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布达佩斯的犹太人，让人在晚上，让你在一起，让你的感觉和你一起玩，而不是在跳舞，然后吃个零食。不可能是在迪拜的历史上，忘记了希特勒的所有的东西斯波克·斯提奇原始的原型，——从一开始，所有的人都开始了。2004年，在北境大楼的街道上区域他们在一个社区里建立一个社区的人，让他们在一个““自由的地方”里。不想让他们更喜欢住在建筑上，然后把它从建筑上拿出来，然后把它从建筑上拿出来，然后把它从别的地方拿出来，然后把它变成一种混合的东西，然后把它变成一种摇滚明星。
这个项目是个新的开发商，把它卖给了一个新的传统。在这个城市里，是在新泽西的郊区，在当地的新社区生活趋势。在城市中的一种不同的城市，建立了一种不同的环境，而在现代环境中，创造了一种独特的环境，使环境变得很复杂，而且却被破坏了。在大的停车场，甚至包括“甚至”，甚至有一台甚至是他们的车，甚至可以让人做。
在布达佩斯广场，在白天，在夜间活动活动中，社区活动活动，包括社区和其他设施，包括社区的活动。每天早上在超市的超市每天都在超市，一个人平板电视和市场。
在布达佩斯，被遗弃在聚光灯下，没有人会看到自己的耻辱。这会持续到未来的迹象。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>My Dog is Limping
When a dog limps, he is usually doing so because one or more of his limbs hurt or because his normal range of motion has somehow been altered. The most important initial distinction to make is whether the limp is bad enough to prevent the dog from bearing any weight on the affected limb.
What to Look For
The next step is to try to first identify which limb has the problem and then to pinpoint exactly where the source of the problem is. To figure out which limb is bothering your dog, watch him walk for a while. Usually a dog will come down heavier on his healthy limb and avoid putting substantial weight on the limb that is bothering him. You can identify this by observing your dog's head when he walks. The comfortable limb will be placed on the ground and his head will go down at the same time. His head will tend to come up when the uncomfortable limb is on the ground.
Next, you'll need to examine the limb that's bothering your dog. I like to start by examining a limb that I'm pretty sure is uninjured, starting at the toes and working my way toward the body. This gives me an idea how the dog responds to pressure he is not accustomed to so I can compare it to his response to similar pressure on the affected limb. It may also instill some trust in a dog, who might otherwise think I'm trying to take advantage of his injury.
Examine each of the following areas:
Webbing: The spaces between many dogs' toes are connected with soft skin that stretches and provides a large surface area for swimming. This skin is often sliced by sharp objects a dog is likely to walk on, such as glass and metal. If such a slice is bleeding, stitches and antibiotics are usually appropriate. In addition, foreign objects - such as gravel, tar, and thumbtacks - can get wedged in between a dog's toes, causing a limp that should resolve once they are removed. A variety of masses, cysts, and infections, however, can arise between a dog's toes and should be evaluated by your veterinarian.
Pads: Dogs have six protective pads on their front paws (this includes the one at the back of their carpi, or “wrists”) and five on their hind paws. These are usually leathery in texture and are simply a thicker form of skin than exists elsewhere on a dog's body, with a higher percentage of hardened protein-rich tissue called keratin.
Like the rest of a dog's paw, these pads can be sliced by sharp objects and can bleed if cut through the outer “horny” layer. They can also develop warts, become sensitive from walking on hot surfaces, and can grow abnormally hard, dry, or irritated due to chemical exposure or dietary imbalances.
Joints: Any one of the many joints in a dog's limbs can be the source of enough discomfort to result in a limp. Discounting the multiple joints of the paws, there are three major joints in each limb of a dog. A dog's front limb consists of the carpus (or wrist), the elbow, and the shoulder. The hind limb includes the tarsus (or ankle), the stifle (or knee), and the hip. Check each of these joints by applying light pressure and then increasing the pressure to moderate. If no discomfort is noted, try gently lifting the limb and slowly duplicate a normal range of motion. By supporting the entire limb, you can examine each joint in isolation and hopefully identify the source of the limp.
Bones: There are approximately 321 bones in a dog's body. Bruising or fracturing of many of them could cause enough discomfort to result in a limp. Check the leg bones by visual observation first. Look for swelling, bleeding, or other signs of injury or asymmetry. Similar to examining the joints, examine the long bones of the limbs by applying mild to moderate pressure along their entire length. You can verify any suspected irregularity or abnormality by comparing it to the other healthy limb.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Quanti vivono dopo la rimozione dello stomaco a causa dell'oncologia?
Il cancro dello stomaco è nelle posizioni di partenza nella parte superiore dei tumori più pericolosi e comuni. Ma i moderni metodi diagnostici possono rivelarlo anche nella fase iniziale. Quando il tumore è localizzato sulla membrana mucosa dell'organo, non si metastatizza ancora, è molto più facile e sicuro rimuoverlo, la prognosi in questi casi è abbastanza favorevole.
Diagnosi e specificità del trattamento chirurgico
Il metodo principale per identificare e analizzare l'oncologia del tubo digerente è la fibrogastroscopia (FGS) - esame dell'esofago utilizzando uno speciale strumento endoscopio. Spesso, durante questa procedura, il paziente viene sottoposto a biopsia, cioè un campione della mucosa gastrica viene prelevato (a volte da più punti) per i test di laboratorio (analisi del succo per reazioni, sangue nascosto, i suoi componenti). Cosa mostra una biopsia dello stomaco. Il compito principale dell'analisi è di confermare o negare la presenza di un tumore, per rivelarne la natura: benigna o maligna.
È molto importante consultare un medico in tempo, non perdere il momento giusto e iniziare il trattamento in modo tempestivo. Sfortunatamente, questo non è sempre possibile anche per le persone attente alla loro salute. Dopo tutto, quante vite sono state perse a causa del fatto che il cancro di questo organo nelle fasi iniziali è quasi asintomatico. Le sue manifestazioni cliniche sono spesso confuse con i segni di altre malattie e non attribuiscono un significato speciale a loro.
Il principale metodo di trattamento del cancro gastrico rimane chirurgico:
- resezione subtotale (rimuovere quasi tutto il corpo del corpo).
- resezione 2/3, 3/4 dell'organo (resezione distale);
- antrumectomia (ritaglia la parte pilorica dello stomaco);
- Gastrectomia (rimozione completa dell'organo). Questa tecnica viene utilizzata quando c'è un tumore maligno, un'ulcera incurabile, un'anemia grave. È considerato palliativo, cioè la vita non si prolunga in modo significativo, ma elimina la sofferenza.
Nelle fasi iniziali, l'outlook è sempre positivo. Quasi sempre si usa il metodo della laparoscopia endoscopica (la procedura viene eseguita attraverso punture nella cavità addominale con l'aiuto di uno strumento speciale - un laparoscopio, che taglia il tumore). Durante l'operazione, il chirurgo deve necessariamente rimuovere l'apparato legamentoso, l'omento maggiore e parte dei linfonodi interni (dissezione dei linfonodi), poiché sono i più suscettibili alle metastasi.
Gli oncologi giapponesi suggeriscono di estendere l'area di rimozione durante l'intervento, poiché, secondo i ricercatori, questo prolunga la vita del paziente del 15-25% della prognosi standard. Ma un tale punto di vista non è ancora generalmente accettato. La rimozione chirurgica di un tumore allo stomaco non dovrebbe solo proteggere una persona, ma anche garantire comfort e ritorno alla capacità lavorativa.
Per aumentare l'efficienza, la resezione dell'organo nel cancro può essere completata con la chemioterapia (la moderna polichemioterapia prolunga la vita del paziente anche con un tumore non operabile), la tecnologia del trattamento endolinfatico (introduzione di farmaci speciali attraverso i linfonodi). Il medico può anche radioterapia preoperatoria per aumentare le possibilità di successo. Di norma, se è approvato, spendi 3 corsi prima e 3 dopo laparoscopia.
Suggerimento: prima dell'intervento, il paziente deve imparare tutto sulla tecnica del suo funzionamento, le previsioni, le attrezzature. Dopo tutto, l'uso di tecnologie imperfette provoca lo sviluppo di gravi complicazioni e quante persone per questa ragione sono state disabilitate, nessuno lo saprà per certo.
Dopo l'intervento chirurgico, è prevista la probabilità di complicanze cardiovascolari (in particolare, la formazione di coaguli di sangue) e il sistema polmonare. Ciò è in gran parte dovuto non ad un errore da parte del medico, ma alla presenza di una malattia concomitante. Il rischio aumenta per i pazienti da 60 anni, perché il 65% di loro soffre di malattie croniche. Può anche essere infiammazione purulenta-settica, sanguinamento, fallimento dell'anastomosi (la divergenza della cucitura è stata osservata in circa il 3% dei pazienti). Negli istituti di profilo non oncologico la probabilità di complicanze aumenta più volte.
Funzionalità nel cambio di potenza
La dieta durante la rimozione dello stomaco durante l'oncologia è principalmente finalizzata a ripristinare il processo di assimilazione del cibo, il corretto metabolismo. I pasti della dieta dovrebbero essere scelti in modo tale che questo rapporto di nutrienti sia realizzato:
È necessario abbandonare i prodotti che provocano gonfiore, carne, chicchi di caffè. È necessario mangiare il cibo in piccole porzioni, necessariamente frazionarie (5-6 volte al giorno). La sua temperatura dovrebbe essere la temperatura ambiente.
Consiglio: con la composizione della dieta, preferisci le insalate (spinaci, asparagi, barbabietole, carote), frutta matura, cereali facilmente digeribili, latticini, olio naturale. Assicurati di seguire le dinamiche di aumento di peso, se è stato notato un calo. La qualità e la velocità della riabilitazione dipendono da questo.
