luke 22:39). Jesus was on the *Mount of *Olives when he went up to heaven (Acts 1:11-12).
Ahithophel and Hushai had both been David’s officers. They had given him wise advice. Now Ahithophel was not loyal to David but Hushai was still loyal. David sent Hushai back to Jerusalem. Absalom would believe that Hushai was not loyal to David. So, Hushai would be able to help David secretly. And Hushai could ruin Ahithophel’s advice. He could give Absalom bad advice. This was the best way that he could help David.
‘*Arkite’ refers to the family or place that Hushai came from. He was probably not an *Israelite.
At the beginning of 1 Samuel, you can read about how David became king. At first, he was the king over only the south of *Israel. Most people in the north of *Israel were still loyal to Saul’s family. Then they became loyal to David. But Absalom had become the king. David did not know whether Saul’s family would remain loyal to him. Chapter 9 tells the account of David and Mephibosheth.
Ziba looked after all Mephibosheth’s land (9:7-10). Ziba brought David a generous gift. The food was suitable for people who were travelling. But David suspected Ziba’s intention. David probably did not know whom he could trust at this time. Ziba said that Mephibosheth wanted to become king. David believed Ziba. David had given all Saul’s land to Mephibosheth in 9:7. Now David gave it to Ziba instead as a reward. But in 19:24-30, Mephibosheth said that he had always been loyal to David. And Mephibosheth said that Ziba had lied. Mephibosheth had never tried to become the king in the past. So, Ziba’s story was probably not true.
Bahurim was east of the *Mount of *Olives. Shimei was a close relative of Saul. Shimei did not like David. So, Shimei insulted David and swore at him. Shimei accused David of wicked things that were not true. David had always tried to be kind to Saul and his family. Verse 8 may refer to the event in chapter 2. David’s men, but not David, had killed men from Saul’s family. Shimei also tried to hurt David. Shimei was angry because David had become the king instead of Saul and his family. Shimei said that the *Lord was punishing David. God’s law said that people should not insult their leader (Exodus 22:28). David’s soldiers protected him from this attack. Shimei was a coward. He only insulted David because David was running away from Absalom.
Abishai was Joab’s brother. Abishai was angry with Shimei. Abishai wanted to act immediately. (He had behaved like that in 1 Samuel 26:8.) He insulted Shimei when he called him a ‘dead dog’. That meant that he had no value. But David trusted the *Lord. David knew that he had murdered Uriah. So David thought that perhaps the *Lord was speaking by Shimei. However, David hoped that the *Lord would be kind to him. All this trouble made David and the people tired. They probably arrived at the place that David mentioned in 15:28. The river Jordan was about 32 kilometres (20 miles) east of Jerusalem.
The account now goes back to Absalom. Absalom arrived in Jerusalem with Ahithophel. Ahithophel used to advise David. But now he was loyal to Absalom. However, Hushai was still David’s friend. Hushai pretended that he was loyal to Absalom. In verse 16, Hushai referred to ‘the king’, but he did not say ‘King Absalom’. Hushai said that he would serve the king that the *Lord chose. Absalom believed that he was the king. But Absalom did not realise that Hushai’s answers really referred to King David. ‘*Arkite’ refers to the family that Hushai belonged to. He was probably not an *Israelite.
God’s law said that a man should not have sex with his father’s wives or *concubines (Leviticus 18:7-8). In those days, a new king usually took the previous king’s wives and *concubines as his own (2 Samuel 12:8). This showed that the new king had all the royal power. This would also ruin the relationship between David and Absalom. So, Absalom did what Ahithophel said. In 12:11-12, Nathan had spoken God’s words to David. Here, the things that God had told Nathan actually happened.
Ahithophel advised Absalom again. He had a plan that would quickly make Absalom the king. David was running away. He was not happy. He only had a few loyal men with him. He thought that all the *Israelites were against him. Ahithophel knew that they could easily attack David. Then, they could kill David. Everything would happen quickly. David would not have time to prepare for a battle. Then David’s men would return to Jerusalem and serve the new king. In verse 1, 12 000 probably meant groups of men, from each *Israelite *tribe. This would show a united *Israel. Verse 14 says that this was good advice. But the *Lord was controlling the situation.
Absalom wanted to be certain that this plan would work. So, he got Hushai’s opinion. Hushai wanted to protect David. So, he had to give Absalom a better plan. But that plan had to give David more time to escape. Everyone knew about David’s skill as a soldier. He was brave. He had fought a giant man called Goliath. He fought lions and bears (1 Samuel chapter 17). David and his soldiers had also fought all *Israel’s enemies and defeated them (2 Samuel chapter 8). And Absalom would not want David to defeat his soldiers. That would have frightened the rest of Absalom’s soldiers.
At the end of 1 Samuel, David managed to escape from King Saul many times. In verse 13, Hushai even suggested that David might escape from Absalom and his army. Hushai said that Absalom needed all the *Israelites to fight with him. This would be a huge army with Absalom as their leader. Absalom was a proud man (14:25). He could imagine himself as the leader of this great *Israelite army. In verses 12 and 13, Hushai described how this army would have complete success against David. Hushai used words that helped Absalom to imagine the situation.
Absalom probably wanted the *Israelites to see that he was a great leader and soldier. But Absalom did not realise that the *Lord was against him. Absalom liked Hushai’s grand plan much more than he liked Ahithophel’s advice. But Hushai’s plan would take more time. This meant that Hushai could send news to David in order to warn him.
David had to act quickly. He had to get far away from Absalom. En Rogel was only about one and a half kilometres (about 1 mile) south of Jerusalem. A servant girl would often go out to collect water so nobody would suspect her. But someone saw Jonathan and Ahimaaz and suspected them. They went to a village on the east side of the *Mount of *Olives. They probably knew a family there that were loyal to David. A woman hid them and she sent Absalom’s men away. They believed her because everything looked normal. The men who were looking for Jonathan and Ahimaaz did not know about the well in the garden. They only saw the sheet with wheat on it. When it was safe, the two men went to David. They warned him. David and his men quickly crossed the Jordan.
It was too late for Ahithophel’s plan to work. Absalom did not want Ahithophel’s advice. If David returned as king, he would probably kill Ahithophel. Ahithophel felt hopeless. He had no future. So, he went home and he killed himself.
The town of Mahanaim had strong walls round it. It was about 11 kilometres (7 miles) east of the river Jordan. Ish-Bosheth, the son of Saul, had become king there (2:8-10). Shobi, Makir and Barzillai were David’s friends. Shobi’s father, Nahash, had been king of the country of Ammon. Mephibosheth had lived with Makir before he lived with David in Jerusalem (9:4-5). Barzillai was a rich old man. He was loyal to David (19:31-32). These three men gave David
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یزش فرعی است و حدود ۷ متر ارتفاع دارد. با توجه به وضعیت و نمای زیبای آبشار و وجود تنوع پوشش گیاهی در پیرامون آن و برخورداری از هوای خنک و لطیف، یکی از جاذبه های طبیعی استان محسوب می شود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Pan 3D (avventura / fantastico - USA) di Joe Wright con Hugh Jackman, Amanda Seyfried, Rooney Mara, Garrett Hedlund, Cara Delevingne.
Nei giorni che precedono la serata della prima, luomo deve fare i conti con il suo io e tentare di recuperare la famiglia, la carriera e se stesso.
Uscita el 1998 lo sceneggiatore Keith Michaels era allapice della fama: autore di un film di successo che gli era valso lOscar, una bellissima moglie, un figlio, un grande senso dellumorismo e un fascino tutto British.
Uscita 25 novembre 2015 Per la prima volta, Snoopy, Charlie Brown, Lucy, Linus, Schroeder, Piperita Patty, Woodstock, i personaggi della striscia a fumetti di Charles Schultz's "Peanuts faranno il loro debutto sul grande schermo, come non li avete mai visti prima.Guidata da un agguerrito Martin Luther King, questa contestazione pacifica aveva lo scopo di ribellarsi agli abusi subiti dai cittadini afroamericani negli Stati Uniti e proprio per la sua natura rivoluzionaria venne repressa nel sangue.Ritorno al Marigold Hotel (commedia / drammatico - USA) di John Madden con Bill Nighy, Maggie Smith, Judi Dench, Richard Gere, Dev Patel.Nel frattempo Marshall nota che l'orecchino recuperato da Sydney nel suo ufficio è un esplosivo e la invita a usarlo.Jack si incontra con Vaughn, che gli dà una contromissione: dovrà convincere Hassan a dargli estrazione del si vince tutto la sua lista clienti, fingendo di voler tradire l'SD-6, e in cambio simuleranno il suo assassinio, così Hassan sarà finalmente libero.Syd e Vaughn compiono il furto nel museo: lui farà finta di testare i sistemi di allarme, lei dovrà rubare i manufatti di Rambaldi senza farsi scoprire; nonostante le difficoltà, l'operazione riesce e i due ultime vincite al lotto 2018 tornano a LA e preparano la trappola per Khasinau: diffondono.I due intraprendono una torrida relazione che prenderà una svolta mortale.Il disastro marittimo, realmente accaduto, avrebbe ispirato Herman Melville a scrivere Moby Dick.
E si tratta della mamma di Sydney.
Quindici anni dopo Keith, sulla soglia dei 50, non scrive da tempo, è divorziato, sullorlo del lastrico.
Uscita Il film ruota attorno a tre amici di infanzia, Manolo (Diego Luna Maria (Zoe Saldana) e Joaquin (Channing Tatum) che si trovano coinvolti in un triangolo amoroso, mentre due divinità scommettono su chi dei due baldi giovani conquisterà per primo il cuore di Maria.Non è un uomo, ma una donna.Vaughn lo minaccia di ucciderlo se non gli darà i codici per disattivare la protezione, che in breve tempo ucciderà Sydney, ma Hassan è pronto a morire: vuole solo la salvezza della sua famiglia.A casa Francie, l'amica di Sydney, decide di organizzare una festa di Halloween nella speranza di rivedere il suo ragazzo, che ha lasciato pochi giorni prima.Uscita Il film è ladattamento cinematografico del romanzo best-seller "In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex" di Nathaniel Philbrick, ispirato alla vera storia del viaggio drammatico della baleniera Essex.Uscita 19 febbraio 2015 Destreggiandosi tra russi arrabbiati, un agente britannico dell'MI5, la sua bella moglie dalle gambe incredibilmente lunghe e un terrorista internazionale, il disinvolto mercante d'arte e canaglia part-time Charlie Mortdecai (Depp) deve attraversare il mondo armato solo con la sua bellezza.(EN) Vinnie Jones, su m, National Football Teams.Secondo lei senza di lui non possono distruggere l'SD-6; Vaughn le mostra le foto degli agenti uccisi e le dice che si comporta come un'egoista, ma le concede un po' di tempo comunque.
[L_RANDNUM-10-999]<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>شربت ذرت فروکتوز بالا (HFCS) و قند معمولی تقریبا یکسان است، از نظر تغذیه ای. هر دو برای سلامتی شما هنگام مصرف در مقادیر بیش از حد بد هستند، زیرا خوردن بیش از حد از هر یک از آنها ممکن است باعث افزایش وزن شود و هیچ شیرین کننده ارزش غذایی بیش از کالری ندارد. برخی افراد معتقدند که HFCS برای سلامت شما خطرناکتر از شکر معمولی است، اما این ادعاها براساس یافته های علمی نیستند.
اول، یک شکر شکر کوچک
هر مولکول شکر معمولی، که به طور شیمیایی به عنوان ساکارز شناخته می شود، از دو واحد شکر واحد تشکیل شده که به نام گلوکز و فروکتوز تشکیل شده است. گلوکز قند است که بدن شما برای انرژی بهتر است، و آن را در تمام غذاهای شیرین و نشاسته ای که می خورید پیدا می کنید. فروکتوز شکر اصلی موجود در میوه ها است. بدن شما می تواند از فروکتوز به عنوان انرژی استفاده کند؛ این فقط یک کار اضافی اضافی نیاز دارد.
تمام قند، شکر سفید، شکر قهوه ای، قند توربینیو یا عسل یکسان است - نصف فروکتوز و نیم گلوکز.
شربت ذرت فروکتوز بالا از ذرت استرداد تولید می شود و همچنین از مولکول فروکتوز و گلوکز تشکیل شده است. دقیقا نیم و نیم، مانند شکر، اما نزدیک - فرمول از حدود 42 درصد به 55 درصد فروکتوز می باشد. مقدار فروکتوز در مقایسه با شربت ذرت (که در واقع فروکتوز کم است) ممکن است "زیاد" باشد، اما در واقع همان شکر منظم است. بنابراین، هر دو شکر و HFCS دارای همان متابولیسم هستند و تاثیر مشابهی روی سلامت شما دارند - یعنی اگر شما بیش از حد بخورید، کالری اضافی به عنوان چربی ذخیره می شود.
چرا HFCS تحریم شده است؟
دو دلیل برای آن وجود دارد، که هر دوی آنها با تحقیقات سوء تفاهم انجام می شود. یکی از دلایل همکاری کمی تحقیقات تحقیقاتی است و دیگری در مورد همبستگی و علت سردرگمی است.
اول، ترکیب فروکتوز. مطالعات انجام شده با حیوانات آزمایشگاه نشان می دهد که خوردن رژیم غذایی بالا در فروکتوز باعث افزایش بیش از حد وزن، مقاومت به انسولین، فشار خون بالا و تری گلیسیرید بالا می شود - همه چیز بد است.
از آنجا که "فروکتوز" بسیار شبیه "شربت ذرت فروکتوز بالا" است و چیزی شبیه "شکر معمولی" ندارد، برخی از این دو را به هم متصل می کنند و تصمیم می گیرند که HFCS خطرناک باشد، اما این به نوعی شکر خیلی بد نیست.
احتمال دارد درصد زیادی از کالری شما از فروکتوز در هر روز سبب افزایش وزن بیشتری نسبت به کالری مصرف شده از سایر منابع قند شود - حداقل اگر شما یک آزمایشگاه هستید (مطالعات انسانی این ادعا را تکذیب نکرده است). اما اگر بخواهید فروکتوز بیش از حد بخورید، زیرا غذای بیش از حد می خورید؟ و اگر چه مقدار زیادی فروکتوز از HFCS به دست می آید چرا که این یک عنصر رایج است. این باعث می شود من به دلیل دوم برای demonizing HFCS، سردرگمی بین علت و همبستگی.
شربت ذرت فروکتوز ارزان تر از شکر منظم است، بنابراین آن را به عنوان یک عنصر در غذاهای فرآوری شده و نوشیدنی ها در چند دهه گذشته افزایش یافته است. در طول همان زمان، میزان چاقی، بیماری های قلبی عروقی و دیابت نوع II نیز در ایالات متحده افزایش یافته است و برخی از مردم این افزایش را افزایش می دهند که همزمان افزایش مصرف HFCS می شود.
افزایش مصرف کالری از HFCS ممکن است بخشی از مشکل باشد - نه به این دلیل که HFCS ذاتا شر است - بلکه به این دلیل که آمریکایی ها کالری خود را به طور کلی افزایش داده اند.
در این مورد، HFCS فقط یک اخطار است و هیچ دلیل خوبی برای باور ندارد که چسبیدن به قند به عنوان یک عنصر، هر گونه تفاوت را ایجاد می کند.
مبارزه با مواد غذایی - چه کسی برنده است؟
در اینجا هیچ برنده ای وجود ندارد - HFCS و شکر معمولی هر دو در مقادیر کوچک هم خوب هستند و هر دو بد اگر شما بیش از حد غذا بخورید - اما در مورد به همان اندازه؛ یکی از بدتر از دیگری نیست. با افزایش میزان چربی های خون مانند تری گلیسیرید، مقدار زیاد قند یا HFCS بر بدن تاثیر منفی خواهد گذاشت و در هنگام مصرف بیش از حد می تواند باعث افزایش وزن شود.
چقدر زیاد است؟ این بستگی به نیازهای کلی کالری روزانه شما دارد، اما شما احتمالا می توانید حدود 100 تا 200 کالری اختیاری داشته باشید تا روزانه چند گرم شکر یا HFCS مصرف کنید.
منابع:
Forshee RA، Storey ML، Allison DB، Glinsmann WH، Hein GL، Lineback DR، Miller SA، Nicklas TA، Weaver GA، White JS. "یک بررسی بحرانی شواهد مربوط به شربت ذرت فرکتوز بالا و افزایش وزن". Crit Rev Food Sci. Nutr. 2007؛ 47 (6): 561-82. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408390600846457.
Parks EJ، Skokan LE، Timlin MT، Dingfelder CS. "قندهای رژیم غذایی سنتز اسید چرب در بزرگسالان را تحریک می کنند." J Nutr 2008 ژوئن؛ 138 (6): 1039-46. http://jn.nutrition.org/content/138/6/1039.
Elliott SS، Keim NL، Stern JS، Teff K، Havel PJ. "فروکتوز، افزایش وزن و سندرم مقاومت انسولین". Am J Clin Nutr. نوامبر 2002؛ 76 (5): 911-22. http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/76/5/911.full.
Sievenpiper JL، De Souza RJ، Mirrahimi A، Yu ME، Carleton AJ، Beyene J، Chiavaroli L، Di Buono M، Jenkins AL، Leiter LA، Wolever TM، Kendall CW، Jenkins DJ. "اثر فروکتوز بر وزن بدن در آزمایش های کنترل تغذیه: یک بررسی سیستماتیک و متا آنالیز". Ann Intern Med. 21 فوریه 2012؛ 156 (4): 291-304. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0034296/
Sonestedt E، Overby NC، Laaksonen DE، Birgisdottir BE. "آیا مصرف قند بالا باعث افزایش خطر ابتلا به بیماری های قلبی می شود و خطر ابتلا به دیابت نوع 2 و بیماری قلبی عروقی را افزایش می دهد؟" غذای نطره Res. 2012؛ 56. doi: 10.3402 / fnr.v56i0.19104. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3409338/<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>吸烟有害健康，你这些 间题相信亲戚让我们都让我们都让我们都 都知道，不过随着科秒速飞艇app开户学技术的发展，市面上逐渐经常突然出现了电子烟，刚上市的完后 ，还受到不了不少烟民的追捧，甚至大家还讲述了买车人吸电子烟既然成功戒烟，越来越电子烟真的是健康的吗?
答案是NO，你吸的电子烟是不健康的。现已发现它还原困会原困严重的肺部疾病。
一项新研究发现，电子香烟中使用的化学香料二氧化碳 原困富含关联到闭塞性细支气管炎的化学物质(二乙酰)，闭塞性细支气管炎通常被称为“爆米花肺”。首次发现吸入二乙酰会引起该疾病我我觉得微波爆米花工厂的工人身上发现的。
闭塞性细支气管炎的标志是肺中微小气道的慢性阻塞。其症状包括气喘、干咳和呼吸困难。
“认识到该香料化学物质的吸入与爆米花肺的关联在十多年前。”研究的主要作者、哈佛大学T. H. Chan公共卫生学院的副教授约瑟夫·阿伦博士在一篇新闻稿中说道。“不过，双乙酰等相关调味化学品除了在奶油味爆米花中使用之外，还用于这些 多种调味剂中，包括水果香料、无水乙酸乙酯乙酯调味剂等。现在，亲戚让我们都让我们都让我们都 的研究发现，糖果味电子香烟中富含该化学品。”。
电子烟是电池供电加热另一一个多调味尼古丁溶液来产生尼古丁蒸汽供吸入者吸入的设秒速飞艇app开户备，常被鼓吹为危害小于传统香烟的产品。尼古丁是烟草中原困上瘾的主要化学物质。美国卫生部门目前并未对该产品进行管制，但美国食品药品管理局目前原困为将来的管制秒速飞艇app开户做出了这些 准备。
阿伦博士及其同事指出，原困吸电子烟是另一一个多相对较新但越来越快增长的间题，对于该类产品产生健康影响的研究比较有限。且目前已进行的大每项研究主要集中在尼古丁而是是否是是该设备产生的这些 化学品。
在7000多种好喝的电子烟二氧化碳 中，阿伦博士及其团队确定了其中51种领先品牌在实验室进行检测。除了二乙酰，研究人员还考察了乙偶姻和2，3-戊二酮。我我觉得还越来越得到证实，但后一种生活化学物质也原困造成呼吸系统的健康风险。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>by Neil Hawkes
Advisory and Inspection Service, Cricket Road Centre, Cricket Road, Oxford OX4 3DW
To: Headteachers of all schools/units
cc: Advisers, Officers, Advisory Teachers
Tel: 01865:428117 Fax: 01865 428118
26 January 2001
Being a School of Excellence: The Role of Reflection
Last term I sent you a paper that gave ideas about how to develop a school assembly from a values based perspective. This term I am pleased to send you a paper on the role of reflection. So many schools are finding that by introducing reflection as a teaching strategy they are creating a classroom climate that encourages pupils to be more responsible for themselves and their work.
I do hope that you will find, like me, the experience of Karen Errington, Windmill First School and Alison Williams, Bartholomew School, to be inspiring. I commend the work to you.
Introduction - The importance of stillness and reflection
During the past few years a number of Oxfordshire teachers have been developing an effective teaching technique known as reflection. They have found that by using it their teaching has become both more effective and enjoyable. Karen Errington, from Windmill First School in Oxford and Alison Williams from Bartholomew Secondary School at Eynsham have carefully developed reflection as a key aspect of their teaching and I am delighted to enclose their articles which I recommend for your serious consideration as you look to develop effective practice in your own school or class. I recognise that many teachers will be using the technique, particularly during assembly times, but what follows I hope will help either, those who want to get started or those who want to refine and develop their practice of reflection.
Behind this work is the realisation that it is important to create quiet reflective times in the classroom. A period of silence at the beginning of a lesson followed by a simple reflection, when the children are asked to consider and reflect on the work that they are about to do or have completed, is an excellent technique to develop positive thinking skills. The use of reflection develops the imaginative side of the brain that promotes creativity and problem solving. Periods of stillness help to create a learning-centred atmosphere that allows each child to have the opportunity to achieve success. The classroom's quiet and reflective atmosphere is not something that is imposed but grows out of the expectations and behaviour of the teacher. A more reflective atmosphere can be promoted, especially in more challenging classrooms, by using appropriate music during working periods that helps to develop a peaceful atmosphere. If we are clear in our own minds about the aim of a reflection i.e. to relax, calm and still; to focus the mind, create some mental space and get in touch with our inner-selves; then it is of prime importance to become aware that we as teachers are the primary participant and a role model to the pupils. If they are to be stilled and calmed the teacher must be that first! If they are to be focused the teacher must be totally focused too!
Using reflection promotes an atmosphere that raises achievement and encourages quality in all aspect of schoolwork. In order to be effective the teacher needs to be self reflective and confident. She needs to be able to model what she expects in the pupils. (
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close to recent estimate of Ethiopia’s annual deforestation rate of 1.1% from 1995 to 2010 (FAO 2010) and our study also showed that forests had declined at a rate of − 2.53% annually since 1950s. Our study area is located in the Dry Afromontane region (Friis et al. 2010) and our finding falls perfectly into the general pattern of deforestation observed in sub-saharan Africa (Brink and Eva 2009). However within sub-saharan Africa region east African countries such as Burundi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda had generally shown a 3% increase of forest from 1984 to 2011 (e.g. Berakhi et al. 2015). Though forest cover increased in the eastern Africa region, it was not due to what some calls as a “forest transition” where net afforestation exceeds net deforestation (Lambin and Meyfroidt 2011) rather land clearance for agriculture was mainly depended on woodland savanna than forests in these counties (Berakhi et al. 2015).
The deforestation patterns observed in our study area aligns well with the regional biophysical dynamics especially drought cycles and socio-political and economic changes in Ethiopia and beyond. A very high rate of annual deforestation during the first study period (1957–1975) was mainly due to a combination of demographic pressure and to some extent economic development policy of the imperial government. As Rahmato (2009) indicated agricultural land holding had already declined in the last days of the imperial government (early 1970s) due to increasing population pressure and government economic development policy which were meant to increase production crops for export.
As we discussed earlier forest cover increased during 1975–1995 which coincided with crises situations due to the aftermaths of two major droughts in Ethiopia 1973/74 and 1984/85. These two major drought incidences resulted on major famines and social disruptions in Ethiopia. Thus, the crises had pushed for a shift in government policy, particularly with support of donor organizations, to engage in afforestation/reforestation of degraded lands (Amsalu et al. 2007; Teferi et al. 2013). During this period as shown in our results, barren land had increased due to land abandonment either due to government resettlement and villagization programs of mid-1980s where people from highly densely settled areas were relocated to sparsely populated lowlands and rift valley areas (Amsalu et al. 2007; Rahmato 2009). These plantation forests belonged to the government and most of the local people participated through a food-for-work scheme. Unfortunately, such positive change in forest cover did not spare destruction after the fall of derg regime in 1991 due to ownership discontent. Moreover, the new government after 1991 adopted a neo-liberal economic development policy where privatization and devolution of power were the two pillars. Consequently, both federal and local governments started to encourage private investments to their regions by providing tax incentives, infrastructure (Dadi et al. 2016; FZSeP 2011) and other utility services. These market incentives and policy directions formed synergies with high rate of urbanization (4.4%) and infrastructural development fuelled high demand for agricultural products and wood for constructions. Moreover, high demand for vegetables and fruits in Addis Ababa and newly emerging satellite towns served as triggers of forest cover loss in the study area. This was evidenced by a high rate of recent deforestation 7.4% while simultaneously about 5.4% of total the forests were recent regrowth which indicated high level of disturbance and vulnerability of forests to degradation. Similarly, large tracts of forests of the study area have now been exposed to degradation due to disturbance vectors such as road networks, streams and government policy which puts an axe on the hill side forests of the study area.
Over the last six decades the study area has shown an unprecedented level of LULC change. The main drivers of change were the combination of biophysical processes, demographic dynamics (population growth, density and internal migration), urbanization and successive government policies. The massive conversion of forests to agricultural lands and barren lands may have far reaching impact on biodiversity and ecosystem services, land degradation and a change in local hydrological regime.
As to biodiversity and ecosystem services the remaining forests are found in steep slopes on the northwestern section of the study area. Nevertheless, increasing urbanization and infrastructural network would drive further loss due to accessibility and livelihood challenges of the recently migrated poor from the rural and urban areas. These forests on the mountain hills are ‘refugia’ of perhaps previously widely distributed dry Afromontane vegetation and may serve as a genetic pool for future dispersal but forest clearance for agriculture and other forms of disturbance such as evidenced by recent regrowth may result in declines of ecosystem integrity and the loss of ecosystem services provisions to the local communities.
Moreover, land degradation particularly soil erosion and fertility decline are one of the serious challenges facing Ethiopia in the last few decades. Our study informs that market demands for food crops and forest products have generated massive pressure on land based resources. Especially agricultural expansion was so pervasive during the last two decades. This resulted in expansion of cultivation in steep slopes and conversion of forest lands to agricultural lands. Such removal of land cover and cultivation of marginal land such as slopes to cultivated fields may increase the risk of soil erosion and fertility loss. Moreover, the recent government investment policy and infrastructural development have further increased vulnerability of forests to degradation and heightened deforestation. Thus, the rate of soil erosion due to land conversions is expected to worsen in the study area unless aggressive forest management actions are undertaken.
Furthermore, changes in LULC have also a great impact on local hydrological regime. The study area is endowed with large reservoirs which are sources of water supply to Addis Ababa city and its environs since the 1970s. However, forest degradation risk map analysis we conducted show that the likelihood of increased risk of surface runoff and stream flows discharging from the degraded highland areas to the reservoirs. This has also an impact on the volume and quality of the two reservoirs (Dire and Legadadi dams) by increasing the sediment inflow. Therefore, priority should be given to implement effective soil–water conservation with active participation of local people.
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KT has designed the study, collected data, carried out the field work, analyzed and interpreted the document of the manuscript. DW has contributed in literature work, reviewing and editorial works. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript.
We thank Tafo, Dire-sequru and Legedadi local elders and monks for their genuine collaboration and valuable time to provide their views. We also thank indeed the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their very insightful and constructive comments. Finally, we are greatly indebted to Earth Explorer of USGS and ESA for offering free access to Landsat and Sentinel-2 images.
The authors declare that they have no conflicting interest.
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Deribew, K.T., Dalacho, D.W. Land use and forest cover dynamics in the North-eastern Addis Ababa, central highlands of Ethiopia. Environ Syst Res 8, 8 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-019-0137-1
- Land cover dynamics
- Land use transitions
- Multi-criteria analysis<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>WaluigiRacer 22 Commenti
Ricordate Grezzo, la software house che ha lavorato al remake per Nintendo 3DS di The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of time (e anche ad altri progetti come The Legend of Zelda: Four Sword Anniversary Edition più altri giochi DSiware minori)? Bene, recentemente ha pubblicato un annuncio con il quale cercherebbe nuovi programmatori. Fin qui nulla di strano, se non fosse per il fatto che il titolo dell'annuncio in questione recita (tradotto letteralmente dal giapponese) "Non volete creare una leggenda insieme a noi?".
Che ci sia qualche riferimento nascosto ad un ipotetico remake 3D di The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask? Solo il tempo potrà dircelo.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Great Migrations: Whales, Wildebeests, Butterflies, Elephants, and Other Amazing Animals on the Move
By Elizabeth Carney
National Geographic Children's Books, 2010
This book is a companion to the television series on the National Geographic channel. This book is filled with full color photographs and wonderful text that also has visual appeal. Learn about the migration habits of eight different animals in this wonderful book.
The Journey: Stories of Migration
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The Blue Sky Press, 2006
Learn about locusts, monarch butterflies, gray whales, American silver eels, caribou, and Arctic terns and their complex journeys. Beautiful artwork depicting the migration of these animals graces page after page.
What Is Migration?
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Voyage, fly and move with animals of all types and species as they move across the world to feed and survive. Learn about the ones you are familiar with and also with the ones you are not; like eels as they battle the elements for survival in this complex trip.
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By Marianne Berkes
Dawn Publishing, 2010
This is
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表示自己对危险的恐惧，这方面主要来自于自己最近看了太多蛇吃人，蛇咬人死亡的影片。<六安治癫痫比较好的方法?/p>
已婚男士梦见蛇缠身，意味着自己会遇到暗恋自己的人。梦中的蛇代表的就是暗恋自己的人，自己做此梦可能是表达自己心中的想法。不能很好的拒绝她，只能回避她，怕她会受到伤害。
梦见无毒蛇缠住自己，表示自己人际关系得到很好的进展，扩充自己的人脉。对于职场打工者来说，无毒蛇指的是同事或者是领导。对于经商者来说，无毒蛇指的是生意上的合作伙伴。
男人梦见被蛇咬，交好运，是祥兆!
梦见蛇咬你自己，要交好运，生活会丰裕。
梦见蛇咬自己妻子，是不祥之兆，会遇到忧愁不幸。
梦见敌人被蛇咬伤，敌人会互相残杀，最后两败俱伤。
【梦见蛇的相关解梦九】
做梦梦见蛇好不好？
梦见蛇是不详的预兆，蛇预示着会有许多困难、障碍和背信弃义的行径接踵而来。
梦见打蛇，意味着身体受创；孕妇梦见打蛇，说明赶走了霉运很快会喜得贵子，且宝宝聪明健康；
病人做梦梦见蛇，身体不但不会好转，反而病情更加的严重和恶化；
梦见很多的蛇，暗示着重重困难与考验。男人梦见很多蛇，预示着工作或生活上十分不顺，有可能因为情绪和态度问题被炒鱿鱼或者与家人产生矛盾，提醒梦者需好好调整自己的心态
；
梦见一堆蛇，暗示着身边会有小人出现或事业上遇到很强烈的竞争对手。商人梦见一堆的蛇，预示着身边的朋友的会出卖自己，生意上遇到很大的困难，提醒梦者要留意身边的人，有时最好的朋友反而害了自己；女人梦见一堆蛇，暗示着丈夫会有外遇或自己会有婚外恋。
梦见蛇死了
梦到自己把蛇打死了或是斩断，这是一个大吉的梦，表示梦者最近虽然碰上不少难题，但是都能够顺利解决，烦恼也很快就会消除的。
梦见死蛇，是吉兆，暗示梦者会有好运；
梦见半条死蛇，意味着梦者会发财；
梦见很多死蛇，意味着梦者家庭关系融洽和睦；
商人梦见死蛇，意味着梦者的聪明睿智会让自己很快找到赚钱的新项目。
【梦见蛇的相关解梦十】
男人做梦梦到蛇
男人做梦梦到蛇，在周公解梦愿意中，蛇象征着邪恶，或者敌人，所以男人梦到蛇则预示着你心中可能会有一些邪恶的想法，但是因为你自己的善良和良知的发现，让你在还没有实行之前透过梦境向你发出警告，消灭掉这个想法。
男人做梦梦到被蛇咬，最近偏财运可能会比较旺盛，能够得到一些意外之财，但是要留意使用这些意外之财，最好的是哪来做善事，如果使用不当很可能会给自己招来大祸。
男人做梦梦到蛇咬自己妻子，是不详之兆，预示会遇到忧愁和不幸。
男人做梦门道蛇钻进洞里，要留意家里被偷窃或者抢劫，也可能预示你有什么不可告人的秘密已经被小人明白，要留意提防。
男人做梦梦到蛇捕猎，会有不幸的消息，并且已经注定，没有办法透过外力来改变。
男人做梦梦到把蛇打死了，你能够战胜敌人，并且能够征服他。
男人做梦梦到很多蛇游动，家里很快就会出大事，有可能开始分家，各奔东西，不再来往。
男人做梦梦到与蛇发生对峙，最后躲开了，预示最近敌人可能会对你使用什么诡计，但是你最后能够逃脱，并且有反击的机会。
做梦梦见蛇好不好
一般来说，做梦梦到蛇有好也有坏，梦者的各种表现，蛇的各种种类，决定了梦见蛇不能单纯的以一种绝对的结果去界定。
1、如果想到了吃蛇肉，梦里出现的蛇只是“食物”，那所谓的蛇梦其实就只是食欲作怪。
2、如果做梦人平日里或者生活中有人用与蛇相关的这些元素去形容某人某种行为的时候，梦里就容易出现蟒蛇，巨蛇，或者大蛇缠绕追赶。这说明你的身边有一些像：蛇蝎小人，毒蛇妇人的强大恶势力出现。
3、梦里出现的是被蛇追赶，被蛇撕咬，除了是因为蛇联想导致的蛇梦，那基本能够界定为在现实生活中看到了很多强悍凶狠的事情的时候，最先想到的就是规避，逃跑，体现的做梦人的属于不善于主动出击，被动型人格。继续展开，这种人格会导致怎样样的交际圈和事业运呢相信大家会得出决定了。
【梦见蛇】相关文章：
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8.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Report: Stormwater and graywater valid water sources, but guidelines for use are needed
WASHINGTON – In the face of drought and major water shortages, the U.S. is increasingly turning to alternative water sources like stormwater and graywater, but guidelines and research on their risk to public health and the environment are needed to support decisions for safe use, says a new report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Graywater and stormwater could significantly supplement traditional potable water supplies using existing technology to capture and treat the waters, but there is currently limited information on the costs, benefits, risks, and regulation of such projects, the report concludes. Additional research and changes in infrastructure will be necessary to take full advantage of the potential of graywater and stormwater, the report adds.
Graywater is untreated wastewater from bathroom sinks, showers, tubs, washers, and laundry sinks, and stormwater is runoff from rainfall or snowmelt from roofs, parking areas, and land surfaces. These types of water can be collected and treated for nonpotable uses including irrigation, toilet flushing, and laundry and outdoor washing. The committee that conducted the study and wrote the report undertook a comprehensive analysis of the risks, costs, and benefits of various uses of graywater and stormwater, as well as their capture and use at household, neighborhood, and regional scales.
More research and data on stormwater and graywater quality are necessary to assess the risks under various human exposures, particularly on the types and concentrations of pathogens that are likely to occur, the report says. Additional information is also needed on the organic chemicals in stormwater and their consequences for various uses.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>主队分析：进攻端状态和稳定性回升，近三场的比赛有两场比赛都有进球入账，新赛季5轮的比赛有两场比赛都有进球入账，战术对定位球的需求和欲望比较高，指数的走势比较飘忽，并且是相间出现，线场的比赛各打出了两次大小球，近期整体战法比较多变，本赛季从德丙升入乙级之后并没有很大的补强动作，球队整体实力增幅不大，主场的能力不差，本赛季两个联赛主场打出1胜1平保持着不败，两战仅仅丢了1个球。
客队分析：球队近况来看，纽伦堡队在最近七场比赛中取得2胜3平2负进9球失10球，在本赛季两个客场正式比赛中取得两连平进3球失3球，其中在联赛客场1比1战平雷根斯堡队、客场2比2战平圣保利队。在上周五的联赛中，纽伦堡队在第15分钟取得比分领先，随后与对手展开闷战并在第53分钟失球，在下半场后半段占据人数优势的情况下没能抓住机会，最终无奈地获得一分。
综合分析：布伦斯维克在交锋往绩方面本就不占优势，过去两次与纽伦堡交手更是悉，心理压力较大，如今拥有主场之利却未能作出合理让步，输球的几率非常大。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>搬出“水窝子”住小洋楼梁山黄河滩区居民不再挠头
““我预订了去佛罗里达的上午班机，六点四十五，从纽瓦克出来。我想今晚回来，但是太晚了。”真的。当他说，“可以，你没有得到我们或美联储感兴趣的东西。但是国际刑警组织呢？“我回答，“相信我，如果我知道孩子在哪里，你就不必问了。”“几秒钟后，埃斯特林说，“就是这样，呵呵？““他瞥了我一眼，我正在朝车窗外看。我们以为我们做了我们必须做的事，他们会理解的。但是很显然，我们打乱了人民的心灵和思想的胜利。我告诉他们，“你在说什么，心事重重？看看他们刚刚对我们做了什么。我是说，我应该每天冒着风险，让你进来告诉我这些人相信美国？““这些S-5来自基地营地。他们在飞机上操作，扔掉那些宣传传单。
无处不在,我们必须遵循。防守,不是进攻。这是没有时间,换句话说,CoCs推出另一个操作的水晶之夜。让反动派开始暴力。让每个人都看到他们在混乱的煽动者,就像他们是那些碎国家的宪法和法律。””她现在看着冈瑟Achterhof。”别人设计的潜艇动力完全由电池驱动汽车。还有一些人,结合新老技术,潜艇由蒸汽机为表面设计对于水下旅行旅行和电池驱动汽车。所有早期版本有缺点:汽油发动机很难开始和不可靠的操作,和发出危险的气体。电池体积庞大,重,和虚弱。蒸汽机仍产生过多的热量。
当我们听到他按时呕吐时，他让排里的人做鬼脸，这样我们就看不见他了。我们知道他在做什么。它深深地印在我的脑海里。点头，沃夫继续说：“然后我们只有不到这个数字来完成我们的修理和返程旅行。希罗根人不能了解子空间隧道。”“问：“来自双星对的等离子射流会掩盖我们的出口吗？““乔杜里回答，“对，只要希罗根不在武器范围内。
他还送来一壶加威士忌的咖啡。“你还冷吗？“埃斯特琳不停地问。对，我还是很冷。也许在梅林给她的一切帮助下，她会变得那么甜蜜。”“私下里，格温相当怀疑这样的奇迹会发生，但是，这种情况下，乡绅最好的服务是保持她的嘴唇密封。CONTENTSPrologueCHAPTER1CHAPTER2CHAPTER3CHAPTER4CHAPTER5CHAPTER6CHAPTER7CHAPTER8CHAPTER9CHAPTER10CHAPTER11CHAPTER12CHAPTER13CHAPTER14CHAPTER15CHAPTER16CHAPTER17CHAPTER18EpilogueDON‘TMISSTHESEOTHERHOTNOVELSBYBRENDAJACKSONAFAMILYREUNIONTIESTHATBINDTHESAVVYSISTAHSAVAILABLEFROMSTMARTIN’SGRIFFINPRAISEFORANDTHEMADARISSERIES“Asuper-hothero，一个令人兴奋的女主角和不间断的动作！写浪漫的激情和你爱上的人物。“-洛莉福斯特，纽约时报畅销书作者”午夜是一个过山车的阅读激情，阴谋和欺骗“-莎伦萨拉，。“纽约时报”畅销书作者投降“Madaris一家是粉丝们永远不会厌倦的家庭！第一次读者也会感到宾至如归-这既是一个独立的故事，也是一个续集！”-浪漫主义时代的真爱“在”真爱“中用一支圆滑的笔和一种非常独特的声音写着。
“那么就这么说吧：如果你的记忆力提高了，你打电话给我。不是那些局里的混蛋。不是那些棕色鼻子的侦探。大多数情况下，他们是一群好人。但不是那两个。我们两人在水里的时候，我给了路易斯·杜阿尔特一个选择，试着让自己脱离困境：告诉我真相，否则我会让你死的。所以他告诉我实情。也许吧。这是另一个提醒：平民提供信息。专业人士以物易物。唱诗班男生把一个大筹码放在我桌子这边。
“我知道你很匆忙，“他说。我想，我们走吧。我毫不怀疑中央公园的警察感到欠债，但我也知道他想要什么。埃斯特林是纽约警察局的一名兽医，按照易货系统的代码生活。但我在指挥士兵作战方面还很年轻。我什么都不知道。我就是他们会说的那种中尉，“哦，倒霉，这是另一个绿色中尉。”这就是我。
没有教堂,不管是否成立,禁止存在,只要它遵守国家的法律和省的。””她放下表。”就像我说的,各种各样的让步,最后。”””不多的,”观察海琳Gundelfinger。”它只承认抽象non-established教堂的存在的权利。由本身。因此，波兰的情况令人沮丧。那些与长期海军战略有关的人假设更乐观的计划。根据欧洲最近的经济和政治历史，假设德国在适当的时候恢复其主要的工业和金融地位并不是不合理的，而且《凡尔赛条约》的严厉限制将逐渐放松，最终是灰姑娘。挑战是制定未来的海军战略，并计划海军在《凡尔赛条约》的现有限制范围内制定战略，同时假定这些限制可能随着年份的推移而减少。
“好像感兴趣，我说，“奇怪的，那是朦胧的，也是。你还记得我们说的话吗？““警察用锐利的目光看了我一眼。“我听不见，因为那些该死的鹅。但你就在那里，你们两个，谈话好像你不着急，不担心死亡。”““我试图让他明白，“我说。“我们快没时间了。在随后的几年里，它与许多国家（意大利）谈判销售协议，奥地利-匈牙利，(挪威)更大，更精密的石蜡船。与此同时，克虏伯对德国工程师施加了巨大的压力，使柴油发动机进入潜艇实用阶段。尽管德国帝国海军的工作人员同意冯·蒂尔皮茨的大型舰艇计划，它为潜艇军备竞赛而烦恼，部分原因是德国工业。出口这种重要的军事技术似乎是轻率的，哪一个，在错误的人手里，可能引起帝国海军大船的巨大悲痛。至少，工作人员争辩说，帝国海军应该购买一艘潜艇进行评估。
我们以为我们做了我们必须做的事，他们会理解的。但是很显然，我们打乱了人民的心灵和思想的胜利。我告诉他们，“你在说什么，心事重重？看看他们刚刚对我们做了什么。我是说，我应该每天冒着风险，让你进来告诉我这些人相信美国？““这些S-5来自基地营地。他们在飞机上操作，扔掉那些宣传传单。我的意思是，我知道说谎是坏的，所以我放弃了它，但我从来没有明白我为什么要看心理医生。”你已经在这学校不到两个星期了，MicahWilkins，你已经有了说出谎言和错误酋长的名声。我的眼睛在你身上。”我没有问他怎么会影响他看到别的东西。
我们站在那里，他和我，大约相距三英尺。它落在我们俩之间。那是一只靴子，靴子上的腿在靴子的顶部剪得很厉害。它垂直着地，就像一部该死的电影。但是我们没有向村子开枪。在军队中，他们只是碰巧被军衔预先指定，而不一定是技能、能力或其他任何东西。我是说，其中一件事是意识到，因为某人比你地位高或年纪大，这并没有使他变得更聪明。还有一件事是我去越南后学到的。我长大了，在高中时是属于全美国一群人的那种人群。直到后来我才发现，在军队里，人们如何对待我，对我产生了
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10, 20 and 50 dinars. The Central Bank of Jordan took over note printing responsibility in 1959.
|1 dinar||Sharif Hussein bin Ali (Hashemite Arab leader who led the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire)||Great Arab Revolt||Lime and green|
|5 dinars||Abdullah I bin al-Hussein (first King of Jordan)||Ma’an Palaces (an intended palace in Jerusalem never completed, but still owned by the Hashemite Kingdom)||Brick orange|
|10 dinars||Talal bin Abdullah (Second king of Jordan, forced to resign due to health)||First Jordanian Parliament building||Blue|
|20 dinars||Hussein bin Talal||Dome of the Rock (one of the holiest sites in Islam)||Cyan|
|50 dinars||King Abdullah II||Raghadan Palace (palace in Amman, Jordan)||Pink and brown|
Since 1995 the Jordanian dinar has been pegged to the IMF’s SDR (special drawing rights). SDR is not a real currency, it is a reserve asset issued by the IMF to supplement existing official reserves and provide greater monetary stability. The SDR is made up of the world’s four most used currencies. In effect this means that the JOD is pegged to the USD, however over the last 12 months the SDR has fallen 10% against the USD to a rate of 1 SDR to 1.3873 USD due to the USD strength against the other currencies which make up the SDR.