La dieta dopo l'operazione con un'ulcera allo stomaco è molto simile a quella descritta sopra, ma si concentra ancora sulla consistenza semi-liquida dei piatti, non usando verdure fresche ma cotte.
Statistiche dell'aspettativa di vita dopo la resezione
La vita di termine dopo rimozione dello stomaco per cancro in ogni caso è individuale
Quanti vivono dopo l'intervento? La sopravvivenza dipende dallo stadio della malattia e dalla qualità del trattamento. La prognosi è questa: nelle principali cliniche, il tasso di mortalità dopo la fine delle operazioni radicali (per rimuovere l'organo) non supera il 5%.
Se viene utilizzato un trattamento radicale, circa il 95% dei pazienti si sente bene per almeno altri 10 anni. Con l'implementazione della resezione subtotale, completa rimozione dello stomaco, circa 5 anni vivono dal 60 al 70% delle persone. E nelle fasi successive della probabilità di vivere altri 5 anni c'è solo il 30-35%.
Prevenzione del cancro gastrico
- Conduci uno stile di vita sano.
- Osservare pasti adeguati e regolari (non si può mangiare troppo, mangiare un sacco di cibo in scatola, sottaceti, carni affumicate, sottaceti, enfatizzare verdure, verdure, frutta, cereali integrali, latticini nella dieta).
- Smetti di fumare e alcol.
- È necessario impegnarsi attivamente nell'esercizio fisico, nello sport.
- Sottoporsi a esami preventivi.
Per evitare il cancro, ognuno dovrebbe prendersi cura della propria salute e sottoporsi a fibrogastroscopia profilattica ogni anno. Almeno 2 volte durante lo stesso periodo, i pazienti con disturbi sistemici dell'apparato digerente, coloro che sono a rischio (età 60 anni, predisposizione genetica, malattie croniche) dovrebbero visitare il medico.
Dopo 45 anni, i gastroenterologi raccomandano esami regolari 1 volta in 2 anni. Il cancro dello stomaco può svilupparsi anche con una piccola ulcera, che sarà saturata da cellule patologiche, quindi il problema della prevenzione e del monitoraggio della loro salute è cruciale.
Vita dopo resezione dello stomaco. indubbiamente continua, ma è necessario apportare alcune modifiche e cambiare il solito stile di cibo. Circa 1 milione di persone sono ammalate con questo organo alla fine di questo organo sul globo, e questo non dovrebbe essere dimenticato. È anche importante ricordare che la qualità della vita alla fine di un trattamento radicale del cancro dipende dallo stadio del tumore al momento di andare dal medico. La probabilità di una prognosi favorevole è molto più alta con il pronto inizio della terapia.
Attenzione! Le informazioni sul sito sono fornite da esperti, ma sono solo a scopo informativo e non possono essere utilizzate per l'auto-trattamento. Assicurati di consultare un medico! È possibile registrarsi per un ingresso pagato. selezionando un medico e facendo clic sul pulsante "iscriviti".
Come vivere dopo la gastrectomia senza uno stomaco
Le persone che si trovano ad affrontare la rimozione dello stomaco e che hanno perso la naturale possibilità di un trattamento chimico e meccanico del cibo nello stomaco dovrebbero adattarsi a principi anatomici e fisiologici della digestione completamente diversi. Seguendo le raccomandazioni del medico sulla dieta e lo stile di vita, è possibile vivere senza uno stomaco quasi allo stesso ritmo.
Quando viene eseguita un'operazione
L'operazione di rimozione completa dello stomaco o gastrectomia è grave e traumatica. Spesso si tratta di una misura estrema, che ricorre ad essa se è noto che il trattamento conservativo non sarà in grado di salvare il paziente.
Durante l'operazione di rimozione dello stomaco, l'esofago è completamente collegato direttamente al duodeno.
- Il motivo per tale operazione il più spesso diventa un tumore maligno.
- Molto meno frequentemente, la gastroectomia viene eseguita per un tumore benigno, ad esempio, poliposi mucosa multipla, perforazione della parete dello stomaco o sanguinamento ulcera peptica.
Se il motivo dell'operazione era un tumore maligno, viene eseguita una gastroectomia espansa, cioè contemporaneamente alla rimozione completa dello stomaco, escissione degli epiploon, della milza e dei linfonodi regionali.
Adattamento dei pazienti dopo gastrectomia
La riabilitazione e l'adattamento alle nuove condizioni nutrizionali dura circa un anno. Durante questo periodo, possibili complicazioni:
- Esofagite da reflusso Infiammazione della mucosa dell'esofago, dovuta all'abbandono dei contenuti intestinali e della bile dall'intestino tenue.
- Sindrome da dumping Si verifica a causa dell'ingestione di cibo non trasformato nell'intestino ed è accompagnato da crisi vegetative - vertigini, sudorazione, debolezza, palpitazioni e talvolta dopo aver mangiato un singolo vomito.
- Sindrome anemica.
- Rapida perdita di peso
- Ipovitaminosi: la maggior parte delle vitamine viene assorbita nello stomaco. In sua assenza, le connessioni necessarie non vengono digerite. Correzione - somministrazione parenterale di complessi multivitaminici.
Questi sintomi concomitanti sono annotati da tutti i pazienti, comunicando sul forum e condividendo le loro esperienze mentre vivono dopo la rimozione dello stomaco.
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method is based on the knowledge that the people a person comes to know in a lifetime are made up of various subpopulations (e.g., categories of people, such as family, doctors, mailmen, people named “Rose,” etc). If we know the size of a subpopulation from publicly available statistics, such as how many mailmen there are or how many people there are named “Rose,” and we know how many people a person knows from this subpopulation, we can make an accurate estimate of a person’s total network size.4 This approach assumes that the composition of people’s social networks mirrors the presence of a specific subpopulation in society (e.g., if one out of 100 people in the population have a characteristic, 1/100 people in a person’s network should share this same characteristic).
This assumption is generally true, but can be further adjusted to increase accuracy, which depends on four other factors. The first is network knowledge (e.g., you may know someone, but not know they are a mailman). The second is recall accuracy (e.g, people tend to overestimate the number of people they know from small subpopulations and underestimate from larger ones). The third is knowledge of a large number of subpopulations, and the fourth is exposure or social mixing (e.g., older women may have been exposed to more people named “Rose,” than, say, younger men). To maximize the accuracy of our estimate we did four things: 1) we asked about subpopulations that have high recall – people’s first names, 2) we chose names that represent between 0.1%-0.2% of the population – subpopulation sizes that has been found to minimize recall errors , 3) we used a relatively large number of subpopulations – 12 unique names, 4) and we selected a balance of male and female names that were popular at different time periods – they roughly balance each other out in terms of likelihood of exposure over time and minimize any bias as a result of age and gender.5. We used data on the popularity of first names provided by the U.S. Census.] Scaling up using this method, we found that the (see Appendix B, Table B1, for a detailed table):
- average American has an overall network of 634 social ties
- average internet user has 669 social ties, compared with non-users, who have an average of 506 ties.
- average cell phone user has 664 social ties
- average SNS user has 636 social ties
Similarly, the more frequently someone uses the internet, the larger his network tends to be. The average person who uses the Internet at home several times per day, has a network of 732 ties, while someone who uses the Internet only once a day has a network of 616 ties.
In addition, mobile phone users average 664 ties, and those who have internet access through a mobile device like a smartphone or tablet computer tend to have about 717 ties.
Self-selection for social networking site platforms means that LinkedIn and Twitter users have larger overall networks.
While the average person who uses a SNS has about the same number of social ties as the average American, there is considerable variation by SNS platform. Users of MySpace (694) and Facebook (648) have a statistically similar number of social ties. Users of LinkedIn (786) and Twitter (838) have significantly larger overall networks than Facebook users (see Appendix B, Table B2, for a detailed table).
Once we control for demographic factors, most types of technology use are not related to having either a larger or smaller number of overall social ties (see Appendix C, Table C1, for the regression analysis). For example, LinkedIn and Twitter users have more overall social ties because of the demographics of their users. When we control for demographic factors, we find no difference in the size of people’s overall networks based on which SNS they use. LinkedIn users tend to have more friends because, unlike most social media, they are disproportionately male, and they also tend to have more years of formal education. At the same time, while Twitter users are more likely to be women than users of any other SNS, they are also disproportionately more educated. As a result, on average Twitter users tend to have larger social networks.
Mobile phone use and instant messaging users are associated with having a larger overall network.
Unlike the use of specific SNS platforms, the use of a mobile phone and the use of instant messaging services (IM) are associated with having more overall friends, even when we controlled for demographic factors. Mobile phone users have social networks that are on average 15% larger (an additional 73 ties) than those who do not use a mobile phone. Those who use instant message tend to have 17% more social ties than those without the internet and those who do not use IM (an additional 85 ties).
We do not know if mobile phone and IM users have larger social networks because of how they use these technologies, or if they use these technologies because they have larger networks. It is possible that the relationship runs in both directions. Either way, if loneliness is measured by the deficit of social ties, we find no evidence that technology plays a negative role. On the contrary, the use of a mobile phone and IM are associated with larger overall social networks.
Overall, Americans have more close friends than they did two years ago.
We found that the average American has just over two discussion confidants (2.16). This is a modest, but significantly larger number than the average of 1.93 core ties reported when we asked this same question in 2008 . Similarly, 9% of Americans reported that they had no one with whom they could discuss important matters; significantly less than the 12% of Americans who told us in 2008 that they had no one with whom they could discuss important matters. In addition to fewer people being socially isolated, more people reported having more than two confidants than was reported in 2008. On average, one in five Americans added a new close social tie over the past two years (see Appendix B, Table B3, for a detailed table).