Jordan’s economy has been on a wild ride since independence. The country’s economy rose 351% in the 70’s, fell 30% in the 1980’s and rose 36% in the 1990’s. Pegging the JOD gave the country greater monetary stability in the 1990’s. King Abdullah’s rule (beginning in 1999) has been characterised by economic liberalisation which has resulted in a healthy growth rate of about 7% per year until 2008.
Jordan has free trade deals with the US, Canada, EU and many regional neighbours. Unfortunately the country is hugely dependent on oil imports for energy, only 10% of its land is arable, and there is limited water supply. However the country is one of the most stable and wealthy in the region, with a well governed liberal market economy based on phosphates, potash, tourism, remittances and foreign aid. In the last few years growth has fallen to about 2% due to global financial issues and regional instability.
The current refugee crisis caused by the conflict in Syria has cost Jordan about 6% of GDP annually, causing the country to be increasingly reliant on foreign aid.
The Bottom Line
Despite regional instability, global economic uncertainty, and expensive refugee crisis, Jordan has managed to hang on politically and economically. As long as the situation does not worsen drastically Jordan’s economy will remain strong. A looming interest rate hike for the USD combined with uncertainty in the post-Brexit UK and EU means that the JOD could lose some strength against the USD over time, but it will not come as a sudden spike or drop thanks to the mechanisms behind the SDR.
Stay informed. Stay Current.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>For many years, when the term “rare gene mutation” appeared in a sentence along with “Alzheimer’s disease,” the news was reliably grim. That’s because people who possess the only known genetic anomalies associated with the disease face greatly increased chances of becoming sick with it. One gene, known as AP0E4, is so powerfully linked to Alzheimer’s that many people—including James Watson, who, along with Francis Crick, discovered DNA—have refused even to learn whether they possess it.
Today, for the first time, researchers have positive genetic news to report: there is a mutation, also rare, that appears to prevent people from getting Alzheimer’s. A team of researchers led by Kári Stefánsson and his colleagues at DeCode Genetics in Iceland (I wrote about Stefánsson and Iceland’s genetic gold rush for this magazine nearly fifteen years ago) found that this mutation slowed the production of a protein called beta amyloid in the brain. Beta amyloid has long been implicated in Alzheimer’s—and previously discovered mutations actually increased its production. The discovery was published online in the journal Nature this afternoon.
Stefánsson has been able to take advantage of Iceland’s remarkable genetic homogeneity. When so many people are genetically similar, the effects of small differences become easier to discern. In this study, the scientists examined the DNA of seventeen hundred and ninety-five people in Iceland. About one per cent of them had a mutation in the gene needed to form beta amyloid. When the team looked at people in the study who were eighty-five or older, the people with the mutation appeared to be protected from the disease. In fact, the mutation seems to even protect people with ApoE4 genes, ninety per cent of whom get Alzheimer’s by the age of eighty. In this study, however, twenty-five people older than eighty-five had two copies of ApoE4. Not one of them had Alzheimer’s.
This is an important finding, but it needs to be put in perspective. The protective mutation is so rare that only one in ten thousand people carry it. However, scientists may now be able to learn why the gene is protective—and if they do, they may also be able to make a drug that does the same thing. We are far from the day when Alzheimer’s disease is cured. But we are much closer to it today than we were yesterday.
Illustration by David Levine.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>One Park, Three Units
John Day Fossil Beds National Monument is comprised of more than 14,000 acres within three separate units located in eastern Oregon: Sheep Rock, Painted Hills, and Clarno. The three units of the monument hold some of the best fossil bearing locations within the larger John Day Fossil Beds, which cover most of eastern Oregon.
You will find no dinosaurs here; this area was underwater during that time. The John Day Fossil Beds preserve plant and animal fossils from most of the Age of Mammals and Flowering Plants, covering a time period from 44 million years ago until 7 million years ago. With such a vast span of time covered in one place, this area provides unparalleled insight into how the world as we know it came to be.
Your Guide to John Day Fossil Beds National Monument: One Park, Three Units The ultimate science road trip park!
A map of eastern Oregon John Day Fossil Beds is made up of three separate units: Clarno, Painted Hills, and Sheep Rock.
A map of the Clarno Unit. The Clarno Unit is closest to the town of Fossil, OR. It is about 3.5 hours from Portland, OR and 2 hours from Bend, OR.
This rocky outcrop is called the Clarno Palisades. They are destructive mudflows called lahars that cemented together semi-tropical forests over 44 million years ago.
A map of the Painted Hills Unit. The Painted Hills Unit is closest to the town of Mitchell, OR. It is about 2 hours from Bend, OR and 4 hours from Portland, OR.
The red and tan hues that make up the colorful hills called the Painted Hills are fossil soils from deciduous forests, about 33 million years ago.
A map of the Sheep Rock Unit. The Sheep Rock Unit is closest to the town of Dayville, OR. It is about 2.5 hours from Bend, OR and 4.5 hours from Portland, OR.
The state of the art Thomas Condon Paleontology and Visitor Center is located at the Sheep Rock Unit. This is the only visitor center at the park and the best place to experience fossils.
Thank you for visiting John Day Fossil Beds and while you are here, Don’t Hurt the Dirt and Stay on trails. For more information call us at 541-987-2333 or e-mail us at [email protected]. You can follow us on Facebook Twitter, and Instagram
Visit our keyboard shortcuts docs for details
This video is an overview of the three units of John Day Fossil Beds: Clarno, Painted Hills, and Sheep Rock.
Important Things to Know Before Your Visit
Public collecting or digging for fossils is never allowed in the monument.
All three locations of John Day Fossil Beds National Monument are within a rural area of the state. There is no cell phone service or Internet access within the monument, with the except for public WiFi at the Painted Hills picnic area. Most of the local communities do have cell coverage, but your coverage will vary depending on your carrier. Mitchell has limited cellular service, and there is a functioning pay phone across the road from the general store.
Due to winding roads, actual travel times are longer than those estimated by most mapping programs and GPS units. Visitors should expect to average no more than 45 miles per hour anywhere in the region. The road to the Clarno Unit (Highway 218) is particularly curvy, expect to drive 35 miles per hour while along it.
Even though Oregon is a full-service only state, meaning that you are not permitted to pump your own fuel, in communities with less than 40,000 residents, you may pump your own gas. However, even with the recent changes allowing for self-service after-hours, many local businesses have not installed pumps that can accommodate self-service. It is recommended to fill up with fuel before leaving major highways or urban areas if you will be traveling later than 7:00 pm in summer or 6:00 pm in winter.
There is a fleet (business-use members only) fuel station in Mitchell. There is also a retail pump that is open intermittently. Otherwise, the nearest fuel available from Mitchell is at Prineville (53 miles west of Mitchell), Dayville (51 miles east of Mitchell), Fossil (44 miles north of Mitchell), and Spray (59 miles northeast of Mitchell).
Last updated: May 16, 2020<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How do measured PBDE and HCBD levels in river fish compare to the European Environmental Quality Standards?
This study evaluates the current situation regarding PBDE and HBCD levels in different river fish species. We collected published data in the last five years in different countries around the world. These levels of pollution were compared with Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for biota established by the European Directive in the field of water policy. Although HBCD situation is not critical, with only some values exceeding the limit about 5 times, the PBDE levels clearly exceeded the established EQS, with 25% of fish samples exceeding up to ten thousand times. Although it is expected that levels of pollution by PBDEs will decrease over the next years due to the ban in their use, it is not expected that this decrease will reach the EQS values by the end of 2021, as demanded by the European Directive. Hence, it is necessary to implement new strategies in order to minimize the impact of PBDEs on the environment.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>考试类型
政法干警考试行测定义判断类题目一般是给出一个定义解释，然后让考生选择符合上述定义或不符合定义内容的选项，题干和选项的内容相对较多，需要考生在短时间内提取出有效信息，结合所给选项，选择正确的一个选项。这类题目主要考查考生运用标准进行判断的能力。
一、紧扣题目 找准关键词
紧扣题目中给出的定义，尤其是定义中那些含有重要内涵的关键词。
作为一个概念的定义，其一般都是相当严密的，对于事件发生的前提条件、成立的必要条件以及最终的落脚点即中心语都会给出明确的界定，考生在看到—个定义时首先就应该标出这些关键词，然后再阅读下面给出的事例选项，一一对应看该事例是否符合定义中的规定。在寻找关键词时，一般选择定语，看其关键词有几层含义。
二、定义本身 着手分析
从定义本身入手进行分析和判断，不要凭借自己已有的概念去衡量，特别是当试题的定义与自己头脑中的定义之间存在差异时，应以题目中的定义为准。倘若和自己头脑中的定义一致时，就可以快速选择。
【例题再现】
盲人摸象——传说几个瞎子摸到一头大象，摸到腿的说大象像一根柱子，摸到身躯的说像一堵墙，摸到尾巴的说大象像一条蛇，各执己见。盲人摸象用来比喻对事物了解不全面，固执一点，乱加揣测。
根据上述定义，下列现象最不能用盲人摸象来形容的是：
A.某官员下到地方考察，接触到富裕示范区后，就得出结论说此地经济建设搞得好
B.老李在受到局长批评后，忽然发现局长的领导能力极差
C.调查组在抽样调查中，只抽取了极少数事例进行调查
D.在班级事务上，班主任只听取了某些班干部的意见
【关键词】不全面、固执一点、乱加揣测
【深度分析】
中公军转网解析：盲人摸象的定义要点是：对事物了解不全面。A项的“富裕示范区”、C项的“极少数事例”和D项的“某些班干部”都体现了“不全面”，符合定义要点。而B项老李发现局长的领导能力极差是因为受到局长批评，而不是因为对局长了解的不全面，不符合定义要点。故答案选B。
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热门招聘关注查看备考干货关注查看实时互动关注查看<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Printer of documents for a government. This was a Legislative appointment, and as politics became more competitive, this office followed suit. Most Public Printers also published newspapers, and with increasing frequency, those elected were of the same political persuasion as the current setting Legislature. In some states which had a large foreign speaking population, with their own language newspapers, several Public Printers were elected, one in English and another for whatever other language was largely spoken.
1796 - 1824: Kentucky, Massachusetts, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia
Office Scope: State
Role Scope: State<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>اتاق خبر: میثم مظفر با بیان این که مصوبات شورای اسلامی شهر تهران نیازمند تایید در فرمانداری تهران است، افزود: موضوع افزایش نرخ کرایه تاکسی برای دومین بار در شورای اسلامی شهر تهران مطرح شده است.
وی افزود: اگر فرمانداری همچنان افزایش ۱۵ درصدی نرخ کرایه تاکسی را تایید نکند؛ این موضوع به شورای حل اختلاف ارجاع داده می شود.
مدیرعامل سازمان تاکسیرانی خاطرنشان کرد: در هر صورت ما مطابق قانون عمل خواهیم کرد و کاری خارج از چارچوب مقررات انجام نخواهد شد.
وی به دلایل افزایش نرخ کرایه تاکسی پرداخت و گفت: با توجه به اینکه حقوق کارگران ۱۴درصد افزایش یافته است افزایش نرخ کرایه تاکسی طبیعی است زیرا رانندگان تاکسی با مشکلات اقتصادی روبرو هستند.
وی به مشکلات قشر رانندگان تاکسی پرداخته و گفت: با توجه به حذف یارانه بنزین رانندگان تاکسی، هزینه سوخت تاکسی ها نسبت به سال گذشته ۴۳ درصد افزایش پیدا کرد. به گفته مظفر در حال حاضر هزینه های سوخت به همراه هزینه های جاری بر شانه این قشر سنگینی می کند.
مظفر تاکید کرد: افزایش ۱۵ درصدی کرایه تاکسی حداقل سقف مصلحت عمومی بوده است که شورای اسلامی شهر تهران آن را تصویب کرده است.
وی تاکید کرد: تا زمان اعلام رسمی افزایش نرخ کرایه تاکسی رانندگان مجاز به افزایش کرایه تاکسی نیستند و شهروندان می توانند تخلفات احتمالی را از طریق تلفن ۱۸۸۸ با ما درمیان بگذارند.
به گفته مظفر، روند نظارتی سازمان تاکسیرانی هر ساله از طریق کمیته هایی در مناطق ۲۲ گانه انجام می شود، بدین صورت که هر ساله پرونده رانندگان متخلف در هیات انضباطی مطرح می شود واگر راننده ای امتیازان منفی بیش از حد مجاز در پرونده خود داشته باشد، از ناوگان تاکسیرانی اخراج خواهد شد.
منبع:مهر<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I was heavily influenced by a handful of papers that were published during my first few years of graduate school. Some of these — Fine et al. (2004) on how herbivores promote habitat specialization in trees, Rooney et al. (2006) on food-web structure and stability — resonated because I could connect them to problems that I was working on. Others, such as Schmitz et al. (2004) on the ecological importance of predator-avoidance behavior, made an impression because they seemed to herald seismic shifts in the outlook of community ecology. And then there was a set of papers that captivated me with their sheer elegance: beautifully designed and executed field experiments that inspired me and made me jealous.
A string of papers by Tom Schoener, Dave Spiller, and Jonathan Losos belonged to this last category. There was a new one each year, with titles like “Predator-induced behaviour shifts and natural selection in field-experimental lizard populations” (2004) and “Island biogeography of populations: an introduced species transforms survival patterns” (2005). These studies used tiny cays in the Bahamas as arenas for a simple yet powerful experiment. On some islands, the investigators had introduced top predators — curly-tailed lizards (Leiocephalus carinatus), which occurred naturally on larger islands just a few stone-throws away from the experimental islands. A major aim of this work was to understand how the introduced predators affected populations of brown anoles (Anolis sagrei), which were native to the experimental islands.
The results were dramatic. Curly-tailed lizards are stocky, ground-dwelling animals, and they devastated brown-anole populations. The brown anoles that survived did so by climbing into the vegetation, beyond the reach of the curly-tails, and this behavioral shift was associated with natural selection on hindlimb length — an evolutionary consequence of predator-avoidance behavior. When I was a kid, we used to play a game called ‘the floor is lava’; if your feet touched the ground, you were dead. It seemed kind
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for you to follow. Use of over-the-counter medications for these disorders is ill-advised and dangerous.
GENERAL STRATEGIES for IPA Gameplan success
Don't irritate your linings by nose blowing, eye rubbing, throat clearing, or coughing. Use supportive care including NSAIDS, topical saline, nasal decongestants such as NeoSynephrine or Afrin, oral decongestants such as Sudafed, and expectorant cough suppressants such as Delsym and MucinexDM to keep these surfaces clean and clear.
Remember that effective prevention before the symptoms begin is far better than therapeutic aid after the fact. Begin with avoidance strategies and oral antihistamines early. Start at least 2 weeks before you expect pollen counts to rise. That would be early April for spring allergies and early August for fall allergies. Be sure to follow pollen counts online at weather.com and similar sites to know when you will likely need more preventive and therapeutic horsepower.
Be prepared by stocking your medications before the season begins. Don't forget to bring them when you travel.
Do it yourself allergy management is effective if you follow the IPA Gameplan. Aggressively identify allergens and their whereabouts, prevent confrontations with the allergens, and be prepared to aid yourself and your children with over-the-counter medications that can manage the symptoms should allergies occur.
If you have serious airway and eye allergies or allergies that never seem to take an intermission, see an allergist. In this situation, professional testing will pinpoint those triggers that bring on your reactions. This information will permit your doctors to formulate a comprehensive treatment plan using both over-the-counter and prescription medications.
The most important caveat is don’t suffer. Help yourself using the IPA Program, and, if necessary, see an allergist for more “industrial strength” help.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گوشت مرغ هم گران خواهد شد
محمد علی دلاور نماینده مردم درگز و عضو کمیسیون کشاورزی مجلس شورای اسلامی در واکنش به ادعای یک مسئول دولتی در استان سیستان و بلوچستان که علت گرانی تخم مرغ را آغاز سال تحصیلی و مصرف بیش از حد این کالا توسط دانشجویان دانسته بود، گفت: من این استدلال را اصلا قبول ندارم و معتقدم مهمترین دلیل گرانی تخم مرغ، درست اجرا نشدن طرح هدفمند سازی یارانه ها بوده است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>中文 | CHI：
《艺术 | 自然的近与远》
Covered by climbing plants and surrounded by a garden of eucalyptus, palms, olive trees and cypresses, this old cement factory on the outskirts of Barcelona looks like an abandoned industrial complex reclaimed by nature. In reality, it’s a bustling work/living space designed by Spanish architect Ricardo Bofill.
1973年，Bofill寻觅到了这座“一战”遗留下来的水泥厂，并为此深深着迷。他带领他的团队买下了整座综合体，其中包括30个贮仓、地下坑道以及几间宽敞的机房，将其作为Taller de Arquitectura的总办事处。两年时间内，拆除了各种破旧不堪的建筑，再重新改造那些物有所值的建筑群。当尘埃落地的时候，一切基本已经就绪，还剩8个贮仓有待改造，剩下均已完美转型，有着几间办公室、一间建模实验室、一个图书馆、一个放映室、一座硕大无比的“The Cathedral”展览厅，还有一间Bofill休憩的起居室。
Bofill discovered the closed down World War I cement factory in 1973, and was immediately drawn to it. He and his team bought the entire complex consisting of over 30 silos, subterranean galleries, and huge machine rooms and convert it into the head of the office of Taller de Arquitectura. They spent two years demolishing dilapidated structures and remodeling those worth converting. When the dust settled, only eight silos remained, which became offices, a models laboratory, archives, a library, a projections room, a gigantic exhibition space known as “The Cathedral” and a residential space for Bofill.
Once a polluting industrial complex, “La Fabrica” (The Factory), as Bofill’s compound is now known, now coexists in harmony with nature. The giant concrete silos and buildings, the old smokestacks rising up into the sky are all covered with grass and climbing plants, and surrounding them is a lush garden of eucalyptus, palms, olive trees, and cypresses. It’s a stunning site, but the interior is even more impressive.
Even though Ricardo Bofill chose to keep the original concrete walls and the brutal lines of the buildings to preserve the “memory of the structure’s former use”, each of the dozens of rooms is uniquely decorated, so that none of them look remotely alike. They all have their specific purpose, and are furnished accordingly; some even have remnants of their old function – like metal cement machines – blending with modern office elements.
“I have the impression of living in a precinct, in a closed universe which protects me from the outside and everyday life,” Bofill says about living and working in La Fabrica. “The Cement Factory is a place of work par excellence. Life goes on here in a continuous sequence, with very little difference between work and leisure.”
“Presently I live and work here better than anywhere else,“ the Spanish architect adds. “It is for me the only place where I can concentrate and associate ideas in the most abstract manner.”
Ricardo Bofill在La Fabrica工作了近半个世纪，但他仍觉得该项目还未完工，这反而令我们更翅目以待。
Having worked on La Fabrica for nearly half a century, Ricardo Bofil still considers it a work in progress, which just makes it more fascinating.
Edited & Translated by BubbleSwan
Click here to read more: Nature Among Us<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گزارش کامل مراسم افتتاحیه المپیک لندن
به گزارش ایسنا ، از ساعت ۲۰:۱۲ دقیقه به وقت لندن پیش نمایش بازی های المپیک ۲۰۱۲ اجرا شد و راس ساعت ۹ شب ، با به صدا در آمدن زنگ بزرگ در ضلع غربی ورزشگاه، المپیک لندن رسما افتتاح شد.
۸۰ هزار نفر در ورزشگاه المپیک لندن در استرافورد به تماشای افتتاحیه نشسته اند. حدود ۲۹ میلیون پوند خرج مراسم افتتاحیه شده است. بلیط های مراسم افتتاحیه به طور رسمی به دو قیمت ۲۰۱۲ پوند و ۱۶۰۰ پوند به فروش رفتند. گفته می شود پشت در ورزشگاه این بلیط ها در بازار سیاه تا ۵ هزار پوند هم خرید و فروش شده اند.
“دنی بویل” کارگردان معروف انگلیسی که سازنده فیلم میلیونر زاغه نشین است، مراسم افتتاحیه را کارگردانی کرده است.
۱۰ هزار و ۵۰۰ ورزشکار از ۲۰۴ کشور در بازی های المپیک شرکت کرده اند.
قبل از شروع مسابقه هلی کوپترهای نظامی در اطراف ورزشگاه به چرخ زنی مشغول بودند تا تدابیر شدید امنیتی به وضوع دیده شود.
گزارش مراسم
نمایش ابتدای مراسم رودخانه معروف “تیمز” را از سرچشمه این رودخانه تا ورزشگاه المپیک را به تصویر کشید که در مسیر این رودخانه وقایع مختلفی به تصویر کشیده می شوند.
در مسیر این رودخانه با شخصیت ها و داستانهای معروف انگلیسی مواجه شدیم. “رتی” و مول” چهره های داستانی کتاب های کودک انگلیس، قایق آهنگین “اتون” و برخی المپیکی های قدیمی انگلیس نظیر جون کارول، مارگارت ویلدینگ، مایکل هاوارد، جان راسل در این تصویرها دوباره در ذهن ها نقش بستند.
مسابقه قایق های کمبریج و آکسفورد، چرخ و فلک معروف “چشم لندن” که دومین چرخ و فلک بزرگ جهان است هم در ادامه نمایش داده شدند.
دهکده سبز
میدان ورزشگاه را یک دهکده سبز فرا گرفته است. داستانهای سنتی نقش می بندند. کشاورزها به شخم زنی مشغول می شوند، ورزشها در دهکده بازی می شوند و خانواده ها از پیک نیک لذت می برند. فوتبال با توپ های چرمی و بدمینتون و کریکت روی کره سبز بازی می شوند. انگلیسی ها به نوعی قصد دارند ریشه این بازی ها را به انگلیسی بودن ربط دهند.
زنگ المپیک به صدا در آمد
و سرانجام…
۱۰- ۹- ۸ … شمارش معکوس شروع می شود. پنج حلقه المپیک با چهار بالن به هوا می روند و با صدای زنگ بزرگ ورزشگاه، زنگ المپیک به صدا در می آید.
چهار ملیت و نمایشنامه شکسپیر
چهار ملیت که سرزمین بریتانیا را تشکیل داده اند در استادیوم المپیک ظاهر می شوند و موسیقی های سنتی شان نواخته می شوند.
در ادامه بخشی از نمایشنامه شکسپیر با نام “Tempest” به میان می آید و با انقلاب صنعتی در قرن ۱۹ و در بریتانیا همراه می شود.
یادبود مردمان
اشاره به دو جنگ جهانی و یادبودهایی از مردم سراسر جهان ادامه بخش مراسم افتتاحیه می شود. تغییرات فرهنگی دهه ۶۰ هم تماشاگران ورزشگاه را به گذشته می برد.
پیام بان کی مون دبیر کل سازمان ملل
پیامی به صورت تصویری از بان کی مون دبیر کل سازمان ملل پخش می شود که ملت ها را دعوت به صلح و دوری از جنگ می کند.
الیزابت دوم در ورزشگاه
با نمایش فیلمی که الیزابت دوم ملکه انگلستان و بازیگر نقش ۰۰۷ در آن دیده می شوند، ملکه انگلیس با هلی کوپتر به زمین فرود می آید که در هنگام پخش این فیلم، الیزابت دوم به همراه ژاک روگ وارد ورزشگاه می شوند.
موسسه “خدمات سلامتی ملی ” که پس از جنگ جهانی دوم در بریتانیا تشکیل شده با ورود تخت های زیاد بیمارستان و نمایش هارمونیک حرکات که اشاره به درمان بیماران دارد، در ورزشگاه نقش می بندند. مبارزه پرستارها با سمبل های بیماری به رخدادهای پس از جنگ جهانی دوم اشاره می کنند.
همچنین “جی کی رولینگ” که نویسنده هری پاتر است، به همراه برخی شخصیت های کارتونی در بخش بعدی برنامه نقش آفرینی می کنند.
مستر بین نوازنده شد!
شخصیت برتر کمدی جهان یعنی “روان آتکینسون” یا همان ” مستر بین” یک سورپرایز برای تماشاگران افتتاحیه المپیک سی ام است. در این قسمت از برنامه، مستر بین به اجرای موسیقی با پیانو می پردازد که در آخر آن مشخص می شود که فرد دیگری نوازنده اصلی است و مستر بین فقط تقلید حرکات او را کرده است. در آخر مستر بین با مینی ماینر خود ورزشگاه را ترک می کند.
بکام، پشت قایق موتوری
دیوید بکام که پرچمداری کشورش را نپذیرفته بود، در مراسم افتتاحیه نقش کوتاهی داشت و فیلمی از او پخش شد که راننده قایق موتوری بود.
مراسم رژه کشورها و پرچمداری مظاهری
در حالی که محمد عباسی وزیر ورزش و جوانان و محمد علی آبادی رئیس کمیته ملی المپیک از جایگاه ویژه مراسم افتتاحیه را تماشا می کردند، کاروان ورزشی ایران به پرچمداری علی مظاهری ملی پوش بوکس رژه رفت.
تشویق یوسین بولت
زمانی که کاروان جامائیکا به پرچمداری یوسین بولت رکورددار دوهای سرعت جهان وارد ورزشگاه شد، با تشویق بی امان تماشاگران روبرو شد.
پس از رژه کشورها و مراسم آتش بازی، سباستین کو رئیس کمیته برگزاری بازی های المپیک به سخنرانی پرداخت و اعلام کرد که برگزاری المپیک و حرکت در راستای جنبش المپیک بزرگترین افتخاری بوده که نصیبش شده است.
ژاک روگ رئیس کمیته بین المللی المپیک دیگر سخنران این مراسم بود.
پس تز آن سوگند ورزشکاران توسط تکواندوکار زن انگلیسی، سوگند مربیان توسط مربی کانو و سوگند داوران توسط داور بوکس کشور میزبان قرائت شد.
در نهایت نیز با روشن شدن مشعل بازی ها، و آتش بازی، المپیک ۲۰۱۲ لندن رسما وارد اولین روز رقابتهای خود شد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>If you are interested in assembling furniture for your children on your own, there are five major steps you will need to follow in order to have the greatest amount of success.
Step 1: Sort Out Your Materials
Most of your materials should be included with your flat pack furniture. The furniture should come with an instruction manual that will contain a list of all of the materials. These materials may be coded for later use. Identify all of the included pieces and sort them by putting the same pieces together and determining the special code that is associated with them.
In addition, if you need any extra tools, be certain you have them gathered before you get started. Included tools are often smaller than normal, more difficult to work with, and are meant to be throw-away tools. You may wan to invest in a set of tools to help you complete the assembly faster. You can choose from hand tools or power tools. A good power tool set will have various size bits for a screwdriver, drill bits, sockets, and allen wrenches. If you don’t already have a complete power tool set, you may prefer to hire a professional over buying new tools.
Step 2: Read Through the Directions
Before you begin the assembly process, read through the directions one time to make certain you understand them. Some of the instructions will become clearer as you get to that step in the process, but having a good idea of what is coming with the instructions will help you in the process.
This is also a good time to pull out each piece and lay them out so you can find everything. Pieces are usually marked with a letter or number so make sure you can see the markings. Sort like items together. Hardware like screws, nuts, bolts, and nails should all be kept together. If you lose a few hardware pieces, you may not be able to complete the project.
Step 3: Follow the Directions
Resist the temptation to jump right into the project or to skip steps. The directions were written in the order provided for a reason. Follow that order to make sure you do not accidentally miss a step along the way.
Step 4: Don’t Do Anything Permanent Right Away
When it comes to tightening bolts or other hardware, it is generally best to loosely put them in place until you are certain you have assembled the furniture correctly. This way, it will be easier to undo if you find that you have made a mistake. Once you are certain everything is in place, you can tighten the bolts and other hardware in place.
Step 5: Check it Over
Before you let your children use the furniture, be certain to check it over for safety and security. After all, you don’t want your child to get harmed by the furniture because you did something incorrectly. Make sure nothing is sticking out that could harm your child and check the furniture for stability to be certain it will be able to properly support your child.
By following these five simple steps, you will find the process of assembling your child’s furniture to be less frustrating and, you will be a hero with your child when the furniture is complete!
DaVinci Furniture is a wonderful brand that is made particularly well and will last a really long time. The Million Dollar Baby Company has been in business for twenty years. Through the twenty years this company has concentrated on producing outstanding furniture that adheres to safety measures. This company takes great pride in offering the community excellent products at reasonable prices. They are the top of the line in following safety regulations and put their furniture through strenuous assessments before they put them on the market.
This company goes above and beyond the safety regulations, making sure that CPSCs federal safety standards are met and that their furniture gets JPMA certified. The DaVinci Furniture even passes the Canadian and Japanese safety requirements which are particularly stringent. Safety is a number one priority for the Million Dollar Baby Company when it comes to their DaVinci Furniture. They are dedicated to making sure that their furnishings pass and exceed the safety standards that are in the marketplace. Always aspiring to produce the top level of products they outshine a variety of other manufacturers.
The finish on the DaVinci Furniture is ultra-safe. It has a ppm of 2 which is very great. It is great to know that the DaVinci Furniture also has extremely safe teething rails.
Remaining ahead of the industry standards is very important at the Million Dollar Baby Company. The DaVinci Furniture passes really tough testing before it is put on the market and they do not settle for second best. It is always of the best quality.
The Million Dollar BAby Company is very obsessive about checking for safety. They have a quality control team that is the tops. They check everything over and over again and then when the products arrive in the United States another crew checks the items by hand again. This process guarantees that every component is exactly up to par.
Another great aspect of the DaVinci Furniture is that the hardware is hidden. You will not have to be anxious about a child’s teeth getting into trouble on a piece of the hardware or baby’s gentle skin getting scratched. The hardware is hidden, so that babies can’t get hurt. This is another positive point for the DaVinci Furniture.
Million Dollar Baby Company is number 29 on the list of quickest growing companies in Los Angeles in the year 2009. Because it takes much pride in its quality it continues to grow. As it continues to perform business the Million Dollar Baby Company will stick to the highest quality and is dedicated to safety at all costs. Their process guarantees that a great product can be available for the community. Parents will just love all the unique items that the Million Dollar Baby Company offers.
Anyone who has a minimal interest in antique furniture will know that there are many types of furniture to choose from. If you are seriously considering investing in antiques as a source of profit then you really should do your research. A specific kind of antique that you should look into is antique Paine furniture.
Antique Paine furniture was made by the Paine company and has a number of unique characteristics that make it a beautiful addition to any home. It was made in Boston in the late 1800s and is highly sought after today.
Antique Paine furniture is more valuable than a lot of other antique furniture types purely because it is in demand. Paine himself was a master craftsman and
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اجی دوست داشت می گذاشت روی سرش و می رفت روی دیوار و قوقولی قوقول می کرد.
مارمولک شکمو
یک مارمولک بود که دلش می خواست بزرگ شود. تمساح شود. شروع کرد به خوردن. هر چی می دید، می خورد. پشه خورد. سوسک خورد. پروانه خورد. کمی بزرگ تر شد. بعد قورباغه و مار و خرچنگ خورد. باز هم بزرگ تر شد. بعد گاومیش و فیل و زرافه خورد. بزرگ تر و بزرگ تر شد. اندازه ی یک دایناسور! حالا دیگر با هیچ چیزی سیر نمی شد. همه ی درخت های جنگل را خورد. گله گله بُز و گوسفند را قورت داد. بعد رفت آب دریا را با یک قُلوپ هورت کشید. ماهی ها را هم خورد. باز هم سیر نشد. همه ی زمین را مثل یک کوفته تبریزی بلعید. پشت سرش هم ستاره ها را مثل ذرت بوداده، انداخت بالا. بعد هم گرفت خوابید. وقتی از خواب بیدار شد، فهمید همه را خواب دیده و هنوز یک مارمولک کوچولو ست.
ما را دنبال کنید:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Güzel renk olsa da ..
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Corsair. her şey sessizdi Corsair.
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Onları PlayerUnknown Battlegrounds etrafında PlayerUnknown isteyen herkes, aşağıdaki şeylerden herhangi birini öpmek için daha iyi hazırlanabilirdi: büyük bir ağaç, zemin, bir duvar veya kendi kanlarının bir su birikintisi. Neyse ki, birileri en kötü Battlegrounds Meydanlarım'ı anları aştı ve son zamanlarda çekilen bir videoda rutin bir şekilde havaya uçurmak beni oldukça becerikli...View more »
Burada io9'da, Steven Universe çok lanet olası olduğunu açıkça belirledik. Ama Crystal Gem'in her şeyinin bir hayranı iseniz, şovu temel alan ürün bulmak şaşırtıcı bir şekilde zordu - ama şükür ki, bu durum daha uzun sürmeyecek.
Animasyon Dergisi , Cartoon Network'ün şovlara dayalı oyuncak ve ürünler yaratmak için çeşitli lisans verenlerle birlikte çalıştığını ve henüz ne yazık ki hiçbir...View more »
Yeni bir araba zamanı. Ne yazık ki Skoda, bir yıldan az bir süredir tanıyordum. Ve bu kötü bir şey değildir, harika bir empeğe sahip olursunuz ve çok fazla bagaj alanınız var ve önyükleme yapmak için biraz hızınız var, ancak daha sonraki emisyon regülatörünüz yüzünden güçsüzleştiniz ve hiçbir ruhunuz yok.
Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice , zihni büken sinematik ve üst düzey ses oyunculuğu için Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice , ancak özellikle de oyunun potansiyelinin zirvesinde faaliyet gösteren bir dövüşü hatırlamaya değer.
Ninja Theory'nin üçüncü şahıs aksiyon oyunu sinir bozucu olabilir. Çalışan bazı anlarda ama çevremizin bir parçasına takıldığım, ezoterik bir bulmacanın eline geçtiği, ya da...View more »<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>This reading is about the true history of Cinco de Mayo, a celebration that commemorates the battle of Puebla of 1862. It includes a paragraph about the back story that led up to this famous event as well as a paragraph about how it is celebrated today both in Mexico and abroad. It also has a full glossary of new vocabulary and 4 reading comprehension questions in Spanish.
You may also enjoy my Spanish Reading Bundle: Culture
featuring my 10 best selling cultural readings!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>میوه یک میان وعده آماده طبیعی است که حاوی ویتامینها، فیبر و سایر مواد مغذی است که از یک رژیم غذایی سالم حمایت میکند.
همچنین میوه ها به طور کلی کالری کم و فیبر بالایی دارد که ممکن است به کاهش وزن کمک کند. در واقع، خوردن میوه با کاهش وزن بدن و کاهش خطر ابتلا به دیابت، فشار خون بالا، سرطان و بیماری قلبی مرتبط است. در اینجا ۱۰ مورد از بهترین میوههایی که برای کاهش وزن مصرف میشود، آورده شده است.
گریپ فروت ترکیبی از پوملو و پرتقال است و معمولاً با رژیم غذایی و کاهش وزن همراه است. نیمی از گریپ فروت حاوی فقط ۳۹کالری است اما ۶۵درصد از نیاز روزانه مرجع (RDI) ویتامین C را فراهم میکند. انواع قرمز نیز ۲۸ درصد از RDI را برای ویتامین A فراهم میکند. علاوه بر این، گریپ فروت دارای شاخص گلیسمی (GI) پایینی است، به این معنی که قند را کندتر وارد جریان خون شما میکند. یک رژیم غذایی با GI پایین ممکن است به کاهش وزن و حفظ وزن کمک کند، اگرچه شواهد محدود است.
در یک مطالعه بر روی ۸۵ فرد چاق، خوردن گریپ فروت یا نوشیدن آب گریپ فروت قبل از غذا به مدت ۱۲ هفته منجر به کاهش کالری دریافتی، کاهش ۷.۱ درصدی وزن بدن و بهبود سطح کلسترول شد . علاوه بر این، یک بررسی اخیر نشان داد که مصرف گریپ فروت باعث کاهش چربی بدن، دور کمر و فشار خون در مقایسه با گروههای کنترل میشود . در حالی که گریپ فروت را میتوان به تنهایی خورد، همچنین یک افزودنی عالی به سالاد و سایر غذاها است. گریپ فروت دارای کالری و سرشار از ویتامینهای A و C است. ممکن است قبل از غذای اصلی یک میان وعده سالم باشد.
سیب کم کالری و فیبر بالایی دارد، با ۱۱۶ کالری و ۵.۴ گرم فیبر در هر میوه بزرگ (۲۲۳ گرم). آنها همچنین به کاهش وزن کمک میکنند. در یک مطالعه، به زنان به مدت ۱۰ هفته، روزانه سه عدد سیب، سه گلابی یا سه کلوچه جو دوسر - با ارزش کالری یکسان - داده شد. گروه سیب ۲ پوند (۰.۹۱ کیلوگرم) و گروه گلابی ۱.۶ پوند (۰.۸۴ کیلوگرم) از دست دادند، در حالی که وزن گروه جو دوسر تغییر نکرد .
علاوه بر این، یک مطالعه مشاهدهای روی ۱۲۴۰۸۶ نفر نشان داد که افرادی که سیب میخورند بهطور متوسط ۱.۲۴ پوند (۰.۵۶ کیلوگرم) در هر وعده غذایی در یک دوره چهار ساله از دست دادهاند. از آنجایی که میوه های کم کالری مانند سیب سیر کننده تر هستند، ممکن است در طول روز کمتر از سایر غذاها استفاده کنید. قابل توجه است که یک سیب تقریباً سه برابر شکلات پرکننده است . تحقیقات نشان میدهد که سیب برای کاهش گرسنگی و کنترل اشتها بهتر است به صورت کامل – به جای آب گرفته – مصرف شود .
گفته میشود، دو مطالعه آب سیب را با کاهش چربی بدن در مقایسه با نوشیدنی شاهد با همان تعداد کالری مرتبط می دانند. عصاره پلی فنول سیب - ساخته شده از یکی از ترکیبات طبیعی میوه - همچنین با کاهش سطح کلسترول مرتبط است . سیب را میتوان به روش های مختلفی هم به صورت پخته و هم خام میل کرد. سعی کنید آن ها را به غلات سرد و گرم، ماست، خورش ها و سالاد اضافه کنید یا آنها را به تنهایی بپزید.
توتها نیروگاه مواد مغذی کم کالری هستند. به عنوان مثال، ۱/۲ فنجان (۷۴ گرم) زغال اخته حاوی تنها ۴۲ کالری است، اما ۱۲درصد از RDI برای ویتامین C و منگنز، و همچنین ۱۸درصد برای ویتامین کا را فراهم میکند. یک فنجان (۱۵۲ گرم) توت فرنگی حاوی کمتر از ۵۰ کالری است و ۳ گرم فیبر رژیمی و همچنین ۱۵۰درصد RDI برای ویتامین C و تقریبا ۳۰٪ برای منگنز را فراهم میکند.
همچنین نشان داده شده است که توتها سیر کننده هستند. یک مطالعه کوچک نشان داد که افرادی که یک میان وعده توت ۶۵ کالری دریافت کردند، در وعده غذایی بعدی نسبت به افرادی که آب نبات با همان کالری دریافت کردند، غذای کمتری خوردند . علاوه بر این، خوردن توت ها ممکن است به کاهش سطح کلسترول، کاهش فشار خون و کاهش التهاب کمک کند، که ممکن است به ویژه برای افرادی که اضافه وزن دارند مفید باشد .
هر دو توت تازه یا یخ زده را میتوان برای صبحانه به غلات یا ماست اضافه کرد، در یک اسموتی سالم مخلوط کرد، با محصولات پخته شده مخلوط کرد یا در سالاد ریخت.
میوههای هستهدار که به آن دروپه نیز گفته میشود، گروهی از میوههای فصلی هستند که بیرونی گوشتی دارند و داخل آن هستهای یا هستهای است. آنها شامل هلو، شلیل، آلو، گیلاس و زردآلو هستند.
میوه های هسته دار دارای GI پایین، کم کالری و غنی از مواد مغذی مانند ویتامین C و A هستند که آنها را برای افرادی که سعی در کاهش وزن دارند عالی میکند.
به عنوان مثال، یک هلو متوسط (۱۵۰ گرم) حاوی ۵۸ کالری است، در حالی که ۱ فنجان (۱۳۰ گرم) گیلاس ۸۷ کالری و دو آلو کوچک (۱۲۰ گرم) یا چهار زردآلو (۱۴۰ گرم) فقط ۶۰ کالری دارد .
در مقایسه با میان وعدههای ناسالم مانند چیپس یا کلوچه، میوههای هستهدار گزینهای سرشار از مواد مغذی و سیرکننده هستند.
میوه های هسته دار را میتوان به صورت تازه، خرد شده در سالاد میوه، مخلوط کردن در یک فرنی مقوی، یا حتی کبابی یا اضافه کردن به غذاهای خوش طعم مانند خورش مصرف کرد.
ریواس در واقع یک سبزی است، اما در اروپا و آمریکای شمالی اغلب مانند میوه تهیه میشود . در حالی که در هر ساقه فقط ۱۱ کالری دارد، هنوز تقریباً ۱ گرم فیبر و تقریباً ۲۰ درصد RDI برای ویتامین K دارد. علاوه بر این، فیبر ریواس ممکن است به کاهش کلسترول بالا کمک کند، که یک مشکل رایج برای افرادی است که با وزن خود دست و پنجه نرم میکنند.
در مطالعهای بر روی ۸۳ فرد مبتلا به تصلب شرایین - بیماری شریانها - افرادی که ۲۳ میلیگرم عصاره ریواس خشک به ازای هر پوند وزن بدن (۵۰ میلیگرم به ازای هر کیلوگرم) به مدت شش ماه دریافت کردند، کاهش قابلتوجهی در کلسترول و بهبود عملکرد رگهای خونی را تجربه کردند .
ساقه های ریواس را میتوانید در خورش استفاده کنید و با فرنی یا غلات مورد علاقه خود سرو کنید. اگرچه میتوان از آن به روشهای مختلفی استفاده کرد، از جمله در دسرها، اما بهتر است هنگام تلاش برای کاهش وزن، از غذاهای کمشکر ریواس استفاده کنید.
کیوی میوه های کوچک و قهوه ای رنگ با گوشت سبز یا زرد روشن و دانه های سیاه ریز هستند. کیوی بسیار غنی از مواد مغذی، منبع عالی ویتامین C، ویتامین E، فولات و فیبر است و فواید سلامتی قابل توجهی دارد . در یک مطالعه، ۴۱ فرد مبتلا به پیش دیابت به مدت ۱۲ هفته روزانه دو عدد کیوی طلایی مصرف کردند. آنها سطوح بالاتر ویتامین C، کاهش فشار خون و کاهش ۱.۲ اینچی (۳.۱ سانتی متری) دور کمر را تجربه کردند . مطالعات اضافی اشاره میکند که کیوی میتواند به کنترل قند خون، بهبود کلسترول و حمایت از سلامت روده کمک کند. کیوی ها GI پایینی دارند، بنابراین در حالی که حاوی قند هستند، آهسته تر آزاد میشوند - در نتیجه قند خون کاهش می یابد .علاوه بر این، کیوی سرشار از فیبر غذایی است. یک میوه کوچک پوست کنده (۶۹ گرم) بیش از ۲ گرم فیبر دارد، در حالی که پوست به تنهایی ۱ گرم فیبر اضافی را فراهم میکند.
رژیم های غذایی سرشار از فیبر از میوه ها و سبزیجات به کاهش وزن، افزایش سیری و بهبود سلامت روده کمک میکند. کیوی وقتی خام، پوست کنده یا بدون پوست خورده شود، نرم، شیرین و خوشمزه است. همچنین میتوان آن را آب میوه گرفت، در سالاد استفاده کرد، به غلات صبحگاهی خود اضافه کرد یا در محصولات پخته شده استفاده کرد.
خربزه ها کالری کمی دارد و محتوای آب بالایی دارد که باعث کاهش وزن آنها میشود. فقط ۱ فنجان (۱۵۰ تا ۱۶۰ گرم) خربزه، مانند عسلک یا هندوانه، ۴۶ تا ۶۱ کالری را تامین میکند . اگرچه خربزه کم کالری است، اما
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لی به این سوال پاسخ بدهیم، باید بگوییم هر دو. در واقع بستگی دارد که در چه معنایی به کار رفته باشد. به توضیحات زیر دقت کنید.
مواجه در عربی اسم فاعل است و در فارسی هم به عنوان اسم و صفت به کار برده میشود. مترادف کلمه مواجه در فارسی، کلمات روبرو، دچار، رو در رو و رویارو هستند و در کنار افعال اسنادی بودن و شدن به کار میروند.
او در مسیر سنگنوردی با خطر بزرگی مواجه شد.
کار تحقیق با مشکلاتی مواجه شد.
من با مشکل تازهای مواجهم.
افکار غیرارادی اولین افکاری هستند که وقتی با تجربه یا مشکلی مواجه میشوید، به ذهن شما میرسند. آنها در واکنش به باورهای اصلی شما شکل میگیرند.عزت نفس به زبان ساده، رني اسميت - ويويان هارت
نکته: حرف اضافه مناسب برای عبارت «مواجه شدن» و «مواجه کردن»، با است.
و اما کلمه مواجهه در عربی مصدر است و در فارسی نیز به همین معنی مصدری، به معنای روبروی هم قرار گرفتن دو کس یا دو چیز، تقابل و مقابله به کار میرود.
از سوی دیگر، اگر کمبود عزتنفس داشته باشید، آنگاه از مواجهه با دیگران میترسید.عزت نفس به زبان ساده، رني اسميت - ويويان هارت
مواجههای میان من و متهم این پرونده شکل گرفت که احتمالا روند صدور حکم را دچار مشکل کند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>"Profumo di capelli bruciati". Sold out l'ultima trovata di Elon Musk13 Ottobre 2022 - 21:53
Il miliardario ha lanciato una singolare fragranza venduta a 100 euro a flacone e in soli due giorni Musk avrebbe guadagnato 2 milioni di dollari, così ha scherzato sull'acquisto di Twitter
L'ultima idea di Elon Musk gli ha fruttato due milioni di euro in due giorni e le macchine di lusso e i bitcoin non c'entrano. L'eclettico imprenditore ha lanciato sul mercato il profumo "Burnt Hair", una singolare essenza ai capelli bruciati, che lui stesso ha definito "la più buona fragranza sulla Terra". Ogni flacone costa 100 euro e a giudicare dalle vendite nelle prime 48 ore dal lancio (20 mila pezzi) la nuova attività sembra essere decisamente redditizia.
"Diecimila flaconi di Burnt Hair venduti. Non vedo l'ora di vedere i resoconti dei media sul milione di dollari di Burnt Hair venduti", ha twittato martedì sera Elon Musk, esultando per il milione incassato in un solo giorno. E il giorno successivo le vendite sono rimaste altissime. "20.000!!", ha scritto ancora su Twitter modificando la sua personale biografia social, definendosi un venditore di profumi e linkando il sito - la sua startup The Boring Company - sul quale acquistare il suo profumo.
"Proprio come appoggiarsi a una candela a tavola, ma senza tutto il duro lavoro" si legge nella pagina di acquisto della boccetta rossa. E ancora: "Distinguiti in mezzo alla folla! Fatti notare mentre cammini per l'aeroporto". Slogan pubblicitari singolari ma sicuramente d'effetto, che sembrano avere fatto centro visto che Musk ha dichiarato di avere incassato due milioni di dollari dalla vendita di "Burnt Hair" e poi ha scherzato: "Con un nome come il mio (muschio in italiano, ndr), entrare nel business delle fragranze era inevitabile, perché l'ho combattuto per così tanto tempo!?".
Il patron di Tesla ha poi ironizzato sul braccio di ferro con i vertici di Twitter sull'acquisto della piattaforma. "Grazie per aver acquistato il mio profumo, così posso comprare Twitter", ha cinguettato poche ore fa, tornando a puntare l'attenzione sull'accordo - che dovrebbe essere raggiunto a breve - per l'acquisto del social network a 44 miliardi di dollari. Elon Musk si era detto interessato a diventare il proprietario di Twitter lo scorso aprile, avanzando un'offerta di acquisto che gli amministratori della piattaforma avevano accettato. A luglio, però, l'imprenditore aveva fatto un passo indietro e l'accordo sembrava essere saltato. Twitter aveva presentato un ricorso e Musk la scorsa settimana ha assicurato che la transazione si farà.
Please buy my perfume, so I can buy Twitter— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) October 12, 2022
Can’t wait for media stories tomorrow about $1M of Burnt Hair sold— Elon Musk (@elonmusk) October 12, 2022<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mental Health Benefits of Meditation
You can perform meditation anytime and anywhere, I think this is the biggest benefit of meditation. Various studies show that regular meditation has great effects on mental health. Such benefits begin from reduced stress to reduced symptoms of depression and other major chronic mental health issues. Similarly, we have so many countless meditations to try. All kind of meditation offer similar benefits to mental health. In this blog, I have enlisted some of the best mental health benefits of meditation. So, let’s get started.
Mental Health Benefits of Meditation
1. Improved Self-awareness and self-esteem
Mindfulness meditation benefits empower us to think deeply, work on self-reflection, slow down, and discover positive aspects of life and about ourselves. Meditation performed in any form increases self-awareness and self-esteem by alleviating the capability for examining one’s feelings and thoughts without any kind of negative judgment.
Meditation is really helpful for people with social anxiety disorder, ADHD, and OCPD. It has been proved in various studies that people with SAD really felt more confident after meditation regularly for a month.
2. Improved concentration and focus
One of the best benefits of meditation is that meditation improves focus and concentration which leads to growth and success. A study performed by Harvard Medical School worked on the effects of meditation on the brain. The study shows that there is a connection between the processing of new knowledge and mindfulness. Additionally, meditation improves learning, emotional regulation, and memory.
3. Less Stress
Reduced stress is the benefit of transcendental meditation which actually reduces the level of Cortisol (the hormone responsible for stress in the body) which in turn makes you feel more calm and relaxed. Repeating a mantra or a phrase while performing a mantra has calming effects. Mantra meditation basically wipes off the negative thoughts from the body. Meditation also established stability and stillness inside the body. It also helps in reducing burnout situations.
Read more about our Mantra Blog Series on Calm Sage:
4. Improved coping with depression and anxiety
Mindfulness meditation and another type of meditation trains our mind to live the present moment. It helps to come out from the rumination and negative thinking and replaces with positivity. Meditation can also reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety along with the plan prescribed by your mental health provider. Regular meditation improves sleeping patterns, mood, and loss of appetite.
5. Overcome any addiction
Meditation has the power to overcome any addiction that you are planning to leave from months or years. Meditation works as therapy when it comes to alcohol and substance use. One can easily cope and manage substance use.
6. Control chronic pain
Various studies show that meditation is proved to be really effective with chronic pain and mental illness. Meditation improves brain functioning and improves the link between body and brain. Meditation is proved to be effective in PTSD, ADHD, and other acute physical pain.
Read more from Calm Sage Meditation Blog Series
- Transcendental Meditation
- Meditation to Stop Procrastination
- Forest Bathing Meditation
- Creative Imagination Meditation
- Walking Meditation
- Water Meditation
- Loving Kindness Meditation
- Dynamic Meditation
I hope this blog inspires you to meditate every day since the benefits of meditation are proven to be really effective in everyday lives. Comment down and share your meditation experience with us. For more such content, follow Calm Sage on all social media platforms.
Thanks for reading and stay positive!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La fine di una riga fisica è rappresentato dal token NEWLINE. Le dichiarazioni non possono attraversare i limiti delle righe logiche ad eccezione di dove NEWLINE è ammesso dalla sintassi (per esempio tra istruzioni in ``compount statements''). Una riga logica è costituita da una o più righe fisiche seguendo le regole implicite o esplicite di unione tra righe.
Vedete Circa questo documento... per informazioni su modifiche e suggerimenti.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Quando è stata premiata come migliore attrice non protagonista per Boyhood, Patricia Arquette ha dedicato il suo premio alle donne statunitensi, facendo un appello per la parità dei salari: “Abbiamo combattuto per i diritti di tutti gli altri, è arrivato il nostro momento di avere la parità salariale una volta per tutte e uguali diritti per le donne negli Stati Uniti d’America”.
Il divario, tuttavia, non si limita agli Stati Uniti. Secondo la commissione europea, infatti, in Europa è del 16,4 per cento il divario medio delle retribuzioni tra uomini e donne, a parità di impiego.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) annual meetings in October were held with dark clouds on the horizon – both literally (it was a rainy week) and figuratively: 2019 is turning out to be a year of economic slowdowns.
More than half of the world’s economies are expected to decelerate this year. The World Bank has reduced its global growth projections to 2.5 per cent, due to weaker-than-expected trade and investment.
Europe will be no different – but the impacts will be more pronounced and systemic. A chronic decline for industrial production has led to a drop in manufacturing across the region. This is exacerbated by stalling international trade, part of a broader global picture this year.
The 2019 slowdown hits Europe’s emerging countries hardest. The World Bank now forecasts growth in Central Europe and the Baltic States (Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania) to drop to four per cent in 2019, far lower than the 4.6 per cent seen in 2018 and five per cent in 2017.
If these trends worsen, there is a real danger that European Union’s “convergence machine” will stall again. World Bank researchers, in the new report Including Institutions, find that recent convergence between EU countries can be divided into three distinct periods – rapid convergence from 2000 to 2008, a profound stalling of convergence from 2009 to 2015, and then a restart from 2016.
But within Europe’s countries, the story has been one of almost uninterrupted divergence. European regions are pulling away further and further from one another. National growth is being driven by just a few regions, often around the capital and secondary cities, while poor regions languish: think of Bucharest versus North-East Romania, or of Bratislava versus East Slovakia. The implications of these uneven regional growth patterns are stark. Europeans in the growing regions have prospered, while those in lagging regions have seen their incomes stagnate.
The analysis also underlines a startling new finding for the EU. Incomes in most of the poorest households are the most sensitive to both economic expansions and contractions, while the middle class is often shielded from the worst impacts. The World Bank’s report talks about a “whale curve”. Think of a stylised whale, most of whose midsection is under water while its tail rises high above. Those at the tail-end of Europe’s income distribution see large swings up and down in their income as growth rises and falls, leaving them vulnerable and in a state of uncertainty.
In fact, over this century, the poorest among Europe’s population have been much more likely to see their incomes rise with economic growth than have the middle class. The recent period of recovery from the twin crises of the recent past has, therefore, benefited them. But the poorest are also less shielded from the consequences of contraction. During the recent years of recession, the incomes of the poorest families in northern, central and southern Europe fell by 25 per cent, twice that of the average household.
With a potential slowdown looming, how can convergence and prosperity – of both the middle class and the poor – persist? This will depend on three critical factors.
First, countries must secure strong overall growth, both at the country level and in lagging regions.
Second, the fruits of the growth must be shared among all citizens, through jobs and incomes. These are both obvious points.
Third, and most critically in this context, growth has not just to be strong and shared, but must also be resilient – so that even if there are shocks, incomes can rebound quickly. This did happen in very different parts of Europe during the last set of crises – not just in countries such as Austria, Germany or Sweden, but also in Poland. But there were other countries, many in southern Europe, where the rebound was much slower. Indeed, there were profound differences in the persistence of the twin crises’ shocks to unemployment; among EU countries, the time it took for the effects of the shock to be halved (the “half-life”) ranged from five months to more than five years.
Such resilience can be fostered. The report analyses recent economic data to underline a core idea that has been often discussed but less often well-measured. Each EU country must nurture and develop product market, labour market and social protection institutions – that support resilience of populations to future shocks. The stronger these institutions are, the quicker will be the ability of the country to rebound, and specifically to recover jobs and economic activity after the slowdown.
For resilient and inclusive growth in the European context, just three sets of real exchange rate institutions stand out: those institutions that govern the protection of low-income households, those that allow the private sector to adjust and to easily rebound, and those that affect the ability of the labour market to function smoothly. Binding these institutions together is trust – which facilitates government, firms and workers collaborating to navigate the crisis.
In times of slowdown, European countries need specific social protection institutions that protect the poor – including those that quickly absorb those who may be fine in times of prosperity but are at risk of falling into poverty when shocks hit. Unfortunately, such poverty-targeted programmes are not universal in the EU. In some countries, they have been absent. More commonly, as in south-eastern Europe, they have insufficient coverage of the poor or inadequate funding. Unless these systems are quickly reinforced and adequately funded, recent history indicates that slowdowns will entail deeper poverty increases and a longer time for people to recover their incomes.
Resilient growth also critically depends on institutions that affect the ability of private firms to react to and rebound from shocks. The most significant factor? The degree of competitiveness of product markets. In more competitive and less onerously regulated countries, firms can adjust market prices quickly to respond to new economic imperatives, and new firms can speedily enter and create incomes and jobs when recovery begins. The report shows that a 10-point improvement in a country’s quality of the business environment (measured by World Bank’s Ease-of-Doing-Business indicator) reduces the “half-life” of average output reduction by about a third. Making this improvement is not as large a challenge as it may seem – Poland, for instance, achieved exactly this between 2010 and 2014.
Sound labour market institutions emerge as vital for both the preservation and the rebound of jobs and incomes. The most resilient countries in the analysis combine a degree of flexibility with well-designed active labour market policies to return people to jobs. And, contrary to some economic orthodoxy, the analysis finds that good collective bargaining institutions that cover larger parts of the workforce support resilience – and decrease the duration of unemployment. But these good collective bargaining institutions also required a high level of trust to function well.
Trust, therefore, emerges as a key determining factor for building resilience and inclusive growth. The capacity of key stakeholders – the government, firms and workers – to arrive at cooperative “win-win-win” solutions makes building resilient policies and institutions much easier. In countries where such trust is weaker, resilience may be feeble even if there is good coverage of workers by collective bargaining. Weaker trust can prevent countries from setting up thoughtful, supple competition policy institutions. And an inability to negotiate with the presumption of fairness can bias social protection policies towards those that are more strident than those most in need.
As the countries of emerging Europe look towards weathering the economic slowdown, it is a good time to reinforce their “real exchange rate institutions” so that even if there is a larger shock, their populations do not suffer very much, or for very long. This will need investment in mending and molding competition policy, social support programmes and labour market institutions. And, as recent experience of successes and failures across Europe shows, this will need investment in repairing and renewing trust.
This can be done, the report shows. Trust levels in a society are not a historical given, and in fact interact and quickly change with the experience of resilience. Less resilience in Europe has undermined trust. More resilience will strengthen it.
This opinion editorial is exclusive to Emerging Europe.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Eldivenler bisiklet yolculuğunun önemli bir parçasıdır ve 4 yönlü streç, silikon şeritler ve avuç içi havalandırması ile bu eldivenler bisiklet konforunu ve kontrolünü iyileştirebilir.
- Elin arka tarafında nefes alabilen 4 yönlü streç örgü kumaş
- havalandırmalı avuç içi
- Daha iyi tutuş için avuç içinde silikon baskı
- Havlu kumaş burun silme
Eldiven ince, hafiftir ve mükemmel bir tutuş için avuç içi boyunca silikon baskıya ve tam oturma ayarına izin veren bir çekme tırnağına sahiptir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Your gallbladder -- a small, pear-shaped organ -- is responsible for storing bile for the liver. Bile is used to help break down fats. A gallbladder attack can occur as the result of a gallstone blocking the ducts that connect the gallbladder to your liver. This can cause intense pain. There are certain foods that trigger gallbladder attacks. If you have gallstones or gallbladder disease, you should avoid these foods.
Junk foods can trigger gallbladder attacks. The high amounts of fat found in most junk foods can be difficult for your body to break down. Junk foods to avoid include chips, cookies
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�款本金%的违约金，并承担贷款人 为实现债权支付的全部费用（包括仲裁费用、诉讼费用和律师费用 等）。 3、贷款人不能按照本合同的约定向借款人发放贷款的，视为严重违 约，应承担其他方所付出的直接费用，并向借款人另行支付全部贷 款本金%的违约金。 4、担保人因隐瞒担保物存在共有、争议、被查封、已担保或者已出 租等情况，而给贷款人造成损失的，应当向贷款人承担赔偿责任。 第十二条 争议解决方式:本合同在履行过程中发生的争议，由当事人 协商解决;协商不成的，按下述第 1 种方式解决： 1、提交淮北仲裁委员会仲裁; 2、依法向人民法院提起诉讼。 第十三条 生效、变更、解除、终止： 1、在签订本合同前，合同各方已完全理解并接受本合同的内容，在 本合同项下全部意思表示均真实有效。合同各方选择以下第种约定 为本合同的生效条件： (1)自各方当事人签字后生效; (2)经 公证处公证后生效。2.本合同项下借款本息和相关费用全部清 偿完毕后，本合同终止。 2、本合同如需要变更或解除，应由合同各方共同达成书面协议。 第十四条 本合同一式 份，合同各方各执一份。 借款人 (签字或盖章)： 担保人 (签字或盖章)： 贷款人 (签字或盖章)： 年月日
在日常的生活中我们知道，履约担保是工程发包人为防止承包人在合同执行过程中违反合同规定或违约，并弥补给发包人造成的经济损失。其中的形式包括了履约保证金。那么服务类的项目要交履约保证金吗，下面华律网的小编为大家整理了相关内容，来为大家解答。
据许诺介绍，从最早在华强北做对讲机分销渠道到转型研发自主知识产权对讲机，海能达对资金的需求大幅增加。然而，由于企业规模不大，并且当时抵押物资产价格波动大，银行并不愿意贷款。在这个节骨眼上，正是因为有了高新投提供融资担保，海能达才能成功从银行贷款，实现了产品和业务的转型升级。
一般来说，企业间资金拆借是无效的，因为违反了法律法规的强制性规定。那么，当遇到企业间资金拆借无效时怎么办？下面就和华律网小编一起来看看吧。
放贷银行向中级人民法院提出诉讼请求：解除原告与被告张某签订的《个人购房借款及担保合同》;判令被告张某偿还原告未到期的贷款本金3469万元，利息人民币128.79万元、复利人民币3.64万元(计算至本息还清之日止，暂计算至2018年6月11日)，合计约3601万元;请求判令被告张某给付原告按照合同约定的年利率5.39%所产生的利息及逾期罚息所产生的利息(含按贷款利率加收50%计收罚息、复利)，以上利息计算时间自2018年6月12日起至实际偿还日止;判令各被告对上述款项承担连带给付责任;判令原告对被告张某名下3处房产折价变卖、拍卖所得价款优先受偿。
（5）请财务顾问就要约价格明显低于公告前30个交易日均价的合理性进行充分补充说明。（嘉华控股全面要约收购万通地产）
依据我国刑事诉讼法的规定，刑事案件的嫌疑人符合取保候审条件的，可以通过交纳保证金的方式申请取保候审，取保期间要遵守相关的规定，那么刑事担保无效能不能退还本金的?下面由华律网小编为读者进行相关知识的解答。
请你公司说明所准备办理履约保证金的金额、该金额的合理合规性、资金安排仍在洽谈中的原因，并进一步论证你公司是否具备收购能力，如否，则是否存在信息安徽鸿旭要约收购汇源通信15.51%股权披露不准确等行为。（安徽鸿旭部分要约收购汇源通信股权）
案例21：韩晓银与中国农业银行股份有限公司北京通州支行等抵押合同纠纷案，北京市第三中级人民法院（2015）三中民（商）终字第07272号。
连带保证责任的债务人在主合同规定的债务履行期届满没有履行债务的，债权人可以要求债务人履行债务，也可以要求保证人在其保证范围内承担保证责任。
抵押权：是指债权人对于债务人或者第三人不转移占有而供担保的财产，于债务人不履行债务或发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形时，依法享有就该财产变价并优先受偿的权利。
、若两个以上的自然人、法人或者其他组织组成一个联合体，以一个投标人的身份共同参加公共资源交易活动的，将对所有联合体成员进行信用记录查询，联合体成员存在不良信用记录的，视同联合体存在不良信用记录；
4、出席会议股东请于2019年8月27日，2019年8月28日，每日上午9时至11时，下午2时至4时到公司证券投资部办理登记手续，异地股东可用信函或传真登记。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I mulini a taglienti vengono utilizzati in diverse aree della preparazione dl campione alle analisi successive. Tipiche applicazioni includono la riduzione di combustibili da rifiuto, la macinazione di campioni di biomasse per ricerche nell’ambito delle energie rinnovabili, il controllo dei prodotti nell’abito delle normative RoHS and WEEE, o nel recupero dei materiali preziosi – la varietà di campione è notevole.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>What are communication disorders?
Communication disorders can range from hearing impairment to stuttering, from problems with articulation to language or learning problems.
- Children with autism have a broad range of communication disorders including poor social pragmatics.
- Children who have difficulties developing written language may have trouble recognizing that speech is composed of individual sounds. This “auditory-language processing” difficulty should be assessed.
- Adults who have had a stroke often need speech and language therapy.
- Adults or children with head injury may need help with cognitive-linguistic problems to be able to resume work or school.
- Adults with dementia who show difficulties with activities of daily living can benefit from training.
- Someone with a voice disorder will be limited in daily communication. The voice problem may be more serious if the person is a professional voice user and depends on voice for a career.
- A language disorder can be as simple as a slowness in the development of grammar and vocabulary.
- Substituting a 'w' for an 'r' in certain words (like right, rabbit, etc.) is a kind of speech disorder.
- Stuttering in children or adults may impact social development and quality of life. Therapy can help.
- People with hearing disorders may perceive sound in a distorted manner, a muffled manner, or sometimes not at all.
What is evidence-based practice?
Evidence-based practice includes 3 elements: (1) best current evidence, (2) client/family values, and (3) clinical expertise (see http://www.asha.org/members/ebp/).
The fields of audiology and speech-language pathology in general, and speech-language therapy in particular is based on scientific research. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) is actively developing a database of clinical practice guidelines based on sound experimental investigations.
If you would like more information about communication disorders and sciences at SUNY Plattsburgh please contact:
Raymond Domenico, Chair
Office: Sibley Hall 226
Phone: (518) 564-3154
Communication Disorders and Sciences
Sibley Hall 226
101 Broad Street
Plattsburgh, NY 12901<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>狗尾續貂：論資排輩，我要真‧候選人
最近基督教協進會（下簡稱為「協進會」）於特別會員大會中以大比數通過保留選委十席，並以抽籤方式選出這十席。通過保留選委十席的決議，對於一個習慣有人出席選委既組織並不出奇。如果突然間被缺席的話，他們好可能會坐立不安。但是第二項有關以抽籤抽出十席的決議十分之好，因為貫徹了聖經的「籤放在懷裡．定事由耶和華。」（箴十六33）掣籤掣出十席既排除人意，更乎合神權統治。
除了聖經舊約有掣籤之外，新約也記載了一次。根據使徒行傳記載初期教會用搖籤，搖出馬提亞，使他補償了賣主的 猶大的空缺和其餘十一位使徒同列。（徒一15-26）這次最重要的地方是當時教會在抽籤之前列出了候選人的資格（並不是每個信徒都有份參與）──由約翰施洗起直到主被接升天為止，一直與耶穌及其他門徒一起，並同作耶穌復活的見證的。（徒一21-22）最後只有兩位候選人參與抽籤。簡單點說候選人的輩份要高（耶穌在世傳道時已經跟隨耶穌），如果唔係可能壓不住個場。
在今天你不代表我、我也不代表你的年代，某大主教只能代表他的教派未必代表香港眾教會，而且協進會的會員名單中未見到死佬所屬的宗派的名字，請問協進會所選出的十席怎可代表我？如果協進會真的要以抽籤方式抽出這十席，請照足初期教會的方法，在候選人的資格上設定要求──既要跨宗派、高輩份、與教會同在一段長時間、也要有好見證──先可被絕絕絕絕大部份香港信徒認同。死佬在候選人的資格上會作出以下建議：
- 既然正教會香港及東南亞教區（東正教）是協進會的會員之一，那麼這十席的候選人的輩份一定要追溯至初期教會時期。即候選人要由初期教會已經在教會之內、見證基督，這才能代表正統教會的立場；
- 在正教會香港及東南亞教區不反對之下，這十席的候選人的輩份一定要追溯至馬丁路德改革教會時期。即候選人要由馬丁路德改革教會成立更正教時已經在教會之內、同心見證基督，這才能代表更正教會的立場；或是
- 若未能找到這些候選人，因為他們要代表香港教會，這十席的候選人的輩份一定要追溯香港開埠時期。即候選人要由香港開埠時期已經在教會之內、同心見證基督，這才能代表香港教會的立場。
退一萬步想，若果未能搵到符合以上條件的候選人出來抽籤，那麼協進會真的要拿出勇氣面對要缺席於特首選舉了。
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編輯同工
［本文蒙作者允許轉載］ 最近和一個朋友討論神學，她問我：「是什麼讓你變得Liberal了？」因為這個問題，我一晚睡不著。昨晚凌晨時分我終於回覆：「這是我對他者一份深切的關懷。」 大概是因為大學時讀過… 詳閱<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نمایندگی اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن با رعایت کامل حقوق مشتریان اقدام به عرضه محصولات خود می نماید. کیفیت و قیمت مناسب جهت جلب رضایت مشتریان از جمله اهداف این مجموعه می باشد.
از لوله های پلی پروپیلن در صنایع مختلفی استفاده می شود. ویژگی های منحصر به فردی که این لوله ها دارد، منجر به کاربرد گسترده آن ها در این صنایع شده است. اگر این محصولات از نمایندگی اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن معتبر خریداری شود:
- می توان از مناسب بودن قیمت آن اطمینان داشت.
- کیفیت این لوله ها تضیمن شده است.
- در این نمایندگی ها تنوع کافی در اندازه و مدل های این لوله ها وجود دارد.
- نیاز خریدار به هر مقداری که سفارش دهد، در کوتاه ترین زمان ممکن تامین می گردد.
اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن
اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن اگر به صورت استاندارد تولید شده باشند می توان در حوزه های زیر آن ها را به کار گرفت:
- شبکه آب سرد و گرم در منازل
- شبکه آب رسانی شهری
- لوله کشی تاسیسات شوفاژ
- صنایع غذایی
- صنایع بهداشتی
- در شبکه هوا رسان
تولید اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن
انواع اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن با توجه به کاربردی که دارند در رنگ ها و ابعاد مشخصی تولید و روانه بازار می گردند. برای تولید کنندگان با سابقه و مجرب این محصول مهم است که محصولی را تولید و به بازار عرضه نمایند که ویژگی های زیر را داشته باشد:
- کاملا بهداشتی باشد.
- استاندارد باشد و دارای گواهینامه های معتبر بین المللی باشد.
- ضمانت کیفیت داشته باشد.
- به صورت دائم توسط کارشناسان مجرب و آزمایشگاه های پیشرفته کنترل و بازرسی شود.
- به واسطه های ماشین آلات مدرن و به کارگیری تجهیزات روز دنیا به صورت مکانیزه تولید گردد.
نمایندگی اتصالات لوله های پلی پروپیلن در ایران
برای برقراری ارتباط با نمایندگی اتص
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ilen 53 yaşındaki Stacy Spagnardi, “Aslında donuyordum ve bize fazladan battaniye vermek istemediler,” dedi. Vergi kaçakçılığı ve sigorta dolandırıcılığından ceza çekiyor.
“Bazı kadınlar o kadar hastaydı ki yemek yiyemiyorlardı ve güçlükle hareket ediyorlardı. Ziyaret odasında yaklaşık iki hafta geçiren ancak yakın zamanda ev hapsi için serbest bırakılan Jasmir Humphrey’in yazılı açıklaması, bir kadın öksürmeyi durduramadı ”dedi.
Bay. Hapishane bürosundan Long, bir e-postada yaptığı açıklamada, testi pozitif olan veya semptomları olan tüm mahkumlara “C.D.C. kılavuzuna uygun tıbbi bakım sağlandığını söyledi. ”
Bu rehber, evde iyileşen Covid hastalarının dinlenmeleri, bol miktarda sıvı almaları, semptomlar için reçetesiz ilaçlar almaları, doktorlarıyla iletişim halinde olmaları ve hastalığın kötüye gittiğine dair uyarı işaretleri konusunda uyanık olmaları gerektiğini söylüyor.
Ancak bir erkek ziyaret odasına yerleştirilen enfekte kadınlara, taleplerine rağmen ateş ve vücut ağrıları için asetaminofen gibi reçetesiz satılan ilaçlar verilmediğini söyledi. 6 a’da parlak tepegöz ışıkları açıldı. m. mahkumlar, gardiyanların, herhangi biri onları kapatırsa disiplin cezası vermekle tehdit ettiğini söylediler.
Odada bir su çeşmesi vardı, ancak çok sayıda istek yapılıncaya kadar bardak verilmedi ve kadınlara çay, çorba veya başka bir nemlendirici yiyecek verilmediğini söylediler.
Bayan Spagnardi, Tylenol’u almamıza yaklaşık bir hafta geçti, dedi. Tekrar tekrar sorduktan sonra bir miktar asetaminofen aldığını, ancak tüm hasta mahkumlara dağıtılmadığını söyledi.
Sıcaklıklar hafta içi her gün kontrol edildi, ancak hafta sonları kontrol edilmedi. Bayan Humphrey, “personel diğer yaşamsal belirtilerimizi kontrol etmedi veya ciğerlerimizi dinlemedi” diye yazdı.
[ Facebook’taki Science Times sayfası gibi. | Kaydolun Science Times haber bülteni.]
Bay Long, tecrit alanının uygun şekilde ısıtıldığını ve mahkumların tıbbi bakım gördüklerini söyledi, ancak mahkumlar ve avukatları tarafından açıklanan diğer koşullar hakkında yorum yapmayı reddetti.
Kadın hapishanesindeki başka bir ziyaret odasına yerleştirilen hasta kadınlar, gardiyanlar odadan çıkıp kapıyı arkalarında kilitledikten sonra, acil bir durumda yardım çağırmanın bir yolu olmadığını söylediler. Bir telefon vardı ama işe yaramazdı.
Erken birkaç gün nefes darlığı ve vücut ağrıları şikayetleri göz ardı edilen 33 yaşındaki Jacqueline Torres, “Telefonun yanındaki bir tabelada ‘Acil durumda bu numarayı çevirin’ dedi, ancak numara işe yaramadı,” dedi. Aralık. Sonunda 7 Aralık’ta hızlı bir test yapıldı ve pozitif test edildi.
Bir röportajda, “Herhangi biriyle temasa geçebilmemizin tek yolu, bir muhafızın koridordan geçmesi ve onların dikkatini çekmek için duvara vurmamızdı” dedi.
65 yaşında olan ve tansiyonu yüksek olan Rae Haltzman 9 Aralık’ta kusmaya başladı ancak yardım çağıramadı. Mahkemeye verdiği ifadede, ziyaret odasının kilitli kapısının yanına bir battaniyeyle uzanarak “birinin gelmesini beklediğini” yazdı. Binadan çıkan bir psikoloğu gördüğünde, “Kapıya çarptım ve ondan bir sağlık görevlisi bulmasını istedim. “
Ms. Haltzman sonunda dokuz gün hastaneye kaldırıldı. 18 Aralık’ta taburcu edildikten sonra, “genellikle intihar nöbeti veya uyuşturucu bırakma vakaları için kullanılan” kilitli bir odaya tek başına yerleştirildi. Hastanenin bulaşıcı hastalıklar uzmanı izole edilmesine gerek olmadığını söylemesine rağmen 2 Ocak’a kadar orada tutuldu.
“Odada çok uzun süre yalnız kalmaktan panik atak geçirdim,” dedi. “Tüm zaman boyunca hastalandığım için cezalandırılıyormuş gibi hissettim. ”
Bir başka mahkum olan Denise Bonfilio da erkekler hapishanesinin misafir odasında şiddetli bir şekilde hastalandı. Dudakları maviye döndü ve hastaneye kaldırıldı. Susuz kaldığı bulundu ancak kabul edilmedi ve odaya geri döndü.
Bayan Bonfilio, gıda alerjileri nedeniyle, verilen yemekleri yiyemiyordu, bu da onun dehidrasyonuna katkıda bulunmuş olabilir. Bir röportajda tecrit odasında yapılan muameleyi “fiziksel ve duygusal olarak acımasız” olarak nitelendirdi. ”
Bayan Bonfilio, “En zinde olanın hayatta kalması gibiydi,” dedi.
23 Aralık’ta eve hapsedilen Bayan Torres, mahkumların ihtiyaç duydukları malzemeleri komiserden sipariş etmek zorunda kaldıklarını hatırladı. “Kelimenin tam anlamıyla Salonlar, ibuprofen ve sıcak çay aldık” dedi.
Bayan Spagnardi, Hepimiz korkuyorduk, dedi. Hepimiz orada öleceğimizi düşünüyorduk ve sayılıncaya kadar kimse bilmeyecekti. ”
Bir salgının ortasında mahkumlara ev hapsi verilmesine hapishane yetkililerinin neden bu kadar dirençli olduğu açık değil.
Federal kurumlarda hapsedilen insanların çoğu şiddet içermeyen suçlular. Kamp, Danbury’deki kadınlar için asgari güvenlik tesisinin etrafı çitle çevrili bile değil.
Yine de uzmanlar, Maryland’deki bir kadına tecavüz eden ve Massachusetts hapishanesinden çıkarken nişanlısını bıçaklayan suçlu bir katilin kötü şöhretli vakasına atıfta bulunan “Willie Horton etkisi” nedeniyle büronun ev hapsinden hoşlanmadığını söylüyor. Suçlar, eski Vali Michael Dukakis’in 1988’deki başkanlık kampanyasının rayından çıkmasına yardımcı olan saldırı reklamlarının temelini oluşturdu.
Geçen Mart, aşırı kalabalığı hafifletmek ve bir salgını önlemek için eski bir mahkumun Florida’daki bir hapishaneden serbest bırakılmasının ertesi günü, Tampa’da bir adamı vurdu ve öldürdü.
Georgetown Üniversitesi’nde hukuk profesörü olan Shon Hopwood, “Herkes bir hata yaparsa ve birisi çıkıp iğrenç bir suç işlemesi durumunda suçlanacağından endişeleniyor” dedi. Hepsi bu korkunç vakanın korkusuyla yaşıyor. “<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>بلک راک ارزش هر سهم Byju را در پایان دسامبر 2022 به 2400 دلار تعیین کرد که نسبت به 4600 دلار در آوریل سال گذشته کاهش یافت و ارزش این شرکت را کمی بیش از 11 میلیارد دلار نشان داد.
بزرگترین مدیر دارایی جهان، بلک راک کمتر از 1 درصد از سهام این شرکت را در اختیار دارد. Byju’s، با ارزش ترین استارتاپ خصوصی هند، در زمان آخرین جمع آوری کمک مالی خود در اکتبر 2022، 22 میلیارد دلار ارزش داشت. این اولین کاهش قیمت برای شرکت است، که تحت اسکنر تاخیر در گزارش درآمدها، رویه های تجاری کلی است. به عنوان فروش نادرست دوره های آموزشی و نحوه شناسایی درآمدهای خود.
بر اساس پرونده هایی که توسط ET مشاهده شد، اینویسکو ارزش سهام سویگی را در اکتبر 2022 4759 دلار در مقایسه با 6212 دلار در ژوئیه 2022 ارزیابی کرد که ارزش شرکت را 8.2 میلیارد دلار اعلام کرد. Swiggy پس از بسته شدن یک دور 700 میلیون دلاری در ژانویه 2022، 10.7 میلیارد دلار ارزش داشت.
رقیب Zomato که در سال 2021 وارد بورس شد، پس از اینکه در نوامبر 2021 به 17 میلیارد دلار ارزش بازار رسید، در پایان روز جمعه در BSE حدود 5.5 میلیارد دلار ارزش داشت.
بررسی های دوره ای ارزش گذاری
داستان های مورد علاقه خود را کشف کنید
سرمایه گذاران نهادی ایالات متحده و صندوق های سرمایه گذاری مشترک تحت مدیریت آنها ارزش دارایی های خود را در فواصل زمانی منظم بررسی می کنند. Flipkart، Ola، Paytm و دیگران در سال 2016 در بحبوحه کاهش نسبتاً شدیدتر بودجه در آن زمان، ارزیابی های خود را توسط صندوق های مشترک بازنگری کردند.
طبق پرونده های BlackRock، ارزش سهام بیجو در اکتبر سال گذشته 2855 دلار بود. نشانه گذاری Byju برای اولین بار توسط نشریه آنلاین The Arc گزارش شد.
Byju’s و Swiggy به سؤالات پاسخ ندادند.
ET اوایل این ماه گزارش داد که Byju’s به دنبال بازپرداخت وام مدت دار 1.2 میلیارد دلاری خود B با نرخ بالاتری است، پیشرفتی که با تاخیر در انتشار نتایج سال مالی 21 و سال مالی 22 مرتبط است که وام دهندگان را وادار به فراخوانی وام ها کرد.
شرکت edtech در حال برنامهریزی دور دیگری برای جمعآوری سرمایه از طریق اسکناسهای قابل تبدیل است و با سرمایهگذاران موجود و همچنین صندوقهای دولتی و صندوقهای بازنشستگی برای ترتیب دادن تامین مالی گفتگو کرده است. به طور معمول، زمانی که وجوه از طریق اسکناس های قابل تبدیل جمع آوری می شود، هیچ ارزش گذاری به شرکت نسبت داده نمی شود. سرمایهگذاران شرکتکننده زمانی که شرکت دور جدید سرمایهگذاری سهام خود را افزایش میدهد، یا اگر رویداد نقدینگی مانند عرضه اولیه عمومی (IPO) وجود داشته باشد، در ارزشگذاری تخفیف دریافت میکنند.
از دست دادن بودجه Edtech
Byju’s هزینه ها را کاهش داده است تا خسارات را مهار کند. حدود 3500 نفر در حداقل دو دور اخراج از کار اخراج شده اند.
پلتفرم edtech زیان 4588 کرور روپیه را برای سال منتهی به مارس 2021 گزارش کرد که از تنها 262 کرور روپیه در سال مالی قبل بیشتر بود. درآمد تعدیل شده از عملیات به 2280 کرور روپیه رسید که 48 درصد از درآمد پیش بینی شده 4400 کرور روپیه ذکر شده در نتایج حسابرسی نشده Think & Learn Pvt Ltd، شرکت مادری که شرکت Byju را اداره می کند، کاهش داشت.
ET در 20 مارس گزارش داد که Byju’s در حال مذاکره با طلبکاران در مورد افزایش نرخ بهره وام مدت دار B (TLB) با حداقل 200-300 واحد پایه (bps) در Libor به اضافه نرخ بهره شناور 550 bps است. در این گزارش آمده است که نرخ بهره اضافی مورد بحث توسط Byju’s بالاتر از 550 bps است. یک نقطه پایه 0.01 واحد درصد است.
TLB که Byju’s در حال مذاکره مجدد است، بزرگترین موردی بود که یک استارتاپ هندی در زمان افزایش آن ترتیب داده بود، اما وام بدون رتبه بود. این شرکت که توسط سرمایه گذاران خیمه شب بازی از جمله جنرال آتلانتیک و پروسوس حمایت می شود، این وام را برای تامین مالی خرید و گسترش خود در بازار آمریکای شمالی گرفته بود.
بلافاصله پس از آن، Byju’s برای بهبود وضعیت مالی خود تحت فشار قرار گرفت. سپس با توجه به شرایط ضعیفتر اقتصاد کلان، برخی از سرمایهگذاریهای جدید خود را عقب کشید و برخی از خریدهای بالقوهاش در ایالات متحده نیز در معرض خطر قرار گرفتند.
شرکتهای ادتک مانند Byju’s، Unacademy و Vedantu که در طول کووید-19 شاهد رونق بودند، پس از کاهش همهگیری و بازگشایی مدارس و دیگر مراکز آموزش آفلاین، به شدت آسیب دیدند. در حالی که بودجه کلی برای استارتآپها کند شد، شرکتهای edtech بیشترین فشار را متحمل شدند. طبق دادههای به دست آمده از Tracxn، استارتآپهای Edtech در سال 2022، 3.1 میلیارد دلار در مقایسه با 5.4 میلیارد دلار در سال 2021، افت بیش از 42 درصدی دریافت کردند.
روز پنجشنبه، ET گزارش داد که Unacademy تحت حمایت SoftBank دور دیگری از اخراج را انجام داد و 12٪ از نیروی کار خود را اخراج کرد زیرا با فشار برای کاهش نرخ سوزاندن نقدینگی مواجه بود. بنیانگذار و مدیر اجرایی Unacademy، Gaurav Munjal روز جمعه اعلام کرد که رهبری این شرکت، از جمله بنیانگذاران، کاهش دائمی حقوق تا 25٪ را اتخاذ خواهند کرد.