The average user of a social networking site has more close ties and is half as likely to be socially isolated as the average American.
The average internet user is less likely to report having no discussion confidants (7%), and they tend to have more close ties (average of 2.27) than non-internet users (15% of non-internet users have no close ties, and they average 1.75 discussion partners). SNS users are even less likely to be socially isolated; only 5% report having no discussion confidants, with an average 2.45 close ties.
Facebook users have more close connections.
However, as when we examined the size of people’s full social networks, much of the difference in core network size and the use or non-use of different technologies can be explained by the demographic differences between internet users and those on the other side of the digital divide (see Appendix C, Table C2, for the results of our regression analysis) .
Education is one of the strongest predictors of having more close social ties. For example, those with a 4-year university degree average 12% more close ties than those with only a high school diploma (we also note that we again replicate a well-known finding on social networks, while women’s overall networks tend to be smaller; they have more close social ties – about one extra core confidant).
Still, even when we control for demographic variables, we find that the use of some technologies are still associated with having more close ties. Here are the examples:
- Internet users average 14% more discussion confidants than non-users.
- Those who use instant message average 12% more core confidants than other internet users, or 25% more than non-internet users.
- The use of SNS in general was not found to have a negative relationship with the number of overall close ties. However, frequent users of Facebook have larger core networks. For example, someone who uses Facebook a few times per day tends to have about 9% more strong ties.
To summarize, then, after we control for demographic characteristics, we do not find that use of any SNS platform is associated with having a larger or smaller general overall social network. However, we do find that Facebook users are more likely to have a larger number of close social ties. Facebook use seems to support intimacy, rather than undermine it.
How much of Facebook users’ overall network is connected on Facebook? About half.
Using our scaling-up method, we compared the size of Facebook users’ overall network to the number of people that they had friended on Facebook. We also asked Facebook users to report on how many of their Facebook friends were family, coworkers, neighbors, classmates or former classmates, and contacts from voluntary groups of which they are a member.
The average adult Facebook user reports that they have 229 Facebook friends. When we compare the number of Facebook friends to the number of active social ties in people’s overall social networks, we find that the average user has friended 48% of his/her total network on Facebook. However, we also find something that at first glance seems unusual.
Some 11% of Facebook users report having more Facebook friends than their estimated overall network size.
There are two possible explanations for this trend. The first is that these extra people are actually strangers, not truly “friends” at all. The second is that these people are not strangers, but are “dormant ties.” Dormant ties are social ties that were once potentially very important and active in someone’s social network, but for various reasons, such as moving or changing jobs, have become dormant. Since they are not active ties, these ties are not as likely to be recalled by respondents as part of the method we used to measure total network size. To conclude if these are strangers, or if they are dormant ties, we need to know more about the composition of users Facebook “friends.”
The largest single group of Facebook friends consists of people from high school.
We asked people to classify their Facebook friends into the following categories: immediate family, extended family, coworkers, neighbors, people they went to high school with, classmates from college/university, members of voluntary groups/associations, people they had never met in person, and people they had only met in person one time. We found:
- The average Facebook user’s friends list consists of 56 people from high school; 22% of their total friends list.
- This is followed by extended family, which make up 12% of people friends list, coworkers (10%), college friends (9%), immediate family (8%), people from voluntary groups (7%), and neighbors (2%).
- Over 31% of Facebook friends are not classified by Facebook users as family, coworkers, neighbors, classmates from school, or people from voluntary groups. We speculate that these remaining ties are predominantly dormant ties and friends-of-friends.
Only a fraction of users’ Facebook friends are people users have never met in person or met only once.
A very small number of Facebook friends are people that we might refer to as strangers. The average Facebook user has never met in-person with 7% of their Facebook friends. An additional 3% are people they have only ever met in-person one time.
Social networking sites are increasingly used to maintain contact with close social ties
While most people tend to have a very small core network of close social ties, a large segment of users maintain these ties using social networking services. Fully 40% of social networking site users have friended all of their core discussion confidants. This is an increase from 29% in 2008.
In 2008, it was primarily SNS users under the age of 23 who friended their closest social ties. In 2010, with the exception of those who are 50-65, 40% or more of social networking site users in all other age groups – including those over the age of 65 –have friended all of their core discussion confidants.
Are social networking site users’ overall social networks less diverse?
We measured the diversity of people’s social networks in terms of the variety of people they know from different social positions (this is a broad measure of diversity, not specifically a measure diversity in terms of people’s contacts with those from other racial or ethnic groups, or their political perspectives.) Our measure is based on the understanding that people in different social locations in society can provide different types of resources. People in high prestige positions tend to have social resources tied to income, education and authority, while those in lower prestige positions have special skills and can offer unique opportunities. The more different people someone knows, the more likely he or she is to have access to a range of resources. We asked people if they knew anyone in twenty-two different occupations that ranged in occupational prestige.6 We transformed these items into an additive scale that ranged from 0-100 to ease interpretability.
The average internet user’s network is more diverse than those who do not use the internet.
In 2010, the average American scored 42 on the scale of network diversity. This is identical to the findings reported in Pew Internet’s 2008 report on social isolation . On average, internet users (who score 43 on our diversity scale) have significantly more diverse social networks than non-users (who score 38) (see Appendix B, Table B4, for a detailed table).
Self-selection for social networking site platforms means that LinkedIn users have more diverse social networks than users of other social networking site platforms.
There is variation in the diversity of SNS users overall social networks depending on the platform they use. On average, LinkedIn (47) users have overall networks that are more diverse than those who use MySpace (37), Facebook (39), and Twitter (42) (see Appendix B, Table B5, for a detailed table).
However, the difference in overall network diversity between users of different SNS platforms can be explained by the characteristics of users that are drawn to each site (see Appendix C, Table C3, for the results of our regression analysis). Controlling for demographic factors, we find that internet users score just over 3 points (3.3) higher on the scale of diversity. But we find no relationship between the use SNS and the diversity of people’s overall social networks – use is not associated with a more or less diverse network.
Nonetheless, we do find that those internet users who maintain a blog are likely to have slightly more diverse networks. The average blogger scores more than 3 points (3.4) higher than other internet users.
How strong is the relationship between internet use and the diversity of people overall social networks?
Education is the best predictor of a diverse social network. Each year of education is associated with 1.5 additional points on the diversity scale. From this perspective, internet users have a boost in network diversity that is equivalent to about two years of formal education, bloggers have a boost of about four years.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Toothache cannot always be avoided but a good dental routine is the best way to prevent it from happening. Brushing teeth properly twice daily, flossing and regular check-ups at the dentist are all necessary for maintaining teeth and gums in top shape but this may not always be enough.
Principal reasons for toothache include:
– Overly vigorous brushing
– Teeth grinding
Aching teeth could also be indicative of “a case of severe tooth sensitivity” which may be a result of chipped or damaged tooth enamel. Your dentist should always be informed of any toothaches to evaluate the situation and further reading on the topic can be found at https://yourdentalhealthresource.com/what-are-the-causes-of-toothaches/<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>章节目录 第四百一十一章 崇明（2）
在原崇明县城以西二十里处，长沙洲上，新建的崇明新城。新城以胶泥夯土所建外面包了一层砖，城高两丈，周长四里，内可容纳三四万人口。
城内新规划了两条十字交叉的街道，街道中心是新建的肃虏侯府，由于一切初创，仅仅建了一栋大殿几处偏房。
大殿正中议事厅中，崇明的众文武正聚集一堂，进行议事，第一个议题，就是随迁百姓的安置工作。
“经过统计，此次随我军来崇明岛的共一万三千五百二十一户，计十九万两千八百人。”沈廷扬先向任思齐报告了迁移百姓的详情，此次百姓的安置，任思齐已经责令沈廷扬全面负责。
撤出扬州的百姓共八十余万，路上坚持追随的也有三十万人，没想到抵达崇明的还不到二十万！
因为任思齐对扬州士绅的打压，使得大部分的士绅富户们都不愿跟随，他们虽然逃出了扬州也只是避开清兵的锋芒，等风头过去之后估计大部分人会重新回到扬州城中，选择做大清的顺民，这一批人以及他们的亲戚家族就占了扬州人口的一半。还有很大的一部分人是有亲友可以投靠，或者乡下有田产土地，出城后选择了自行离开。而真正选择跟从岱山军撤退的只是一些相对贫困没有多少出路的平民，这一批人大概有三十万人。
可是在图赖所部对撤退队伍的反复袭扰中，很多百姓被杀，一部分聪明者觉得跟着大队前进会成为清军屠杀的对象，从而自己偷偷的离开了。真正坚持到最后的也就不到二十万人。
可是就这么多人已经很难安置了！崇明岛上原有的人口也才万余人，现在一下子涌入了这么多。
“已经把他们安置到了岛上各处，围着滩涂沼泽所在，下一步就是组织他们围着滩涂开荒种田。”沈廷扬介绍着移民们的安置情况，崇明岛上荒芜的很，多处是沼泽滩涂，四处长满了芦苇。好在现在已经进入了夏日，移民们随便找个地方就能安家，安置下来之后，他们自己就会想法修建自己的家园。
“粮食现在储备如何？”任思齐问起了最关心的问题，岛上现在这多人，粮食的供应最为关键。
“这一个月来，我们派出大量的船只四处购买粮食，现在岛上储备了有三十多万石粮食，省着点吃够吃三四个月吧。而且咱们可以派出大量人手出海打渔，岛上的妇人孩童也可以在海滩上捡拾鱼贝，粮食供应倒不是很紧张。”沙福向着任思齐介绍道。
早在下令撤出扬州之前，任思齐就命令崇明岛上的沙福等人大肆采购粮食，从扬州富商那里缴获的数百万两银子派出了极大用场，每日都有无数
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با پروانههای اجتماعی معمولی که در دنیا میبینید متفاوت باشند.