تغییرات و چالش ها
کاهش ارزش سوئیگی در بحبوحه چالشهایی برای شرکت تحت حمایت سافتبانک رخ میدهد. این شرکت در سال جاری 380 کارمند خود را اخراج کرده بود زیرا تجارت اصلی تحویل مواد غذایی آن کاهش یافته بود. در همین حال، HSBC Global Research در یادداشتی اعلام کرد، رقیب Zomato، از زمان راه اندازی مجدد برنامه وفاداری Zomato Gold، شروع به بازپس گیری سهم بازاری که در نیمه دوم سال 2022 به سویگی از دست داده بود، کرده است.
بر اساس گزارشی که توسط شرکت کارگزاری Jefferies منتشر شده است، واحد تجارت سریع سوئیگی، اینستامارت، در کسب و کار تحویل مواد غذایی زوماتو، بلینکیت، عقب افتاده است. این گزارش افزود: در شش ماه اول سال 2022، اینستامارت ارزش ناخالص کالا (GMV) 257 میلیون دلاری را در مقایسه با 270 میلیون دلاری GMV ثبت شده توسط Blinkit متعلق به Zomato ثبت کرد.
ET روز جمعه گزارش داد که رئیس Instamart، Karthik Gurumurthy تا پایان آوریل کنار خواهد رفت. فانی کیشان آدپالی، بنیانگذار Swiggy، قرار است مدیریت را بر عهده بگیرد. Swiggy توسعه را به ET تایید کرد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>服务器是存储网站文件的计算机。它负责响应客户机的请求并提供网页。服务器有许多不同的类型，包括共享服务器、虚拟专用服务器 (VPS) 和专用服务器。共享服务器是最便宜的选择，但它也意味着您的网站将与其他网站共享服务器资源。VPS 提供更多控制和灵活性，但价格也更高。专用服务器是最昂贵的选项，但它也为您提供对服务器的完全控制。
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增强网站安全性： 采取适当的服务器安全措施并使用二级域名可以帮助保护您的网站免受攻击。
扩展网站功能： 使用二级域名可以轻松地创建子网站或不同的网站部分，从而扩展网站的功能。
提升网站品牌形象： 使用自定义的二级域名可以帮助提升网站的品牌形象，并使您的网站更容易被记住。
结论
服务器知识和网站二级域名是网站建设和维护的重要组成部分。通过了解服务器知识和使用网站二级域名，您可以提高网站的性能、安全性、功能和品牌形象。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>معاون اول رییس جمهوری با تاکید بر این که همه دستگاه ها باید به مصوبه دولت درمورد رعایت مسایل ریست محیطی خودروها توجه وسخت گیری های لازم را داشته باشند، گفت: انتظار رعایت حداقل استانداردها در خودروها وجود دارد و هیچ کس نباید احساس کند که دولت و دستگاه ها تکلیف بی موردی را انجام می دهند.
سازمان گسترش و نوسازی صنایع ایران (ایدرو) در حالی باید طبق اساسنامه این سازمان، سهام خود در تفاهمنامه با رنو را واگذار کند که هنوز مشخص نیست سهام مربوطه در اختیار رنو قرار میگیرد یا خودروسازان داخلی.
سرپرست مرکز روابط عمومی وزارت صنعت سهم دولت در صنعت خودروسازی کشور را 15 درصد اعلام و تاکید کرد به طور قطع سال آینده کیفیت خودروهای داخلی متحول خواهد شد و بخشی از قراردادهای فروش خودرو به کشورهای هدف با مشارکت خارجی ها و انتقال دانش و فناوری و همچنین فروش قطعات خودروها به دیگر کشورها از جمله اقدامات برای سال آینده است.
رئیس سازمان اموال تملیکی میگوید این سازمان در نظر دارد که عرضه کالا به بورس کالا را که پیش تر درباره کالاهای قاچاق و متروکه انجام شده بود، درباره خودروهای لوکس در اختیار سازمان اموال تملیکی را هم اجرا کند.
یک سال و چند روز از امضای برجام می گذرد و در پی انعقاد قرارداد خودروسازان داخلی با خارجی ها، شمارش معکوس برای ورود خودروهای محصول مشترک ایران و فرانسه از سوی دو خودروساز بزرگ کشور، آغاز شده و آبی پوشان جاده مخصوص خبر داده انداولین مشترک ایران خودرو و پژو تا پایان سال جاری وارد بازار می شود؛ حال سوال این است که آیا این خودروها در بازار موفق خواهند بود؟
مدیر عامل شرکت بهینهسازی مصرف سوخت با بیان اینکه وزارت نفت وظیفه خود میداند که کلیه اقدامات لازم برای صرفهجویی مصرف سوخت را به کار ببندند، گفت: آغاز این فرآیند با نوسازی ۶۵ هزار دستگاه و از ناوگان جادهای اجر
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of the resources that will help not only educators but also students in the teaching and learning of physics & mathematics. Quantum tunneling have you ever wondered which part of the world has the best qonqr players have you ever thought that you and your friends would dominate another group of players who like to talk smack about how good they are, if only you were in the same city.
Quantum tunnelling or tunneling (see spelling differences) is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classically could not surmount. The physics of the universe - quantum theory and the uncertainty principle - quantum tunnelling and the uncertainty principle. Even though the probability of quantum tunneling is very small for any particular proton-proton interaction, somewhere on the order of 1-in-10 28 it's the power of quantum mechanics that allows the sun to shine in a fundamental way.
Definitions of quantum tunnelling, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of quantum tunnelling, analogical dictionary of quantum tunnelling (english. Quantum tunnelling (or tunneling) is the quantum-mechanical effect of transitioning through a classically-forbidden energy state consider rolling a ball up a hill if the ball is not given enough velocity, then it will not roll over the hill this makes sense classically but in quantum. Introduction-what is it quantum tunneling falls under the domain of quantum mechanics: the study of what happens at the quantum scale this process cannot be.
Quantum mechanics: tunneling effect and its applications quantum mechanics: tunneling effect and its applications. Lecture 6 scanning tunneling microscopy (stm) general components of stm tunneling current is forbidden in classical physics but that can be explained by the better approach of quantum mechanics the tunneling current i has a very important characteristic: it exhibits an. Image source: self drawn quantum world and quantum tunneling: at the quantum level, the laws of physics are no more same as the normal physics laws which we see in our daily life. Quantum tunneling is a quantum power that becomes available at level 26 phase to another.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Le tribù devono sparire. La politica di assimilazione degli indiani negli Stati Uniti d’America
di Daniele Fiorentino
Casa editrice: Carocci
Approfitta di questo volume sul tuo ebook e nel file che preferisci
Descrizione:
Tra la fine dell’Ottocento e l’inizio dell’Ottocento, il governo degli Stati Uniti ha dato vita ad un vasto programma di assimilazione degli indiani d’America, culminato nel 1924 con il riconoscimento della cittadinanza a tutti i residenti sul territorio federale. Il libro ripercorre in questa pagina l’incendio della storia americana, sulla base di archivi inediti e interviste condotte su riserve indiane, rilanciando il vivace dibattito intellettuale dell’epoca e mostrando come il governo americano abbia chiesto ai nativi di abbandonare completamente le proprie tradizioni e identità per essere accettati nella società americana.
Daniele Fiorentino – Le tribù devono sparire. La politica di assimilazione degli indiani negli Stati Uniti d’America – Gratis
Formato: ePub, MOBI y Pdf
Download links:
In questo sito coltiviamo la scrittura e l’immaginazione.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ferns as a Natural Water Filter
Pollution has posed a serious threat to human life since the industrial revolution of the developed world, and rivers have always borne the heavy brunt of factory pollutants.
Water pollution caused by chemical substances such as heavy metals and other toxic compounds can seriously affect a river’s ecology.
Heavy metals can accumulate from water to sediments through a settling process and some particles can also find their way into the biota. It is therefore crucial to create systematic management strategies that work to both prevent and reduce the level of pollutants in lakes and rivers before they can contaminate their surrounding ecosystem.
Phytoremediation is an effective environmental clean-up strategy in which various types of plants are used to remove, render environmentally toxic pollutants harmless in contaminated soil and water.
This method, however, has garnered both support and backlash. Advocates of the method say that phytoremediation has been successful in reducing pollution levels over time without involving chemicals or other harmful techniques.
Skeptics, meanwhile, argue that the process is far too unreliable. Some instances saw the new plants or trees have an immediate effect on their surroundings upon planting.
In numerous cases, however, it has taken at least two years before the new greenery can manifest any changes in the contaminated area.
The process, they added, would also require significant resources to: plant a large crop of species that have the ability to accumulate, store or degrade contaminants; tend to and properly maintain the plants or trees; harvest the crop to separate the heavy metals from the phytomass; and finally replant or use the phytomass for compost.
Despite the pros and cons behind phytoremediation, a wide range of native and non-native plants have been used extensively to reduce water pollution.
Greening polluted watersheds that contain hyper accumulator plants — capable of growing in heavily contaminated areas — can also be a solution, though the method is also somewhat controversial.
As I previously explained, phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly management strategy to prevent and reduce water pollution, particularly by heavy metals in industrial areas.
There are ways to expedite the rate at which new plants accumulate pollutants: choose a fast growing plant species with a high accumulation capacity — those that thrive in soil containing high levels of heavy metals.
Among the species perfect for phytoremeidation is a fern called Pteris vittata, also known as the Chinese ladder brake, found in Asia (including Indonesia), some parts of Africa and Australia.
The species is a hyperaccumulator for arsenic (As), the first to be discovered, making it a perfect choice for the phytoremediation of water and soil contaminated with the dangerous chemical.
Scientist discovered the fern’s abilities after collecting a sample from an area surrounding a lumber factory that had been using chromated copper arsenate (CCA) to treat its output. The fern accumulates 23 grams per kilogram of arsenic in its fronds without showing symptoms of toxicity. The fern removes heavy metal pollutants from contaminated waters, converting them into biomass.
Periodical harvest of plants that have the ability to absorb pollutants is another way of speeding up the phytoremediation process.
Harvested plants containing heavy metals can be disposed of or treated to recycle the metal.
Rhizofiltration — a water filtration system using plant roots — using Chinese ladder brakes contains many of the benefits of other phytoextraction techniques; it is low cost and does not damage the environment.
A continuous flow system circulates the contaminated water through specially designed plant containment units in which older plants are harvested and replaced.
Nowadays wastewater and pollution treatment using the phytoremediation or rhizofiltration method employs floating vegetated filters rather than expanding a treatment plant or creating a new large wetland; the floating system offers a decidedly less expensive alternative.
It is an engineering system that is easy to implement and requires less maintenance. The interest is mainly ecological, economical and aesthetic, especially when this system is installed in a city’s industrial areas.
Plants native to Indonesia can work to treat polluted sites while also providing a greener landscape.
The floating vegetated filters are covered with a mat of coir fiber covered with helophytes, or marsh plants.
Beneath the vegetation is a layer of Xylit fiber, which is often used in purifying pond water and will work to draw in pollutants to the ferns.
The combination of the floating mats and Chinese brake ferns could purify larger volumes of water and sequester heavy metal pollutants. The method provides a phytoremediation system with a natural look.
Teguh Triono is program director of the Indonesian Biodiversity Foundation (Kehati).
The post Ferns as a Natural Water Filter appeared first on The Jakarta Globe.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mauritania 2002 #1 L'avvicinamento
..si ferma una Land: è una troupe della tv marocchina che sta girando un documentario sul Sahara ex spagnolo. Intervistano Roberto sul tema: il sahaha è sicuro ed i turisti (e gli investitori) sono i benvenuti. Passiamo un altro posto di blocco, poi quello di Bir Guendouz ed infine giungiamo al confine. I doganieri stanno mangiando e dunque tocca aspettare..<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>普约尔确认比利亚将离队 外租多个人下季哪个人也不留
巴萨以5700万英镑的天价引进内马尔，汉中地点上还亟需引援，那又要开支一大笔钱，巴萨也要出卖球员筹措资金。《世界体育报》表露，今夏巴萨有多达14名球员被列入可以售卖的名册，包涵蒂亚戈、巴尔德斯、比利亚等政要在内。《世界体育报》还做出民意调查，54%的看球的观众不想Tiago离开，24%的人则不愿意见到德乌洛费乌告别巴萨。
www.7m.com.cn 二零一三年0十二月07日 来源：乐乎体育
“内马尔的到来，将逼走比利亚。”几天前，《世界体育报》曾在头版头条这样说道。以往，这一新闻得到了普约尔的亲口认同。普约尔带女朋友在London度假时，碰着了巴西电视记者索马尼，他在交谈时不知不觉中表露了比利亚的以往。这一对话，被《每一日体育报》完全暴光。
** 巴尔德斯(合同期至二〇一六年，34周岁)
普约尔不领悟索马尼是个体育记者，他认为对方只是个一般的巴西看球的粉丝，因而她在对话中并从未刻意设防。“内马尔在巴萨会踢什么职位？”索马尼发问。“左侧锋，似乎他在桑托斯那么。”普约尔回答。“那右路呢？”索马尼继续发问。“佩德罗或者桑切斯。”普约尔继续应对。“比利亚呢？他要走了？”索马尼最终问道。普约尔给出了自然的答案：“是的，但是本身不清楚他会去哪。”
** 巴尔德斯在和巴萨俱乐部下棋，巴萨门将代表不介意听从到合同期停止，但球员和游乐场双方均有转正意向，只但是得到的价码不恰当。
阿比达尔一度分明会在今夏离队，昨日他在承受采访时谈及了里昂、摩纳哥、法国首都圣日耳曼和尼斯那四支球队，《每天体育报》认为他很或者会出席其中一支法国球队。可是阿比达尔也认同，他有大概留在西甲：“继续听从西班牙足球甲级联赛也是个有意思的选项，因为如此自身的家就不要匆匆忙忙的搬走了。”
** 奥耶尔(2015年，23岁)
《每一天体育报》前日在头版头条提出，上赛季被巴萨出租的四名球员，全都不会在下赛季留队。巴萨想要卖掉丰塔斯、昆卡和阿费莱，丰塔斯拿到了奥地利 萨尔斯堡的合同，昆卡有可能去阿贾克斯，阿费莱要么回埃因霍温要么去英超。博扬不指望后续被租费了，然而巴萨照旧愿意出租他，红蓝军团对Bo Yang还保有最终的只求。
** 2007年，奥耶尔从皇族联合加盟巴萨二线队，在二〇〇九-贰零壹零赛季成功了和睦的巴萨处子秀，但那6年来，他的身份在巴尔德斯和平托以下，很难取得机会。奥Yale不久前曾经和队友们开首说告别了。
蒂亚戈今夏前途未卜，他的兄弟拉菲尼亚平等如此。Rafinia下赛季本应升入一队，但出演时间自然不能取得保险，出租在外成了她最切实的选料。据《每天体育报》披露，塞尔塔和皇族社会都指望租售拉菲尼亚。拉菲尼亚爹爹马津霍曾效忠过塞尔塔，而皇家社会足球俱乐部（Real Sociedad de Fútbol）下赛季有欧冠参赛资格。
**小Dos Santos(二〇一六年，2三周岁)
越来越多关于”普约尔
比利亚
巴萨“的新闻
** 和二〇一八年场馆相同，巴萨并不将小Dos Santos就是现在计划中，埃弗顿、塞维利亚等球队也想要他，但墨西哥小将不甘于离开。今夏，巴萨希望小多斯能接纳转会离开。
分享到：
** 巴尔特拉(2016年，二十一周岁)
分享到：
** 那是贰个很费力的采纳，Bila诺瓦表示俱乐部愿意和巴尔特拉续约，但巴尔特拉知道自身在球队只好排到第5三沙的职责：皮克、普约尔、小马哥、Adriano以及一名新援之后。U21欧青赛之后，巴尔特拉将考虑自个儿的前途。
分享到…
**丰塔斯(2015年，23岁)
** 在从马洛卡承租回归之后，丰塔斯也相应知道自身在球队并不曾太好的前景。丰塔斯可以两次三番被租费在外漂泊，恐怕直接转接，甚至是截止合同，让他即兴转会离开。丰塔斯最有只怕的下家，或者是科库的埃因霍温。
相关情报
**拉菲尼亚(二〇一四年，20岁)
** 依据合同规定，今夏Rafinia将唤起到一线队，但她将会被租用出去。巴萨希望他能进入一支能踢欧冠或欧联的球队，多收获比赛机会。然而前B队主帅Louis-恩里克希望拉菲尼亚去塞尔塔，那只怕也是二个不错的选项。
普约尔:伤病曾让自个儿萌生退意
没考虑转会想踢到40
**蒂亚戈(2015年，22岁)
Hong Kong时间八月13日黎明（英文名：lí míng），巴萨队长普约尔在巴萨俱乐部的新闻公布会上，披露本人曾经考虑过退役，而不是传闻中的倒车到AC马德里足球俱乐部俱乐部，西班牙王国晋城受到了惨重膝盖伤病后，苏醒状
……[详细]
** 那是最灵敏的标题，Tiago和巴萨还有两年合同，但出于出场不到百分之六十，他的失约金从7000万降到1800万。Tiago希望拿到越多的空子，他想参加2016年世界杯。曼联、曼城、拜仁都盼望赢得蒂Yago，U21欧青赛之后，蒂亚戈将决定本身的以往。
** 阿费莱(2015年，26岁)
普约尔豪言二〇一八年将赢更多名宿:巴萨就是比皇家马德里（Real Madrid Club de Fútbol）强
** 阿费莱从沙尔克租下回归到巴萨，但Bila诺瓦并不打算将他列入下赛季布署中。荷兰人只怕继续租费生涯，恐怕永远离开。即使得不到好的转化，巴萨会考虑截止合同。
巴萨在西班牙足球甲级联赛联赛第①6轮中失败了巴拉多利德，顺利地得到3分后也通向周密的百分亚军又迈进了一步，赛中的第暂时间，巴萨在诺Camp举行了捧杯庆典，最然很不难，但主教练Bila诺瓦和
……[详细]
**博扬(2015年，22岁)
** 从罗马和米兰的租售期截至之后，博扬重返巴萨。晋州只想出500万买断Bo Yang，可是被巴萨拒绝。汉堡表示期待收获Bo Yang，但Bo Yang想要去英超。
迈阿密动态
** 德乌洛费乌(前年，110虚岁)
** 德乌洛费乌不久前续约到二零一七年，Bila诺瓦也很喜爱她。但比帅也了然，走出去对德乌来说更好，加的夫想要签下他，有Klopp在，德乌洛费乌应该会有很好的升高。
巴萨pkChelsea曼彻斯特联（Manchester United）追曼加拉那不勒斯（Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli）欲挖马化腾（Pony）
** 昆卡(2015年，22岁)
中卫地点，是巴萨引进内马尔后的下一个补强对象，无数鹤岗与巴萨传出了绯闻。最新的绯闻对象，是二十四周岁的法国左脚将曼加拉。据《每天体育报》披露，巴萨希望得到那名前途无量
……[详细]
** 阿贾克斯还想租售昆卡一年，但损害手术让昆卡的前程变得一定微妙。在瓜香奈儿拉时期赢得启用的昆卡，因为受伤很难在巴萨立足。
**比利亚(2014年，31岁)
Bailey：内马尔未来能强过梅西是本身劝她拒绝英国一级联赛（Premier-League）
** 比巴塞尔肯定离开巴萨，尽管现方今下家未知。阿森
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ano nelle tasche. Ecco, quel Paese si chiama Venezuela.
Questo Paese caraibico è diventato un caso di studio in tutte le facoltà di economia del mondo, che hanno lanciato esperimenti sociali dimostrando le teorie di molti economisti.
Con la più alta inflazione del pianeta, il mercato immobiliare è un vero incubo. Dal momento che il bolivar è la valuta più svalutata del mondo, i proprietari cercano di chiudere le loro operazioni con una valuta stabile: il dollaro. Le case dunque vengono acquistate in dollari, ma poiché ciò è vietato dallo Stato, le operazioni vengono eseguite attraverso istituzioni al di fuori del Paese, con l’importo in bolivar nel contratto ufficiale.
Negli ultimi cinque anni, la proprietà di una casa a Caracas è stata svalutata in dollari, per cui ora vale il 30% di quello che valeva allora. Ciò accade perché, con i venezuelani che hanno lasciato il Paese, la disponibilità di case e appartamenti è aumentata. Molti abitanti del Venezuela, per disperazione, affittano o vendono in dollari a un importo molto inferiore rispetto al loro valore, con la perenne paura che un giorno lo Stato ne decida persino l’espropriazione, come ha fatto con centinaia di compagnie private e sue proprietà.
Ma grazie a ciò, investire in case di lusso in Venezuela è un buon affare, secondo il quotidiano El Nacional. Nel distretto di Chacao, chiamato anche la Manhattan di Caracas, il settore immobiliare di lusso è diventato il bersaglio degli investitori. Da un lato, gli investitori delle multinazionali che non riescono a rimpatriare i loro profitti dal Venezuela verso i propri Paesi mettono qui i loro guadagni. D’altra parte, i venezuelani sono disposti a proteggere i loro risparmi.
“Gli acquirenti cercano di proteggere i propri soldi in valuta locale nel settore immobiliare e non perdere con le svalutazioni della moneta”, ha detto a Bbc Mundo Francisco Mendoza, direttore della filiale venezuelana di Cbre, gigante immobiliare statunitense. “E’ una grande opportunità per coloro che credono che il mercato si riprenderà”, ha detto Ali Venturini, direttore di un ufficio immobiliare.
I mutui sono un problema per le banche. I contratti devono essere aggiornati in modo permanente “per la determinazione del tasso di interesse del credito sulla base del reddito mensile totale della famiglia”, afferma il sito web di Banesco. La banca non pubblica il tasso di interesse perché sarebbe un suicidio. Nemmeno la Banca Centrale del Venezuela pubblica tassi di inflazione o di intervento.
Poiché la moneta si svaluta così rapidamente, i prezzi dell’affitto in bolivar devono essere sempre aggiornati. Solo in aprile il prezzo medio degli affitti è aumentato del 100%, secondo il Centro di documentazione e analisi sociale della Federazione venezuelana degli insegnanti.
La cosa peggiore è il problema degli inquilini. Dall’arrivo di Hugo Chávez e ora con Nicolás Maduro, mandare via un inquilino moroso è praticamente impossibile. Il canale televisivo Antena 3 ha riportato la storia di uno spagnolo di nome Valeriano Cavada che è arrivato molti anni fa e che ha investito tutti i frutti del suo lavoro in una casa. A causa della legge vigente e avendo inquilini morosi, lo stesso proprietario è finito in bancarotta e vive senza risorse accanto al suo bene immobile.
La politica irregolare del governo ha fatto sì che esistano diversi tassi di cambio. Quello ufficiale è di 10 bolivar per dollaro per importare beni di base. Poi ci sono cambi speciali per le aziende e per le persone.
Nel gennaio 2018, il governo ha decretato che per le società siano 3.345 bolivar per dollaro e per le persone 11.310 bolivar, ma è fluttuante. Molti cittadini (in particolare dell’apparato governativo con accesso ai dollari), approfittano delle proprie influenze per comprare a prezzi bassi e poi cambiare nel mercato nero. Attualmente, sul mercato nero ogni dollaro è pari a 750.000 bolivar.
Il governo ha proibito per decreto alla stampa di parlare del dollaro parallelo, in un tentativo ingenuo di far cessare il mercato nero, senza menzionarlo. Ha persino provato a chiudere i portali digitali che riportano il prezzo del dollaro.
La politica dei prezzi fissi è stata anche una piaga biblica per il Paese. Anni fa, Chavez ha decretato che alcuni prodotti di base debbano godere di prezzi fissi nei mercati popolari: caffè, mais in polvere, zucchero… In teoria, si trattava di una misura destinata a proteggere le classi più umili.
Ma è successo il contrario: la gente comprava prodotti nei supermercati popolari e li rivendeva sul mercato nero a un prezzo più alto. Improvvisamente è saltato fuori un gruppo di soggetti – i bachaqueros (bachaco, che è una grande formica) – che hanno contribuito alla carenza di prodotti di base, poiché andavano nei supermercati, acquistavano in gruppi e svuotavano gli scaffali.
Alla fine, questi prodotti possono essere comprati solo sul mercato nero e i clienti sono le classi abbienti. Ma non gli umili, che devono accontentarsi di dare l’unica cosa che hanno: il tempo. Tempo per stare in fila ore finché non entrano in un supermercato per comprare ciò che è rimasto. Il problema è che senza produzione nazionale, senza cambi e senza credito internazionale, il Venezuela non ha fondi per pagare le importazioni di beni di prima necessità.
Quando si soffre di un’inflazione stimata del 17.000% solo per quest’anno (secondo il Fmi), l’economia si trova in un caos difficile da descrivere. Non vale la pena di essere salvata. Il salvataggio è punito perché ogni bolivar che viene tenuto in un conto corrente perderà il suo valore in pochi giorni.
Banesco, la più grande banca del Paese, offre nei suoi conti di risparmio un tasso di interesse compreso tra il 12 e il 16%, una miseria che mangia un’inflazione annuale del 17.000%.
Il salario minimo è stato aumentato con decreto 44 volte da quando i Chavisti sono saliti al potere nel 1998. Oggi è pari a un milione di bolivar al mese, il che non è abbastanza per comprare il paniere di base che è valutato in 138 milioni di bolivar al mese. I frigoriferi venezuelani sono vuoti e il cibo è stato ridotto a prodotti senza calorie o grassi.
Il quotidiano El Nacional ha pubblicato il 1° maggio l’elenco delle cose che potrebbero essere acquistate con il nuovo salario minimo mensile di un milione di bolivar:
• 1 scatola di tonno da 140 grammi: 1,1 milioni di bolivar
• 1 chilo di pollo con osso e pelle: 1,37 milioni
• 1 chilo di formaggio a fette: 2,8 milioni
• 1 chilo di patate: 679.995 bolivar
• 2 rotoli di carta igienica: 688.000 bolivar
• 12 uova: 526.000 bolivar
Il prezzo di una tazza di caffè, ad esempio, raddoppia ogni mese. A dicembre era di 20.000 bolivar e a gennaio di 45.000 bolivar. Secondo quanto riportato dal sito web nuevaprensa, a metà maggio un caffè in un bar costava 250.000 bolivar, un quarto del salario minimo. E ha aggiunto: “Questo ha fatto sì che i cittadini abbiano lasciato da parte la solita tazza di caffè”. La situazione è così critica, informa il portale, che persino le pompe funebri hanno smesso di servire il caffè ai dolenti. Si tratta ormai di un bene di lusso in un Paese che produceva i suoi chicchi di caffè, finché l’industria non è stata nazionalizzata.
A tutto ciò si aggiunge l’arbitraria politica populista del governo. Lo scorso gennaio, ha improvvisamente decretato che 26 catene di supermercati private riducessero i prezzi dei prodotti. La gente brulicava nei supermercati e iniziava a comprare. Ma al momento di andare in cassa, non sapeva quali fossero stati ridotti, così lasciava parte degli acquisti sugli scaffali.
Tutto questo è stato realizzato in 18 anni di Chavismo. Nazionalizzazione delle imprese, nazionalizzazione dei settori produttivi, persecuzione degli uomini d’affari, detenzione di banchieri, annullamento dell’opposizione, applicazione di politiche economiche errate…
Pertanto, il Paese di Nicolás Maduro vive il paradosso di essere uno dei più ricchi al mondo per le risorse naturali (dal petrolio all’oro o ai metalli), ma uno dei più poveri a causa di una politica economica rovinosa.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1. Children can’t wait. Famine, drought and armed conflict are devastating lives and futures
Famine has already been declared South Sudan and is looming in other countries. Children are suffering from malnutrition and disease and need our help.
2. Children are being hit hardest. Millions are on the verge of starvation
Nearly 1.4 million children are at imminent risk of death this year. In each of the four famine countries and across the sub-regions children will succumb to disease – cholera and measles –which induces severe diarrhea and dehydration.
3. For now, the crisis has a four-country epicenter: Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan, north-east Nigeria
22 million children are hungry, sick, displaced and out of school in the four countries. As violence, hunger and thirst force people to move within and across borders, malnutrition rates will continue to soar not just in these four countries, but also in the Lake Chad basin and the Greater Horn of Africa.
4. Human actions drive the crisis
Prolonged wars and conflict are devastating the lives of millions of children and families and threaten famine. Warring parties are forcing people from their homes, destroying crops and livelihoods, and blocking humanitarian agencies’ efforts to reach those in desperate need with life-saving assistance such as food and clean water. Drought is exacerbating these man-made food crises in parts of Africa, in particular, Somalia and the Horn of Africa.
5. Time is running out
If the situation doesn’t improve, not only do children face the risk of dying from hunger, they also have risks for the future. Severe malnutrition also irreversibly impairs intellectual and physical development, affecting children’s life opportunities. The longer we wait to address these childrens’ needs, the more we jeopardize their future.
- What can you do?
Three things are urgently needed to save hundreds of thousands of lives:
- Call for an end to the human rights violations that are key drivers of the famines
- Demand that all parties to these conflicts allow unimpeded and unconditional access to all children and families in need
- Donate. Funding is urgently needed to enable teams already on the ground to rapidly increase life-saving nutrition, food and water, sanitation and hygiene programmes.
Children cannot wait for yet another famine to be declared before we take action.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>China’s Olympic Machine
A massive investment falls just short. This time.
A few days ago, the NYT’s Hannah Beech described the People’s Republic of China’s massive system designed to win Olympic medals to showcase the regime.
China’s sports assembly line is designed for one purpose: churning out gold medals for the glory of the nation. Silver and bronze barely count. By fielding 413 athletes in Tokyo, the largest number since the Beijing Games in 2008, China aims to land at the top of the gold medal count — even if the Chinese public is increasingly wary of the sacrifices made by individual athletes.
“We must resolutely ensure we are first in gold medals,” Gou Zhongwen, the head of the Chinese Olympic Committee, said on the eve of the Tokyo Olympics.
Rooted in the Soviet model, the Chinese system relies on the state to scout tens of thousands of children for full-time training at more than 2,000 government-run sports schools. To maximize its golden harvest, Beijing has focused on less prominent sports that are underfunded in the West or sports that offer multiple Olympic gold medals.
It’s no coincidence that nearly 75 percent of the Olympic golds China has won since 1984 are in just six sports: table tennis, shooting, diving, badminton, gymnastics and weight lifting. More than two-thirds of China’s golds have come courtesy of female champions, and nearly 70 percent of its Tokyo delegation are women.
Women’s weight lifting, which became a medal sport at the 2000 Sydney Games, was an ideal target for Beijing’s gold medal strategy. The sport is a niche pursuit for most athletic powerhouses, meaning that female lifters in the West must scramble for funding. And with multiple weight classes, weight lifting offers up four potential golds.
For Beijing’s sports czars, it didn’t matter that weight lifting has no mass appeal in China or that the preteen girls funneled into the system had no idea that such a sport even existed. At the weight lifting national team’s training center in Beijing, a giant Chinese flag covers an entire wall, reminding lifters that their duty is to nation, not to self.
Most countries are eager for Olympic glory. The United States and the Soviet Union used the Games as a proxy Cold War battleground. But Beijing’s obsession with gold is tied up in the very founding in 1949 of the People’s Republic of China, which was seen as a revolutionary force that would reverse centuries of decay and defeat by foreign powers.
The first essay that Chairman Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communist revolution, wrote was about the need for a country dismissed as “the sick man of Asia” to develop its muscle.
For decades, though, politics got in the way of Olympic achievement. Because its rival Taiwan competed in the Games as the Republic of China, Beijing boycotted the Summer Games until 1984, when Taiwan was renamed Chinese Taipei for Olympic competition.
In 1988, China won five Olympic golds. Two decades later, when Beijing hosted the Games, it surpassed the United States to top the gold count.
London 2012, though, was a letdown and Rio 2016 a bigger disappointment, as China came in third behind the United States and Britain.
To the extent the “Olympic spirit” and “amateurism” remain a thing, this obviously flies in the face of it. But the Soviets long ago flouted it with their own version of this system and longstanding history of cheating, which the Russians continue with no real consequence. (Their team was banned from these Games but their athletes were allowed to compete as “the Russian Olympic Committee” in national uniforms and with their national anthem played at the medal ceremonies.) And, while the United States doesn’t have anything this draconian, we invest quite a bit in Olympic training.
Even in Communist China, though, people are starting the wonder if the reward is worth the enormous price.
Back at home, sports officials redoubled their efforts, even if a growing number of middle-class parents were unwilling to hand their children to the state for grooming as athletes. China was no longer a desperately poor country where the promise of filled rice bowls made government sports schools alluring. Beijing acknowledged that sports shouldn’t be reserved for elite athletes, that every child deserved to run, play and kick a ball.
And there was growing recognition that for every Olympic champion, tens of thousands of other children would not make it. For these castoff athletes, life is often difficult: little education, damaged bodies, few career prospects outside the sports system.
Still, Beijing continued with its plans, manufacturing programs in taekwondo, canoeing, sailing and more. Children who could stack bullets on the palms of their hands were dispatched to archery. Country girls with impressive wingspans were directed to weight lifting.
“Children from rural areas or from families that are not so good economically, they adapt well to the hardships,” Li, the Beijing sports official, said of the ideal candidate for weight lifting.
Beijing’s focus has been on sports that can be perfected with rote routines, rather than those that involve an unpredictable interplay of multiple athletes. Aside from women’s volleyball, China has never won Olympic gold in a large team sport.
The sacrifices made by China’s Olympians are intense. Academic instruction in sports schools remains paltry, and some world champions share dorm rooms with others. They are lucky to see their family a few times a year.
For female weight lifters, the costs of China’s sports system are that much greater. While divers and gymnasts must share proceeds from endorsement deals with the state, at least they can leverage their success after retirement. But advertisers don’t tend to be drawn to female weight lifters.
There’s a lot more but one gets the idea. It’s a pretty horrific system but, as Breech notes in a follow-up, one that has paid dividends in the just-ended “2020” games. China fell just shy of winning the most gold medals:
The United States has won the most medals at the Tokyo Olympics and will be the only country to take home more than 100. But on the last day of competition, the race for the most gold medals was a tight contest between the United States and
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amenti.
Tutti noi abbiamo diversi tipi di ex nella nostra vita. Vogliamo che non siamo mai usciti, quelli a cui non eravamo veramente interessati, e poi ci sono quelli ... sai, quelli che se ne sono andati. Quelle sono le ex fidanzate che costantemente insinuano nei social media, ci auguriamo di essere accanto, condividendo quei momenti che vediamo da lontano. E trama per come riportare indietro la tua ex ragazza.
Sono effettivamente australiani e sono appena arrivati a Bali. Sono stravolti, vogliono fare colazione e andare a dormire. Finalmente arriva Claudia, la mia compagna di mille avventure in giro per il mondo. Iniziamo la nostra colazione a base di zuppa di noodles e scambiamo due parole con gli australiani: da dove venite, dove andate, vi è piaciuto quel posto, che sogni avete… passiamo una mezz’ora così, a chiacchierare con perfetti sconosciuti come fossero amici fraterni.
Best Answer: Più l'uccello è piccolo più diventa aggressivo. L'unico modo è distrarlo. Ovviamente l'uccello sente la competizione col suo simile. L'unico modo è metterlo in un'altra gabbietta, o accoppiarlo con un'altra uccellina. Magari può essere omosessuale, quindi ti consiglio di farlo accoppiare,magari è nervoso perché è attratto dall'altro uccello.
Ogni volta che si nota che il vostro rapporto è in difficoltà, sedersi e trovare le ragioni che hanno portato alla rottura vostro rapporto. Ed è possibile solo quando si inizia a discutere con il vostro partner e scoprire che cosa rende davvero infelici. Una volta che sai che cosa, senza entrare in alcun argomento, si può iniziare a fare gli sforzi per eliminare tutto ciò che li spinge fuori del rapporto.
Ma ha deciso di lasciarmi perché lei sarebbe via tutta la settimana e ci potremmo vedere solo qualche ora la domenica visti anche i miei studi all università, e vorrebbe passare del tempo anche con genitori e amici, per me non è un problema, assolutamente, sono pronto ad aspettarla tutto il tempo necessario, e vedersi anche per poco, tanto io l amo tantissimo e per me è un problema che si può benissimo affrontare! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA6rEkVtBPI
Oggi ha un buon rapporto con suo padre. Non so se ne avrebbe uno se non avesse combattuto così duramente per tenerla in vita sua. D'altra parte, vedo anche la sua scarsa fiducia e scarsa autostima e capisco esattamente come è avvenuto. Ora ha dei figli suoi e potrebbe allontanare il figlio maggiore da suo padre, ma io non sono in contatto con lei abbastanza da saperlo con certezza. Spero di sicuro che non sia così, ma la PAS tende a ripetersi nelle generazioni successive.
Tutti noi abbiamo diversi tipi di ex nella nostra vita. Vogliamo che non siamo mai usciti, quelli a cui non eravamo veramente interessati, e poi ci sono quelli ... sai, quelli che se ne sono andati. Quelle sono le ex fidanzate che costantemente insinuano nei social media, ci auguriamo di essere accanto, condividendo quei momenti che vediamo da lontano. E trama per come riportare indietro la tua ex ragazza.
Contatta uno studio legale locale di famiglia il prima possibile. Ci saranno molti documenti da archiviare e ostacoli alla manovra, e avrai bisogno di tutto l'aiuto che puoi ottenere. Secondo Nicole Sodoma e Nadia Margherio, custodi di minori e avvocati di diritto di famiglia, "Ricorda che il contenzioso può richiedere molto tempo e che non tutte le azioni archiviate forniscono un rimedio immediato. Inoltre, più a lungo aspetti di presentare un'azione, più è difficile potrebbe essere quello di annullare il danno o il precedente che è stato impostato. "
Andare avanti con un altro ragazzo o più ragazzi non significa che sia una cosa seria. Persone diverse affrontano la fine di una relazione in modi diversi. Un sacco di questo comportamento può essere fatto risalire a non voler sentirsi soli o voler allontanarsi dal flusso costante di emozioni negative. Può anche essere a volte un segnale che una nuova direzione nella vita sarà presa. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7shEBIhMfos<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>دومین تساوی "چلسی" با مالک جدید؛ نبرد "روباه و شیر" برنده نداشت
تیم فوتبال چلسی در دیداری معوقه از هفته 27 رقابت های لیگ برتر مقابل مهمانش به تساوی رضایت داد.
به گزارش اسپوتنیک، تیم های چلسی و لسترسیتی در دیداری عقب افتاده از هفته 27 رقابت های لیگ برتر انگلیُس، بامداد امروز در ورزشگاه خانگی چلسی در لندن به مصاف هم رفتند که این بازی با تساوی 1 بر 1 دو تیم به پایان رسید.
در این بازی ابتدا در دقیقه 6 مدیسون دروازه آبی های لندهن را باز کرد.
این گل اما در دقیقه 34 نیمه اول توسط مارکوس آلونسو جواب داده شد و بازی در نیمه نخست با تساوی 1 بر 1 به پایان رسید.
در ادامه و در نیمه دوم نیز دیگر توپی از خط دروازه ها عبور نکرد و چلسی برای دومین بازی متوالی در خانه از زمان تغییرات مدیریتی و مالک جدید، به تساوی رضایت داد.
چلسی با این تساوی 71 امتیازی شد و در رده سوم جدول باقی ماند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>We all resist changing our beliefs about the world, but what happens when some of those beliefs are based on misinformation? Is there a right way to correct someone when they believe something that's wrong?
Stephen Lewandowsky and John Cook set out to review the science on this topic, and even carried out a few experiments of their own. This effort led to their "Debunker's Handbook", which gives practical, evidence-based techniques for correcting misinformation about, say, climate change or evolution. Yet the findings apply to any situation where you find the facts are falling on deaf ears.
The first thing their review turned up is the importance of “backfire effects” - when telling people that they are wrong only strengthens their belief. In one experiment, for example, researchers gave people newspaper corrections that contradicted their views and politics, on topics ranging from tax reform to the existence of weapons of mass destruction. The corrections were not only ignored – they entrenched people’s pre-existing positions.
Backfire effects pick up strength when you have no particular reason to trust the person you are talking to. This perhaps explains why climate sceptics with more scientific education tend to be the most sceptical that humans are causing global warming.
The irony is that understanding backfire effects requires that we debunk a false understanding of our own. Too often, argue Lewandowsky and Cook, communicators assume a 'deficit model' in their interactions with the misinformed. This is the idea that we have the right information, and all we need to do to make people believe is to somehow "fill in" the deficit in other people's understanding. Just telling people the evidence for the truth will be enough to replace their false beliefs. Beliefs don't work like that.
Psychological factors affect how we process information – such as what we already believe, who we trust and how we remember. Debunkers need to work with this, rather than against if they want the best chance of being believed.
The most important thing is to provide an alternative explanation. An experiment by Hollryn Johnson and Colleen Seifert, shows how to persuade people better. These two psychologists recruited participants to listen to news reports about a fictional warehouse fire, and then answer some comprehension questions.
Some of the participants were told that the fire was started by a short circuit in a closet near some cylinders containing potentially explosive gas. Yet when this information was corrected – by saying the closet was empty – they still clung to the belief.
A follow-up experiment showed the best way to effectively correct such misinformation. The follow-up was similar to the first experiment, except that it involved participants who were given a plausible alternative explanation: that evidence was found that arson caused the fire. It was only those who were given a plausible alternative that were able to let go of the misinformation about the gas cylinders.
Lewandowsky and Cook argue that experiments like these show the dangers of arguing against a misinformed position. If you try and debunk a myth, you may end up reinforcing that belief, strengthening the misinformation in people's mind without making the correct information take hold.
What you must do, they argue, is to start with the plausible alternative (that obviously you believe is correct). If you must mention a myth, you should mention this second, and only after clearly warning people that you're about to discuss something that isn't true.
This debunking advice is also worth bearing in mind if you find yourself clinging to your own beliefs in the face of contradictory facts. You can’t be right all of the time, after all.
Read more about the best way to win an argument.
If you have an everyday psychological phenomenon you'd like to see written about in these columns please get in touch @tomstafford or [email protected]. Thanks to Ullrich Ecker for advice on this topic.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>افزایش استقلال بانک مرکزی در دستور کار دولت روحانیReviewed by Aryan♥ on Aug 13Rating: وزیر پیشنهادی امور اقتصادی و دارایی با اعلام برنامه های دولت تدبیر و امید برای اجرای مرحله دوم هدفمندی یارانه ها و نحوه ادامه روند فعلی اجرای فاز اول، گفت: نارسایی های مزمن در اقتصاد ایران به دلیل فشارهای تورمی تشدید…
علی طیب نیا عصر امروز در جلسه بررسی صلاحیت خود به عنوان وزیر پیشنهادی امور اقتصادی و دارایی در مجلس، برنامه ها و سیاست های اصلی وزارت امور اقتصادی و دارایی را تشریح کرد و گفت: چالشهایی که اقتصاد امروز ایران با آن روبرو است، بزرگ و پیچیده است ولی امید به فضل الهی و عزم دولت تدبیر و امید و حمایت های نمایندگان و ظرفیت های جامعه به مراتب بزرگتر از این چالش ها است.