ممکن است از نزدیک شدن به آنها بترسید، اما نترسید: این افراد مهربان هستند و بیش از آنچه انتظار دارید به احساسات شما پاسخ خواهند داد. در اینجا شواهد زیادی وجود دارد که نشان میدهد محبت به سرعت بازمیگردد، پس خودتان را افشا نکنید. این فرد شگفت انگیز برای شما مناسب نیست، او منتظر است تا خود را معرفی کنید.
قلب آبی
ایده سنتی قلب آبی یک قلب سرد است … آیا این برای شریک زندگی شما صادق است؟ بیایید دریابیم.
چیزی که من را در مورد کارتهای خواندن شما جلب میکند این است که هیچ یک از آنها احساسات زیادی را ایجاد نمیکنند. من احساس می کنم که طرف مقابل شما آرام تر و منطقی تر خواهد بود، به خصوص با کارت اعتدال . این بدان معنا نیست که آنها دوست ندارند و سرگرمی های خود را ندارند، اما ممکن است در نشان دادن احساسات خود محتاط تر باشند.
چرا اینطور است؟
شخص مهم شما از یک رویداد منفی بزرگ در علامت وارونه جان سالم به در برده است که آنها را در مسیر بیداری معنوی قرار داده است. آنها شخصیت خود را به طور اساسی تغییر داده اند. منتظر کسی باشید که معنویت پیدا کرده باشد، وسواس رشد شخصی دارد یا تغییرات عمده ای را در آنچه در زندگی برایش ارزش قائل است، پشت سر گذاشته است.
اما این اتفاق تاثیر بسیار مثبتی بر آنها گذاشت. این ستاره نشان میدهد که اگرچه ممکن است به اندازه دیگران احساساتی نباشند، اما همچنان به همان اندازه اهمیت میدهند – حتی به افرادی که به خوبی نمیشناسند. مجانی می دهند و می دهند.
این به خاطر کارت ملکه پنتاکلس برای شما و کسانی که در حلقه نزدیک آنها هستند آشکارتر خواهد بود . این یک کارت ارائه دهنده است و جفت روح شما فردی عملی و دلسوز است. حتی اگر از لحاظ کلامی و فیزیکی در جمع محبت نداشته باشند، در خانه بسیار دوست داشتنی خواهند بود و احتمالاً زمان زیادی را با شما سپری خواهند کرد.
به نظر می رسد هدف آنها در زندگی اطمینان از همسویی زندگی آنها با ارزش هایشان باشد. این بدان معنی است که حتی اقدامات معمولی روزانه نیز بخشی از یک برنامه شخصی بزرگتر است. این کسی نیست که بی پروا زندگی کند، همانطور که کارت اعتدال او نشان می دهد ، و بسیار صبور است. طرف مقابل شما برای رسیدن به سبک زندگی مورد نظر شما سخت کار خواهد کرد.
با این حال، مواردی وجود دارد که باید از آنها آگاه باشید. کارت کاهن اعظم معکوس نشان می دهد که طرف مقابل شما ممکن است کمی درونگرا باشد. شاید می خواهند از دنیا کناره گیری کنند. من فکر می کنم این به این دلیل است که آنها با وجود بیداری معنوی درک کمی از شهود خود دارند، بنابراین دائماً روی رشد معنوی کار می کنند. آنها احساس گمراهی می کنند و می خواهند خودشان را پیدا کنند.
من احساس میکنم که طرف مقابل شما یا شما لیاقت زندگیای را که میخواهند ندارند، بنابراین ممکن است از ترس اینکه بهعنوان یک کلاهبردار تلقی شوند، از شما و حتی خودشان رازها را پنهان میکنند. این ممکن است به این معنی باشد که رابطه شما گاهی دشوار خواهد بود. آنچه شما باید در این مورد بدانید در مرحله آزمایش است: بعید است که شریک زندگی شما خود واقعی خود را به شما نشان دهد و مدتی طول می کشد تا از پوسته خود خارج شود.
شما باید کارهایی را در رابطه انجام دهید تا به آنها بفهمانید که یک تعهد مادام العمر جذاب و ضروری است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>at the effect their system and laws had on our first formed governments and how it has helped mould our government of today.
I will examine if throughout the years, the progression of new laws and 'acts' eventually gave Australia full and true independence from British rule.
Paragraph 1-2 will explain how, from early settlment in the late 1700s, to the beginning of federation in 1901, the laws (legislation and the court systems) which were formed to accomodate the new fast growing colonies of Australia.
Paragraph 3 explains the evolution of the new colonies and the problems that arose from their seperate legal systems.This led up to' Federation' In Jan.1901, with the eventual joining of the colonies and the newly drafted Constitution.
Paragraph 4 tells how the Constitution changed the government into a federal government and what those changes entailed. Some of the first arguments and reasons from those who opposed federation and the new system are given.
Paragraph 5 shows how the Constitutution and federation established a federal system of government, with the one central government(Commonwealth)and regional governments(States).
Paragraph 6 states how the central government was divided into three seperate branches, all with seperate powers.It shows what those seperate powers entail and how they effect each branch.
Paragraph 7 shows how the Australia's growing independence away from Britain led to new systems of government such as the 'Statute of Westminster' .This system however still allowed Britain several legislative and constitutional links to State government so the 'Australia Act 1986' was assented, rendering the Australian states as subject to Britain.
Paragraphs 8-10 shows how over the years, political parties were formed to voice both opposition and approval to the remaining ties Australia still has to Britain. This led up to the question of 'should Australia become a republic' and a referendum was held in 1999.Arguments for and against Australia becoming a republic by both parties(ARM & ACM) are mentioned.
Paragraphs 11-12 describes events in which the office of the Governor-General had used its 'reserve powers' as written in the Constitution to effect the outcome of Australian political situations.
In 1787 the first shipment of convicts set sail for the newly discovered land known as New Holland, later renamed Australia .They arrived on January 26th 1788. The British Crown Colony settlement of New South Wales was established. As British settlers overseas, the the colonists were entitled by British tradition to govern themselves. 'The first settlers also came with the authority of 'The First Charter of Justice', which provided for the establishment of civil and criminal courts'(Hudson & Sharp1993,p12). Later, seperate new colonies were run under the same system of law.
The main colony of New South Wales which was a penal colony established it's own legislature in 1823 and formed the Legislative Council. The courts however practised like military tribunals rather than British courts and was often arbitrary as there was no trial by jurys. In 1814 a Second Charter of Justice established three new courts of civil juditure, The Governors Court, The Supreme court and the leuitenant Governors Court.(Hudson& Sharp1993,p27).
After a change of government in Britain colonial councils were told they could write up their own constitution for self government, local new laws were produced. Concerns over their validity however prompted the Imperial Parliament of Britain to pass the 'Colonial Laws Validity Act 1865' which defined the colonial parliaments constitutional limits. The 'Act' did state however that if any law passed were at odds with...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Why Recital is so important
Monday, June 8, 2015 by Jacqueline Savage | Recital
Published: Jun 8, 2015 | Category: Performance and Recital
This is fantastic article that explains why the piano teacher believes recitals are so important. Please check it out!
By Andrea Dow
12 REASONS WHY RECITALS ROCK
1. recitals provide a tangible goal to work towards. In having a set date and a pre-planned performance selection, your child learns how to manage their practice time and what it feels like to polish and perfect a piece.
2. Recitals provide an opportunity to feel successful. Learning the piano requires many, many hours of solo practice. Performing gives your child the recognition they deserve for their hard-work.
3. Recitals provide an opportunity for you to show your child that you value their involvement in music. Setting aside time in your busy life to attend a recital supports your children and their peers and shows your child that your family values music.
4. Recitals provide a chance for your children (and you!) to reflect upon where they've "come from" when watching beginning students. Progress at the piano can sometimes feel slow, but watching younger students perform reminds your children of the gains they have made and motivates them to continue to progress.
5. Recitals provide a chance for your children (and you!) to see "where they'll go" when watching more advanced students.
?There are few things more motivating to a piano student than watching their peers perform. They get to hear pieces that they will enjoy playing in the future, see more advanced technique first-hand and experience the pride that comes from becoming proficient at the piano.
6. Recitals provide a chance for your extended family to be involved in your child's piano education. Athletes get all the glory...everyone comes soccer games but no one really heads over to watch piano practice session! Involving grandparents and aunties and uncles in the recital audience gives your child an opportunity to share their hard work with the ones they love.
7. Recitals provide a chance for your child to experience nervousness...and to realize that those feelings are okay. we like to protect our children from feeling uncomfortable, but in "real life" these feelings are part-and-parcel of being human. Early experiences with successfully conquering nerves gives children confidence.
8. Recitals give you the opportunity to provide genuine and heart-felt praise. Bring on the photos and videos and big hugs and flushed-face smiles. Clap enthusiasticallly. Let your child know just how much you recognize their efforts and watch their commitment to piano lessons soar.
9. Recitals provide a chance for your child to practice public speaking and to gain confidence in front of a group; two skills that will serve your child well in many other areas of his or her life. Speaking and performing in a safe environment means that your child gains important experience in front of a crowd. The earlier these experiences happen, the easier it becomes for your child as they enter adolescence and adulthood.
10. Recitals provide an opportunity for your child to get to know his or her peers who are also taking lessons. Making these connections helps to build community within a studio and helps your child to feel as though he or she belongs which results in increased interest in lessons.
11. Recitals give your children the chance to hear live music! Young children rarely attend a lot of live concerts...and piano recitals are a wonderful place for your child to hear a wide variety of music. Nothing can replace the "live music experience" and when your child is an active participant in the event it's even more rewarding!
12. Recitals provide an opportunity for you to sit back and marvel at the pride-inducing sight of yoru own child making beautiful music! Piano practice is often done amongst a busy household with siblings, pets, vacuums, dishwashers and doorbells. It's rare that you have the opportunity to focus only on your child and the music they are making. These moments matter.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>There's Nothing Small About Shrimp's Carbon Footprint
There's perhaps no other animal on Earth so synonymous with all things diminutive as the modestly framed shrimp -- but, as it turns out, not everything about those famed crustaceans is small. Biologists say that common shrimp farming methods across Asia are so devastating to fragile ecosystems as to make ordering a simple shrimp cocktail one of the worst things you could do for the environment in the name of grabbing some grub.
In an attempt to measure the economic costs of deforestation and habitat loss, Oregon State University biologist J. Boone Kauffman set out to quantify the oft overlooked true pricetag of harvesting shrimp. According to the researcher, over half of the shrimp consumed in the world originate from farms in Asia, with most of those farms having been established on land where mangrove forests once stood. And, as if that weren't bad enough, the ecologically impactful farms are horribly inefficient.
How's this for mindboggling: it takes five square miles of cleared mangrove forest to produce just over two pounds of shrimp -- and that land is typically left depleted within ten years and rendered unusable for another forty. By comparison, the devastation left behind from cattle-ranch deforestation seems, well, quite rosy.
"The carbon footprint of the shrimp from this land use is about 10-fold greater than the land use carbon footprint of an equivalent amount of beef produced from a pasture formed from a tropical rainforest," Kauffman tells the AFP, via Phys Org.
All told, says Kauffman, what might seem like an exotic culinary treat really adds up to something jaw-droppingly unsustainable; a serving of a mere 3.5 ounces of shrimp carries with it a carbon footprint equally 436 pounds of CO2!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ulusal Afet ve Yönetim Organizasyonu (NADMO) tarafından yapılan açıklamada, Volta bölgesindeki Agalarkope kentinden Dzemeni köyüne yolcu taşıyan bir teknenin aşırı yük nedeniyle battığı belirtildi.
Açıklamada, olay bölgesinde yapılan arama kurtarma çalışmalarında 1 kişinin cesedine ulaşıldığı, 24 kişiden hala haber alınamadığı kaydedildi. Yetkililer, kaybolanları arama kurtarma çalışmalarının sürdüğünü aktardı. Gana'da yağış sezonunda, nehirlerde zaman zaman tekne faciaları meydana geliyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Dilbilgisi Terimleri isimli konularda İngilizce dil bilgisi kapsamında terim ve tanımları ele alacağız. Aşağıda bildirim cümleleri (declarative sentences) ile ilgili hazırladığımız konu anlatımı ve ilgili örnekleri bulabilirsiniz.
İngilizcede bir bilgiyi ya da bir gerçeği aktaran cümlelere ‘declarative sentence’ yani bildirim cümlesi denir. Bu cümle yapısı adından da anlaşılabileceği üzere bir şeyi bildirirler. En sık karşımıza çıkan cümle türü bildirim tümceleridir. Aşağıda bildirim cümlelerine örnekler verilmiştir.
Ankara is the capital of Turkey.
Ankara Türkiye’nin başkentidir.
She always combs her hair.
Saçını hep tarar.
I am studying English now.
Şu anda İngilizce çalışıyorum.
Bildirim cümlelerin dışında İngilizcede emir, soru ve ünlem cümle yapıları da bulunmaktadır. Bu yapıları birer örnekle gösterelim.
Emir Cümlesi – Imperative Sentence
Emir ya da nazik ricalar bu cümle yapısı altında yer alır. Bildirim cümlesi gibi bir emir cümlesi de (özellikle nazik rica bildiren emir cümlesi) nokta ile biter. Diğer emir cümleleri genellikle ünlem işareti ile son bulur. Örnek verecek olursak;
Give me my money back!
Paramı bana geri ver!
Please give me my money back.
Lütfen paramı bana geri ver.
Please sit down Mr. Kerag.
Lütfen oturun Mr. Kerag.
Soru Cümlesi – Interrogative Sentence
Her türlü soru ifadesi için kurulan cümlelere soru cümlesi denir. Bu cümleler soru işareti ile biter. Örneğin;
Can you give me my money back?
Paramı bana geri verir misin?
Can you do that for me?
Bunu benim için yapar mısın?
Ünlem Cümlesi – Exclamatory Sentence
Bir duygu ya da ünlem aktaran cümlelere ünlem cümlesi denir. Bu cümleler ünlem işareti ile biter.
He took my money!
Paramı aldı!
Look! Look at the colours!
Şuna bak! Renklere bak!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Rwandan genocide began 25 years ago. However, the deadly repercussions are still being felt. One only has to look to the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo, writes DW’s Dirke Kopp.
Stroll through the Rwandan capital, Kigali, today and you’ll encounter well-kept streets, new skyscrapers and business centers – a modern city. And yet, 25 years ago, these same streets – and roads throughout the country – were lined with hundreds of thousands of corpses. The putrid smell of decay hung the air.
It has been a quarter century since nearly 1 million people, most of them from the Tutsi minority group but also members of the Hutu majority, were massacred in Rwanda in the space of a few months.
It took a long time for the massacre to be recognized as a genocide against the Tutsis, and for the world to say that it would “never again” look the other way.
And yet, the world continues to look away every day. Not in Rwanda. But in Yemen, Congo, Myanmar, South Sudan, in the Sahel. It’s not always conspicuous mass killings. Instead, many smaller attacks occur on a daily basis, and they’re largely ignored.
Arms in the wrong hands
At the moment, Germany, France and the UK are arguing about whether they should supply Saudi Arabia with weapons – and if yes, which weapons.
And yet, all three countries must be aware of what happens when weapons are sold to the wrong people. Recently, a DW report revealed that German arms are being used by Saudi forces to kill innocent people in the Yemen conflict.
In Rwanda, it emerged afterward that France had been supplying weapons to the regime until just shortly before the genocide. And instead of protecting civilians with the Operation Turquoise military intervention in June 1994, the French army allowed the perpetrators, along with their weapons, to retreat to what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo.
The people in Congo have been suffering the effects of this failure ever since. Barely a day goes by without massacres and attacks by armed groups in eastern Congo. But because it’s happening a little each day, and far away in small villages, the violent killings are largely ignored by the media. The international community only tends to react when the body count hits 100 or more.
To compare the numbers: The Rwandan genocide cost the lives of around 800,000 people. But in the aftermath of the massacre, millions of people have been killed in eastern Congo in the last 25 years, in what to this very day is a sort of “collateral damage” of the Rwandan genocide.
On a recent visit to the Kigali Genocide Memorial, Congo’s new president, Felix Tshisekedi, remarked that this “collateral damage” has not spared his country, which has “suffered the loss of millions of lives”.
Mr Tshisekedi’s visit to Rwanda could be a first step toward reconciliation between the two neighboring countries, which have been at odds for more than 20 years. The root of the tensions has always been about domination in the region and Congo’s resources.
Repression to prevent another genocide
Rwandan President Paul Kagame’s authoritarian style of government – often referred to in the West as a “developmental dictatorship” – punishes his critics
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şen etler tencereden alınır, suyu ayrılır. Düdüklü tencereye 2 yemek kaşığı zeytinyağı konur. Üzerine domates ve biber salçası eklenerek kokusu çıkana kadar kavrulur. Üzerine arpacık soğanlar, karabiber, kimyon ve etler eklenir ve karıştırılır. Etin suyu yemeğe ilave edilir ve 1 tatlı kaşığı tuz da konarak biraz daha pişirilir.2 adet patatesin kabukları soyulur ve iri küpler halinde doğranır. Sudan geçirilen patateslerin fazla suyu kağıt havlu ile alındıktan sonra, kızgın yağda kızartılır. Patatesler kızarana kadar biraz daha pişmeye bırakılan yemeğin içine patatesler de eklenir ve yaklaşık 5 dakika daha düdüklü tencerenin kapağı açık olarak pişirilir.
Papaz Yahnisi servise hazırdır.
Tüm yörelerin yemek tariflerini görmek için TIKLAYIN<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>۶۰۰ مدرسه در جاکارتا به دنبال کم شدن محدودیت های کرونایی و پس از موج ویرانگر اخیر همه گیری کرونا در این کشور و به رغم هشدار فدراسیون معلمان اندونزی نسبت به شیوع دوباره این بیماری با سویه مسری تر دلتا، بازگشایی شد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری « رویترز »، مقامات اندونزی اعلام کردند سرعت ابتلا به ویروس کرونا در جاکارتا پس از موجی از این بیماری که در ماه گذشته این کشور را به کانون همه گیری ویروس کرونا تبدیل کرده بود، کاهش یافته است. در موج مرگبار اخیر این بیماری بیش از ۴ میلیون مورد شناسایی و ۱۳۱ هزار مورد مرگ و میر گزارش شد.
با این وجود به دنبال کم شدن محدودیت های ویروس کرونا « آنیس باسودان » فرماندار جاکارتا گفت از ۱۰ هزار مدرسه، ۶۱۰ مدرسه در شرایط بی خطر می باشند که در ماه آوریل به شکل آزمایشی بازگشایی شده بودند و اکنون با ۵۰ درصد ظرفیت بازگشایی می شوند. وی در ادامه افزود، شرایط همه گیری ویروس کرونا بسیار بیشتر از قابل کنترل است.