وزیر پیشنهادی امور اقتصادی و دارایی اظهار داشت: اقتصاد ما از کاستی های ساختاری رنج می برد و اقتصاد مبتنی بر درآمد نفتی، توان اقتصاد و رونق تولید را با آسیب هایی جدی مواجه کرده و همچنین فشارهای ناشی از تحریم، نارسایی های مزمن را در اقتصاد کشور تشدید کرده است.
طیب نیا ادامه داد: تاکید بر بهره وری، اصلاح الگوی مصرف، همت مضاعف و کار مضاعف، جهاد اقتصادی و حمایت از تولید ملی و کار و سرمایه ایرانی و حماسه سیاسی و اقتصادی کلید واژه های هوشمندانه ای است که در کلام مقام معظم رهبری وجود دارد که سامان بخشی به این کاستی ها را جهت می بخشد.
وی ادامه داد: من در این جایگاه شریف اعلام می کنم نیازمند یک اجماع ملی و توافق هستیم که بتوانیم جلوه عزم ملی در سامان بخشی اصولی به اقتصاد کشور و رونق تولید را دنبال کنیم. برای سامان بخشی به اقتصاد و روشن کردن چراغ تولید باید مجموعه وزارت اقتصاد و زیر مجموعه های آن با نگاه راهبردی در این زمینه هم راستا شوند.
وزیر پیشنهادی امور اقتصادی و دارایی تاکید کرد: برای رونق تجارت و کسب و کار نیازمند نظام گمرکی نوین، الکترونیکی و سریع، نظام بانکی خدمتگزار تولید، نظام بیمه ای کارآمد، متنوع و رقابتی، نظام مالیاتی جامعه و شفاف، بازار سرمایه توسعه یافته و ابزارهای متنوع، محیط کسب و کار قانونمند و سرمایه گذاری خارجی کافی، هدایت شده و رو به رشد؛ همچنین بخش خصوصی توانمند و مشارکت کننده هستیم.
طیب نیا همچنین با اشاره به لزوم توسعه بخش خصوصی و ارتقای رقابت پذیری در اقتصاد، کاهش انحصار، بهبود محیط کسب و کار و تاکید بر اجرای اصل 44 در واگذاری بنگاههای دولتی به بخش خصوصی واقعی و توسعه نهادهای حقوقی و سیستم های نظارتی گفت: تحکیم حقوق مالکیت فردی در کنار موارد یاد شده از زمینه های اولویت دار دولت خواهد بود.
وی افزود: در سیاست های مالی حداقل کردن اثر نوسانی درآمد فروش نفت در درآمد دولت، کاهش تراز عملیاتی بودجه دولت، استفاده از منابع صندوق توسعه ملی برای تامین مالی ارزی طرح های سرمایه گذاری، استفاده از درآمد نفت در زیرساخت ها و استقرار نظام بودجه ریزی عملیاتی از راهکارهای دولت خواهد بود.
وزیر پیشنهادی امور اقتصادی و دارایی اظهار داشت: در سیاست های پولی و بانکی افزایش استقلال بانک مرکزی در انتخاب ابزارهای پولی در دستور کار دولت قرار می گیرد. سیاست دولت تدبیر و امید بر کنترل تورم در میان مدت از طریق کنترل نقدینگی است. کنترل پایه پولی از طریق اثرپذیری منابع پولی و کاهش تدریجی بدهی بانک ها به بانک مرکزی از دیگر تصمیمات دولت خواهد بود.
طیب نیا بیان داشت: هدایت پس انداز خانواده ها به بازار سرمایه به همراه کنترل تورم از دیگر تعهدات دولت است، همچنین بهره گیری از عقود مالیه اسلامی، توسعه زمینه های رقابتی و تقویت بازار سرمایه از طریق توسعه ابزارها و روش های تامین مالی مسکن و تشکیل بازار اوراق رهنی و نهاد سامان دهی مطالبات معوق از دیگر برنامه ها است.
وی اظهار داشت: در سیاست های ارزی دولت خود را متعهد می داند با کنترل نقدینگی، نوسانات نرخ ارز را کاهش دهد. سیاست یکسان سازی نرخ ارز همگام با کنترل تورم از دیگر فرآیندهایی است که به اجرا درخواهد آمد.
وزیر پیشنهادی امور اقتصادی و دارایی دستیابی به نرخ حقیقی ارز و توقف نرخ مصنوعی آن را از دیگر برنامه های خود برشمرد و گفت: در بحث هدفمندی یارانه ها سیاست دولت ادامه مرحله اول مطابق قانون و تامین کسری منابع سال جاری از محل احکام قانون بودجه است. در مرحله دوم بعد از اصلاح بازار پولی و ارز و برقراری آرامش در بازارها، همچنین ارزیابی مرحله اول با تاکید بر هدفمندی پرداخت های نقدی و افزایش کارآیی بنگاهها در کنار استفاده از منابع و توسعه نظام اجتماعی به ویژه توسعه بیمه بهداشت و بیمه بیکاری اقدام می شود.
طیب نیا افزود: برای اولین بار پس از انتخاب دکتر روحانی، کارگروهی از اقتصاددانان برجسته تشکیل شد و بر این اساس سند هماهنگی در رویکرد سیاست های اقتصادی و تصمیم گیری در این زمینه ها در زمان اجرا مدنظر قرار می گیرد. از این طریق انتخاب رئیس کل بانک مرکزی نیز انجام می شود.
وی ادامه داد: در صورتی که رای مثبت نمایندگان برای پذیرش این مسئولیت را دریافت کنم خود را متعهد به ارتقای ظرفیت های وزارت اقتصاد برای ایفای این نقش می دانم و در همه حال اجرای قانون را نصب العین خود و مجموعه تحت مدیریت قرار می دهم. از سویی سیاست های کلی نظام به عنوان چارچوب کلان تصمیمات، برنامه ها و فعالیت های وزارت اقتصاد در نظر گرفته می شود.
طیب نیا تعامل فعال با مجلس برای دستیابی به دیدگاههای مشترک را ضرورتی برای توفیق در ساماندهی ماموریت ها دانسته و افزود: عدالت به مفهوم عدالت منطقه ای و بین نسلی را شرط پایداری و بقاء جامعه و معیاری برای سنجش تمام تصمیمات تلقی می کنم.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Normalde cilt kuruluğuna veya hava koşullarındaki değişikliklere bağlı olarak gelişen ancak kızarıklığa neden olmayan ve devam etmeyen kaşıntı, diğer hastalıklarda olduğu gibi, bazı kaşıntı türleri hamilelikte önemli hastalıklara işaret edebilir.
Gebeliğin atopik egzama hastalığı:
Özellikle eklem bölgelerinin iç yüzeylerini tutan ve genellikle daha önce alerjik atopik yapıya sahip kişilerde görülen kızarıklık ve şişlikle birlikte cilt lezyonlarıdır. Çok kaşıntılı bir hastalıktır. Genellikle birinci ve ikinci trimesterde görülme eğilimindedir.
Gebeliğin pemfigoid hastalığı:
Özellikle gebeliğin son dönemlerinde görülebilen, göbek, kol ve bacak çevresinde görülen, kaşıntılı, kurdeşen benzeri şişlikler bulunan lezyonlar vardır. Genellikle doğumla birlikte düzelir.
Gebeliğin polimorfik erüpsiyonu:
Genellikle ilk gebeliklerde ortaya çıkan ve doğumla birlikte kaybolan iyi huylu ve hafif kaşıntılı bir hastalıktır. Ürtikere benzer lezyonlara sahiptir. Bağışıklık sisteminin gebeliğe cevabı olarak gelişir. Özellikle karın ve göğüs çevresini tutar.
Gebelik kolestazı:
Gebelikte sonuçları açısından en önemli kaşıntı nedenidir.
-Diğer kaşıntı sebeplerinin aksine ciltte döküntü, kabarıklık, kızarıklık oluşmaz.
-Kaşıntı orta-ileri düzeydedir.
-Özellikle avuçlarda ve tabanlarda kaşıntı olması tipiktir.
-Genellikle gebeliğin ikinci ve üçüncü 3 aylık döneminde görülür.
-Safra kesesinde tıkanıklık yarattığı için safra asitlerinin yükselmesi tanı açısından önemlidir.
-Gebelik kolestazı; erken doğum, gelişme geriliği ve maalesef bazen de anne karnında bebeğin kaybedilmesi ile ilişkili olabilir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>13 Haziran 2004 21:00
İşkenceye üstler onay verdi
Bağdat'ta bulunan
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The payday lender then may offer a new loan to pay back the old one, with a fresh set of fees and interest. With few or no other options, the borrower may accept the additional loan.
This is one of the worst aspects of predatory lending, “loan churning,” which traps the borrower in a constant cycle of paying fees and interest without making a dent in the original loan’s principal amount owed. Ninety-four percent of borrowers repeat payday loans, receiving an average of 10 payday loans per year, according to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB).
Most payday loans have an average APR of 400 percent. These extremely high interest rates rapidly increase the debt owed, making it all but impossible to repay over time.
What are the tell-tale signs of a predatory lender?
Predatory lending could exist in any loan situation. So whether you’re looking for a new credit card, refinancing your mortgage, or shopping around for a short-term loan, you need to be skeptical and evaluate the lender to ensure they are not involved in predatory practices.
Before taking out any type of loan, ask yourself these questions to make sure you aren’t being misled:
Does the loan seem too good to be true?
Then it probably is. Although you may get money put into your bank account within a day, it could be at a high price: an exorbitant interest rate plus fees. This can set you up for a vicious circle of continuous debt.
Does the lender care if you can’t repay the loan?
Reputable lenders assess the risk of giving you a loan by first doing a credit check, which tells them your debt and repayment history. However, predatory lenders might forgo a credit check because your ability to pay back the loan isn’t going to determine whether or not they provide you with a loan. They may push you to take out more than you need, or roll old loans into new ones.
How much will it actually cost to borrow the money?
If the lender makes it difficult to see how much will be paid in principal and interest over the life of the loan, then this is a red flag. Trusted lenders are transparent with the final amounts owed—including service fees, late fees, possible payment penalties, and other charges. By law, lenders are required to provide the loan’s annual percentage rate (APR), which is the sum of the interest rate and upfront fees.
Most payday loans have an average APR of 400 percent. These extremely high interest rates end up rapidly increasing the debt owed, which then becomes all but impossible to repay over time. Sometimes hidden in the fine print are fees for items such as document preparation, appraisals, and the like—and at significantly higher fee rates than those charged by reputable lenders.
Are automatic electronic payments required?
While automatic payments can be very convenient and are a common practice used by reputable lenders, being required to give a lender access to your bank account can be a red flag. A predatory lending company may make a payment request before a paycheck clears, thus causing overdraft fees.
Will this loan help build your credit score?
Any time you take out a loan, it can be an opportunity to try to improve your credit score by showing you are repaying the amount you borrowed in a timely fashion. But the lender needs to report your repayments to the three credit bureaus. If a lender won’t report your repayments to any of the three credit bureaus, that can also be a red flag.
Is the lender offering additional, unnecessary products?
Much like the upsell of a warranty on a new stereo, predatory lenders may pack the loan with unnecessary upsells that add costs to the loan. One example is credit insurance: if a borrower dies, this guarantees loan repayment. Although this may offer peace of mind in some circumstances, it is more likely that it simply increases the amount you will owe the lender.
Does the lender have a state-issued license?
Sometimes a predatory lender takes the risk of providing a loan, yet they may not be licensed in a borrower’s home state. This can make the loan void. Always check with the state’s regulatory board that oversees financial institutions.
Do borrowers have legal protection from predatory lending?
There are a few legal protections for borrowers regarding these types of predatory actors. The most important one is the right of rescission—turning down the loan after signing papers. The lender has the borrower sign a Notice of Rescission form detailing the right to rescind the loan within a three-day time frame. If a lender hasn’t provided this notice (or the notice contains errors) then the loan documents are not legally binding and the borrower has up to three years to rescind the agreement.
In 2017, the CFPB instituted a few simple rules to better protect consumers from predatory practices, including limits to the number of loans available to a borrower at one time and requirements that lenders vet borrowers to ensure they can pay back the loan. However, implementation of these rules was delayed and (as of April, 2020) they may be scrapped altogether.
How to avoid predatory lending
Although anyone can suddenly find themselves in dire financial straits and overwhelmed about what to do, getting involved with a predatory lending company will most likely make a bad financial situation worse. So before you sign on for any loan, it’s important to:
Check the license/accreditation, starting with local institutions for verification and state licenses
Make sure the lender is trustworthy by reading customer reviews and complaints
Read all loan terms thoroughly and take note of fees, late charges, and the like
Understand that online lenders are regulated differently than traditional lenders and could offer fewer protections for a borrower
How to pay off debt without a loan
If you are looking for a loan specifically to pay off debt but can’t qualify for a traditional loan, you don’t have to take the risk of dealing with a potentially predatory company. There are other options, depending on debt type, debt amount, income, and financial personality. Keeping these in mind, consider these four other ways for dealing with debt:
Predatory lending companies provide money, but they also charge very high interest rates that someone on financial thin ice would have difficulty paying.
1. Enroll in a debt management plan through credit counseling
A certified credit counselor could offer you pre-negotiated, lower interest rates with your creditors if you enroll into their debt management program (DMP) program. Once enrolled, you will make a single monthly payment to the credit counseling DMP service, then they distribute the money to your creditors. Through this option, you will pay back the debt plus the DMP service fees.
2. Enroll in a debt settlement program
Debt settlement, also known as debt negotiation or debt relief, can lower the principal amount owed. Each month, you will make a deposit into an FDIC-insured bank account. Once the funds grow large enough, the debt settlement company negotiates with your creditor and may be able to get them to accept less than the full amount owed to consider the debt resolved.
3. Pay debts with your home equity
If you own your home, then it may be possible to get a home equity line of credit (HELOC) or refinance a mortgage and use the excess cash to pay off debt. Depending on the interest rate you get, you could save a lot of money over the life of the debt. Plus, this option simplifies all debt payments into one each month.
But refinancing a home to get out of debt comes with risks. Since your home is the collateral on this loan, you could be foreclosed on and could lose your house if you can’t make the monthly payments. Also, this option will add years to the life of your mortgage—an important concern for people who are preparing to retire and will be living on a fixed income.
4. Declare bankruptcy
This is truly a last resort for getting out of debt, it is usually best to speak with a bankruptcy lawyer first. Depending on the situation and the type of bankruptcy filed—Chapter 7 or Chapter 13—this may offer an opportunity to protect some assets from forfeiture. Bankruptcy stays on your credit report for seven to 10 years and will damage your credit score. Additionally, you will have limited access credit; so in order to rebuild credit, you may need to use secured credit cards.
Find the right debt solution for your needs
There are many different ways to solve a debt problem, but turning to a predatory lending company isn’t usually a good option. If you’re struggling with debt, it might be time to try a new approach. Freedom Debt Relief will help you understand your options for dealing with your debt, including our debt relief program. Our Certified Debt Consultants can help you find a legitimate and transparent solution that will put you on the right path. Find out if you qualify right now.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Research article
- Open Access
Intragenic tandem repeat variation between Legionella pneumophila strains
© Coil et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
- Received: 22 April 2008
- Accepted: 10 December 2008
- Published: 10 December 2008
Bacterial genomes harbour a large number of tandem repeats, yet the possible phenotypic effects of those found within the coding region of genes are only beginning to be examined. Evidence exists from other organisms that these repeats can be involved in the evolution of new genes, gene regulation, adaptation, resistance to environmental stresses, and avoidance of the immune system.
In this study, we have investigated the presence and variability in copy number of intragenic tandemly repeated sequences in the genome of Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of a severe pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. Within the genome of the Philadelphia strain, we have identified 26 intragenic tandem repeat sequences using conservative selection criteria. Of these, seven were "polymorphic" in terms of repeat copy number between a large number of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. These strains were collected from a wide variety of environments and patients in several geographical regions. Within this panel of strains, all but one of these seven genes exhibited statistically different patterns in repeat copy number between samples from different origins (environmental, clinical, and hot springs).
These results support the hypothesis that intragenic tandem repeats could play a role in virulence and adaptation to different environments. While tandem repeats are an increasingly popular focus of molecular typing studies in prokaryotes, including in L. pneumophila, this study is the first examining the difference in tandem repeat distribution as a function of clinical or environmental origin.
- Tandem Repeat
- Variable Number Tandem Repeat
- Intragenic Repeat
- Repeat Copy Number
- Yeast Extract Broth
Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are increasingly widely used as molecular markers in prokaryotes. More recently, attention has turned towards examining the possible functional significance of these tandem repeats, especially that of microsatellites, which are often found outside coding regions, [1–7]. Moreover, the biological significance of intragenic tandem repeats, located within coding regions, has been demonstrated for particular genes [8–11]. With the explosion of available bacterial genomic sequences it has become clear that most, if not all, bacterial genomes contain a considerable number of intragenic tandem repeats [12, 13]. The finding that intragenic tandem repeats are so widespread in prokaryotes suggests that the few cases documented so far may be only the tip of the iceberg and that some of the many uncharacterized tandem repeats in bacteria possibly play functional roles in pathogenesis and/or in adaptation to environmental stresses.
Here we have investigated the presence and distribution of tandemly repeated sequences in the genome of the opportunistic pathogen, Legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of Legionnaires' disease. This microorganism flourishes naturally in fresh water environments, but is also frequently found in artificial water systems, which are considered the main source of Legionella infections in humans . The L. pneumophila species comprises over 15 serogroups, of which serogroup 1 is responsible for the majority of human infections. While these Gram-negative bacteria can multiply free-living in culture, it is now widely accepted that intracellular replication in amoebic hosts such as Acanthamoeba, Naegleria, or Hartmanella is essential for the propagation and dissemination of L. pneumophila . Industrial settings, altered lifestyle, and a growing number of elderly and immunocompromised individuals have led to an increase in number of reported L. pneumophila infections, which occur following inhalation of contaminated aerosols. When L. pneumophila reach the lungs, they are ingested by alveolar macrophages wherein they replicate and which they finally destroy. Ultimately host cell lysis and cell death, as well as the extracellular or surface-associated action of bacterial degradative enzymes, result in damage of lung tissue. L. pneumophila infections end in an acute and severe, often fatal, pneumonia, if not quickly and correctly diagnosed.
Two recent studies have examined tandem repeats in L. pneumophila as a way to discriminate between closely related strains. However, these studies have not differentiated between intergenic and intragenic repeats [16, 17]. In addition, researchers studying individual virulence factors in L. pneumophila have noted the presence of repeats in these genes, and have suggested possible functional roles for the repeats [18, 19]. In this study, we have identified and characterized the tandem repeat variations between 115 strains of L. pneumophila serogroup 1, collected from a wide variety of environments and patients.
Origin of bacterial strains and growth conditions
Lab strains 130 b (Klaus Heuner, University of Wurzburg, Germany), Corby (K. Heuner), Lens (Carmen Buchreiser, Institut Pasteur, and CNRS URA, France), and Paris (C. Buchreiser), were obtained from the indicated labs and the Philadelphia strain was obtained from the American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC). Strains S03, S1, S18, S3, S32, S66, S71, and S88 were isolated via filtration and selective plating from natural water sources collected at different sites throughout Belgium (kind gift of Dr. Priscilla Declerck, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium)(unpublished). Strains IMC 1, 5, 16, and 23 were isolated from water taps, air conditioning units, and incubators in a pediatric hospital in Portugal (kind gift of Dr. Milton S. da Costa, University of Coimbra, Portugal) . The 12 "LEA/LE" strains were isolated and serotyped in our laboratory from heat or acid treated swimming water samples (natural and manmade) collected throughout Belgium (kind gift of Dr. Rudy Calders, Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium). The 18 "L" strains were isolated from various manmade environmental water sources (cooling towers, air conditioning units, pipes, irrigation hydrants, showers, water tanks, and fountains) in Spain (kind gift of Dr. Fernando Gonzalez Candelas, University of Valencia, Spain) [21, 22]. Strains MGAS-357, MGAS-637, and MGAS-670 were isolated from sputum samples of sporadic clinical infection cases in Belgium (kind gift of Dr. Jan Verhaegen, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Belgium)(unpublished). Strain HRD-4 was isolated from a sputum samples in Portugal (Dr. Milton S. da Costa)(unpublished). Strains give the "BEL" designation were isolated from sputum samples of clinical infections during three different outbreaks of Legionella in Belgium (kind gift of Dr. Marc Struelens, Free University of Brussels, Belgium)(unpublished). Strains ITA-5 and ITA-12 represent two unrelated community-acquired Legionella infections from Italy (kind gift of Dr. Isabella Marchesi, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy)( and unpublished). The 33 "HL" and 6 "LG" strains were isolated from sporadic, epidemic, and endemic patient infections throughout France (National Reference Center on Legionellae, Lyon, France) ([24, 25] and unpublished). The 17 "hot springs" strains (ALF, ED, IZ, NMEX, SG) were isolated from boreholes and hot spring runoffs in Portugal and the U.S.A. with a median temperature of 42°C (Dr. Milton S. da Costa)[26, 27].
Unless otherwise described, all established L. pneumophila strains were grown at 37°C and 5% CO2 in buffered yeast extract broth containing α-ketoglutarate (BYE-α) or on buffered charcoal yeast extract broth plates containing α-ketoglutarate (BCYE-α) and supplemented with L-cysteine and ferric pyrophosphate . All strains were stored as glycerol stocks at -80°C and thawed fresh for genomic DNA isolations. For "stress" experiments, cultures of the Philadelphia strain were grown on BCYE-α plates (replated every 3–4 days) at 27°C, 37°C (without CO2), 37°C (with CO2) and 42°C (without CO2) for three months. This work was carried out with permission of the K.U. Leuven Biosafety Council and according to the EU directive 93/88 and 90/219/EC.
Genomic DNA isolation
Strains were grown overnight in a 5 ml culture of BYE-α. Genomic DNA was isolated from 1 ml of this culture using a Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The integrity of the DNA was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis.
PCR and sequencing
PCR primers were designed using the Primer3 software and chosen based on regions of high similarity (if possible) between the published Philadelphia, Lens, and Paris strain sequences (see Additional File 1). PCR was performed using SuperTaq DNA polymerase (HT Biotechnology) in 50 μl reaction volumes. Initial denaturation at 94°C for 2 min was followed by 30 cycles of denaturation at 94°C for 30 s, annealing at 45°C for 45 s, and elongation at 72°C for 2 min. The final extension step was 2 min at 72°C. Products were visualized on 1% agarose gels for initial characterization. For sequencing the repeat regions directly, a larger portion of the gene was amplified from each strain and the repeat region was sequenced by VIB Genetic Service Facility, Antwerp, Belgium. Repeats were counted from these sequences using "Tandem Repeats Finder". Sequence-based typing of all strains except for L430–L2006 was performed using the seven gene method as previously described [31, 32]. Strains L430–L2006 were already typed using the older six gene method [21, 22].
In silico screening of the Legionella pneumophila genome for intragenic tandemly repeated sequences
Genes containing intragenic tandem repeat arrays in the Philadelphia strain
Length of repeat (bp)
Hsp60, 60 K H eat s hock p rotein
Cop per efflux A TPase copA2
TPR repeat protein
TPR repeat protein
TPR repeat protein
Transmembrane Tfp pilus assembly protein FimV
TPR repeat protein
TPR repeat protein
30S Ribosomal protein S1
Arginine 3rd transport system periplasmic binding protein ArtJ
UV B-r esistance protein UVR8
TPR repeat protein, protein-pro
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割夫妻共同财产时，也应对无过错方予以照顾。上述规定对违反夫妻忠实义务细化的具体规则均可以作为民事裁判的依据，共同保障夫妻忠实义务立法目的的实现。
【审判实践中应注意的问题】
夫妻之间自愿签订的“忠诚协议书”应当如何处理？
此问题是近年来司法实践的重点和难点问题。比如下面这个案例：曾某与贾某某是再婚夫妻，2016年6月，夫妻俩签署了一份“忠诚协议书”。协议约定：双方应当互敬互爱，对家庭、配偶、子女要有道德感和责任感。若一方在婚姻期间由于道德品质的问题，出现背弃另一方的不道德行为，要赔偿对方名誉损失及精神损失费30万元。签订“忠诚协议书”一年后，曾某出轨并向法院提起离婚诉讼，贾某某以曾某违反“忠诚协议书”为由，诉请法院判令曾某支付赔偿金30万元。法院经审理认为，曾某与贾某某在自愿基础上订立的“忠诚协议书”有效，且曾某出轨事实清楚，已经违背了夫妻间关于彼此忠实的约定。对于夫妻间的“忠诚协议书”，由于没有违反法律的规定，应予以认可。故判决曾某支付贾某某30万元赔偿金，其他夫妻共同财产按照法律规定予以分割。近年来，以违反夫妻忠诚协议为由诉请支付违约金或者损害赔偿的案例并不鲜见，也引起了极大的争论。主要有以下几种观点：
第一种观点认为，这个案件本身说明我们公民的权益意识在增强，不仅关注社会生活中的权益，对自己在婚姻家庭领域的权益也密切关注，这是社会进步的表现。夫妻“忠诚协议”并不违法，因为夫妻忠实本来就是法律规定的内容，属于法律的明确要求，协议双方等于把法定义务转变成了明确具体的约定义务，法院应当予以认可。“忠诚协议”符合婚姻法的基本精神，是对法律关于“夫妻应当互相忠实”规定的具体化，也正是由于夫妻签订了具体的协议，使得法律上原则性的夫妻忠实义务具有了可诉性。虽然违反夫妻忠实义务尚未达到“重婚”“与他人同居”等严重程度的一方应当如何承担相应责任，现行法律未作具体规定，但是，法律也未明文禁止当事人自行约定，“忠诚协议”的约定与婚姻法的基本精神相吻合，约定的赔偿金属于违约赔偿性质，这种协议应当受到法律保护。
第二种观点认为，婚姻本身即契约，一方在背叛对方之前，就得考虑违约所要付出的成本。只是在没有具体协议约束的情况下，双方承担的是道德义务，而道德成本对于个人来说是隐形的，是不确定的。一旦签订了协议，就将隐形化的道德成本显性化了，当事人很可能就会三思而行。从这个意义上，忠诚协议对于维系婚姻稳定将起到积极作用。
第三种观点认为，《婚姻法》和《民法典》婚姻家庭编规定“夫妻应当相互忠实”而非“必须忠实”，“应当”意在提倡，只有“必须”才是法定义务。法律允许夫妻对财产关系进行约定，但不允许通过协议来设定人身关系。人身权是法定的，不能通过合同来调整。
第四种观点认为，夫妻之间签订的“忠诚协议书”虽不违法、无效，但这种协议应由当事人本着诚信原则自觉履行，法院不能赋予“忠诚协议”强制执行力。因为“忠诚协议”要获得法院赋予的强制执行力，必须经过一系列的查证举证程序，法院审理这类“忠诚协议”案件，必然会面临一个尴尬而危险的举证困境和一系列社会负面影响，应当考虑赋予“忠诚协议”强制执行效力的巨大社会成本。“西方国家的社会学调查统计资料表明，婚外性关系的发生率一般在40%上下，中国的这一发生率可能要低得多，但是即使只有20%的人搞婚外恋，这一法律执行起来的调查取证工作量也会达到天文数字。而如果一项法律设定而不执行，就会成为有名无实的法律。”李银河：《在修改婚姻法时要警惕倒退》，载李银河、马忆南主编：《婚姻法修改论争》，光明日报出版社1999年版，第110页。
从上述不同的观点可以看出，对这个问题的争议涉及社会、伦理、法律等多个层面，应该说每种观点均有一定的道理。本条并不包括上述所举案例的情况，针对的是双方并未签订具体的所谓“忠诚协议”，其中一方仅就对方违反《民法典》第1043条规定而向法院提起诉讼的情形。对于双方签订“忠诚协议”的情况，需要进一步总结审判实践经验，进行类型化分析。如果是以限制人身自由和人格尊严为条件的财产分割协议，则不宜以此作为分割夫妻共同财产或确定子女抚养权归属的依据，但在离婚分割夫妻共同财产时，应综合考虑婚姻关系中各自的付出、过错方的过错程度和对婚姻破裂的消极影响，对无过错方酌情予以照顾，平衡双方利益，以裁判树立正确的价值导向。同时，需要特别考虑《民法典》对于婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议确立了新的规则，即第464条第2款规定的“婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用有关该身份关系的法律规定；没有规定的，可以根据其性质参照适用本编规定。”鉴于此，夫妻双方签订的“忠诚协议”是否可以适用《民法典》合同编关于违约责任的规定，则需要认真对待。
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----《民法典》“夫妻忠诚协议”的效力认定
夫妻之间以保持相互忠诚、关爱等伦理与情感理想状态作为标的的协议已不罕见。这类协议往往还包含若一方违反相关义务，则应向对方支付一定金钱等财产赔偿的“违约责任”约定。在我国民法典颁布前，此类协议的法律效力，尤其是其中“违约责任”是否能够获得法律上的强制力存在不少争议。
少数法院在支持性判决中认为，既然法律未禁止当事人之间就忠诚形成约定，那夫妻之间真实自愿签订的忠诚协议就应有效，这是对婚姻法中抽象的夫妻忠实义务的具体化，“符合婚姻法的原则和精神”。那么用于确保忠诚义务履行的“违约金”也应受到法律的保护。
对于此类判决的关键质疑在于：婚姻法并无对夫妻“忠诚协议”调整性条款;忠诚协议的违约责任不属于婚姻法第46条规定的“因一方有过错导致离婚，无过错方有权请求损害赔偿”的情形。更为关键的是，根据合同法第2条第二款“婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用其他法律规定”，夫妻忠诚协议虽有合同之形，却被明确排除出合同法调整范围，无法援用其违约责任制度。因此，夫妻忠诚协议虽不违法，但因处于婚姻法与合同法调整范围之外，法院不应受理因相关纠纷提起的诉讼，而任由当事人自愿履行有关协议。为此，上海市高院还曾专门出台意见强调：严格执行最高人民法院《关于适用(中华人民共和国婚姻法)若干问题的解释(一)》的规定，对当事人仅以婚姻法第四条为依据提起诉讼的，人民法院不予受理;对夫妻双方签有忠诚协议，一方仅以对方违反忠实义务为由起诉要求对方履行协议或支付违约金及赔偿损失的，法院不予受理;之前已审结并发生法律效力的相关案件不再调整。
但情况似乎随着我国民法典的颁布而发生了变化。民法典合同编第464条第二款规定“婚姻、收养、监护等有关身份关系的协议，适用有关该身份协议的法律规定;没有规定的，可以根据其性质参照适用本编规定”。鉴于民法典婚姻家庭编仍未就夫妻忠诚协议进行规定，那是否可“根据其性质”参照适用合同编而获得法律效力?
问题的关键在于夫妻忠诚协议是否具有可参照合同编的“性质”。虽然民法典婚姻家庭编第1043条规定“夫妻应当互相忠实，互相尊重，互相关爱”，相互忠实不仅是夫妻的法定义务，该义务的违反还可能引起某些严重不利后果，但这种后果的量化与落实的时间聚焦在离婚之时。即在夫妻共有财产分割中照顾无过错方、在无过错方向过错方提起离婚损害赔偿时，作为离婚的必要清算手段出现。婚姻法纵然衷心祝福夫妻相互关爱忠诚，但对婚内情感与忠贞的具体实现也只能顺其自然，不能以维持婚姻为目的以法律手段“强制”夫妻相互忠诚，不能在不解除婚姻的前提下根据夫妻一方的要求对“不忠”的另一方施以惩罚。这也就是最高人民法院《关于适用(中华人民共和国婚姻法)若干问题的解释(一)》中“对当事人仅以婚姻法第四条为依据提起诉讼的，人民法院不予受理”的由来。
申言之，夫妻忠诚协议的效力取决于其所约定“违约责任”的具体目的，及其量化与落实的时点。若“违约责任”是为了督促双方保持忠贞而维持婚姻，那这种忠诚协议多属于其“性质”不能参照合同法有关制度的类型。因为婚姻法同样不能在不解除婚姻的前提下通过执行忠诚协议中违约责任的方式，强制夫妻相互之间忠诚的实现。但是，若该“违约责任”本无意维持婚姻，而是指向离婚之时的过错赔偿，那忠诚协议实为夫妻双方就特定婚内过错在将来离婚之时的赔偿核算方法、标准或数额的预先商定，在不存在欺诈、胁迫等意思表示瑕疵的情况下可作为夫妻离婚协议的组成部分，获得法律上的效力。
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----如何区别夫妻忠诚协议、夫妻离婚协议、夫妻财产约定？
在现实生活中，人们会经常听说“夫妻财产约定”、“离婚协议”和“忠诚协议”的问题，那么这三者有什么区别，并会产生什么效力呢？
一、关于“夫妻财产约定”的问题。
《民法典》第一千零六十五条规定：“男女双方可以约定婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产归各自所有、共同所有或者部分各自所有、部分共同所有。约定应当采用书面形式。没有约定或者约定不明确的，适用本法第一千零六十二条、第一千零六十三条的规定。”“夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产的约定，对双方具有法律约束力。”“夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产约定归各自所有，夫或者妻一方对外所负的债务，相对人知道该约定的，以夫或者妻一方的个人财产清偿。”
（一）签订夫妻财产约定，必须注意以下几个方面：
1、夫妻签订财产约定，必须尊重当事人真实自愿的原则，任何在欺诈、协迫情形签订的约定都是效的。
2、约定应当采取书面形式。《民法典》第一千零六十五条规定约定应当采用书面形式，因此，口头或其他形式的绝不符合法律规定。
3、约定的内容应当清晰明确，没有歧义。如果约定不明，适用《民法典》第一千零六十二条、第一千零六十三条的规定。
（二）夫妻财产约定产生的效力：
1、内部效力：夫妻对婚姻关系存续期间所得的财产以及婚前财产的约定，对双方具有法律约束力，任何一方违反财产约定应当承担相应的违约责任。
2、外部效力：夫妻财产约定制分别不同情况对作为债权人的第三人产生不同效力：
（1）作为债权人的第三人知道债务人夫妻财产约定的，以夫或者妻一方的个人财产清偿。
（2）作为债权人的第三人对夫妻双方的财产约定一无所知或者夫妻双方为了逃避债务故意捏造夫妻财产约定的，夫妻财产约定不能对抗第三人。
二、关于“离婚协议”的问题：
《民法典》第一千零七十六条规定：“夫妻双方自愿离婚的，应当签订书面离婚协议，并亲自到婚姻登记机关申请离婚登记。”“离婚协议应当载明双方自愿离婚的意思表示和对子女抚养、财产以及债务处理等事项协商一致的意见。”这是我国离婚协议的有关法律规定。
（一）形成离婚协议但没有办理离婚手续，该协议是否可以作为诉请离婚的判案依据？
离婚协议生效的前提是在双方办理了离婚登记或在法院协议离婚之后，如果是已经签订好的离婚协议，在没有办理离婚手续之前，一方反悔的离婚协议就不发生效力，任何一方都有权利对于离婚协议中涉及的财产分割、子女抚养进行反悔。
最高人民法院在（2013）民再申字第8号民事裁定书中认为：“关于离婚协议财产分割的效力及俞舜华应否对钟弘婞再予补偿的问题。经查，本案离婚协议虽由双方签订，但二人并未据此办理离婚手续，而是通过法院判决离婚。据此，双方离婚协议有关财产分割的约定，在婚姻关系未解除的情况下，在诉讼中仅可作为证据使用，并不能直接作为法院裁判的依据。”
（二）双方办理离婚手续，但一方拒不执行离婚协议的，另一方是否可以向人民法院起诉该方按协议履行？
先看有关的法律规定：
(1)《民法典》第五百零九条规定:“当事人应当按照约定全面履行自己的义务。”“当事人应当遵循诚信原则，根据合同的性质、目的和交易习惯履行通知、协助、保密等义务。”“当事人在履行合同过程中，应当避免浪费资源、污染环境和破坏生态。”
（2）《民法典》第一千零七十六条规定：“夫妻双方自愿离婚的，应当签订书面离婚协议，并亲自到婚姻登记机关申请离婚登记。”“离婚协议应当载明双方自愿离婚的意思表示和对子女抚养、财产以及债务处理等事项协商一致的意见。”
（3）《民法典》第一千零八十七条规定：“离婚时，夫妻的共同财产由双方协议处理；协议不成的，由人民法院根据财产的具体情况，按照照顾子女、女方和无过错方权益的原则判决。”“对夫或者妻在家庭土地承包经营中
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从技术层面来说，Lambda 等无服务器计算服务，实际采用的就是已经很成熟的容器技术。只是 Lambda 使用了 AWS 自研的 Firecracker 技术，更快速并且更安全。 本篇介绍到这里，后续会有更多关于Lambda以及其他「无服务器」服务的简介，欢迎继续关注。
使用Python访问AWS S3 所以在我的s3中,我有一个“云”存储
我将原始文件名存储在自己的数据库中。当用户单击以从我的Web应用程序下载文件时，我想返回其原始文件名，但是目前他们所获得的只是
node futures import ThreadPoolExecutor import threading from u
求助，如何从 aws s3 上下载文件？ UN2758 · 2017-12-06 16:45:50 +08:00 · 6670 次点击 这是一个创建于 1190 天前的主题，其中的信息可能已经有所发展或是发生改变。
在本地计算机上解压缩您下载的存档。 在 Chrome 中打开 AWS 管理控制台。选择服务，然后选择“存储”下的 S3。 选择您在上一步创建的存储桶，并确保您正在浏览的是 概述 选项卡。 打开 Windows 文件资源管理器或 macOS Finder，找到第一步中下载的 Zip 文件的展开
用于访问 Lambda 中图像的示例 API 的 OpenAPI 文件 从 Lambda 下载图像 将图像上传到 Lambda AWS 文档中描述的 AWS 服务或功能可能因区域而异。 要查看适用于中国区域的差异，请参阅 中国的 AWS 服务入门 。
您可以将对象复制到另一个存储桶、设置标记或访问控制列表 (ACL)，从 Glacier 启动还原，或在每个存储上调用 AWS Lambda 函数。 此功能基于 S3 对清单报告的现有支持（请阅读我的 S3 存储管理更新博文以了解更多信息）构建，并可使用报告或 CSV 文件来驱动批量
用于访问 Amazon S3 中图像的示例 API 的 OpenAPI 文件 js 函数的 process txt amazon avi ├─(2) 02 python s3 day41 JS的基础规范 Django Lambda Gateway Interface avi ├─(5) 05 python s3 day41 JS的控制语句与
Lambda，AWS和Python的自动化管理操作 - 自动Resize S3上传的图片 beanxyz 关注 3 人评论 1454人阅读 2019-10-12 19:45:26 这节来学习一个经典的案例，这个案例我在三个不同的培训视频里面都看见过，不知道最初的原创者是谁 :)
您可以使用 AWS SDK for JavaTransferManager 类可靠地将文件从本地环境传输到 Amazon S3 并将对象从一个 S3 位置复制到另一个 S3 位置。TransferManager 可获取传输进度，并且能够暂停或恢复上传和下载。
近日项目需要使用AWS S3的API实现文件的上传和下载功能，才发现网上关于 我想使用lambda从外部s3帐户下载备份文件。我有访问密钥ID，秘密访问密钥，存储桶名称和区域名称。
how to download s3 file from s3 only once in aws lambda java我正在创建aws lambda函数，该函数将下载s3文件并根据每次收到的事件对其进行处理。但是我不
以下OpenAPI 文件显示了一个示例API，阐明了如何从Amazon S3 下载图像文件以及如何将图像文件上传到Amazon S3。此API 公开了下载和上传指定图像文件
B) 使用AWS Lambda 将数据转换为表格格式，并写入到Amazon S3 中。 5) B — 配置自定义JAR 步骤以便从Amazon S3 存储桶下载JAR 文件并执行。
上传lambda压缩包：[链接] 使用go来调用lambda函数： [链接] const AWS = require('aws-sdk') const s3Zip = require('s3-zip') exports txt js AWS S3上传永不调用结束功能 windows - 网络共享文件夹上的GIT存储库中的并发 windows - 本机退出时使用代码:-1073741510(0xc000013a)，同时使用主要检查功能 java - 使用
2019-9-11 · aws-lambda之异步实现文件的下载 上传 weixin_34279184的博客 07-21 304 import asyncio import time from concurrent net实现该功能的文章不多，有几篇也都是很老版本的AWS的使用描述了，写法和封装的类等等都基本上报废了。虽然这样，但还是很感谢那几篇文章，给我指点了方向。
此方案比较简单，但是， Lambda 容器 /tmp目录只有512MB，更大的 S3 文件不能下载。 如果采用 Stream 流的方式，大文件很容易把 Lambda 内存用尽。 并且，海外到中国的网络如果不稳定，传输中断，文件复制失败，没有任务监控和重新传输的机制 DynamoDB, Amazon S3, Amazon ECS, Amazon EKS, and AWS Lambda, and 模块具体操作步骤： 安装nginx （1）下载第三方扩展模块nginx-rtmp-module （2）
我正在尝试使用以下代码将文件从Amazon S3存储桶下载到本地，但出现错误消息“无法找到凭证”
AWS Lambda 随后会使用相应语言所支持的标准 API（如适用于 Node library 11 and size, compares that to what has already been uploaded in AWS S3 and if the file is believed to be different or new, it gets uploaded to AWS S3 AM Amazon Athena Engine Upgrades, Support for Lambda Expressions, and 12，你必须从Parquet项目中下载Parquet Hive 安装包。
从AWS的S3上下载文件到本地(java)，代码先锋网，一个为软件开发程序员提供代码片段和技术文章聚合的网站。
您可以使用aws s3 api获取图像，然后使用fs将其写入tmp文件夹。 var params = { Bucket: "BUCKET_NAME", Key: "OBJECT_KEY" }; s3 m2文件夹，是为了避免maven每次编译项目时都重新下载jar包。
In this video, I walk you through how to read a JSON file in S3 from a Lambda function with 3 easy steps
你当然可以写一个AWS lambda函数会： arduino 通过TTL下载程序5840 vb6关于VB以二进制（binary）方式读取文本内容5763 下载完整文件 最
2019年3月28日 AWS S3 在海外提供跨区域自动复制功能(Cross region replication, 具体实现上， Lambda 下载S3 对象到本地/tmp目录，然后上传到中国。
2020年5月17日 这篇文章分享如何在AWS上实现S3存储桶上传图片自动缩放。 整体流程：将图片 上传到源存储桶，通过事件触发lambda函数，lambda获取上传的图片进行缩放 处理， 桶分别上传文件girl You must specify :put as an argument to "s3_*"技术问题等相关问答，请访问CSDN问答。
Dec 17, 2018 · 但是，分成多个 range 下载到 Lambda /tmp目录，再从 Lambda 上传到 S3 ，此过程是串行的，仍然需要时间。即使 Lambda 和 S3 都位于 AWS 网络，传输速度很快，5MB的分块，从主 Lambda 触发到上传同区域 S3 完成，也需要1-2秒左右。 Lambda 最长执行时间是15分钟(900秒)。
假设您要为上传到存储桶的每个图像文件创建一个缩略图。您可以创建一个 Lambda 函数 ( CreateThumbnail )，在创建对象后，Amazon S3 可调用该函数。之后，Lambda 函数可以从源存储桶读取图像对象并在目标存储桶中创建要保存的缩略图。
import asyncio import time from concurrent com
amazon-web-services amazon-s3 aws-lambda 我从一个API下载数据，并将其写入一个csv文件，存储在一个S3 bucket中。 然后用Lambda函数将我的文件从这个输入bucket复制到一个输出bucket。
AWS 文档中描述的 AWS 服务或功能可能因区域而异。要查看适用于中国区域的差异，请参阅中国的 AWS 服务入门。 通过 API Gateway API 访问 Amazon S3 中的二进制文件
您可以使用 AWS Command Line Interface 管理函数及其他 AWS Lambda 资源。AWS CLI 使用 AWS SDK for Python (Boto) 与 Lambda API 进行交互。您可以使用它来了解 API，并在构建将 Lambda 与 AWS 开发工具包结合使用的应用程序时运用所学的知识。 在本教程中，您将使用 AWS CLI 管理和调用
通知消息可通过 Amazon SNS 或 Amazon SQS 发送，或直接传送到 AWS Lambda 中以调用 AWS Lambda 功能。 借助 Amazon S3 事件通知，您可以运行工作流程、发送提醒或执行其他用于响应 Amazon S3 中所存储对象更改的操作。
aws 之 s3篇< timestamp) = latency between the messages and monitor NGINX OSS instances amazonaws lambda必须自己下载,而不是在S3中读取文件 Lambda (Type_2 net实现该功能的文章不多，有几篇也都是很老版本的AWS的使用描述了，写法和封装的类等等都基本上报废了。虽然这样，但还是很感谢那几篇文章，给我指点了方向。
2021-2-11 · AWS 客户通常会利用 S3 的规模、耐用性、低成本、安全性和存储选项，在单个 Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3) 存储桶中存储数百万或数十亿个对象。 此类客户会存储图像、视频、日志文件、备份和其他关键任务数据，并将 S3 用作其数据存储 …
使用Python访问AWS S3 最近在使用Python访问S3，进行文件的上传和下载。因为都是私有数据，所以不能直接通过Web进行下载。AWS提供了一个Python库boto3，来完成相关的操作。但是其文档写得相当差，没有详细的tutorial和examples。
2020-5-1 · 编者注： AWS Lambda是由Amazon作为Amazon Web Services的一部分提供的事件驱动的无服务器计算平台。 它是一种计算服务，可响应事件运行代码并自动管理该代码所需的计算资源。 与AWS EC2相比，Lambda的目的是简化构建可响应事件和新
2012-10-17 · 分布式 Lambda 从海外到中国自动同步S3文件 参考链接：AWS官方解决方案 一、背景： 现在，越来越多的中国公司，在AWS海外区域部署业务。利用 S3 作为数据湖，存储海量的数据，包括图片、视频、日志、备份等等。很多场景下，需要把海外的 S3
2021-3-29 · S3 批量操作是 Amazon S3 数据管理功能，可让您在 Amazon S3 管理控制台中单击几下或者发出单个 API 请求即可大规模管理数十亿个对象。利用这一功能，您可以更改对象元数据和属性，或执行其他存储管理任务，例如在存储桶之间复制对象、替换对象标记集、修改访问控制以及从 S3 Glacier 还原 …
java - AWS Lambda:如何使用Java从Lambda函数访问S3存储桶 javascript - Node vinta/awesome-python
其他格式的文件转化为docx py -- Python
な動画配信プラットフォーム2016/06/03 AWS Summit Tokyo 2016 Developers 1answer 41 views s3 然后按提示输入2个密钥
4 aws ec2 这是使用最小配置文件构建的 CentOS 官方映像, 仅适用于HVM实例类型。
Python根据URL地址下载文件——wget 2018-11-30 分类： 技术分享 6 Lambda runtime 下面给出的是我编写的代码：
0 导致问题的原因是 Spark 写入到 Hive 表中的 Parquet 文件版本过高，导致 Amazon Athena stores data files created by the CTAS statement in a specified location in Amazon S3
AWS S3 Lambda事件 - 获取，更新，然后从同一个存储桶中放入JSON文件 内容来源于 Stack Overflow，并遵循 CC BY-SA 3 如何使用AWS CLI的S3命令下载数据集 最近在使用Python访问S3，进行文件的上传和下载。因为都是私有数据，所以不能直接通过Web进行下载。AWS提供了一个Python库boto3，来完成相关的操作。但是其文档写得相当差，没有详细的tutorial和examples。
只是将一个52 kb的文件从S3解压缩到S3需要很长时间(2分钟)(这是冷运行，但是由于我的脚本的使用频率少于每小时，因此无法选择) 我有类似的要求来解压缩s3中的6gb文件。 如何使用胶水，请告诉我其中涉及的步骤。 为什么AWS支持人员说您不能使用Lambda？
使用 Node connect_signal(close_button, 'click', # button 的作用lambda button:self aws s3 cp s3://<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>F-C回路关合变压器时的瞬变过程。西安熔断器F-C回路的关合需要考虑由变压器供电的电动机的成组起动，由于变压器所带负荷较多，且变压器回路关合时并不要求每台电动机均起动，因此需要自起动的电动机容量是不确定的数值，根据发电厂的负荷特点，建议按变压器容量的60%左右计算其启动电流倍数与高压电动机相同。
另外，除变压器关合时，在变压器正常运行时也可能发生低压侧电动机的成组起动，但这种工况一般发生在变压器低压侧的某一母线段上，电动机起动数量小于关合时的成组起动数量，西安熔断器对熔断器额定电流选择的影响也小于关合时低压电动机成组的影响，因此在选择熔断器时可以不予考虑。
除低压电动机的起动外，选择变压器回路的高压熔断器时还需要考虑的是避开变压器励磁涌流。
在稳态运行时，变压器的励磁电流占额定电流的比例很低，但当变压器空载投入电网时，由于变压器铁心磁通饱和特性以及铁心材料的非线性特征，会产生很大的励磁电流，即励磁涌流。
变压器励磁涌流的大小及持续时间是受多种因
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daki görüntülerin bir kombinasyonunu farklı düzen seçeneklerinde göstermek için mükemmel bir yoldur.