باسودان همچنین اضافه کرد: واکسیناسیون برای مدارس اجباری است و ۹۱ درصد نوجوانان ۱۲ تا ۱۸ سال و ۸۵ درصد معلم هایشان به شکل کامل واکسینه شدند.تقریبا ۷۰ درصد جمعیت ۱۰ میلیونی جاکارتا دو دُز واکسن دریافت کردند.
همزمان با خوشحالی بچه ها از بازگشایی مدارس والدین شان به خاطر سویه دلتای مسری تر این ویروس نگرانند.
« نادیم ماکاریم » وزیر آموزش اندونزی هفته گذشته درخواست بازگشایی مدارس برای تسریع جبران خلاء آموزشی را مطرح کرد. او گفت: « کاهش قابل توجهی در اهداف مطالعاتی بوجود آمده است و بسیاری از بچه ها به ویژه دخترها در برخی مناطق ترک تحصیل کردند و این امر تاثیراتی دائمی به دنبال خواهد داشت. »
با این وجود « هرو پورنومو » از اعضای فدراسیون انجمن معلمان اندونزی گفت: بازگشایی مدارس می تواند پر خطر باشد و به شیوعی جدید و مرگ کودکان منجر شود.
/ایرنا<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>茶会讲道集
美赫巴巴
1926-1927年授述
翻译：石灰 田心
中文配图：刘成 炬池
第一讲
1926年4月29日 周四 美拉巴德
【1926年大多数周四下午，美赫巴巴会同满德里从美拉巴德步行到阿冉岗村，在弟子卡卡·夏哈内家用茶点——这在美拉巴德早年的清苦日子里，可谓上佳款待。期间，巴巴会针对要阐释的话题侃侃而谈；这就是其中一部主要手稿封面《周四茶会讲道集》名称的由来。尽管早期日志资料都未提及《茶会讲道集》首篇语录的实际授述地点，但授述的日期“周四”表明，地点一定是在卡卡家（亦称家属宿舍）。作为开篇，这是整部讲道集中篇幅最长也最有分量的语录之一。其另一个特点是似乎结合了很可能由巴巴同期授述的《无限智能》内容。——编者】
大知与认识的区别
证悟至高存在（Paramātmā）是我们的大我，即是证悟真理。宇宙是幻象（(bhās）的结果。那为何还要试图获取对这个幻象宇宙的肤浅知识，而不去获得对大我或真理的大知？
何谓大知？
“大知”意味着对至高知识（Paramātmā Jñān）的体验。这是我们的永恒灵魂对无上存在的知识：换言之，大知意味着大我证悟。
何谓宇宙认识？
“宇宙认识”被称作宇宙知识（Vishva Jñān）。证悟者在涅未卡帕状态（Nirvikalp Avasthā）获得对至高知识（Paramātmā Jñān）的证悟或体验之后，就是带着这种知识重新下降的。因此总结如下：
真正知识=神圣体验+宇宙认识=对神圣体验的完美知识
换言之，获得真正知识者必然赢得神圣体验，然后还必须获得对该体验的完美知识。
而那些获得神圣体验（Īshvar Anubhav）并留在涅未卡帕状态亦即永恒极乐（Anant Ānand）状态者，则被称作“玛居卜”（Majzūb）。玛居卜虽然成道（体验神），虽然无所不知、尽善尽美，但却不能为世界做任何事情或施以救赎。
简言之，对至高存在（上帝）状态的体验，即真实状态（Kharī Sthiti或 Kharī Avasthā）。
现在让我们来看看，这种对大我的体验，也就是人在获得真知之前所处的状态，到底是什么。自身已经成道的赛古鲁，在带领那些注定将被其赐予这种体验者通过七个层面时，绝对是在暗中——要么让他们蒙着眼，要么让他们闭着眼。因此，那些将被赛古鲁赐予该体验的人，对这七个层面是什么，毫不知情，甚至毫无概念。一直到最后，他们对该知识都是相当无知，尽管已经跨越所有这些层面！正是为此原因，当赛古鲁在刚好低于第七层面之处把弟子（这种体验的候选人）放下时，后者的状态无法想象——不可描述！就仿佛千百万瓦的电流，突如其来地涌过——更应该说是完全溶解——其精体*。这种全新的体验让他无比震惊。对自己所置身的状态，也就是其不可思议的全新奇妙体验，尚未来得及适当思考，甚至加以想象，他就突然进入并获得涅未卡帕状态，在此他自己与永恒极乐（Anant Ānand）合一。
[注：巴巴早期用‘精’表示前六个层面，从1926年下半年开始将‘精’与‘心’区分开来。]
但你们没有实际亲身体验，要我解释或要你们“了悟”这一切，是徒劳无用的。有人可以年复一年地对你们解释所有这些；你们也可以连续多年听这样的人解释，多年阅读这方面的论著，但你们对什么是真实体验也不会有哪怕一丝概念，甚至连其影子的影子都摸不着。难道这永远无法实现吗？没有亲身体验就实现不了！
这种完美状态千百万人中只有一人获得，那也得完全凭靠一位成道古鲁的恩典。
借助于空洞的哲学和肤浅的宗教知识，去谈论这种大知和体验，而未实际亲自证得这种大知和体验，乃是十足的愚蠢——纯粹的欺骗！
有限与无限智能
下页图1表示意识的不同程度（1至7）和智能扮演的不同角色。在原始的无意识上帝状态（由图底的蓝色弧形代表），即在七个进化阶段之前，人实际上是神，却意识不到这个事实。随着石头的最早出现，恰塔尼亚（chaitanya）的能力也开始显现。但在其整个旅程中，同一个智能或者说“大我”无处不在。
为了更充分地理解以下讨论的含义，这里列出一些同义术语：
神=大知=智能=大有=光明
宇宙=无知=想象=大无=黑暗
图1注解
图1描绘了无限智能从原始无意识状态到大我证悟之超意识状态的旅行。多年后这被美赫巴巴称作《神圣主题》。
《茶会讲道集》原始手稿中的这幅图，与《智能笔记》中的两幅图（为《无限智能》书中图22之基础），在内容上几乎完全一致。如在《无限智能》中，对本图一些术语的使用方式，也有必要予以解释：
1）对猿猴状态为“越来越少亚意识”、动物状态为“较少亚意识”、植物状态为“亚意识”的特征描述。这里的意思是，随着意识朝整全方向的发展，对意识的限制，（可以说）“亚”性，也在减少。换言之，不是意识变得“越来越少”，而是将意识局限在亚意识状态的限制越来越少。这同样适用于动物层面的“较少亚意识”一词：这里的意识比在植物界时有“较少的亚意识”。
2）“动物”一词的使用以及“动物”与“猿猴”的区分。“动物”一词指“有生命的生物”——即从虫到兽界的任何生物，如在《神曰》中所定义的。因此“动物”包括了“猿猴”。巴巴在图中挑出猿猴属单独讲述，是为了强调在人类形体中达到全意识之前的这个最后进化阶段。
让我们来解释图1底部的蓝色半圆，这代表无意识的无限智能。这里，大知并不知道“我是无限的（anant）”，因为该大知虽然是无限的，却沉浸于酣眠，即处于无意识状态。也就是说，在该状态，大知（神）并不知道“我是无限大知”。
如前所述，“大知”指“神”，而“知道”指“创造”。
在无限智能仍酣眠的这个阶段，一个欲望在无意识的吉兀阿特玛内被创造出来，一个要知道“自己”的欲望，要自我觉悟的欲望。随着这个“自知”欲望的振动，吉兀阿特玛醒来，这使它进一步向前进。可是要前往何处？要前往超意识状态！再说一遍，这种觉醒是如何促成的？是通过一个欲望——自知的欲望。而欲望则意味着业相——图1的“噢姆点”，即欲望被创造之处。正是在这个阶段，吉兀阿特玛获得最初的业相。这些自然业相从石头一直持续到最初的人类状态。
打个比方，你手中拿着一根火柴棒。你的手代表最初的业相，自然业相。现在假设你的手把火柴棒丢入一条小河或水渠，以便它能获得对自己是什么的知识。它被卷入河流，继续前进，被不为其所知所见的力量（即被它自身制造的、却不为它所知所见的业相）推到这里、推到那里。从石头（7）一直到人类（3），通过不同的形体和寿命，获得各种各样的、数不清的经验——至此它所经历的是自然业相；之后从人类（3）到赛古鲁状态（1），它所经历的是非自然业相，在此（赛古鲁状态）它证悟到自己是什么。
撇开火柴棒例子的字面意思不谈，我们现在将用图1的语言，来探讨这些相同的灵性“事实”。
这个最初因为自知欲望被创造出来的，可被称作恰塔尼亚*的东西，从原子亦即石头状态（图1的7）开始前进；在该阶段，它（恰塔尼亚）几乎无意识。恰塔尼亚从那里继续前进，逐渐进入植物状态（6），在此获得“亚意识”。再从那里继续前进，逐渐进入动物状态（5），在此成为“较少的亚意识”。这在猿猴状态（4）达到顶点，在此它是“越来越少的亚意识”。最后，恰塔尼亚达到并获得人类状态（3），在此获得全意识。（但它意识到什么呢？我们后面将明白。）从石头到人类状态（图1的7至3）的所有进步，都是通过（由恰塔尼亚本身自动创造的）自然业相之媒介取得的。
瑜伽与层面能力
在人类形体（图1中的阶段3）发生了逆转，也就是说，吉兀阿特玛开始积累非自然业相，而不是继续积累自然业相。因为到这个阶段，从石头到人类形体进化期间所积累的大量业相垃圾（kachro），阻挡着继续进步的道路。只有清除掉所有这些业相（欲望）垃圾，道路才会畅通——否则不行。对这些业相的清除，是通过不同的瑜伽来完成的：巴克提瑜伽、珞珈瑜伽、禅那瑜伽和羯磨瑜伽。