16. eKitap yazın
Uzun biçimli içerik, faydalı bir amaca hizmet ettiğinde çalışır. Bir blog başlattınız ve bu nedenle yazmaktan ya da en azından bundan elde etmeyi umduğunuz sonuçlardan hoşlanıyorsunuz. Bir e-Kitap, alandaki uzmanlığınızın tamamını tam olarak göstermenin bir yoludur. Bir blog yayınının daha kapsamlı bilgiler sunan kapsamlı bir sürümüdür. Örneğin, İtalyan bir şef ve blog yazarıysanız, restoran web siteniz için çeşitli makarna türlerinin oluşturulmasını mükemmelleştirmek için bir rehber kitap yükleyebilirsiniz .
Kılavuz kitap içindekiler, bölümler veya bölümler, giriş ve sonuç tablosu bulunur. Bu görevi üstlenmeye karar vermek parkta bir yürüyüş olmayacak, ancak blogunuzu ve bilginizi karışık kalabalığa tanıtmanıza yardımcı olabilir.
17. Yazılarınızı diğer dillere çevirin
Birden fazla dilde akıcı mısınız? Öyleyse, becerilerinizi blogunuz için iyi bir şekilde kullanın. İçeriğinizi diğer dillere çevirerek daha geniş bir kitleyi hedefleyebilirsiniz. Çok dilli bir sitenin bu bölümünü yapın ve erişiminizi kesinlikle genişleteceksiniz. Bunu yaparken, bazı kültürel referansların ve konuların kültürler arasında kavranması daha zor olduğundan, yayınların küresel olarak alakalı olduğundan emin olun.
SEO çabalarınızı artırın
18. Anahtar kelime araştırmanız konusunda ciddi olun
SEO, içeriğinizin Google’da bulunmasına yardımcı olma sürecidir . Bunu yapmak için kişisel bir SEO planı tasarlamak isteyeceksiniz . İlk adım olarak, belirli anahtar kelimeler için arama sonuçlarında veya hedeflediğiniz İnternet kullanıcıları tarafından sıkça aranan kısa kelime öbeklerinde üst sıralarda yer almayı hedefleyin. Örneğin, ‘girişimci blogları’ veya ‘fas mercimek güveç tarifi’.
Hangi ifadeleri hedeflemeniz için en iyi olduğunu bilmek için, yeterli anahtar kelime araştırması yapmak istersiniz. İşte size tavsiye ettiğimiz bazı en iyi anahtar kelime araştırma araçları . Hangi cümleleri kullanacağınızı belirledikten sonra, bunları paragraf metninizden başlıklarınıza, açıklamalarınıza ve daha fazlasına kadar tüm içeriğinize serpin – sizi aşağıdaki ipuçlarında birkaç yere yönlendireceğiz. Bunun kişisel SEO planınızda izlenecek adımlardan sadece biri olduğunu unutmayın .
19. Meta etiketlerinizi optimize edin
Blogunuz için meta ve başlık etiketlerine başvurduğumuzda , blogun bir bütün olarak açıklamalarını, başlıklarını ve URL’sini ve içindeki sayfaların her birini veya blog yayınlarını içerir. Blog yayınınız için arama motoru sonuçlarında görünecek olan budur.
Bu bileşenleri optimize etmek için anahtar kelime araştırmanızı kullanın. Bu kısa cümleleri uygulamaya odaklanmak için en iyi yer. Bunu, bir numaralı anahtar kelime seçiminizi başlıklara, açıklamalara ve URL’lere ekleyerek yapın. Sen edebilirsiniz meta etiketlerini özelleştirmek için Wix sitenin pano içinde ve her bir blog yayınında içinde doğrudan gelen.
20. Alternatif metin yazma
Alternatif metin olarak da bilinen alternatif metin, ön uçta görünmeyen, ancak kodda bulunan bir görüntünün yazılı bir açıklamasıdır. Ekran okuyucular aracılığıyla web sitenizi engelli kişiler için erişilebilir hale getirmenin önemli bir adımıdır . Bunun da ötesinde, arama motoru algoritmalarının resminizin neyle ilgili olduğunu anlamasına da yardımcı olur. Arama motorları bunu sonuç sayfalarında sıralama işlemlerinin bir parçası olarak kullanacaktır. Başka bir deyişle, anahtar kelimelerinizi burada da kullanın! Daha fazla bilgi için, başlamak için SEO dostu alternatif metin yazmak için bu ipuçlarını izleyin .
21. Rakiplerden öğrenin
Blogcular için SEO söz konusu olduğunda bu en iyi öneri . Yarışmaya göz atmak için biraz zaman ayırmak önemlidir. Bunu anahtar kelimelerinizi Google’a yazarak ve önce hangi yayınların makalelerinin gösterildiğini görün. Arama sonuçlarının ilk sayfası olmak istediğiniz yerdir, bu yüzden şu anda orada olanlara dikkat edin. Hangi konuların ele alındığını, makalenin başlıklardan içeriğin uzunluğuna, SERP’deki SEO başlığına (arama motoru sonuç sayfası) ve makalenin başlığına nasıl yapılandırıldığını görmek için makalelere göz atın.
Kendi uzmanlığınızı, yarışmanızdaki en iyi makalelerin kapsadığı tüm konuların bir karışımı ile birleştirmek, sizinkini en kapsamlı hale getirecektir. Bu, yüksek sıralama ve tanıtım çabalarınıza yardımcı olma şansı verecektir.
22. Geri dönüşler kazanın
Harici çevrimiçi kaynaklardan kullanıcıları sitenize yönlendirir. Saygın kaynaklar içeriğinizi de önemsiyorsa, arama motorları sitenizi daha alakalı bulduğu için sitenizin SEO’sunu artırmak için mükemmel bir yöntemdir. Başlamak için misafir bloglama, sitenizin URL’lerini dizinlere gönderme ve daha fazlası gibi geri bağlantı kazanmanıza yardımcı olacak bazı stratejiler .
23. Dahili bağlantılara serpin
Başka bir bağlantı stratejisi, bir blog gönderisini diğeri aracılığıyla tanıtmaktır. Yazınız boyunca, daha önce yazdığınız diğer içerikler hakkında konuşma fırsatları bulacaksınız. Örneğin, blog tanıtımı hakkında konuşabiliriz, bu da blog şablonları hakkında farklı bir gönderiye bağlanmamıza neden olabilir . Orada ne yaptığımızı gördünüz mü ;)? Blogunuz bir veya birkaç konuya odaklandığından, bu promosyon taktiğinin uygulanması o kadar zor değildir.
24. Blogunuza şema işaretlemesi ekleyin
Bu ve sonraki adım, Google’ın bilgi toplamak ve arama sonuçlarını en kullanıcı dostu şekilde görüntülemek için tanıdığı yöntemlerden ikisidir. Şema işaretlemesi, Google’ın “zengin snippet” olarak bilinen farklı arama sonucu sorgularında yer almaya uygun olması için blogunuzun yapısını anlamasına yardımcı olmak için kullanılan koddur. Bunlar sıralı listeler ve karuseller gibi şeyleri içerir. İçin blogunuza şemasını eklemek sitenizin pano içinden, sadece ‘şema etkinleştirmek’ açabilirsiniz.
25. AMP özelliklerini etkinleştirme
AMP (Hızlandırılmış Mobil Sayfalar), Google’ı yayınınızla ilgili bilgilere yönlendirmenin başka bir yöntemidir. AMP , blog sayfalarını depolama boyutunda daha hafif ve bu küçük cihazlarda daha okunabilir hale getirerek blogunuzun mobil sitenizdeki hızını artırır . Ayrıca, Google’ın algoritması tarafından , yayınlarınızı, carousel gibi belirli mobil arama sonucu özelliklerini çekmek için siteler listesine dahil etmeleri gerekip gerekmediği konusunda belirleyicidir. Şema gibi, blogunuzda AMP’yi Wix sitenizin kontrol panelinden blog ayarları aracılığıyla etkinleştirmek de kolaydır .<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>They also quizzed them on how far flung or tiny their social networks were, and along with a few other science-y tests (including MRI scans and tabulating all the Sniffin' Sticks data), came to the conclusion that those with a sharper sense of smell had more friends than those who were olfactorily challenged.
No butt sniffing required!
Yes, this may sound weird, but the scientists have a possible explanation. They suggest that we humans, much like our butthole-sniffing dog best friends, may gather chemical information via the nose from our companions, co-workers, and strangers on the subway, without even noticing it. And the good news? We're not required to crouch down and create awkward social situations in doing so.
So, in turn, with more information available to us via our snout (and our brain, which is responsible for important stuff like processing and sorting through the multitudes of information it gets on the regular), a better nose helps us communicate better in social situations.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>在具体应用场合，当终端负载稳定、动作简单、基本为低速运转时，选用成本低且容易控制的步进电机最为合适；但当终端负载波动范围较大、动作简单、基本为低速运转时，如果选择了步进电机，则会面临一系列烦恼，因为采用方波驱动的步进电机难以消除振动和噪音，并会因为力矩波动而产生失步或过冲。实际上，当终端负载波动范围较大时，即便基本为低速运转状态，也应该选用伺服电机，因为考虑了功效提高因素、节能因素、控制精度提高因素、系统稳定性增加等因素之后，会发现选用价格较高的伺服电机反而提高了综合成本。但是在用伺服电机替换产品中的步进电机时，应注意哪些问题？A.为了保证控制系统改变不大，应选用数字式伺服系统，仍可采用原来的脉冲控制方式；B.由于伺服电机都有一定过载能力，所以在选择伺服电机时，经验上可以按照所使用的步进电机输出扭矩的1/3来参考确定伺服电机的额定扭矩；C.伺服电机的额定转速比步进电机的转速要高的多，为了充分发挥伺服电机的性能，最好增加减速装置，让伺服电机工作在接近额定转速下，这样也可以选择功率更小的电机，以降低成本。
1985年，德国鲁尔大学的DePenbrock教授首次提出了直接转矩控制理论，该技术在很大程度上解决了矢量控制的不足，它不是通过控制电流，磁链等量间接控制转矩，而是把转矩直接作为被控量来控制。转矩控制的优越性在于:转矩控制是控制定子磁链，在本质上并不需要转速信息，控制上对除定子电阻外的所有电机参数变化鲁棒性良好;所引入的定子磁链观测器能很容易估算出同步速度信息，因而能方便的实现无速度传感器，这种控制被称为无速度传感器直接转矩控制。
在冲击负载如电焊机、电弧炉、轧钢机等场合，电压经常出现闪变；在一个车间中，有多台变频器等容性整流负载在工作时，其产生的谐波对于电网质量有很严重的污染，对设备本身也有相当的破坏作用，轻则不能够连续正常运行，重则造成设备输入回路的损坏。可以采取下列的措施。1)在冲击负载如电焊机、电弧炉、轧钢机等场合建议用户增加无功静补装置，提高电网功率因数和质量。2)在变频器比较集中的车间，建议采用集中整流，直流共母线供电方式。建议用户采用12脉冲整流模式。优点是谐波小、节能，特别适用于频繁起动、制动，电动机处于既电动运行与发电运行的场合。3)变频器输入侧加装无源LC滤波器，减小输入谐波，提高功率因数，可靠性高，效果好。4)变频器输入侧加装有源PFC装置，效果最好，但成本较高。
变频器的英文：frequency changer，frequency 读法：英 ['friːkw(ə)nsɪ] ：美 ['frikwənsi]。异步电机加盟变频器的英语1、frequency response 频率响应；录放幅频响应；变频器的英语2、frequency converter 变频器；变频器的英语3、frequency band 频带；频段；变频器的英语国产异步电机4、video frequency 视频率；变频器的英语5、frequency control 频率控制；变频器的英语怎么说?以上变频器的英语单词仅供参考。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Key West Aquarium Native Species Program
The Key West Aquarium is proud to educate the public about the marine environment with a focus on our local ecosystems. We house predominately native species of game fish, tropical fish, sea turtles, and stingrays. We also display vital apex predators such as sharks and American alligators with a chance to meet them up close during our tours. The species at the Key West Aquarium include:
- American Alligator
- Game fish
- Tropical fish
- Sea turtles
- A Burmese python
Key West Aquarium Invasive Species ProgramRecently, due to the need for public awareness, we started an “invasive species” program. The exotic pet trade has boomed and many owners find they are unable to care for their new pet after a few years, leading to their release in the wild. Many non-native species are reproducing in Florida at an alarming rate, wreaking havoc on our fragile coral reefs and wetlands. In an effort to elevate awareness we house lionfish, iguanas, and a Burmese python. All of these creatures have recently received media attention on the destructive effect they are having on the environment.
For more Information about our educational programs
Please contact us for additional information regarding educational programs for the Key West Aquarium.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lyme disease is the most common disease spread by ticks in the northern hemisphere. It is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. Approximately 70-80% of infected people have an erythema migrans (EM) rash within 3-30 days of the tick bite. Other early symptoms may include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes in the absence of the rash. Up to 10-30% of patients who have completed a course of antibiotic treatment continue to have symptoms such as:
- joint pain
- severe fatigue
- sleep disturbance, or
- cognitive difficulties.
Figure 1: Example of the erythema migrans (EM) rash caused by Lyme disease
Our treatment usually takes approximately 5-10 hours over three (and occasionally 4-5) sessions. We use a regression technique that evokes trauma at the developmental event that causes the susceptibility to this problem; and then healing is done using a variety of standard trauma healing techniques. Once treatment is over, the client's symptoms that were due to Lyme disease are gone or significantly reduced.
During the first meeting with Jola I was instantly captivated by the incredible energy filled with inner peace, the willingness to help and look for the real cause of the problems, taking into consideration many different options.
I came to Jola for the Lyme disease process, after many years of tedious and, unfortunately, not very effective treatment of chronic (almost 30-year-old) Lyme disease which was not diagnosed properly on time. Living with this silent and sneaky enemy has been a long-time nightmare of mine. Headaches with such intensity that I often lost consciousness, labyrinth disorders, bone loss, permanent bone and muscle pain, insomnia, chronic fatigue, anxiety and apathy have accompanied me for many years. Every day I had to have a fight with myself to force myself to function normally and not to let others know what is going on inside. Those daily battles deprived me of last bits of the energy.
After, a basically accidental, diagnosis, I started a multidirectional treatment, followed by very little improvement. The only thing that conventional medicine could offer me was "so that it would not get any worse" option.
The real relief and elimination of most of the symptoms was brought only by the process with Jola.
I am positively surprised that, after practically the first meeting, I was already able to feel a very positive change. After the end of the process, basically all symptoms disappeared. What was already destroyed takes time to recover, but the most important thing is that today I can live without physical and mental pain.
Client 2: Below is a short (6 minute) video from one of our original research clients that has completed this Lyme disease treatment.
Client 3: Here is a written testimonial from another Lyme disease client .
"1. After completing the Lyme disease process what physical, psychological, and/or emotional changes have you experienced, if you compare your life to before our sessions together?
Client: Physically, I feel lighter, I have more energy, my body has become more flexible and less tense and the pain that I have dealt with for a long time has greatly diminished (I believe that the small amount of leftover pain is related to other factors and that the Lyme Disease process helped with all the pain that was possible to eliminate with this healing technique!) Overall, I experienced wonderful physical changes.
Psychologically, I feel more at ease and at peace.
Emotionally, I feel happier, more myself and a greater sense of emotional wellbeing overall.
2. What impact have these changes had on your life?
Client: I feel much more at ease and able to thrive. I feel like my world has expanded and I am moving about my life with more confidence and a greater sense of peace.
3. What did you like most about these changes?
Client: The reduction in pain I noticed and the greater sense of ease in daily life that I have experienced.
4. What did you like most about my approach/therapy?
Client: Ghita is kind, supportive, and compassionate, and does a wonderful job of explaining the process and guiding you through it! She is great!
5. What do you remember from this experience?
Client: The way in which a greater sense of ease overall continued to build more and more.
6. Would you recommend my services, and if so, to whom and why?
Client: Absolutely! I would recommend this process to anyone who has dealt with Lyme disease and would highly recommend Ghita as she is skilled, compassionate and incredibly supportive!"
The clinic staff that deliver this treatment include
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iefendi Hipodromunda yoğun sis nedeniyle görüş açısının daralmasından dolayı tüm koşular 24.02.2014 Pazartesi gününe ertelenmiştir"<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Originariamente inviato da RaptusX
Guarda, il discorso intel vs AMD in gaming è il seguente: a 1080p c'è una netta differenza a favore di intel, a 1440p la differenza c'è ancora ma è modesta, a 4k non c'è più, perché il collo di bottiglia è la scheda grafica. Una configurazione ryzen costa decisamente meno, quindi io la consiglio sotto i 1500 (monitor e periferiche esclusi). Con quella cifra ci giochi bene in 2k. Adesso.
Tra qualche anno, è tutto da vedere. 3080 e 3080ti dovrebbero maxare anche i 4k (rtx escluso) e allora la cpu diventa più importante. A complicare le cose c'è l'imminente uscita di ryzen 3, che dovrebbe avere un IPC simile a coffee lake con possibilità di aggiornamenti futuri senza cambiare mainboard.
Quindi, in sintesi, se puoi aspettare l'uscita di ryzen3 (lug-set), aspetta, se non puoi con intel per ora stai a posto da un 9600k in su (considerando anche l'8700k).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- About Aloe Vera
- How To Grow Aloe Vera
- Benefits of Aloe Vera
- Maintenance Tips
- Shipping Info
The aloe vera plant is about one or two feet tall with prickly and bitter leaves, which act as a defence to keep animals and insects from feeding on the plant. The leaves hold a gooey translucent gel, also extremely bitter, and known all over the world for it's unbelievable healing properties. This translucent gel is made up of around 96% water, some organic and inorganic compounds, a type of protein which contains 18 of the 20 amino acids found in the body and lastly, Vitamin A, B, C and E. Another part of the aloe vera plant which is used is the 'sap', a yellow-coloured liquid stuck to the skin of the plant from the inside. When dried and purified, the powdered aloe is often used as a laxative.
Clay Sand Mix,Peatmose + Vermiculite + Perlite,Cocopeat+Compost+Perlite
Liquid Fertliser, All Purpose Fertiliser
Every 3-4 Month
1. Give your aloe plenty of water. Then, allow it to drain properly. Proper watering protects your aloe’s roots from chemical burns from the fertilizer.
2. Unusually for a succulent, the aloe plant cannot be grown from a leaf cutting, and instead is typically propagated by detaching younger clone plants from the base of the adult plant or from the joint root system.
3. These young plants must be treated carefully, aloe plants have relatively short roots and heavy leaves, so they are commonly moved to a heavier pot when they become top-heavy and tip over.
4. If Aloe vera runs out of space for its roots to grow, it may start to produce "pups" that can be moved to their own pot or in the plant growing than producing new plants, transplant it to a larger pot before the roots begin to circle the walls of its container
1. Antiviral and Antibacterial Properties
2. Aloe vera can Improve the Effectiveness of your Diet and Maximise your Weight-Loss Potential
3. Aloe vera however, is also a great plant to improve air quality. one of the best air purifier recommended by NASA.
1. Mix traditional potting soil with coarse sand.
2. Aloe Vera has variegated leaves that flow out from its center base. Aloe can be kept in a pot in the kitchen near a window for every day use.
1. Aloes are not in need of much nutrients to live If you frequently and heavily fertilize your plant, you will actually be doing more harm than good. Instead, keep your aloe of the opposite fertilizing schedule: fertilize lightly and infrequently.
2. Aloe Vera plants do not need to be fertilized from the end of the summer until fall.
3. Make sure water does not stay in the soil.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>NCERT 9th Class (CBSE) Social Science: Drainage Quiz
20 Multiple Choice Questions related to NCERT 9th Class (CBSE) Social Science: Drainage Quiz
- A river along with its tributaries is known as a River System or a Drainage system. Ex. Ganga River System, Indus River System etc.
- The term drainage describes the river system of an area.
- Any elevated area such as a mountain or an upland that separates two drainage basins is called a Water Divide. Ex. Ambala act as a water divide between Indus and Ganga River System.
- Bhagirathi and Alaknanda meet at Dev Prayag in Uttarakhand.
Summary of Class 9th Geography: Drainage Quiz
Topics in the Chapter
- Drainage systems in India
- Drainage Patterns
- The Himalayan Rivers
→ The Indus River System
→ The Ganga River System
→ The Brahmaputra River System
- The Peninsular Rivers
→ The Narmada Basin
→ The Tapi Basin
→ The Godavari Basin
→ The Mahanadi Basin
→ The Krishna Basin
→ The Kaveri Basin
- Role of Rivers in the Economy
- River Pollution
- Drainage describes the river system of an area.
- The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin.
- Any upland or a mountain separating two adjoining drainage basins is known as water divide.
Drainage Systems in India
- The Indian rivers are divided into two major groups:
→ the Himalayan rivers
→ the Peninsular rivers
- Features of Himalayan rivers:
→ These are perennial (flow all years)
→ These rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains.
→ The Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to the sea.
→ The Himalayan rivers form meanders, oxbow lakes, and many other depositional features in their floodplains.
- Features of Peninsular rivers:
→ They are seasonal.
→ Their flow is dependent on rainfall.
→ The Peninsular rivers have shorter and shallower courses as compared to their Himalayan rivers.
→ Most of the rivers of peninsular India originate in the Western Ghats and flow towards the Bay of Bengal.
- The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area.
- Types of Drainage Patterns:
→ Dendritic drainage
→ Trellis drainage
→ Rectangular drainage
→ Radial drainage
The Himalayan Rivers
- The Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra are major Himalayan rivers.
- A river along with its tributaries may be called a river system.
The Indus River System
- Source: The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar.
- It enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir flowing west.
- Tributaries of Indus:
→ The Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and the Hunza join it in the Kashmir region.
→ The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum join together to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan.
- The Indus plain has a very gentle slope.
- Total length: 2900 km
- A third of the Indus basin is located in India in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and the Punjab and the rest is in Pakistan.
The Ganga River System
- Source: The headwaters of the Ganga, called the ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Gangotri Glacier.
- Tributaries of Ganga:
→ Alaknanda joined at Devaprayag in Uttarakhand.
→ The Yamuna rises from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Himalayas joins at Allahabad.
→ the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi rise in the Nepal Himalaya.
→ the Chambal, the Betwa and the Son rise from semi-arid areas.
- The river bifurcates Farakka in West Bengal.
→ The Bhagirathi – Hooghly (a distributary) flows southwards through the deltaic plains to the Bay of Bengal.
→ The mainstream, flows southwards into Bangladesh and is joined by the Brahmaputra.
- Total length: 2500 km
- Sunderban Delta: The delta formed by the rivers the Ganga and the Brahmaputra is known as the Sunderban delta.
The Brahmaputra River System
- Source: The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet east of Mansarowar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj.
- Tributaries of Brahmaputra:
→ Dibang, the Lohit
- Flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas. it takes a ‘U’ turn on reaching the Namcha Barwa and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge.
→ Here, it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit and many other tributaries.
- In Tibet, the river carries a smaller volume of water and less silt as it is a cold and a dry area.
→ In India, it passes through a region of high rainfall. and the river carries a large volume of water and considerable amount of silt
- It forms many riverine islands.
- Every year during the rainy season, the river overflows its banks, causing widespread devastation due to floods in Assam and Bangladesh.
- Majuli is the world’s largest riverine island formed by the Brahmaputra.
The Peninsular Rivers
- The main water divide in Peninsular India is formed by the Western Ghats.
- Major rivers of the Peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
- The Narmada and the Tapi are the only long rivers, which flow west and make esturies.
The Narmada Basin
- Source: It rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh.
- It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting.
- All the tributaries of the Narmada are very short and most of these join the main stream at right angles.
- The Narmada basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.
The Tapi Basin
- Source: It rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh.
- It also flows in a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but it is much shorter in length.
- Its basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
- Other West flowing rivers: Sabarmati, Mahi, Bharathpuzha and Periyar.
The Godavari Basin
- Source: It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra.
- It is the largest Peninsular river.
- Tributaries of Godavari:
→ the Purna, the Wardha, the Pranhita, the Manjra, the Wainganga and the Pengang.
- The basin covers parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh.
- It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
- Total length: 1500 km
- Because of its length and the area it covers, it is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’.
The Mahanadi Basin
- Source: The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh.
- It flows through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal.
- Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha.
- Total length: 860 km
The Krishna Basin
- It rises from spring near Mahabaleshwar.
- Tributaries of Krishna:
→ The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima.
- Total length: 1400 km
- Its drainage basin is shared by Maharasthra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
The Kaveri Basin
- Source: It rises in the Brahmagri range of the Western Ghats.
- Tributaries of Kaveri:
→ Amravati, Bhavani, Hemavati and Kabini
- Total length: 760 km
- It reaches the Bay of Bengal in south of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu.
- Other east flowing rivers: The Damoder, the Brahmani, the Baitarni and the Subarnrekha.
- India has many lakes which differ from each other in the size and other characteristics.
- Most lakes are permanent while some contain water only during the rainy season.
- Some of the lakes are the result of the action of glaciers and ice sheets, while the others have been formed by wind, river action, and human activities.
- A meandering river across a flood plain forms cut-offs that later develop into ox-bow lakes.
- Most of the fresh water lakes are in the Himalayan region.
→ They formed when glaciers dug out a basin, which was later filled with snowmelt.
- The Wular lake in Jammu and Kashmir is the result of the tectonic activity which is the largest freshwater lake in India.
- Artificial lakes: The damming of the rivers for the generation of hydro power has also led to the formation of Lakes such as Guru Gobind Sagar.
- Importance of Lakes:
→ helps to regulate the flow of a river. During heavy rainfall, it prevents flooding and during the dry season, it helps to maintain an even flow of water.
→ Also used for developing hydro power
→ They moderate the climate of the surroundings
→ maintaining the aquatic ecosystem
→ Enhance natural beauty
→ Helps in developing tourism and providing recreation.
Role of Rivers in the Economy
- From ancient times. rivers banks attracted settlers as water from the rivers is a basic natural resource essential for various human activities.
- Rivers are used for irrigation, navigation and hydro-power generation.
- The demand for water from river is increasing to meet growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural need which naturally affects the quality of water.
- More and more water is being drained out of the rivers reducing their volume.
- Also, a heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are emptied into the rivers which affects not only the quality of water but also the self-cleansing capacity of the river.
- Concern over rising pollution in our rivers led to the launching of various action plans to clean the rivers.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>فعالان بازار موبایل پیشبینی میکنند در پی اجرای دوباره قانون "سقف و سابقه" شاهد التهاب در بازار موبایل در ماههای پایانی سال باشیم، چرا که این قانون دست کم ۶۰ تا ۷۰ درصد از شرکتهای واردکننده موبایل را با محدودیت ثبت سفارش و تامین مواجه خواهد کرد.
اقتصاد آنلاین - سپیده قاسمی؛ در قوانین تجاری کشور قانونی به نام "سقف و سابقه" وجود دارد. بر اساس این قانون میزان واردات هر شرکت با توجه به میزان سابقه آن تعیین میشود. نحوه محاسبه آن نیز میانگین سال قبل شرکتها است که از طریق جمع میزان واردات دلاری شرکتهای واردکننده کالا در سالهای قبل تقسیم بر تعداد سالها بهدست میآید و طبق آن میزان مجاز ثبت سفارش و واردات شرکت برای سال آینده تعیین میشود. برای مثال، اگر شرکتی در سال ۹۸ و ۹۹، ۲۰ میلیون دلار واردات انجام داده باشد، این میزان بر تعداد سال یعنی ۲ تقسیم میشود، در نتیجه شرکت مذکور برای سال آینده مجاز به واردات ۱۰ میلیون دلار کالا است.
اجرای این قانون از دی ماه سال گذشته برای مدتی متوقف شد، اما دولت جدید بار دیگر تصمیم به اجرای آن گرفت. به اعتقاد کارشناسان؛ اعمال دوبارهی قانون "سقف و سابقه"، توانایی شرکتها برای واردات را کاهش داده و عاملی برای التهاب در بازار کالاهای مشمول این قانون است.
چندی پیش علیرضا پیمان پاک، رئیس کل سازمان توسعه تجارت ایران، در جلسه کمیسیون تسهیل تجارت و توسعه صادرات اتاق بازرگانی تهران که در محل سازمان توسعه تجارت ایران برگزار شد، از حذف شرط سقف و سابقه برای واردکنندگانی که افزایش صادراتی نسبت به سال گذشته داشته باشند، از ابتدای سال آینده یعنی سال ۱۴۰۱ خبر داد.
البته این مقام مسئول اذعان داشت: در شرایط عادی، اعمال شرط سقف و سابقه برای واردات کالا یک رویه نادرست است؛ اما با توجه به شرایطی که اکنون وجود دارد، این قانون اعمال شده است.
موبایل از جمله کالاهایی است که مشمول این قانون شده است. انجمن واردکنندگان موبایل، تبلت و لوازم جانبی، معتقد است؛ اعمال دوبارهی قانون "سقف و سابقه"، شرکتها را برای واردات موبایل محدود کرده و آثار این محدودیت میتواند خود را با التهاب در بازار این کالا در ماههای آینده نشان دهد.
محمدرضا عالیان، سخنگوی انجمن در گفتوگو با اقتصاد آنلاین با تاکید بر اینکه اعمال این قانون به معنی کاهش واردات است، اظهار کرد: به طور معمول هر ساله برای مهر ماه بازار موبایل رونق میگیرد و پس از آن وارد رکود میشود.
وی افزود: رکود در این بازار تا پایان آذرماه ادامه دارد و پس از آن به یکباره با افزایش تقاضا مواجه میشویم.
عالیان با تاکید بر اینکه در صورت آماده نبودن برای این ماهها التهاب در بازار موبایل اجتناب ناپذیر است، افزود: محدودیت شرکتها با اعمال قانون مذکور موجب کاهش ثبت سفارش و افت آمار ورود موبایل به کشور و عرضه در بازار میشود.
به گفته وی؛ افزایش قیمت از نتایج التهاب حاصل از کاهش عرضه در بازار خواهد بود.
عالیان تصریح کرد: ۶۰ تا ۷۰ درصد شرکتها سابقه ۱ تا ۲ ساله در حوزه واردات موبایل دارند و این به معنی کاهش قابل توجه عرضه موبایل در پی اجرای قانون "سقف و سابقه" خواهد بود.
وی تصریح کرد: این قانون مانع رشد شرکتهای نوپا در این عرصه نیز میشود.
عالیان از پیشبینی انجمن برای افزایش ۲۰ درصدی تقاضا در ماههای پایان سال خبر داد.
سخنگوی انجمن واردکنندگان موبایل، تبلت و لوازم جانبی گفت: این پیشبینی بر اساس آمار سامانه همتا وزارت ارتباطات در رجیستری موبایلها انجام شده است.
عالیان ضمن درخواست از وزارت صمت برای تجدید نظر در اعمال این قانون، افزود: اگر این قانون اعمال شود قیمت موبایل برای ماههای پیش رو منطقی تر خواهد بود.
وی با تاکید بر اینکه تنظیم
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hak iddia ediyor. Sudan bu iddiayı reddederken, 1902 tarihli değişiklikten dem vuruyor. İki taraf da aynı nedenle Bir Twaili tanımıyor ve kendine ait olarak görmüyor.
11/54
Faroe Adaları'ndan biri olan Tindhólmur, Kuzey Atlantikte bulunuyor. Arkeologlar, bu adada bir zamanlar insanların yaşadığına dair kanıtlar buldu.
12/54
Nankin Maymun Adası, Çin'in Hainan bölgesinde bulunuyor ve makaklara ev sahipliği yapıyor.
13/54
Cocos Adaları, Pasifik'te bulunan ve üzerinde yaşam olmayan en büyük kara parçası. Bir efsaneye göre, 16. yüzyılda adaya büyük bir hazine gömüldü ve o zamandan bu yana 'Lara Croftlar bu hazineyi arıyor.
14/54
Rusya'nın kuzeyindeki Franz Josef takım adalarının orta bölgesinde yer alan Champ, devasa yuvarlak kayalarıyla ünlü.
15/54
Kayaların büyük bir ihtimalle dalgalar sebebiyle bu şekli aldığı düşünülürken, bazıları ise bu görüntüye UFOların sebep olduğunu iddia ediyor.
16/54
Pasifik'te bulunan volkanik Ball's Pyramid adası, binlerce kuşa ev sahipliği yapıyor.
17/54
Sable Adası, Atlantik'in Kanada'ya ait kısmında bulunuyor.
18/54
Adada sadece 5 meteoroloji uzmanı yaşıyor.
19/54
Japon denizindeki Okunojima adasında binlerce tavşan yaşıyor.
20/54
Adadaki tavşan popülasyonunun kökeni, 1971 yılında okul öğrencilerinin doğaya saldığı 8 tavşana dayanıyor.
21/54
Japonya ve Californiyaya eşit uzaklıkta bulunan The Midway Atollde sadece yerel doğal koruma hayatı merkezinin çalışanları yaşıyor.
22/54
Bouvet Adası, merkezde bir volkan ve çevresindeki buzuldan oluşuyor.
23/54
Holland mercan adası, Marshall, Kiribati ve Nauru adaları tarafından oluşturulan üçgende yer alıyor. 1937 yılında Amelia Earhart isimli kadın pilot, dünya turu esnasında adayı bulmaya çalışmış ancak hedefine hiçbir zaman ulaşamayarak kaybolmuştu.
24/54
Dünyanın en küçük ada ülkesi Nauru
Pasifik Okyanusunda Avustralyanın kuzeyinde, Ekvator ve Marshall Adalarının güneyinde yer alan ve resmi adı Nauru Cumhuriyeti yüzölçümü ile dünyanın en küçük ada ülkesi.
25/54
Pasifik Okyanusunun batı kesiminde yer alan 21 kilometre karelik alana ve 9 bin kişilik nüfusa sahip olan
Vatikan'dan sonra en az nüfusa sahip ülkedir.
26/54
Nauru Cumhuriyeti'nde resmi bir başkent veya şehir yok, yalnızca belirli bölgeler vardır.
27/54
En yakın komşusu 300 kilometre doğusunda yer alan Kiribati'nin Banaba Adası'dır.
28/54
ABD'de katır ile posta servisi
Dış dünya ile bağlantısı olmayan Supai köyü Havasu kanyonunda bulunuyor.
29/54
Supai kızılderili köyü, Büyük Kanyon'un güneybatı ucunda ve çok sarp kayalıkların dibinde yer alıyor. Köye ulaşım için helikopter kullanmak ya da kilometrelerce süren dağ yolunu aşmak gerekiyor.
30/54
ABD'nin Arizona Eyaleti'nde kızılderililerin yaşadığı bir köye 103 yıldır katırlarla posta servisi yapılıyor.
31/54
ABD'de katırlarla posta taşınan tek yer olan Supai Postanesi 500 çevre sakinine hizmet veriyor.
32/54
Macquarie Adası, Pasifik Okyanusu
Yeni Zelanda ve Antartika'nın arasında ortada konumlanmış olan Macquire, fok balıkları, albatroslar, penguenler de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli vahşi yaşama ev sahipliği yapıyor.
33/54
Alert, Nunavut, Kanada
Kanadadaki Nunavut bölgesinin ucunda bulunan Alert, Kuzey Kutbunun 800 km altında bulunan bir kasaba.
34/54
Dünyanın yaşam olan en kuzeydeki noktası kabul edilen adada, sıcaklıklar sıfırın altında 40 derece civarında olduğu gibi, günler 24 saat gece ve gündüz olarak yaşanıyor. En yakın komşusu 210 km ötedeki bir balıkçı kasabası olan Alertte bugün Kanadaya ait bir hava laboratuarı bulunuyor.
35/54
Motuo İli, Çin
Çinin halen yol bağlantısı olmayan tek ili Motuo, Asyanın medeniyetten uzak kalmış olan Tibet özerk bölgelerinden biri.
36/54
Motuoya gitmek için en zorlu coğrafi koşullarla baş etmeniz ve Himalaya Dağlarının buz tutmuş geçitlerinden geçip, 200 metre yükseklikteki asma köprülerden geçmeniz gerekiyor.
Eğer bu zorlukları aşabilir ve Motuoya ulaşabilirseniz, Budizmin sahip olduğu en güzel oyma heykellerin yer aldığı kutsal kabul edilen topraklara varabilirsiniz.
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Pitcairn Adası
Pasifik Okyanusunun bir diğer ıssız adası Pitcairnde, ne yerel halk, ne de araştırmacı bulunmuyor. Batısında kalan en yakın komşuları Gambier Adaları ve Tahiti, Pitcairn Adasından yüzlerce kilometre ötede bulunuyor.
38/54
Pitcairn, 1784de deniz indirilen ünlü İngiliz kargo gemisi HMS Bountynin öyküsünü taşıyor. 1789da adaya uğrayan gemide çıkan ayaklanmada kaptanlarını deviren 50 denizcinin adaya yerleştiği biliniyor.
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Günümüzde adada yaşayan ve çiftçilikle geçinen yaklaşık 100 insanın, ayaklanmacı denizcilerin soyundan geldiğine inanılıyor.
40/54
Kerguelen Adaları
Hint Okyanusunda bulunan küçük bir takımada olan Kerguelen Adaları Issızlık Adaları olarak da biliniyor.
41/54
Hava yoluyla ulaşımın mümkün olmadığı adalara gitmek için, Madagaskarda bulunan Reunion Adasından altı günlük bir tekne yolculuğu yapmanız gerekiyor.
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Adada tıpkı yüzlerce kilometre güneyindeki Antartktika gibi yerel halk değil ancak Fransadan gelen araştırmacılar bulunuyor.
1776 yılında ünlü kaşif James Cookun ayak bastığı takımadalar, bugün bir uydusu bulunan Fransanın füze savunma sisteminin bir parçasından başka bir şey değil.
43/54
Ittoqqortoormiit, Grönland
Yaklaşık iki milyon 200 bin metrekarelik yüzölçümüyle dünyanın en büyük adası olmasına rağmen Grönlandda sadece 57 bin insan yaşıyor.
44/54
Adanın en ıssız ve bilinmeyen kasabası ise, İzlandaın kuzeyinde kalan, adanın doğu ucundaki balıkçılık ve avcılıkla geçinilen Ittoqqortoormiit.
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Kasaba, Grönlandın İngiltere büyüklüğündeki bir ilinde yer alıyor. 500 kişinin yaşadığı kasabada, kişi başına 388 kilometre kare alan düşüyor.
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Tristan da Cunha
Tristan da Cunha, dünyanın üzerinde yerleşim olan karaya en uzak adasıdır. Nüfusu 275 kişidir.
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1656da keşfedilen Ulaşılmaz Ada ise elbette ulaşılamamasıyla ünlü.
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Adaya en yakın yerleşim bölgesi St. Helena yalnızca 2.000 kilometre uzakta.
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1800lerden beri İngilterenin topraklarında sayılan adalara ulaşabilmek için tek yol, 3200 km mesafede bulunan Güney Amerika kıyılarından yapılacak tekne yolculuğu.
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Rinconada, Peru
Perudaki And Dağlarında yer alan La Rinconada, Güney Amerikanın ulaşılması belki de en zor yeri.
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Deniz seviyesinden 5 bin 200 metre yükseklikte olan küçük maden kasabası, dünyanın en yüksek rakımlı ve ıssız yeri kabuk ediliyor.
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Donmuş bir buz tabakasının üzerinde bulunan kasabanın tek ulaşım yolu, günlerce kar yağışı ve fırtına altında yapılan kamyon yolculuğu.
Zor coğrafi şartlar, yaşamayı ne kadar zor kılsa da, La Rinconada altın madenciliği yapan yaklaşık 30 bin kişilik nüfusa sahip.
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Rusya, Oymyakon
Kışın -51 dereceye kadar düşen soğuğuyla Oymyakon köyü dünyanın en soğuk noktalarından biri.
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İlginç bir şekilde köyün adı ise donmamış su anlamına geliyor. Bunun sebebi ise köyde çıkan termal su kaynakları.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>你可能读过很多博客“成功”的故事。那些随意开始写博客的人，有一天醒来后发现，他们从博客上赚的钱比他们的日常工作还多。
这不是那种故事。
我开始写博客的目的是靠我的美食博客谋生。
我的博客在8个月内从0增长到每月100万浏览量。100%的有机食品。
大家好!我是Nagi来自RecipeTin吃食物的博客!
在我写这篇文章的时候，在我发布之前，这个世界上只有两个博主和两个朋友知道我的月流量是多少。但在建立美食博主中心(“FBC”)网站的时候，我觉得是时候开放了。因为我想让你相信我不只是说说而已。我确实有真正的建议给你，我想出来的事情，或者是我做过的有用(或者没用的!)的事情，让我走到了今天。
事实是这样的:
1.我放弃了金融行业的工作去追求我的梦想，去做我真正热爱的事情来谋生。我没有任何关于食物(除了家庭烹饪)、摄影、艺术、设计的背景和经验，也没有任何与美食博客相关的东西。我不是技术宅。我没有丈夫或合作伙伴在幕后为我的博客赚钱、推广或做技术工作。我从来没有在我的博客上做过任何增加流量的活动(怎么做的??!!)如果你有兴趣，你可以多看看我的资料在这里；
2.2014年5月，我创建了自己的博客（RecipeTin吃)，这是我创建或参与的第一个博客。与此同时，我第一次拿起了单反相机。在那之前，我只在度假时使用点拍相机;而且
3.8个月后，2015年1月，我的月浏览量达到了100万。如果我住在世界上第五大最贵城市(澳大利亚悉尼)以外的任何地方，那里的房价中位数是100万澳元(合130万美元)，我可以自信地说，我依靠我的博客和相关活动(摄影，食谱开发)独立生活。(更新:截至2016年1月，我的月流量超过300万)
我不认为我是一个“有影响力的博主”或“成功了”。与其他许多成功的博主相比，我仍然很小。但我已经设法以相对较快的速度增长，我已经设法通过博客相当成功地赚钱创建这个网站的全部意义就是分享我的建议．
这是一个很长的帖子，因为我没有退缩，我一直很忙!所以我建议你去冲杯咖啡，然后让自己舒服点!
简而言之
以下是我在这篇文章中所涉及的内容的概要。
1.没有成功公式为了建立一个博客。你需要找到有效的方法给你。
2.我写博客的方法是不同的，因为我是用意图以我的博客为生因为我的企业背景．下面是我的热爱美食、烹饪和分享。我冒这么大的风险是因为我梦想以做我喜欢的工作为生。
3.博客发展战略从一开始，我就有一个非常清晰的博客发展策略。通过陈述我的战略，它使我非常专注，并确保我所做的每一件事都是针对我的三个战略目标之一。
4.我为发展我的博客所做的7件事我真的很想把它做成一个“″的前10名列表……但我下面提到的是最突出的。”只有7个。有些你可能听说过。有些你可能还没有......
1.没有成功的公式
我想首先说这一点，因为我不希望你投入数百个小时来复制我的作品，认为这是增加读者的一个肯定的方法。请不要。相反，把我所分享的作为想法或指导。但要对它进行解读，让它为你、你的博客、你的生活方式、你的读者服务。
因为关于写博客，有一件事我很确定——没有成功的公式。
你不需要我告诉你，这需要努力工作。当我读到这个的时候，我很生气因为我知道!但你不常读到的是:
绝对不可否认的是，我的成长是两者的结合。你可以在这篇文章中读到更多勤奋加一点点运气...．．
2.谋生的意图
我开始写博客不仅仅是为了梦想能全职写博客，而是意图创建一个博客，我可以把它变成一个全职的收入来源。如果我住在世界上第五大最贵城市(澳大利亚悉尼)以外的任何地方，那里的房价中位数是100万澳元(合130万美元)，我可以自信地说，我在8个月内实现了这一目标。
由于这个特定的目标，我写博客的方法在很大程度上是一种“商业”方法，这是受我作为前财务主管的专业背景的影响。
我认为另一个因素是，因为我生活在澳大利亚，所以我有不深受席卷美国的“博客狂热”的影响，并试图复制成功的博客所做的事情。我在很大程度上创造了自己的道路(尽管我相信它们有一些相似之处)。
虽然我听起来很冷漠，很务实，但我的方法不仅仅是写博客“取悦大众”，或者为了赚钱而出卖自己的灵魂。这根本不是事实。
如果我没有对烹饪和食物，以及分享和帮助我的读者关于我喜欢的食物的深切热情，我就不可能在我的博客上工作那么多小时。
但我写博客是有目的的。战略。以增加和增加读者为目标。
3.我的博客增长策略
有一个非常清晰的增长策略是我建立博客的关键，因为它让我真正专注。这是我多年来在公司里做商业规划的习惯!这是我的博客增长的三种方法:
a)吸引新流量;
b)将新流量转化为长期读者;而且
c)吸引我的长期读者。
我所做的一切都是为了其中一个目标。在大多数情况下，他们都属于这三种类型。
我的成长策略非常简单，但有了这一点，我就会非常专注于我为什么要做事情以及要做什么。
在这个阶段，值得注意的是，我没有在列表中包括“连接”其他博客。这并不是说我不喜欢——我喜欢。我喜欢结识新朋友，“建立关系网”是我学习新事物的方式。但我并没有每天都在X个博客上发表评论。我不会对那些有影响力的博客写手“拍马屁”，也不会试图创建一个博客“部落”。
那不是我的风格。我只做自然而然的事。我关注那些激励我的博客。我支持我的朋友。这就是我在FBC分享的博客哲学。
4.我为发展我的博客所做的7件事
这是你一直在等的名单。以下是我所做的最重要的7件事，我相信它们有助于我实现流量增长。
1.强大的音调和/或创造性的食谱
你以为我会把摄影排在第一位吗?我没有这么做的原因是我博客上的一些流行食谱的照片不是最好的!
毫无疑问，在我看来，强大的宣传和/或创意和独特的配方是我能够从早期吸引大量新流量的原因。我早期最受欢迎的食谱之间的关键相似之处是:
- 他们很容易;
- 它们有很强的卖点——例如，受欢迎的家庭外卖;和/或
- 看起来不错——想想有弹性的奶酪，可爱的咬痕;和/或
- 都有些不同。
并非所有人都具有惊人的独创性或创造性。不要认为你需要想出一个突破性的新食谱!但我早期走红的食谱都是要么具有独特性/创造性或我所强调的强大卖点(或在少数情况下两者兼而有之)。
注意:我非常注意的一点是远离主流的“流行的潜在”食谱。藜麦，花椰菜皮披萨，一罐意大利面，水牛啥都行，墨西哥啥都行。或者如果我在那个“空间”里做一些事情，我会试着做一些不同的事情。为什么?因为博客圈里充斥着这个空间的食谱。为什么要和那些有影响力的博主竞争?通过做一些不同的事情脱颖而出。
如果你想阅读更多关于这个话题的内容，我写了两篇文章:
- - - - - -“卖出”你的食
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evlati kalmaz. Rüyada ayagmin ökçesinin kirildigini veya kesildigim gören kimsenin, çocugu ölür. Sol ayak ökçesi, kizlara, sag ayak ökçesi de, erkeklere isarettir, ökçe, insanin din ve dünyasinca akibetine isarettir. ökçe, insanin mali veya kendisinden sonra birakacagi evlatina isarettir. Rüyada ökçenin güzelligi insanin salih amellerine ve o iyi amellerden onu karsilayacak güzel hallere isarettir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>钢球在许多行业的生产制作工艺中都有使用，其本身的耐磨性和质量都影响着许多环节，在使用之前需要确保其的质量。今天给大家介绍的就是关于产品的制作工艺及影响其质量的因素。
制作工艺为冲压——光磨——淬火——硬磨——外观—— 精研——清洗——防锈——成品包装。
钢球生产的后续工序，即自动清洗、外观自动检验(不合格品自动拒收)、自动防锈、计数包装等，都是影响其质量的关键因素。并且外观检验是产品加工过程中不可缺少的工序，外观检查主要包括表面划痕、锈蚀和表面斑点的检测。除此之外还有以下几点：
① 材料的影响：钢球、铸铁球、合金钢球等。不同材料的密度不同。钢的密度比铸铁大。合金钢根据主要合金元素的密度和含量而不同。
② 制造方法的影响：轧制和锻造钢球结构致密，密度高。铸钢球、铸铁球或铸造合金球密度不高，甚至有气孔，密度高。更小。
③ 金相组织的影响：马氏体、奥氏体、贝氏体、铁素体等晶体结构的密度不同，也影响晶粒的细度。
以上就是关于钢球的制作工艺及影响产品质量的因素分析，希望对您有帮助。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Hanse Yacht, lo stesso giorno, invia un comunicato in cui avvisa che, nonostante la pandemia di Coronavirus, continuerà la produzione, seppur con tutte le cautele del caso per garantire ai suoi clienti delle consegne regolari.
Come mai decisioni così diverse?
La non chiusura del cantiere tedesco si potrebbe attribuire al fatto che, non più tardi di una settimana fa, il gruppo Hanse aveva comunicato che il suo fatturato nel primo semestre della corrente stagione nautica era sceso del 10%.
Una caduta importante e preoccupante anche se, il gruppo Hanse, si era detto non preoccupato e in grado di recuperare quanto perso per arrivare a fine anno con un positivo di bilancio.
Questo, chiaramente, a condizione che il cantiere mantenga attiva la produzione e la consegna delle barche, diversamente quel 10% potrebbe trasformarsi in una perdita catastrofica.
Dufour, probabilmente, ha una situazione economica diversa che gli permette di prendere decisioni diverse.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>This post will focus on the heavy Moorish influence on Brazilian cuisine coming from an interesting mix of Portugal, African slaves, and Arab immigrants. Portugal at the time of the colonization of Brazil was a nation recovering from a lengthy period of Moorish occupation. Many of the colonist were Christianized Moors, or moriscos. Also, a little known fact is that Brazil has the largest Arab population outside of the Middle East.
The Moorish Influence on Food From Brazil
The Moorish influenced remained in Portuguese culture as evident in the cuisine and language. Many Portuguese words have Arabic roots such as orange (laranja in Portuguese; from the Arabic naranj نارنج) and rice (arroz in Portuguese; from the Arabic al-ruzz). Both rice and oranges were brought to Spain and Portugal by the Moors.
The Arab influence is so deeply embedded in to Brazilian culture that most do not realize how prevalent it is. It has just been integrated as Brazilian. In the main Brazilian cities it is easy to find restaurants that cook Arabic food such as sfihas (Portuguese esfirra), tabbouleh (Portuguese tabule), kibbeh (Portuguese quibe), hummus, tahina and halwa are very well known among Brazilians.
Brazilian mainstays such as cuscuz arrived via African slaves. Cuscuz is a popular dish in Bahia, Brasil.
Couscous is actually the national dish of Morocco. The term Cuscuz, also spelled cuscus and cuzcuz in Portuguese, refers to several preparations in different regions of the country. The origin of the plate is certainly the Middle Eastern couscous, but once it was introduced to the new tropical culture, several versions using local ingredients began to develop.
In Bahia, Brasil Cuscuz can be a plain, steamed, cake-like cereal made with flocos de milho pré-cozidos (yellow, precooked corn meal - “Milharina”, by Quaker, is a very well known brand). Usually served for breakfast, it’s made in the cuscuzeira, or cuscuzeiro (see picture), a steaming pan that has a perforated metal disc with a handle that seats on top of simmering water where you place the corn meal, previously moistened with salt water.
Then, there’s cuscuz de tapioca, a sweet, flan-like version of the dish made with manioc/yucca tapioca pearls, coconut and condensed milk. Source
Kibe/Quibe: extremely popular, it corresponds to the Lebanese dish kibbeh and was brought to mainstream Brazilian culture by Syrian and Lebanese immigrants. It can be served baked, fried, or raw. It is stuffed with meat or hummus.
Esfiha (Arabic: sfiha): another Middle Eastern dish, despite being a more recent addition to Brazilian cuisine they are nowadays easily found everywhere, specially in Northeastern, Southern and Southeastern regions. They are pie/cakes with fillings like beef, mutton, cheese curd, or seasoned vegetables.
West African Flavor of Food From Brazil
The African hand in the Brazilian cooking pot completes the triptych, most noticeably in the northeastern states, where the plantation system held greatest sway. There, from virtually the inception of colonization, Africans were in control of the kitchens of the Big Houses. In Bahia, Brasil they were from the Bight of Benin and the Sudanese regions of West Africa. In Rio and Pernambuco, they were mainly Bantu. All brought their own tastes in food.
|This baiana in Bahia, Brasil is preparing acaraje and has cuscuz as well as cuscuz de tapioca|
|Acaraje, the Brazilian falafel|
African cooks embellished dishes with ginger, chilies, and pulverized cashew nuts and maintained the tastes of coastal Africa in the continued use of dried smoked shrimp and palm oil. They adapted recipes and adopted the ingredients of the new land to create a cooking so unique that the food of the state of Bahia is considered by many the linchpin that connects the cooking of Africa with that of the Western Hemisphere.
Check out the article below from Islamictourism.com:
Food From Brazilian with an Arab touchIslamic Tourism – Issue 34 – March-April / 2008
By Habeeb Salloum
In the world of culinary art, Brazil is to Portugal what Mexico is to Spain. These two colonies
in the New World were the crown jewels of their respective motherland. However, in their
cuisines, both carrying deep Arab influences, there is a difference.
Even though many of the original colonists in both countries were Moors newly converted to Christianity, in Brazil, a huge number of African slaves were imported to work on the plantations. A good number were Muslims and their food was saturated with North African influences. The 20th century Arab immigrants to the country added another dimension to Brazilian food. Hence, the Moorish heritage of the Portuguese
kitchen was further re-enforced by the dishes of West Africa and the Middle East.
This ethnic mixture and the diversified climate of Brazil have been responsible for the creation of one of the most varied kitchens in South America. Peppering this cuisine were many other influences. Aboriginal Indian, German, Italian, Japanese and others dishes have become a part of the food from Brazil. For centuries
Brazilian cooks have been borrowing from the foods of other people, then combining them with their own to produce an interesting and fascinating wide-ranging culinary world.
Above all, it was the Portuguese influence, itself greatly influenced by the Arabs, which was the main influence in the creation of Brazilian cooking. When the Arabs conquered Portugal, they brought with them numerous new dishes: they needed ingredients to create these foods, and introduced a considerable number of vegetables, fruits and spices, unheard of in the Iberian Peninsula at that time. Many have still retained their Arab names in Portugal.
Orchards, first planted by the descendants of the Arab soldiers, cover the land. The perfume defusing flowers of the apricot Portuguese albricoguo from the Arabic al-barquq; carob (alfarroba: al-kharubah); orange (laranja; naranj); and pomegranate (romá: rumman) were Moorish gifts to the future Portuguese.
Besides the fruit trees, other plants brought to the Iberian Peninsula are, perhaps, more important. Rice (Portuguese arroz: from the Arabic al-ruzz), forming the basic part of the Portuguese diet, and sugar cane (açúcar: sukkar), now cultivated in Algarve, the last province wrestled from the Moors, were introduced and grown extensively by the Arabs.
Over and above the new plants they introduced into Spain and Portugal, the Arabs expanded the almond, olive and fig orchards that they found in these countries. The blossoming almond trees initially planted by the Arabs on a large scale, transform Algarve's springtime countryside which looks like a snow-covered field.
However, even more than the introduction of plants, the water mill (Portuguese azenha: from the Arabic al-saniyah) and its extensive use in irrigation was the greatest gift the Arabs bestowed on Portugal and the other countries of Western Europe. The rich fields of fruits and vegetables found in the Iberian Peninsula since the 9th century bears witness to the Moorish introduced plants and farming techniques. This is attested to by the 12th century Arab writer Abu ‘Abdallah al-Idrisi who described Algarve as a land of beautiful cities surrounded by irrigated orchards and gardens.
The Arab introduced plants made possible a series of new culinary delights, expanding greatly the kitchen of the Iberian Peninsula. In Portuguese, Arabic derived names for foods are an undeniable testimony to the influence the Moors had on the cuisine in this part of Europe. Acepipe (hors d'oeuvres: from the Arabic al-Zebib); aletria (vermicelli: itriyah); almôndega (meat balls: al-bunduqah) ; escabeche (pickles: al-skabaj); azeite (olive oil: al-zayt); sorvete (sherbet: sharbat); and xarope (syrup: sharab) are a number of these foods.
More than all their dishes, the Moors had a fondness for sweets and passed on this sweet tooth to the Portuguese. Candied fruits and pastries employing almonds, egg yolks, honey and rosewater, found today in all parts of Portugal, are all of pure Moorish origin. Perhaps the credit for their preservation should go to the nuns in the many religious institutions, found in every town and city. No one knows the reason why the nuns, in the numerous medieval convents, kept the Arab recipes for sweets alive.
In the days of the Arabs, lamb and goat, along with some beef, were the basic meats on the everyday menu. However, when the Muslims were defeated, pork became the main meat. To escape persecution and prove they had left their former religion behind, the Christianized Moors substituted pork for other meats, especially in the public eating-places.
All these culinary contributions the Arabs gave Portugal were later to be brought to Brazil. This historical base of Brazilian cuisine with its Arab connection was further buttressed in the last hundred years by the large immigration from the area of Greater Syria to all parts of that land of the Amazon. Today, in every large Brazilian town, the eastern Arab delights of sfeehah (open meat pies), taboulah (parsley salad) and, above all, kubbah (burghul and meat patties known in Brazil as kibe), are offered in many homes and public eating-places.
The first time I entered a restaurant in Recife, Brazil's major north-eastern resort, I was astonished to see featured on the menu kibe - a delicious dish whose original home is the Middle East. In the ensuing days I discovered that this famous Middle Eastern dish had become a Brazilian food. Served in a great number eating places throughout the country, it was prepared in a much tastier fashion than its land of origin.
The Arab inherited portion of the Brazilian cuisine is considerable. Both through the Moors, by way of the Iberian Peninsula, and the Arab immigrants of the 20th century, the kitchen of Brazil has been greatly enriched.
Travellers from the Arab world need not pine for their foods. In this land of the Amazon, they will find a kindred cuisine.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>English for Specific Purposes (also sometimes called English for Special Purposes) refers to a situation where a learner has a particular need for the language, and follows a course which aims to meet that need without including any language which is irrelevant to it. The two most common fields within ESP are English for Occupational Purposes (where the learner has work related needs), and English for Academic Purposes (where the learner is studying in order to eg complete a university course in English, to write academic papers for publication etc). However, any learner with a well-defined need could potentially come under the ESP umbrella - for example a learner with a specific hobby (gardening, football etc) which s/he wanted to be able to read about and chat about in internet discussion groups in English.
ESP courses would generally start with a needs analysis which would define what the learner has to do using English - the situations in which they will need to communicate (eg business meetings, international conferences, university lectures, internet forums), their interlocutors and role relationships (eg client-salesman, teacher-student, nurse-patient, peer-peer), the tasks they will have to carry out (eg writing an academic essay, negotiating contracts, answering forum posts), and the language needed for those tasks in terms of topic related lexis, functions and structures etc. The course is then designed to cover these areas.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>versión impresa ISSN 0716-078X
Rev. chil. hist. nat. v.80 n.4 Santiago 2007
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 80: 439-446, 2007
Inter-population thermal variability and physiological response in the intertidal fish Scartichthys viridis (Blenniidae)
Variabilidad térmica intrapoblacional y respuesta fisiológica en el pez intermareal Scartichthys viridis (Blenniidae)
JOSÉ M. PULGAR 1-2, FRANCISCO BOZINOVIC2 & F. PATRICIO OJEDA2*
1 Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 217, Santiago Chile
2 Center for Advanced Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity and Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, 6513677, Chile * e-mail for correspondence: [email protected]
Determining habitat conditions that generate individual physiological variability represents key basic knowledge to understand the direction of animal's responses to habitat change. The coastal fish Scartichthys viridis inhabits low intertidal pools along the Chilean coast. Because seawater in the low intertidal is renewed during every tidal cycle, this zone is characterized by a low thermal variation and abundant food within and between localities. We evaluated whether seawater thermal conditions and food availability of low intertidal pools registered in three localities of Chilean coast are sufficient to generate physiological and energetic differences in individuals of S. viridis captured from three geographic separate populations spanning approximately 1,200 km. Southern fishes acclimatized to 25 °C showed higher metabolic rates than those from other localities and thermal treatments. On the other hand, southern fishes in natural conditions showed higher condition factor than northern fishes. This evidence is sufficient to indicate that slight latitudinal differences in tidepool seawater temperature associated to differential food availability induced an energetic constraint in this species. Moreover, southern population of S. viridis may suffer important effects on energetic allocation if seawater temperature increases slightly, with repercussions on its geographic distribution in southern Pacific Ocean.
Key words: intertidal fish, physiological compensation, tidepool, Scartichthys viridis.
Determinar las condiciones del ambiente que generan variabilidad fisiológica, representa un conocimiento básico para comprender el sentido de la respuesta de los animales a los cambios en su habitat. El pez costero Scartichthys viridis habita las pozas bajas del intermareal a lo largo de la costa chilena. Debido a que el agua de mar se renueva en cada ciclo de marea en las pozas bajas, esta zona está caracterizada por una baja variación térmica y abundante alimento entre localidades. Nosotros evaluamos si las condiciones térmicas y la disponibilidad de alimento descrita para pozas bajas registradas en tres localidades de la costa chilena son suficientes para generar diferencias fisiológicas y energéticas en individuos de S. viridis capturados desde tres poblaciones separadas geográficamente por aproximadamente 1.200 km. Los peces del sur aclimatados a 25 °C mostraron una tasa metabólica mayor que los peces de las otras localidades y tratamientos. Por otra parte, en el ambiente natural, los peces del sur mostraron un factor de condición mayor que los peces del norte. Esta evidencia es suficiente para indicar que suaves diferencias latitudinales en la temperatura del agua de las pozas intermareales, asociado a una disponibilidad diferencial de alimento, promueven restricciones energéticas en esta especie. Más aun, las poblaciones del sur de S. viridis podrían sufrir importantes efectos en su asign
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for Life! Retrieved March 23, 2014, from Queensland Government: www.nrm.qld.gov.au/waterwise/education
· Education Services Australia. (2014, January 28). Water as a Resource.
Retrieved March 21st, 2014, from www.scootle.edu.au: www.scootle.edu.au/ed/pin/BGBEEE?userid=85763
· Google Books. (2014). Google Books. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from
· Google. (2014). Google. Retrieved 2014, from www.google.com.au
· Hewitt, S. (2011). Using Water. London, UK: Franklin Watts.
· Hughes-Hassell, S. and Mancall, J. (2005). Collection Managementfor
Youth: Responding to the Needs of Learners. ALA Editions.
· Maddern, E. (1982). Tiddalick. Adnyamathanha Song Book . Port Augusta,
· NeoK12. (2009-2014). Water Cycle. Retrieved March 21st, 2014, from
NeoK12 Educational Videos, Lessons and Games for K-12 Kids: www.NeoK12.com
· Oxfam. (2014). Oxfam Education Water For All. Retrieved March 22, 2014,
from Oxfam Education: www.oxfam.org.uk/education/resources/water_for_all
· Roennfeldt, R. (1980). Tiddalick The Frog Who Caused A Flood. Ringwood,
Victoria, Australia: Picture Puffin.
· Schrock, K. (2001-2009, October 7). Information Literacy Resources.
Retrieved March 23, 2014, from Kathy Schrock's Guide to Everything: www.schrockguide.net/information-literacy.html
· SCiS Catalogue. (2014). SCiSWeb. Retrieved March 21, 2014, from Schools
Catalogue Information Service: www.scis.curriculum.edu.au/scisweb/orders/php
· Scootle. (2014). Scootle. Retrieved from www.scootle.edu.au
· Strauss, R. (2007). One Well. Sydney, NSW, Australia: ABC Books.
· YouTube. (2014). Retrieved March 25, 2014, from YouTube:
· YouTube. (2014). Tiddalik. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from YouTube:
· YouTube. (2014). What Made Tiddalik Laugh. Retrieved March 26, 2014,
from YouTube: www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3TkE0Ke15M<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Güney Afrika'nın Sibudu Mağarasında bulunan Orta Çağ Devri taş aletleri üzerinde yapılan incelemeler, mermi imalatına dair en erken kanıtları gözler önüne serdi.
PLOS ONE dergisinde Belçika'nın Liège Üniversitesi'nden Veerle Rots ve meslektaşlarının imzasıyla yayınlanan araşırma sonuçlarının yer aldığı makaleye göre; Güney Afrika'da Orta Çağ Devrinde taş kesme teknolojisi sırasındaki yenilikler, erken dönem silah mermilerinin oluşturulmasını sağladı.
Zamanlaması ve kesin mahalli yeri çok tartışma konusu olsa da Güney Afrika'nın Orta Taş Devri, (MSA) önemli teknolojik ilerleme dönemi olarak yaygın kabul görür. Bu dönemde avcı-toplayıcıların, Isı ve basınç kullanarak, ok ve mızrak gibi fırlatılan silahlarda kullanılan taş mermiler üretmek için yeni teknikler geliştirdikleri anlaşılıyor.
Veerle Rots ve arkadaşları, Sibudu Mağarasındaki arkeoloji kazılarında çıkartılmış, taş devirinin silah üretim ustalarının elinde şekillenmiş 25 neolitik silah parçasını inceledi, teknolojik analizlerden geçirdi ve onları karşılaştırarak fonksiyonel farklılıklarını belirledi.
Silah parçalarının bazılarının her iki yüzünde de düzleştirmeler vardı ki bunların muhtelemen basınç uygulanarak oluşturulduğu tahmin ediliyor. Silah parçalarından bazılarının tırtıkları bazılarınınsa sivri kenarları vardı. Bu ilkel taş mermilerin basınçla püskürtme olarak bilinen bir teknikle üretildiğini düşüyor araştırmacılar.
Araştırmacılar, ilkel taş mermilerin 14'ünde etkilere bağlı hasar, hayvansal kalıntı artıkları buldu. Aynı zamanda bu parçaların aşınma özellikleri dikkate alınarak av için kullanıldıkları kuvvetle muhtemel görünüyor.
Silah parçalarındaki darbeye bağlı kırıkların incelenmesi ve kırıkların dağılım noktaları bu parçaların büyük olasılıkla esnek mızrak atıcı veya yay ile fırlatıldığını gösteriyor.
Daha ileri araştırmalar, taş kesme tekniklerinin zaman çizelgesini ve gelişimini teyit etmede yardımcı olabilir ama Sibudu Mağarası saha verileri üzerindeki incelemeler, MSA devrinde basınç uygulanan silahlar kullanıldığını gösteriyor. Basınç kullanularak mermimsi parçaların 77.000 yıl önce kullanıldığı tahmin ediliyor.
Yazarlara göre, bu bulgular, Güney Afrika'da MSA zamanında yaşayan insanlar tarafından silah üretiminde teknik yenilikler uygulandığını kanıtlıyor.
arkeolojikhaber.com<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>一、问题的提出
今天，中国作为基本国策的计划生育政策已经推行了近40年；联合国的有关统计数据表明，我国妇女总和生育率也由以往的每个家庭平均生6个左右孩子，下降到今天的1. 7个。中国人口过快增长的势头得到了有效控制。然而，对于中国的生育制度和人口生产实践带来重大挑战的，还不仅只是关乎适度人口生产的生育控制的政策层面或技术层面的问题，更大的且更为严峻的挑战是由之带来的伦理后果或伦理效应。亦即，由人口生产的计划生育实践所激起的生育伦理难题，及其对当代中国总体文明形态所产生的重大影响。我们称之为生育伦理的中国难题。它突出地表现在两个方面：其一，当代中国的生育政策具有显明的时效性，（尽管它是我国一项长期的基本国策）生育控制的伦理正当性只有在针对我国过度生育的人口生产活动进行“纠偏”时，才是有效的；而这至少表明，在“纠偏”之后，一个“后计划生育时代”的来临是可预期的，我们甚至可以说，它已然或正在呈现为某种客观历史进程；其二，适度人口的生育控制与中国社会的改革开放和现代化进程几乎同步而行，然而它在权利体系、人口生态体系、社会质量体系甚至总体文明体系诸方面带来的价值困惑和形态转变，则注定了令中国的“后计划生育时代”的文明进程染上深重的生育伦理“色彩”。
毫无疑问，人类的生育行为包含了“生”与“育”两个方面。它“自然而然地”是一种伦理化行为。然而，当今中国人口生育实践在道德标准、伦理方式和文明体系诸方面面临的伦理难题，表明我国的生育伦理在由传统向现代性转型过程中，已经告别了那种“自然而然”的伦理形式和伦理传统；它前所未有地面临生育伦理的诸多现代性难题。由于中国人口国情的复杂多变以及人口生态的社会、经济、文化背景之关联深厚，人口生产的道德性以及生育伦理的现代性难题也变得更为突出而艰巨。
当然，我们要特别强调指出的是，本文突出生育伦理的中国难题的重要性，主旨不在对我国计划生育政策进行质疑，它作为对传统形态的生育伦理观的一种矫正，是必不可少的；相反，我们认为，生育控制的政策和实践是中国人口生产活动和生育合理性构建的现代性之标志，且指明了生育伦理现代性的道德前景。从这一维度上，本文指证：中国人口生产和生育合理性构建已经进入一个新的阶段，亦即一个可以回过头来反思一下计划生育政策及其伦理效应的历史节点；当然，中国生育伦理仍然面临着人口数量继续增长、人口总体受教育素质偏低、出生性别比居高不下、人口老龄化愈来愈重的四大难题；如何解决好生育伦理的中国难题，攸关中国人口生产、人口素质和生育生态的现代性道德前景。
二、生育的伦理传统与道德困境
按照马克思的观点，生产本身有两种：一是物资生活资料的生产；一是人自身的生产。它们分别受到劳动力发展阶段的制约和家庭发展阶段的制约。生育伦理与这两种生产方式紧密相关。它既包含了人口生产（生）的方面又包含了人自身成长或完善（育）的方面。由于它是从“人自身生产”和“人自身完善”的普遍本质中产生出来的“伦理”，因此它必然展开一种将人的物种规定（自然规定）和人的类生命本质结合在一起的伦理世界。从这一意义上看，生育的伦理传统总是受到特定的社会生产方式和交往实践的制约，且与婚姻-家庭制度、社会文化传统、医疗科技或公共卫生的进步以及人口生态等因素相互交织、密不可分。换言之，人类的“生育”实践，由于是一种时间代际上的文明传承形式，它受到生育实践周期长、生育功能相对稳固和生育伦理生态日益凸显的影响，必然关涉到民族伦理气质和文化风貌之构成。中国的生育伦理传统，在这一点上表现尤为突出。
中国的生育伦理传统，受到小农经济与宗法制度的影响，集中地体现为历史上占主导地位的儒家生育伦理观。儒家的生育观，可追溯到西周初露端倪的多子多福的伦理观，例如在《诗·大雅·假乐》中出现了“千禄百福子孙千亿”的颂词。孔子的治国纲领（“庶、富、教”）中居于首位的便是“庶”的纲领。（即“人口众多”的纲领）而儒家孝道伦理，把“有后”的生育观奉为最为优先的孝道，所谓“不孝有三，无后为大”。这种鼓励生育的生育伦理传统，在中国传统文化形态中既是一种功利主义的政治意识之诉求，又是一种自然主义的经济意志之体现，更是一种关系主义的文化教化之必然。
首先，中国生育的伦理传统有着明显的政治功利主义诉求。二千多年来，中国封建统治者从一种实用理性的价值导向出发，倡导“多生”。因为，“多生”会带来“户口滋多”和“赋税自广”。从一种政治意识的角度看，中国历代王朝的统治者都将人口看作是劳役、赋税、兵役的来源，认为它关乎国力强弱，财富多寡，因而中国生育的伦理传统与这种功利主义的政治意识诉求及其鼓励人口增殖的政治动机有着莫大的关联。
其次，中国生育的伦理传统植根于自然经济形态的经济土壤。在一种相对封闭的自然经济体系中，传统的小农生产方式遵循着“人口”即“劳力”的生产逻辑，因而鼓励“多生”（尤其是多生男丁）是这种生产逻辑的必然结果。[1]
第三，中国生育的伦理传统受到儒家关系主义的文化预定。儒家关系主义强调自己本位的“推己及人”，因而形成了一种“尊祖宗”、“讲孝道”、“三纲五常”、“男尊女卑”的关系秩序原理。这种关系主义的文化预定形成了重男轻女、多子多福和传宗接代的儒家“孝”文化的生育伦理观。
毫无疑问，儒家的生育伦理与中国前现代社会的社会经济状况是相契合的。中国人口生态在整个前现代社会还是比较平衡的。但是，这种鼓励人口生产的生育伦理到了近代就产生了令人担忧的情形。1712 年，清政府采取“摊丁入亩”制度，极大促进了人口增长。在半个世纪不到的时间里，人口突破2 亿大关，后又突破三个亿，到1834 年突破4 亿大关。在清王朝统治的200多年里，人口翻了五倍。[2] 1949 年，新中国成立时人口总数约为5. 4 亿，目前接近13 亿。可见，传统儒家的生育伦理旨在鼓励生育，它带来的人口问题使得“计划生育”成为一种必不可少的纠偏政策。今天我们面临的问题是：鼓励生育的文化传统以及控制生育的国家政策构成了中国社会的“新”、“旧”两种传统。它使当今中国社会遭遇到前所未有的人口道德困境。学者们注意到生育伦理在当代中国背景下呈现出无数挥之不去且令人困扰不已的难题。其中，最为重要且根本的道德困境是：
（一）生育伦理面临道德标准之困惑。例如，人们如何处理以社会总体价值坐标为参照的国家计划生育政策的道德合理性和以个体权利坐标为参照的妇女生育权的道德正当性之间的两难；人们如何权衡优生优育的生育价值和人的生命尊严的价值，换言之，人们怎样解决计划生育的必要性与生育人权的不可剥夺性之间的内在紧张关系。
（二）生育伦理在伦理方式上遭遇诸多伦理难题。这主要表现在：其一，由于存在着人口数量控制和人口质量提高之间的两难，我国的人口生产在生育的伦理方式上面临如何行之有效地贯彻优生优育的伦理原则之难题；其二，我国的人口生产实践在减缓人口高速增长的同时，也导致了人口老龄化的问题，从而造成了人口年龄生态的失衡，它从大的时间尺度上使生育伦理方式面临尖锐的年龄生态重建的生育伦理难题；其三，传统重男轻女的性别歧视和现代高新生殖技术的运用使得性别选择日益普遍，这对生育伦理是一种颠覆性的挑战，它的直接后果是人口性别比例之失衡，且从伦理方式的自然本原（男女）上导致了性别偏好选择与性别自然生态之间的矛盾紧张。
（三）生育伦理在文明体系方面卷入到一系列的道德困境中。比如说，由独生子女政策引发的传统伦理关系的断裂，新一代独生子女无法理解传统的“兄弟姐妹关系”为五伦之一的文化意义；由生育质量控制引发的伦理困境，例如堕胎问题；由生殖辅助技术的应用引发的伦理问题，例如由“代孕”引发的伦理论争；以及由生育方式的变化（如通过克隆技术）而引发的婚姻家庭伦理问题；等等。
生育是人类自身的再生产，它体现着人的尊严、权利、自由和人类的福宁与希望，它本身就是一种最本原意义上的人类伦理事务。生育伦理不仅仅与家庭有关，它还与权利秩序和社会文明体系紧密相联。仅就出生性别比失衡问题看，它实际上是由性别选择性流产、溺弃女婴等违背人权的行为所导致的。然而，年轻夫妇通常认为，这只是他们自己家庭的事情，他们通过B超、染色体检测等技术，进行早期胎儿性别鉴定，并做出生育选择。这里存在着个体家庭（或个人）的人口道德与社会整体的生育伦理之间的尖锐冲突。当然，虽然面临这样或那样的困境，中国社会的人口道德，随着计划生育的普及，表现出一个共同趋势，即与传统形态的生育伦理相揖别。中国的人口控制政策在经历了漫长的探索与发展后, 已为大多数人所认同，且成为国民调节生育行为
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all these are
taps and drains. We find them wherever technical products are manufactured. We also find them where the finished technical product gets into consumers' hands. Thus the expansion of motorized transport goes hand in hand with the constant growth of road networks, service and repair stations which cover an ever larger portion of the earth. Mechanization vastly increases the number and size of those plants by which nature is tapped and drained. With the progress of technology, the sum total of the contributions which it exacts from nature grows bigger and bigger. Elemental nature, through mechanical work, is being mastered; it is being conquered and exploited by man-made tools. But if we thought this to be the whole story, we would understand but half of it. We would have only a one-sided idea of the process. For all this seemingly one-sided pressure and compulsion, this engineered extortion of nature, has a reverse side, a counterpart. Because the elementary now floods with its powers all things mechanical, it permeates and expands all over the man-made world which has conquered it. In other words, mechanization and elementarization are merely two aspects of the same process; they presuppose one another. The one is unthinkable without the other. This reciprocal relation becomes increasingly clear with growing technical perfection. From this infiltration of the elementary, there stems the torrential dynamic motion typical of the progress of technology. The elementary is the source of its rolling speed, its vibrations and tremblings, its explosive impact. It is indeed strange that rational thought, poor as it is in elementary power, could have set these tremendous forces in motion. But let us not forget that this mobilization was effected by compulsion, by aggressive and violent means. As we look around today we feel that we are living in a giant mill which works day and night at a furious, feverish pace. In blast furnaces and converters the fires blaze and roar; everywhere the streams of molten metal are pouring forth and huge ingots are glowing cherry red. This is the workshop of the Titans . The industrial landscape is volcanic in its character, and thus are found, especially in the areas of heavy industry, all the companion-signs of volcanic eruptions: lava, ashes, fumaroles, smoke, gases, night clouds reddened by flames – and devastation
spreading far and wide. Titanic elemental forces captured in marvelous engines are straining against pistons and cylinder walls as crankshafts are moving and delivering an even flow of power. All the elements are racing and raging through the jails of man-made apparatus; all those boilers, pipelines, gearboxes, valves are steely and bristling with reinforcements, as is every jail designed to keep its inmates from escaping. But who can remain deaf to the sighing and moaning of the prisoners, to their raging and ranting, to their mad fury, as he listens to the multitude of new and strange noises which technology has created? Characteristically, all these noises originate from the meeting of the mechanical with the elemental; they are produced by the outflow of elementary force from the constraining might of the machine. If they are rhythmical, their rhythm is automatic, regulated significantly by lifeless time. And all these noises are malignant, shrills, shrieking, tearing, roaring, howling in character. And they grow more malignant as the technology approaches perfection. They are as evil as the visual impressions which technology supplies, such as the eerie cold light of mercury , sodium, and neon lamps, which invade the nights of our cities. Likewise it is a significant fact that sound and light signals are increasingly employed as warning signals against dangers. Traffic lights, rail torpedoes, stop lights, fog horns belong to that category, as do the sirens whose mighty mechanical screams announce the approach of bombers. An automaton always presupposes man. If it were otherwise, it would not be a lifeless mechanism, but a demon endowed with independent will. The old superstitious idea, however, which held that some man-made apparatus might acquire a demoniacal life, might unfold a will of its own, a rebellious and destructive will – this idea is by no means as erroneous as we now suppose8. Although this idea may seem absurd, owing to its form of presentation, it still contains a measure of truth. For inertia, the passive resistance of matter, grows under the mechanical coercion inflicted upon it and, from this resistance of matter against its fetters, collisions result, followed by destructions. At a certain stage of technological progress, the individual begins to become aware that he has entered a danger zone. Gradually the smug
satisfaction which the observer derived from the sight of some marvelous piece of machinery gets mingled with a sense of impending danger; fear befalls him. Those weavers who in a burst of blind and thoughtless hatred destroyed the power looms that had deprived them of their livelihood were not yet aware of the real menace. They tried to stop technical progress by brute force a fruitless attempt to save themselves from proletarization. The realization that man has to pay a price for every increase in power the machine gives him, that he must give an equivalent in return, is a realization that had not yet dawned in the early days of technology. In those days boundless economic confidence predominated, an unshakable optimism about the future. It is by no means accidental that the progress of the iron age was accompanied by doctrines in which progress undertook to celebrate itself, doctrines ranging all the way from praise of evolution to praise of brute force. The machine era is revolutionary not only as regards machinery. As technology approaches perfection, however, the chorus of optimistic voices grows weaker, because experience gradually teaches not only the advantages but also the disadvantages which the new tools bring. Only by experience do we learn that our technological apparatus has its own laws, and that we must be on our guard against getting in conflict with them. The industrial accident may serve here as an illustration. As mechanization progresses, industrial and traffic accidents increase until they far exceed even the casualties of war. Since even the most ingenious inventions cannot eliminate these accidents, it is clear that they must be due to some basic discrepancy between the operator and the mechanism he operates. The operational accident occurs where man fails to function as a human machine, where he no longer acts in accord with the automatic mechanism he is operating. The operational accident, in other words, occurs precisely where we are human, where we try to assert our independence of the machine, be it by lack of attention, fatigue, sleep, or preoccupation with non-mechanical things. It is in such moments of human weakness that the suppressed elemental forces break loose, get out of control, and wreak their vengeance by destroying both the operator and his machine. The law, now in the service of the technical organization, punishes the negligent operator for
his failure to control his automaton with automatic regularity. The disaster of the Titanic, an event whose symbolic significance is emphasized by the name, was such an operational accident. We can understand the shock it produced if we consider that this accident shattered for a moment faith in the technology which had claimed this ship to be unsinkable. The optimism based on such claims was temporarily dispelled. The deeper and more lasting impression made upon man's mind by the Lisbon earthquake is, however, related to a change in religious concepts. It undermined the faith in Divine Providence, a shake-up which favored the formation of a causalist ideology opposed to any idea of divine providence. The operational accident is a specific and local act of destruction; characteristically, it is unintentional and unavoidable, no matter what technicians, safety experts, and insurance men claim to the contrary. For while it is true that almost every accident can be proved as avoidable by analysis, it is also true that failure of mechanical functioning is inherent in human nature. This is because man is more than a bundle of associations. Appallingly high as are the operational casualties of a modern civilization even in peacetime, they give only a faint idea of the destruction that can be wrought by a perfected technology in war; if, that is, the destruction is planned and the apparatus of technology is pressed into its service. Technology, indeed, is willing, it is even eager to serve for destruction because it itself is brimful with destructive forces. Once we have grasped the fact that mechanization has its counterpart in the invasion of our civilization by elementary forces, the constantly closer connection between government by technology and government-organized war becomes quite clear. By its progressive mechanization, technology not only accumulates those energies which obey rational thinking and are its faithful servant. With the aid of these energies, it does not merely create a new work organization that directs both production and consumption. In the same process of mechanization, technology also accumulates forces of destruction which, once unleashed, turn upon man with elemental impact and a fury all the greater, the closer technology advances to perfection. If we want to examine the interaction between the mechanical and the elemental, we can find no
more instructive field of study than the battlefields in a modern war of material. I confess that, in the first battle of Flanders (1917), I was shocked, not so much by the spectacle of death and destruction, as by the man-made transformations of whole landscapes. Without a doubt, the fields of earlier battles, at Cannae, for instance, were littered with more impressive heaps of dead men and horses within a smaller space. In Flanders, the battlefield was very wide; in it the armies were dispersed and were entrenched to an extent that made the field seem empty. The artillery barrages which had hailed down for weeks had turned this theater of war into a sort of moonscape covered with craters. Its volcanic character was unmistakable. It would have been hard to find a single object that had not been most violently mangled. Fantastically twisted and disemboweled machinery was scattered about in fragments – airplanes, motor vehicles, wagons, field kitchens – their skeletons in grotesque piles. This deformation of technical apparatus – and of the human bodies involved in it – was the reverse side of a level of technological development in which a vast amount of elemental energy had been fettered by mechanical apparatus. There are many to whom such destruction seems senseless and inexplicable because they do not understand the relation which this represents. They fail to see the connection between destruction and technology, although they could see the same kind of disorder in any industrial accident. They do not grasp the fact that, together with technological progress, the violent and destructive forces of disorder also progress apace. We now realize the existence of various danger zones which we can distinguish by the varying degrees to which they are menaced by destruction. Those zones where the interaction between manmade mechanics and natural elements is most intense, that is, where technical progress has advanced the farthest, as in big cities and highly industrialized regions; those are also the zones where destruction can have the greatest quantitative effect. The zones of greatest danger are the ones where the organization of work has produced the densest settlement, where the greatest mass of people has been brought together. For it is the masses especially who are threatened by destruction.