这样，借助这些瑜伽的各种可行方法（sādhan），业相垃圾被清除，吉兀阿特玛从凡人状态（3）逐渐地达到瑜伽状态（2）（yog avasthā）。在各种瑜伽三昧期间，瑜伽士获得某些能力（shakti），这使他们能够通过层面逐渐前进，从第一到第四。不过在第四层面，瑜伽士遇到一个巨大的阻碍或停滞。就好比一个人突然看到一大堆贵重钻石、珍珠和其他无价宝石，感到目眩神迷；同理，到达第四层面的灵魂，也因那里的美妙和魅力（līlā）而惊呆。惊愕之下，他错误地把在第四层面体验的意外大喜乐（ānand）当作真正的永恒极乐，从而忘记最初的目标——前进并升至第七层面。反倒把这个中途站（第四层面）当成真正的目标，故而停滞在此，享受至今从未体验过的阿南达（第四层面的喜乐）。也就是说，即使这只是一种瑜伽状态，但在前四个层面获得和积聚的巨大能力（“钻石与珍珠”），却实际上对瑜伽士构成巨大障碍，阻止他继续前进——尽管也给他带来极大快乐。他若是幸运，意识到自己的真实处境（仅仅在第四层面），因而努力前进，这当然很好：因为他赢得了获取“我是神”状态（真实体验）的机会。但是最大、最危险的阻碍或停滞，恰巧就在这个第四层面。为什么？我们很快就会明白。
如上所述，第四层面所产生的巨大能力，其吸引力犹如一个庞大的钻石和珍珠宝库。对这种意外之财，瑜伽士不知所措。他欣喜若狂，以致于忘记了初心——向第七层面之目标逐步前进。就在他彷徨于这种茫然状态的时候，其恰塔尼亚（表现为要使用这些能力和施展奇迹的欲望）从背后推动他。从而在其所积累的能力与恰塔尼亚（要使用这些能力的欲望）之间造成冲突；这种冲突对此刻已经被体验所震惊迷眩的心产生冲击。它“惊倒在地”（chīt chakit），陷入昏迷（hairat），停滞不前。为此原因，第四层面被称作“奇观之地”或“入魔状态”（muqam-e-hairat）。
如果灵魂虽在经历这些，却保持头脑稳定镇静，那当然很好。否则，如果它试图使用（实际上不是“使用”而是“误用”）可支配的能力（在第四层面获得的“钻石和珍珠”），则很可能给自己招致最严重的业相束缚，这把它从其高级的瑜伽士“超意识”
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在宋朝，就有这样位成功上位的竞争者，他成功的背后则是十位美貌的少女。这位皇帝就是宋孝宗赵眘。
他的上位史也是经过一番波折的。他本名叫做赵伯宗，是南宋的第二位皇帝。我们都知道赵构建立了南宋，可是这位赵眘并不是赵构的儿子，他是宋代开国皇帝的第七世孙，赵匡胤当年把皇位给了自己弟弟，之后这皇位一直在他弟弟一系手里传承，等到了赵构这里，可能是老天觉得他们这一系便宜也该占够了，便让他们这一系绝了子孙，上天让赵构丧失了生育的能力。
当年宋徽宗喜欢瞎折腾，重用奸臣之外，还纵容一批宦官当权，搞得朝廷内部乌烟瘴气，与此同时，下层的农民也开始起义，让北宋顾此失彼，狼狈不堪。
在军事和外交方面，一开始北宋决定和金国联手，把近年来势微的辽国给灭了，不成想引狼入室，反倒让金朝狠狠搜刮了一番。
后来在奸臣的一番鼓动之下，徽宗和当时的太子之间出现了隔阂，这也使得在之后金国攻打宋朝时，赵恒出于“私愤”，竟然强迫自己父亲和自己一起守在汴梁。只是他们没想到金国的胃口越来越大，竟然盯上了汴梁，发誓要拿下汴梁，后来在赵恒的多次让步之下，还是对北宋进行了一番羞辱，搜刮了大量金银财宝和美女，还俘虏走了赵恒以及他父亲，皇宫里的所有妃子，只要登录在册子上的，一个也没逃走，这就是“靖康之耻”。
这场耻辱使得当时赵构他们这一脉几乎都被金人俘虏，皇室几乎断子绝孙，而且承受的屈辱也是空前的，是汉人王朝最屈辱的历史。而赵构比较走运，想尽办法潜逃出去并且活了下来，还捡了一个皇位。
也许是有得必有失，赵构在逃跑过程中，失去了生育能力，从此再也没能让后宫任何一个妃嫔生下他的继承人。
说起来赵构还是有一个继承人的，就是元懿太子，但是很可惜的是没活过三岁就没了，赵构十分痛心。
当时金兵入侵，正好有一个金国将领打到了赵构所在的城池，当时赵构正窝在美人乡里温存呢，突然听到士兵的报信，结果在这样的重度惊吓之下，彻底绝了子孙缘。
想当年赵匡胤将皇位传给自己的弟弟，再怎样也是自己亲手打下的基业，自然是希望自己弟弟给守好，哪里想到他弟弟如此厚颜无耻，将赵匡胤的江山据为己有，还让他死在一团迷雾中，至今都不知道人是怎么死的，到底是不是他杀的？
再说说金朝，金朝虽然有几个优秀的将领，但他们人口少，没有能力吃下中原这么大的地方，就想到要扶持傀儡皇帝，希望分裂目前还很脆弱的南宋王朝。
在这样的情势下，赵构还是聪明的，他导演了一出好戏——
《宋史》中的记载是这样的：“元懿太子薨，高宗未有后，而昭慈圣献皇后亦自江西还行在，后尝感异梦，密为高宗言之，高宗大寤。会右仆射范宗尹亦造膝以请，高宗曰：‘太祖以神武定天下，子孙不得享之，遭时多艰，零落可悯。朕若不法仁宗，为天下计，何以慰在天之灵!’于是诏选太祖之后。”
他说圣献皇后最近晚上经常做一些奇怪的梦，不知为何常常梦见太祖皇帝。然后私下跟他说了一下，他想了半天才明白过来，太祖一向无私，自己明明后继有人但是还是把皇位给了自己弟弟，而自己后人却一向过得不好，所以他想着还是把着位子还回去，来让太祖安心。
这一番冠冕堂皇的借口说下来，好像还真是有那么一回事一样。可能是上天补偿，相对于赵构他们这边没几个后代，太祖那一系则枝繁叶茂，子子孙孙大概都能组个小镇了。经过一番精挑细选，最好从这些人里挑出来两个比较合适的小孩出来，一个身形圆润，一个则比较瘦小。一般来说，人们总觉得小孩圆润一点比较结实有福气，而身形瘦弱的赵眘则显得有点不讨喜。本来赵构都定了要那个看着有福气的小孩，但是这时不知从何处跑来了一只黑猫。
赵眘虽然看着瘦弱，但是却是个能沉住气的，猫不招惹他，他也不动猫。而那个圆润的小胖子则有点太好动了，直接上去就是一脚，瞬间就让赵构对他没了好感，而赵眘也因此留了下来，成为皇帝备选人之一。
虽然看着是被当为准皇帝一样带入宫中的，但是赵眘一直都没获得一个正经名分，苦苦熬了20年了还没有成为太子。一来是因为赵构可能对于自己要断子绝孙这件事还没有完全接受，再者当时赵眘和宰相有些不和，遭到了些刻意为难。还有很重要的一个原因，就是太后比起赵眘，更喜欢另外一个继承者赵琢。就在这样左右为难很久之后，太后去世了。
为了能让继承人这个事彻底定下来，赵构就想了一招，他找人搜集来了20个处子之身的绝世美人，然后分别赐给赵琢还有赵眘。毕竟当时他们都还年轻，体力旺盛，这一招很容易看出他们的品性。过了一段时间之后，赵构派人把这20个美人给叫了回来，派人检查了一番，发现赵琢这边的没有一个还是完璧，而赵眘那边则一个没动。
这样，不为美色所动摇的赵眘就成为太子，之后继承了赵构的皇位。赵构虽然在其他事情上犯过糊涂，但是不得不承认他这次的选择是非常正确的。赵眘可以说是南宋历史上少有的比较精明强干的皇帝，在刚被立为太子没两年，金兵入侵，赵构一心想着逃跑，而他则主动要求带兵出击。他继位之后，将之前赵构做下的糊涂账进行了一番整顿，该平反的平反，该昭雪的昭雪，并且重忠臣良将，主动对战金人，很是有当年赵匡胤的风采。
参考资料：
【《宋史·卷三十三·本纪第三十三》、 《宋史·卷三十四·本纪第三十四》】
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大家都在看
小编推荐<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>弗雷德
据意大利媒体La Nazione音讯，佛罗伦萨有意供给一份2000万欧元附加二次转会赢利分红的报价求购曼联中场弗雷德。
据悉，佛罗伦萨将弗雷德视为无法引入德保罗或苏索的代替人选，而曼联对弗雷德的心思价位大约是3000万欧元。
而紫百合的报价将由1600万欧元根底转会费+400万欧元奖金条款组成，别的，假如弗雷德未来以超越2000万欧元的价格转投其他球队，曼联还将取得转会赢利的30%。
上一年夏天，曼联支付了近6000万欧元才从顿涅茨克矿工签下弗雷德，但这位巴西中场并未彻底习惯英超。上赛季，他只为曼联出战了25场各项竞赛。英超开赛三轮以来，弗雷德并未取得进场时机。
(作者：男篮世界杯)
本文地址：http://www.syjerrican.com/zhibotianxia/2021/0222/1017.html<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Öyle bir araftan bahsediyorum ki aslında. Bu ikilemi hepimiz yaşamışızdır diye düşünüyorum. Sadece romantik ilişkiler için de geçerli değil üstelik. Ben geçenlerde işverenime bir konu hakkında mesaj atsam mı atmasam mı tereddütüne kapıldım ve çok güvendiğim birinin bir karar verme anında iki seçenekten birini seçmek zorundaysanız ikisini de seçmeyin tavsiyesi aklıma geldiği için mesaj atmadım. Benim genellikle uyguladım taktik bu.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How an 18-year-old murder verdict reflects a racially changed UK
The 1993 murder in London of black teenager Stephen Lawrence revealed systemic racism in Britain, spawning sweeping efforts to root it out.