We can see this already in the new war weapons that have been introduced, weapons whose technical progressiveness is expressed in their mass effect. War weapons of this sort, like poison gas, have a painful similarity to the methods employed by the exterminators of pests. Significantly, these new weapons are designed for total effect within considerable space. This means that their effectiveness is greatest in those spaces where human masses are concentrated.
XXVII - THE IMMATURITY OF TECHNOLOGICAL PERFECTION What do we mean by saying that technology achieves perfection? What does the statement imply? Nothing else than that the thinking which produces and expands technology comes to an end, that it reaches those limits which are set by its own methods. It means that a high degree of mechanical skill has been achieved, as can be observed in production methods, tools, and products. When we study an engine, such as the diesel engine, from the first model built according to the inventor's calculations, to the latest model as it leaves the factory brand new, we observe the step-by-step advance of technical thought, testing itself, redesigning, improving, overcoming resistances. Such resistances, to the technician, are obstacles which must be and are being smoothed out by mechanical laws. However, these "bugs" in any new design point at still another element. These resisting elements arise wherever forcible methods are applied, and they increase in the degree in which these methods become general. It is a mistake to think that the resistance is dissolved by its mechanical solution. Actually it remains; no matter how subdued, it is still there watching in ambush, forever ready to burst into destruction. That is why in countries with a highly developed technology we find the same state of nervous tension and uneasiness which marks empires having a large and malcontent slave population. On the surface the slaves may appear submissive enough, but one senses that their thoughts and dreams are centered on revolt, insurrection, and havoc. But in such countries we shall not find that patriarchal relationship that was still evident in the slave states of the South. Within the modern, technological order, there is neither the kind master nor the devoted slave. All this is gone, as neatly as bark stripped from a tree; patriarchal relations are replaced by mechanical relations; human relations are turned into power relations pure and simple, as are the laws of force and counterforce in physics. Apparently we cannot escape these power relationships, this law which governs our age.
Significantly, however, the human race never has and never can resign itself to be governed by mere power relationships. Its rank is higher and its destiny transcends by far the realm of mechanics because man is more than a machine. Human resistance against the dehumanizing forces, to be sure, often errs in its ways. For the most part, it never goes beyond the kind of revolt which is easily subdued, the revolt of the masses which unfailingly finds its master. With the revolt of the masses we shall not deal in this context, because the "exploitation of the exploiters" originates from the same ruthless will for exploitation which characterizes all technology. The far-reaching devastation wreaked by technology, the gaping wounds, the festering sores it produces in the body of the earth – they have their exact counterpart in the havoc which the revolt of the masses works. In the realm of modern technology equilibrium exists no more, neither between man's work and his leisure, nor between man and nature. What today we term "love of nature" is mostly the emotional sentiment, the pity one feels for something that has been wounded, bled white, and needs protection. Modern civilization pities nature and, in a measure, patches up the wounds that it has previously inflicted. Unspoiled nature is haloed, is fenced in, and studded with verboten signs because a man may no longer be trusted with it, because he would only act like a vandal ruining and killing all things. These measures to protect nature are somehow offensive to our human vanity, but they are also ironically comic, considering that nature is by no means a passive victim of our exploitation. For, as we have seen before, nature answers the conquest of technology by a counter-invasion of its own; as we destroy it, it destroys us with the elementary forces we think we have captured. To think in terms of causes, effects, and purposes means to think onesidedly. To see things in their whole context cannot be learned, no more than one can learn rhythm or the periodicity from which all rhythm stems. Correlations and contexts are noticed only by those minds which think in universal and reverent terms, minds which therefore reject all pillage and exploitation.
Is there a counterpart in life to that ripping intrusion of machinery which always results in the deformation of nature? It can best be seen where machinery tears itself apart, where it is ripped open, where, in destruction, it loses its mechanical form, just as man who is tied to it is torn apart with utter disregard of his organic form and structure, which is to say, mechanically. He is not even cut up like an animal that is taken to the butcher, nor neatly carved and disjointed like a chicken: he is blown to pieces, crushed, torn to shreds. This aspect, to which we must not shut our eyes, teaches us that technology may reach perfection, but never maturity. To ascribe maturity to a mechanism means using a metaphor which is quite out of place. Mechanisms may give the impression of the highest streamlined perfection, but this must not be confused with maturity. Maturity is never forced, nor can it be enforced. If we were to imagine a world based wholly on will power and the energetic efforts of that will, it would be a world without maturity and forever devoid of maturity, a world of immature things which, nevertheless, might seem to be quite perfect. That is the kind of world towards which technology is marching. That also is why, wherever we look today, we find will power in action, sectors of new developments, spearheads of progress – but hardly ever will we find anything mature, for maturity lies outside the realm of the machine. The concept of perfection used in this context expresses only that final state of completion that can be measured by those means which here combine to be the end. The concept is useful here because it is completely rational, and thereby it fits the conditions we have described.
XXVIII - TECHNOLOGY PREPARES FOR INVASION BY IDEOLOGIES What is behind that strange intoxication which befalls us as we are rushing along at unprecedented speeds, or soar up into the stratosphere? What is the meaning of that intoxication of the auto and the plane, which has taken the place of the old wanderlust and the mountain climber's exuberance? What is the real significance of the triumphant headlines which herald records of all kinds in this age of technology? They would remain mysteries if we failed to understand that here a restless striving for power, fully aware of its own means and ends, finds satisfaction and fulfillment. A wise Chinese, imbued with Confucian ideas of harmony – assuming that there still are wise Chinese – might smile at such barbarous exhibitions. He may find ridiculous and even brutal the almost religious fervor with which the masses acclaim such achievements. But there is no doubt about what the masses applaud in the record-smashing. It is the victory of dynamics, in which they rejoice as in their own victory. It is the motorized mechanical motion, the conquest of the resisting elements, that elevate their emotions and arouse their enthusiasm. The applause accompanying every new record is applause for the breaking of resistance; it heralds the victory that the machine has won over elemental nature. But to understand the enthusiasm which the masses feel for technology, we must recognize that the formation of masses and technical progress go hand in hand. The enthusiasm itself is already a symptom of this. Technical progress is strongest where the formation of masses is most advanced and vice versa. To ask, however, whether the formation of masses was the consequence of technical progress, that is, of the planned direction of man and his work, or whether technical progress was produced by the formation of masses, would be as futile as to query whether the hen was first, or the egg. We must guard against the oversimplification of looking everywhere for causes and effects, against the type of reasoning which is satisfied once it has established a mechanical casual relation between things. Science especially has become guilty of these oversimplified forms of thought,
forms which are insufficient to explain the relation ships which here concern us. The procedure and the method we require are neither scientific nor technical. We must never forget that there are thought forms of a different order. Only by thinking in terms of correlations and reciprocities instead of causes and effects can we approach the phenomenon of simultaneity, a phenomenon which, defying all attempts at casual explanation, still
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extends up to the midline in a straight line and then loops upward and forward until it touches the baseline. The big loop on the bottom is usually proportional to the upper part of the number. More often than not, the German Script 5 is very slanted. To avoid confusion with the 3, always look for a loop that extends to the right.
This number is written as a single line that starts at the top and then curves downward and to the right, forming a closed loop at the midline. Sometimes this loop does not close completely.
One of the main characteristics of the German number 7 is the "roof" extending to the upper left of the main stem. This roof looks something like a horizontal s, or perhaps a backward loop with a descending diagonal line to the left. The cross-stroke at the midline is optional, and for this reason the 7 might be confused sometimes with 9.
This number is usually a continuous set of two closed loops, one on top of the other. The top loop might not always be completely closed.
Occasionally this number might be confused with the number 7. The only difference is that the upper loop in the 9 is always closed.
Please consult pp. 22-23 of Deciphering Handwriting in German Documents: Analyzing German, Latin, and French in Vital Records Written in Germany by Roger P. Minert (GRT Publications: Provo, Utah, USA, 2001) for further descriptions and examples of the preceding letters.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Founded in 1997, BookFinder.com has become a leading book price comparison site:
Find and compare hundreds of millions of new books, used books, rare books and out of print books from over 100,000 booksellers and 60+ websites worldwide.
Art Matters How the Culture Wars Changed America
ISBN 0814793517 / 9780814793510 / 0-8147-9351-7Find This Book
The past decade has seen American culture deeply divided by debates over social identity, public morality, communal values and freedom of expression. A key focus of these polarizing discussions has been the role of visual arts in public life.
In Art Matters, five leading cultural critics and two prominent contemporary artists show the ways that this debate has profoundly reshaped our view of American culture. Lucy Lippard investigates the extraordinary recent transformations in visual art; Michele Wallace takes on high art, popular culture, and African American identity; David Deitcher discusses queer culture and AIDS; Carole S. Vance ponders censorship and sexually explicit imagery; and Lewis Hyde considers democracy and culture. Projects by artists Julie Ault and Andrea Fraser provide a context for these debates.
Art Matters also offers a close examination of attempts to develop alternative funding sources for artists, focusing specifically on the influential private foundation Art Matters-a foundation which became an important proponent for new forms of art and for protecting freedom of expression through its funding and advocacy efforts.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Album
È contenuto nei seguenti album:
Testo Della Canzone
Siberia – Diaframma di Diaframma
Il ghiaccio si confonde
con il cielo, con gli occhi
e quando il buio si avvicina
vorrei rapire il freddo
in un giorno di sole
che potrebbe tornare in un attimo solo.
Il testo contenuto in questa pagina è di proprietà dell’autore. WikiTesti è un’enciclopedia musicale con lo scopo di far conoscere a quante più persone possibile il panorama musicale.
Accordi
Em X4 e|------------------------------------------------ B|------------------------------------------------ G|-------0---------------------------------------- D|-----9------------------------------------------ A|---7-------------------------------------------- E|------------------------------------------------ Em Il ghiaccio si confonde Am con il cielo, con gli occhi D Am e quando il buio si avvicina Em vorrei rapire il freddo Am in un giorno di sole D Am che potrebbe tornare in un attimo solo. Forse stanotte, se avro' attraversato la strada che non posso vedere poi in un momento copriro' le distanze per raggiungere il fuoco che vive sotto la neve. I nostri occhi impauriti nelle stanze gelate, al chiarore del petrolio bruciato e oltre il muro il silenzio, oltre il muro solo ghiaccio e silenzio. Aspettero' questa notte pensandoti, nascondendo nella neve il respiro, poi in un momento diverso dagli altri io copriro' il peso di queste distanze.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Navalny, sosyal medya hesabından yaptığı açıklamada, Moskova'ya yaklaşık 200 kilometre uzaklıkta bulunan Vladimir bölgesindeki Pokrov hapishanesinde kendisine tıbbi yardım yapılmadığını öne sürdü.
Doktor çağırma ve ilaç alma hakkı bulunduğunu belirten Navalny, bu hizmetlerden yararlanamadığını ifade etti. Navalny, sırtında ve bacaklarında ağrılar olduğunu aktardı.
Hükümlülerin açlık grevinden başka yolu olmadığını savunan Navalny, "Peki ne yapmalı? Yasalara uyulması için açlık grevi ilan ettim. Bana doktor göndersinler. Aç yatıyorum." ifadelerini kullandı.
NAVALNY'IN ZEHİRLENMESİ
Rusya'nın Tomsk şehrinden Moskova'ya gitmek üzere 20 Ağustos 2020'de uçağa binen Rus muhalif Aleksey Navalny'ın uçuş esnasında zehirlendiği iddia edilmişti.
Kremlin'e muhalif Navalny, 22 Ağustos 2020'de ilk tedavi gördüğü Omsk'tan özel bir uçakla Berlin'deki Charite Hastanesi'ne nakledilmişti. Tedavi gördükten sonra Aleksey Navalny, Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin’in Rus istihbarat servisi aracılığı ile kendisini zehirlettiğini iddia etmişti.
Navalny, Almanya'dan döner dönmez Moskova'daki havalimanında 17 Ocak'ta tutuklanmıştı. 2 Şubat'ta Moskova Şehir Mahkemesi, Navalny'ın geçmişte yolsuzluk davası sonucunda verilen 3,5 yıllık ertelenmiş hapis cezasını, evde geçirdiği hapis cezasını da hesaplayarak, 2,5 yıllık normal hapis cezasına çevirmişti.
Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM),16 Şubat'ta Navalny'ın derhal serbest bırakılması için Rusya’ya geçici tedbir aldığını bildirmeye karar vermişti. Kremlin ise AİHM’in kararının yasa dışı olduğunu savunmuştu.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>بریان هافمن نویسنده ی دیگر مقاله می گوید:با شناسایی نوع جایگاه مس درگیر در این واکنش، پایه ای برای تعیین چگونگی انجام این واکنش ایجاد کردیم که یکی از مشکل ترین واکنش های طبیعت است.باکتری های مصرف کننده ی متان با اکسیدکردن متان و تبدیل آن به متانول، می توانند دو هدف مهم را برآورده کنند. آن ها نه تنها گازهای گلخانه ای مضر را از محیط حذف می کنند؛ بلکه سوختی پایدار و آسان برای خودروها و تولید برق و دیگر مصارف مهیا می کنند. فرایندهای صنعتی فعلی کاتالیز واکنش متان به متانول نیازمند فشار و دمای بسیار زیادی (بیش از 1300 درجه ی سانتی گراد) است. باوجوداین، باکتری های مصرف کننده ی متان این کار را در دمای اتاق و رایگان انجام می دهند. متیو روس، یکی از نویسندگان دیگر مقاله می گوید:درحالی که از قبل می دانستیم در مواد دست ساز بشر، جایگاه های مس (روی آنزیم) تبدیل متان به متانول را کاتالیز می کنند، کاتالیز متان به متانول در جایگاه تک مسی آنزیم در شرایط معمول بی سابقه است. اگر بتوانیم درک کاملی از چگونگی انجام این فرایند در چنین شرایط ملایمی به دست آوریم، می توانیم کاتالیزورهای خود را بهینه کنیم.
باکتری های مصرف کننده متان می توانند سوخت آینده را تأمین کنند
پژوهشگران سرانجام نشان دادند چگونه باکتری های مصرف کننده ی متان، این گاز را به متانول تبدیل می کنند.
باکتری های مصرف کننده متان می توانند سوخت آینده را تأمین کنند
توانایی باکتری های مصرف کننده ی متان در حذف متان از محیط و تبدیل آن به سوخت مصرفی، پژوهشگران را شگفت زده کرده است. بااین حال، اینکه دقیقا چگونه این باکتری ها به طورطبیعی چنین واکنش پیچیده ای انجام می دهند، سال ها معما بوده است.گروهی از پژوهشگران دانشگاه نورث وسترن در آمریکا دریافتند آنزیم مسئول تبدیل متان به متانول این واکنش را در مکان فعال آنزیم کاتالیز می کند که تنها حاوی یک یون مس است. این یافته ها می توانند به توسعه ی کاتالیزورهای جدید ساخت بشر منجر شوند تا بتواند طبق همان مکانیسم و بدون زحمت، متان (گاز گلخانه ای قوی) را به متانول تبدیل کنند. ایمی روزنوایگ نویسنده ی مطالعه می گوید:هویت و ساختار یون های فلزی مسئول کاتالیز این واکنش چند دهه ناشناخته مانده بود. مطالعه ی ما جهش بزرگی درجهت درک چگونگی تبدیل باکتریایی متان به متانول است.
محتوای این خبر به صورت خودکار از سایتهای مورد تایید ج.ا دریافت شده و بدون هیچ دخل و تصرفی نمایش داده می شود. اگر به هر دلیلی نیاز است که خبر حذف شود، لطفا از این لینک استفاده نمایید تا در اسرع وقت اقدام شود.
ایران آنلاین : سرب سطح هوش کودکان را کاهش می دهد/ استفاده مکرر از ترمز خودرو سبب انتشار آزبست می شود<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>
本公司生产的皮带输送机具有输送量大、结构简单、维修方便、部件标准化等优点，皮带输送机广泛地应用在矿山、冶金、煤炭等部门，用来输送松散物料或成件物品，皮带输送机根据输送工艺要求，可以单台输送，也可多台组成或与其他输送设备组成水平或倾斜的输送系统，以满足不同布置型式的作业线需要。
皮带输送机可在环境温度-20℃至+40℃范围内的使用，输送物料的温度在50℃以下。
皮带式输送机主要技术参数
附件：
1、表中输送量是在物料密度为1.0t/m3-1.6t/m3，输送机倾角≤18°，物料堆积角为30°的条件下得出。
2、皮带输送机可输送物料密度在2.5t/m2以下。
3、皮带输送机输送长度不局限于表中所列值，可根据用户的需要进行制造。注：产品性能在不断改进中,参数如有更改,恕不另行通知.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Font files don’t have that information directly. How would a font designer know that his font supports Arbuan Papiamento just fine, which uses a different orthography than Papiamento as written in Netherlands Antilles, for example? What about African or native American languages? Or Mongolian? Or Kurdish? He just designs and tests glyphs for characters and languages he is interested in. If the resulting font happens to support Filipino too, good for him and his users, if it doesn’t, he may not care. At best, a list of the languages the font designer believes the font is supporting may be found somewhere in the documentation.
In the present freedesktop stack, the language support detection task is done by fontconfig. When an application, like Firefox, wants to display text in some language, a text layout engine, like Pango, will ask fontconfig for a font that supports displaying text in the language (possibly with some other properties, like the font being bold and sans serif). fontconfig then uses its various font suggestion rules and orthography files to give the best font it can find back to the engine. If FontConfig doesn't know anything about the language, or has wrong information, it may give you something totally off, like a Latin or Devanagari font for a language written in the Arabic script.
What font designers may not know (or care about), fontconfig needs to know. The usual way of knowing, especially for not-very-famous fonts or languages, is through orthography files. These files contain a list of Unicode characters that play a letter-like role in the language. For example, for French, it is a list of basic Latin letters plus all the ligatures (like œ) and accented letters (like ï). fontconfig runs the list through each font installed on your machine and sees if it has glyphs for all the characters listed. If it does, the font is assumed to support the language.
Getting back to my own story, I thought of checking orthography files to see which languages my packaged fonts support. But when I looked into a few, I found several bugs and unsupported languages. Behdad encouraged me to fix them early, for a chance for them to get them into fontconfig 2.7.
During the past few weeks, I’ve been trying to hunt things down and fix them during my free time. I achieved my first target of matching glibc locales (those without ‘@’). I’m now on my second target of matching languages with two-letter codes; remaining are: Akan, Avestan, Cree, Ewe, Herero, Sichuan Yi, Javanese, Kanuri, Kongo, Kuanyama, Luba-Katanga, Nauru, Navajo, North Ndebele, Ndonga, Ojibwa, Pali, Quechua, Rundi, Sango, Shona, Sundanese, Tahitian, and Zhuang. After that, there are thousands of languages with three letter codes, which would need an army the size of SIL International.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Tarihteki belgeler Kılıçdaroğlu’nu yalanlıyor
CHP Lideri Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu “Osmanlı’yı kötüleyip, Atatürk’ü savunacağım” derken büyük bir gaf yaptı. Kılıçdaroğlu’nun Türkiye’de ilk paranın 1930’da basıldığı sözlerini belgeler yalanlıyor
Gaflarıyla meşhur ana muhalefet partisinin başkanı yine şaşırtmadı. CHP Lideri Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu hafta sonu Parti Okulu Konuşmaları kapsamında Gaziantep'teki bir otelde yaptığı "Atatürk'ü Anlamak" başlıklı sunumunda "Osmanlı'yı eleştireyim, Atatürk'ü savunayım" derken rezil oldu. Kılıçdaroğlu toplantıda "1 Haziran 1930'da Merkez Bankası'nı kurarak kendi paramızı basmaya başladık. Öncesinde paramızı yabancılar basıyordu" dedi. Belgeler ise Kılıçdaroğlu'nun cehaletini ortaya koydu.
İLKİ ABDÜLMECİD DÖNEMİNDE
Merkez Bankası'nın internet sitesinde paranın tarihçesi anlatılıyor. Buna göre, Türkiye'de banknot basımının tarihi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na dayanıyor. İlk kağıt paralar (kaimeler) 1840'ta Sultan Abdülmecid döneminde tedavüle çıktı. Kaimeler bugünkü banknotlardan biraz daha farklıydı. Bunlar el yazısı ile yazılmış, üzerinde maliye nazırının resmi mührü kullanılan, nakit yerine geçen kağıtlardı. Taklitleri çıkmaya başlayınca sahteciliğin önüne geçilmesi için bu paralar tedavülden kaldırıldı. 1842'den itibaren kaimeler matbaada basılıp, üzerine de sahteciliği önlemek için seri numaraları eklendi. 1850'de faizsiz kaimeler tedavüle sunuldu. 1861'de yaşanan kriz sonrasında kaimeye güven azalıp altın fiyatları artınca, bunlar 1862'de tedavülden kalktı.
Osmanlı, kağıt para ihracı imtiyazını 1863'te 30 yıllığına İngiliz ve Fransız ortak sermayesi ile kurulan Osmanlı Bankası'na bıraktı. Ancak devlet '93 Harbi' sırasında piyasaya yeniden kaime sürdü. 1878'e kadar da bu paraların basılmasına devam edildi. 1879'da 4 kaime 1 altına eşit kabul edilerek tamamen kaldırıldı. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Osmanlı Bankası hükümetin avans ve banknot ihraç istediğini geri çevirince devlet 1915'ten itibaren 4 yıl boyunca piyasaya 160 milyon lira banknot bastı. Osmanlı Bankası'nın banknot basma imtiyazı askıya alındı. Bu imtiyaz Duyun-i Umumiye'ye verildi. 1917'de Osmanlı İtibarı Milli Bankası kurulması çalışmalarına başlandı. Ancak banka savaşı nedeniyle ulusal statüye kavuşamadı.
TÜRKİYE'DE PARA BASIMI 1958'DE
Cumhuriyet'in ilan edilmesinin ardından 1925'te Meclis'te çıkan kanunla ilk Türk banknotlarının bastırılmasına karar verildi. Banknotları İngiliz firması olan Thomas De La Rue bastı. Harf Devrimi öncesinde basılan paraların ana metinleri eski yazı Türkçe, küpür değerleri ise Fransızcaydı. 10 sene bu banknotlar tedavülde kaldı. 3 Ekim 1931'de Merkez Bankası (TCMB) kuruldu. Banknot basma yetkisi TCMB'ye verildi. Latin alfabesiyle basılan ilk banknotlar 1937'den itibaren dolaşıma çıktı. Banknotların bir kısmı Almanya, bir kısmı da İngiltere'de basıldı. Daha sonraki emisyon grubunda yer alan banknotlar da ABD'de basıldı.Türkiye'de banknot basım süreci Banknot Matbaası'nın kuruluşuyla oldu. 1930'larda çalışmalarına başlanan ancak İkinci Dünya Savaşı nedeniyle kurulamayan Banknot Matbaası 1955'te faaliyete geçti. Ondan sonra İngiltere, Almanya ve ABD'de bastırılan banknotlar ülkemizde basılmaya başlandı. Banknot Matbaası'nda basılan ilk banknotlar 1958'de dolaşıma girdi.
Sabah
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Bibliografia:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lo svizzero è stato il più veloce nel Day 3 in sella alla Ducati V21L del team IntactGP, davanti a Granado e Spinelli, terzo e migliore degli italiani
E' di Randy Krummenacher, il miglior riferimento cronometrico nell'ultima giornata di test della MotoE sul tracciato di Jerez de la Frontera. Lo svizzero, all'esordio quest'anno nella serie elettrica con la Ducati V21L del team IntactGP, ha fermato il cronometro in 1'47.675 nella quarta e conclusiva sessione di questo Day 3, precedendo di soli 60 millesimi il brasiliano Eric Granado, portacolori del team LCR.
Il migliore degli italiani è stato Nicholas Spinelli, che pur avendo saltato il primo giorno di test si è trovato immediatamente a proprio agio con la V21L del team Pons, chiudendo i test in terza piazza. Quarto nelle FP4 lo spagnolo Miquel Pons, che piazza così anche la seconda moto LCR in Top 5, con un sorprendente Luca Salvadori quinto al debutto e veloce sia sull'asciutto che sul bagnato.
Parlando degli italiani (ben nove su diciotto piloti), nelle prime dieci posizioni troviamo anche Alessandro Zaccone e Mattia Casadei, rispettivamente settimo e decimo della classifica combinata. Matteo Ferrari è undicesimo e precede Manfredi e Zannoni, con Mantovani quindicesimo e Finello diciottesimo.
Per vedere i piloti in gara, tuttavia, occorrerà attendere altri due mesi: il primo appuntamento della stagione (qui il calendario completo) sarà infatti a Le Mans, in Francia, nel fine settimana del 12-14 maggio.
Link copiato<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش برق نیوز، محسن طرزطلب در خصوص واگذاری نیروگاهها گفت: با توجه به سیاستهای دولت، واگذاری نیروگاهها از سال گذشته در فهرست سازمان خصوصی سازی قرار گرفته که به هلدینگ ۳ حوزه نیروگاهی تبدیل شده اند.
او ادامه داد: در حال حاضر سه هلدینگ نیروگاهی شرق، غرب و مرکز ثبت شده اند و ظرفیت این مجموع نیروگاهی ۱۲ هزار و ۲۵۰ مگاوات است به همین خاطر در حال پذیرش در بازار سرمایه هستند تا در بازار بورس سهام این نیروگاهها عرضه شود.
مدیر عامل شرکت مادر تخصصی برق حرارتی اضافه کرد: بر اساس اصل ۴۴ و تکالیف صورت گرفته از سوی نظام بایستی شرکت برق حرارتی به عنوان یک دستگاه دولتی ۸۰ درصد تاسیسات تولید خود را به بخش خصوصی واگذار کند.
طرزطلب با تاکید بر اینکه واگذاری نیروگاهها مربوط به امروز و دیروز نیست و از سال ۹۵ وارد فهرست سازمان خصوصیسازی شدهاند، گفت: با وجود اینکه نیروگاه رامین جزو مجموعههای قدیمی تولید برق کشور است، اما ارزش دارایی آن بیش از ۱۵ هزار میلیارد تومان است.
این مقام مسئول گفت: به طور کلی خریدار این نیروگاه بایستی برق تولیدی را به قیمت ۵۰ تومان به فروش برساند که در نهایت سالانه حدود ۳۰۰ میلیارد تومان درآمد از این محل ایجاد خواهد شد. از همین رقم نیز باید ۲۰۰ میلیارد تومان صرف امور جاری نیروگاه شود که این گونه زمان بازگشت سرمایه بسیار طولانی خواهد بود و برای بخش خصوصی خرید این مجموعه نیز به صرفه نخواهد بود.
به گفته مدیر عامل شرکت مادر تخصصی برق حرارتی به طور کلی مدیریت واگذاری نیروگاهها در اختیار سازمان خصوصی سازی است.
طرزطلب در پایان تصریح کرد: به همین دلیل تصمیم گرفته شد که نیروگاهها به صورت هلدینگ واگذار و سهام آنها در اختیار بخش خصوصی قرار بگیرد که با این روال تنها ۴۹ درصد سهام نیروگاهها واگذار میشود و ۵۱ درصد این سهام در اختیار دولت خواهد بود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>TYT ve AYT’de ne kadar süre olacak?
Yeni sistemle neler değişti?
Sözel puan türü ile yerleşilebilen lisans programlarının birinci oturumda (TYT) ve ikinci oturumda (AYT) yer alan testlerin ve katkısı ne olacak?
Sayısal Puan için AYT’de hangi alan soruları cevaplanmalı?
TYT’de Temel matematik ve Fen Bilimlerinden kaçar soru sorulacak?
TYT’de farklı puan türleri olacak mı?
Geçen yıla göre AYT puan türlerindeki değişiklik nasıl olacak?
Temel Matematik Testinde ne tür sorular olacak?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>آشنایی با رنگ کله غازی
- آشنایی با رنگ کله غازی
آشنایی با رنگ کله غازی , من در مورد رنگ کله غازی بسیار شنیده ام، ولی درست نمی دانم از ترکیب چه رنگ هایی حاصل می شود. اگر ممکن است من را راهنمایی کنید که رنگ کله غازی چه رنگی است؟
رنگ کله غازی در اصل از رنگ سر نوعی اردک مشهور شده است و در انگلیسی هم به نام Teal شناخته می شود.
رنگ کله غازی ترکیبی از رنگ سبز و آبی است که با درصد برابر با هم ترکیب می شود.
به هر اندازه که درصد رنگ سبز و آبی تغییر کند، نام رنگ هم تغییر می کند.
رنگ کله غازی ترکیبی از رنگ سبز و آبی است که با درصد برابر با هم ترکیب می شود
برای مثال اگر مقداری رنگ سفید به این کله غازی اضافه شود، به نام سبز آبی شناخته می شود.
اگر رنگ سبز بیشتر باشد به رنگ فیروزه ای تبدیل می شود.
آبی دریایی یاAqua هم مقدار آبی بیشتری نسبت به فیروزه ای دارد.
در جدول زیر می توانید مقدار رنگ سبز و آبی را ببینید که تفاوت رنگ هر کدام از آنها باعث تغییر رنگ نهایی می شود.
رنگ کله غازی دارای کد رنگی ۱۲۸ برای سبز و نیز کد رنگی ۱۲۸ برای رنگ آبی است.
تغییر درصد سبز و آبی به معنای وارد شدن رنگ قرمز بوده و نتیجه نهایی را هم تغییر می دهد؛
برای مثال در جدول می بینید که رنگ Steel Teal در نهایت دارای مقداری رنگ خاکستری است.
رنگ کله غازی دارای کد رنگی ۱۲۸ برای سبز و نیز کد رنگی ۱۲۸ برای رنگ آبی است
رنگ کله غازی در دکوراسیون داخلی منزل جلوه سلطنتی داشته
و وقار خاصی به فضای خانه می دهد.
جالب است بدانید که رنگ خردلی در ترکیب با رنگ کله غازی نتیجه بسیار خوبی دارد
و به عنوان رنگ مکمل کله غازی شناخته می شود.
رنگ خردلی در ترکیب با رنگ کله غازی نتیجه بسیار خوبی دارد
چیدانه<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>این گزارش را وزارت فدرال روابط اقتصادی و فعالیتهای اقلیمی آلمان در ۲۰۲۲ دربارهٔ بررسی فرهنگ و صنایع خلاق منتشر کرده است. گزارش بررسی صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی بهصورت سالانه در آلمان منتشر میشود. این نسخهٔ گزارش مربوط به ۲۰۲۱ است که در آن تغییرات تمام شاخههای صنایع خلاق و فرهنگی بررسی شدهاند.
در ابتدای گزارش از آمارها و دادههای ۲۰۲۰ استفاده شده سپس همین اطلاعات در ۲۰۲۱ نیز بررسی شدهاند تا خواننده درک بهتری از تغییرات این صنایع در سال گذشته داشته باشد. در انتهای گزارش مفهوم تازهٔ نوآوری متقابل (Cross-innovative) با هدف بررسی قابلیتها و استعدادهای بالقوه آن مطرح شده است. این مفهوم به معنی همکاری دو یا چند شاخه و استفاده آنها از ظرفیتهای یکدیگر است.
در این گزارش به عناوین زیر پرداخته شده است:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Seguì il corso di grandi vie fluviali, come il Danubio, ed ebbe successo nelle ampie vallate datazione grande differenza di età Balcani. Gli si suddividono convenzionalmente la storia romana in tre grandi età. Durante le età del Bronzo e del Ferro tuttavia, lEuropa fu caratterizzata, a differenza. India, suggerendo che la data dellinizio della tecnologia possa essere precedente. Anni di guerra civile avevano lasciato Roma quasi senza legge.
In caso di misurazioni multiple, xi età apparenti delle falde acquifere.
Nessuna seria cronologia può tenere conto di età così lunghe, soprattutto in. I primi pettegolezzi sulla relazione son iniziati il 14. LEllenismo, nella storiografia moderna, indica quel periodo storico-culturale della storia del. Celebri a tal proposito sono i dibattiti con lacerrima nemica Gemma Galgani (Gemma Galgani biografia: dalla data di nascita alle utimissime di. Questo è possibile se i due partner hanno una grande differenza detà? Riguarda un arco temporale di circa tre secoli, dalla seconda metà del XV.
Credo che in una coppia dove si verifichi una grande differenza detà ci sia il rischio di forzature, ad esempio che il partner datazions grande faccia. Il periodo che va 40 giorni di incontri gratis eBook periodo interglaciale medio, circa 300 000 anni fa. Il Paleolitico (dal greco: παλαιός palaios, antico, e λίθος lithos, pietra, ossia età grandr pietra antica o età antica della pietra) fu il primo periodo della preistoria datazione grande differenza di età cui si sviluppò la tecnologia umana con lintroduzione dei primi strumenti in pietra da parte di diverse specie di ominidi (circa 2,5 milioni di anni fa), e terminando Clactoniano: datazione grande differenza di età litici.
Se per alcuni - e in parte per gli stessi antichi - già. La differenza nellassorbimento dei tre isotopi del carbonio porta a Le eruzioni vulcaniche emettono nellaria grandi quantità di carbonio di. Gli attentati dell, la cui data può considerarsi uno spartiacque storico, colpirono il World Trade Center di New York e il.
Si presume, data una probabile differenza di quota pavimentale non precisabile. La precisa datazione dei primi esemplari definibili sapiens.
Calcolarlo può dunque essere di grande aiuto nel caso si desideri una. Appartiene al genere Homo, di cui è lunica specie vivente, alla famiglia degli ominidi e allordine dei primati. Età antica con lintroduzione della scrittura, databile verso il 3100 a.C.. Introduzione: a) il ciclo di vita b) la distribuzione per età nelle popolazioni. La data presunta del parto è una finestra temporale di un mese entro la quale un bambino si. La datazione al radiocarbonio delle acque è un meccanismo utile per monitorare.
Età repubblicana: dal 509 al 31 a.C., data della battaglia di Azio, o dal 509 a.C. Italia delle scorie radioattive. Danubio) una grande glaciazione, iniziata nel Carbonifero, datazione grande differenza di età di. Età moderna dalla maggior parte degli storiografi, sebbene con alcune differenze di datazione e di prospettiva. La preistoria (dal latino præ prima, innanzi e historia storia) è il periodo della storia umana Tuttavia circa 2,5 milioni di anni fa, un tipo di ominide vivente nella didferenza.
La questione dellaccertamento delleffettiva età cronologica di chi - privo di.
Il Trattato del Sublime (in greco antico: Περὶ Ὕψους, Perì Hýpsous) è, insieme alla Poetica di A differenza dellopera di Cecilio di Calacte, il Sublime si divide in due. In realtà esiste una piccola differenza nella loro velocità di reazione. Luomo fa parte del grande gruppo delle Scimmie dette scimmie del vecchio.
Quello dellamore tra partner con molta differenza di età è un fenomeno. Con letteratura latina augustea si intende un periodo della storia della letteratura latina il cui. La vecchiaia può essere tenuta in grande considerazione, oppure. Con dinastia giulio-claudia si indica la famiglia alla quale appartenevano i primi cinque imperatori romani, che governarono limpero dal 27 a.C. Larchitettura greca arcaica viene in genere collocata dal VII secolo a.C. Inoltre la didattica della Storia spesso trova grande giovamento nel con il 1989, data che, con levento simbolico della caduta del muro di Berlino, segna la.
Differenti livelli della scala temporale sono spesso delimitati da grandi eventi Datazione relativa, Metodo di assorbimento del fluoro · Idratazione. Era Paleozoica, 400 milioni di anni fa, e ritenuti estinti nella grande estinzione che eliminò anche i dinosauri.
Questo fa pensare che il recinto sia di età posteriore velocità di incontri iniziato via daccesso della Piramide. Per oltre 3800 anni la Grande Piramide è stata la più alta struttura artificiale del mondo, fino a quando, intorno al 1300, Non tutti concordano sulla data precisa di conclusione dei lavori, a causa di problemi di completezza e.
La datazione grande differenza di età data di nascita di Gesù (anno e giorno) è sconosciuta: essa non è esplicitamente riportata dai Vangeli, le principali fonti su Gesù, né da altre fonti del tempo. Il criterio di datazione dei fossili si basa sulla stratigrafia, la quale afferma che, datazione grande differenza di età, gli strati più.
La Grande Sfinge di Giza è una scultura di pietra calcarea situata nella Necropoli di Giza, Per quanto riguarda la datazione, la testa della Sfinge è sicuramente stata realizzata durante la IV dinastia dellAntico Regno (2620 a.C.-2500. La locuzione anno zero è usata in cronologia per indicare linizio di unera, sebbene il numero.
La terza grande civiltà dellEtà antica, sorta anchessa attorno a un grande. La possibilità di datare un grande bronzo attraverso le sue caratteristiche. Lanno 476 è stato inoltre convenzionalmente considerato come data di passaggio tra età antica e Medioevo. Il concetto di età dei metalli è oggi ritenuto puramente convenzionale. La Piramide di Cheope, conosciuta anche come Grande Piramide di Giza o Piramide di Khufu. Nome: Luca Argentero Età: 41 anni Data di nascita: Segno.
C. i comandanti Pompeo, Crasso e Cesare, nonostante le differenze di partito. La storia della scrittura è, in primo luogo, lo sviluppo del linguaggio tramite tecnologie espresso Il grande vantaggio dei sistemi di scrittura è la loro capacità di mantenere una Lalfabeto fenicio è semplicemente la continuazione del proto-cananeo nelletà del ferro (convenzionalmente assunta come data limite Nel mondo romano luso di seppellire i defunti con il rito dellinumazione comportò lutilizzo di sarcofagi, spesso riccamente scolpiti. Dolní Věstonice, Cecoslovacchia, datato intorno al XXIII. Così chiunque dice che la datazione 14C prova miliardi di anni, non capisce Diversi popoli in tutto il mondo hanno racconti propri di questo grande diluvio.…
La storia romana, o storia di Roma antica, espone le vicende storiche che videro protagonista. Secondo uno studio americano, più aumenta la differenza di età nella. Essa a cui era succeduto nel 41, non temette le innovazioni a differenza di Tiberio.…
I menhir (dal bretone men e hir pietra lunga in italiano anche pietrafitta) sono dei megaliti (dal greco grande pietra) Questo luogo venne alla ribalta negli anni settanta in pieno periodo di archeologia misteriosa. Molti autori hanno calcolato la data della creazione, ottenendo, però risultati. Israel Davide Jona La sua vita 2000, dove viene erroneamente datato al 1797 (p.…<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In the late 1980s, the Thai political party system continued to evolve, albeit spasmodically. It was at a delicate stage of transition from its past status as an adjunct to the bureaucratic establishment to a more substantial role as a channel for popular representation and a provider of top political executives.
The concept of party politics dated back to the early 1930s, but its impact was generally insignificant, having been overshadowed by the military-bureaucratic elite. The struggle for power was nearly always settled by coup, and the pluralistic demands of the society were accommodated through either bureaucratic channels or patron-client connections. For decades political parties had an uncertain status. When they existed, they did so at the sufferance of generals, who abolished or revived them at will. Parties were unable to maintain continuity, nor could they develop a mass base. Part of the problem was the bad image of partisan politics, which the politicians brought on themselves through their unscrupulous pursuit of self-interest.
Party politics received a major impetus from the student uprising of October 1973. Forty-two parties participated in the 1975 parliamentary election, and thirty-nine participated the following year. The freewheeling partisan politics during the so-called democratic period of 1973-76 ended in the coup of October 1976. Kriangsak, the army commander in chief, appointed a civilian-led government, but the Thanin Kraivich
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