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"You would see signs saying 'rooms available,' but they weren't available when a black man knocked on the door," recalls the retired telecommunications engineer, who has remained in the neighborhood of Brixton since then. "One time a woman screamed at me to leave, saying her mother had never seen a black man before."
Twenty years later, the perceived mistreatment of a black man by police ignited the Brixton race riots of 1981 – which remain the biggest such riots in British history.
But Brixton today is a prime example of how Britain has transformed into a multicultural society, especially in its cities, in the half century since Mr. Ogunshola first moved here.
Now there is little evidence of antipathy between Brixton's diverse ethnic groups, which include a strong African-Caribbean community and a large Asian contingent.
While riots last summer, set off by racial tensions, reached the neighborhood, they did not pit an ethnic community against the authorities.
"Brixton's a different place; Britain's a different place," says Ogunshola, raising his voice to be heard above a steel band playing calypso music outside a subway station.
This month's conviction of two men for the racially motivated murder of 18-year-old Stephen Lawrence in 1993 has prompted an examination of how far Britain has come in eradicating racism since then.
Mr. Lawrence's killing in Eltham, south London, assumed huge significance in London. A long and unflagging campaign by the murdered teenager's parents, Doreen and Neville Lawrence, revealed the existence of a subtler, more systemic form of racism and inspired ground-breaking steps to root it out.
It took 18 years to convict Lawrence's killers. The initial police report was spectacularly bungled: Police received names of five suspects within 24 hours, but no arrests were made for two weeks.
The 1999 report on the case – named after retired judge William Macpherson, who led the inquiry – declared that London's Metropolitan Police was "institutionally racist."
The report led to the creation of new criminal offenses, a new law mandating that public authorities promote racial equality, and some other significant legal changes, including the abolition of the double jeopardy law, which allowed one of Lawrence's murderers to be tried a second time.
"In a nutshell, the Macpherson report had a positive effect on equality in Britain," says Uduak Archibong, professor of diversity at the University of Bradford. "The changes forced public organizations to look inward – [to] think 'What can we do to promote racial equality?' And because it also affected the way they dealt with commercial organizations, it had a ripple effect."
For ordinary Britons, perhaps the greatest legacy of the case is that it made overt racism, including racially abusive language, unacceptable.
"Just the fact that it's illegal to shout racist abuse – that's made a change, no question," says Stafford Geoghan, who owns a Jamaican takeout restaurant on Brixton's Electric Avenue, a street of market stalls. "That's just not something you ever hear on the street anymore."
Making a Difference<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Doğrudan akademik yayınların değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili kapsamlı bir akademik içeriğe sahip “iThenticate” programı, makale ve benzeri çalışmaları (öğrenci ödevleri ve tezler hariç) internet, veritabanları ve bilgisayarınızdaki dokümanlarla karşılastırarak, aralarındaki benzerlik oranlarını hesaplar. iThenticate programı akademik çalışmaları değerlendirmeden önce intihal seviyesini tespit etmek için kullanılır.
Programı kullanmak isteyen araştırmacılarımız [email protected] adresine isim, soy isim ve kurum e-posta adreslerini bildirmeleri gerekmektedir.
Öğrencilerin bitirme projeleri ve tezlerinde intihalleri ve usulsüz alıntıları engellemek amacıyla kullanılan web tabanlı sistemdir.
Turnitin'i kullanmak isteyen akademisyenler için gereken şifre Kütüphane tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Programı kullanmak isteyenlerin [email protected] adresine isim, soyisim ve kurum e-posta adreslerini bildirmeleri gerekmektedir.
NOT1:Ödev eklerken "Gönder" butonuna basmadan önce "isteğe Bağlı Ayarlar" a mutlaka tıklayarak gerekli ayarları "DEPO-DEPO YOK" yapınız
NOT2: Savunmaya girecek tezlerin intihal taramalarının enstitü tarafından yapılması gerekmektedir. Eğer bir tez taramanız varsa lütfen enstitünüze başvurun!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- For Libraries
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Over 500 seed trade catalogues issued by 250 seed companies between 1790 and 1870 providing a graphic insight into the development of the nursery and agricultural business in America in the nineteenth century.
The growth of the seed trade in nineteenth-century America mirrored the increase in population and general prosperity and the nation's westward expansion. Consequently these catalogues will be valuable to researchers working not just on the agricultural and horticultural industries but also on the broader economic and social history of this period. Much of the agricultural and horticultural information in the catalogues is not available elsewhere while many are also minor works of art with fine illustrations of scientific value and varied design and type styles.
Index: Index to the Pre-1870 American Seed Trade Catalogs of the National Agricultural Library
110pp. 278x216mm clothbound
ISBN 0 88736 219 2<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>双方没有办理结婚证，在交往一段时间后发现彼此不合适，想要分开，但是彩礼已经收了，那么没结婚证不退彩礼胜诉的条件有哪些呢？在什么样的情况下，可以不用退彩礼呢？对此有所疑惑的，可以跟着小编一起去寻找答案！
根据最高人民法院《关于适用<中华人民共和国婚姻法>若干问题的解释（二）》第十条 第一款（三）项所规定“婚前给付并导致给付人生活困难的”情形，但是已经共同生活两年以上、生育子女或者所送彩礼确已用于共同生活，一方请求对方返还彩礼的，一般不予支持。
因此，没结婚证不退彩礼胜诉的条件有：
1、男女双方未办理结婚登记手续但已经同居生活两年以上
2、双方未办理结婚登记手续且同居生活虽不满两年，但已经生育子女
3、所接受的彩礼已经用于共同生活
以上三个条件占有一条，即使是没有领结婚证，彩礼也是不需要退还的。
说完不需要退还彩礼的情形，下面小编来说说需要退还彩礼的情形有哪些。
根据《最高人民法院在婚姻法解释》第十条规定，当事人请求返还按照习俗给付的彩礼，如果查明属于以下情形，人民法院应当予以支持：
1、
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0
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. The federal government’s case rested largely on emergency powers: There was a national crisis, and the government should have whatever powers it needed to fight it. At stake were competing interpretations of the Commerce Clause, which supposedly limited Congress’s power to regulate commerce to interstate transactions. The government argued that the Schechters’ business should be seen as interstate commerce in light of the Depression, while the Schechters’ lawyer countered both that the business was not interstate commerce and, more powerfully, that the Schechters had never agreed to the NRA code, which interfered with their ability to best serve their customers. As Shlaes points out, attorney Heller was careful to explain the kosher practices in a way that avoided making them sound Jewish, again for fear of anti-Semitic backlash.
Part of the exchange between the Justices and Heller was over what “straight killing” meant for customers, leading to a discussion of reaching into chicken coops. The reaction in court was mostly amusement at the absurdity of the code, in both its level of detail and what it required of producers and consumers.
On May 27 a unanimous Court ruled that the NIRA did indeed violate the Commerce Clause and that even in “extraordinary conditions” Congress may not exceed its constitutional limits. Specifically, Congress had no legitimate power to delegate what amounted to law-making power to the NRA.
This case and a related one that struck down the AAA ended the more radical provisions of what is often called the “First New Deal.” FDR’s reaction to the decision was his famous line about the Court taking the country “back to the horse and buggy age.” That sentiment was one reason Roosevelt later proposed his “court packing” plan to expand the Court. This case was one of the last Supreme Court decisions to uphold this narrow reading of the Commerce Clause. The same set of issues is at stake in the case against the Obama administration’s health care act.
There are many lessons one could draw from the story of the Schechter brothers, not the least of which is how much the Supreme Court’s jurisprudence has evolved over the years. Back then Congress had to prove it constitutionally possessed the powers it exercised; the Court did not place the burden of proof on those who claimed the exercise of some power is unconstitutional.
The Schechters’ story, however, raises other interesting questions. Why is it not better known, particularly among American Jews, that underdog immigrant small-business owners triumphed over a government that denied them the right to run their business according to their long-standing ethical-religious code? After all, this is the classic story of Jewish heroism: a group of Jews under siege by the State demonstrating grace under pressure by standing up for their beliefs.
It would seem that the overwhelming love that American Jews have had for FDR is likely one explanation. It might be difficult to hold up as heroes the men who helped bring down the First New Deal. The American Jews’ love for FDR is also something of a mystery when one considers his administration’s refusal to help Jews escape Nazi Germany as the Holocaust began to unfold.
The story of the Schechter brothers raises important questions about the power of the State. It’s a story still waiting to be told in its entirety.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Four intervals of late Holocene glacier advance are recognized from study of nine valley glaciers in the Wrangell and westernmost St. Elias Mountains of Alaska. The oldest glacial advance is recognized at the Nabesna and Barnard Glaciers where live radiocarbon ages suggest advance as early as 2700 cal. (calibrated) yr B.P. Two additional radiocarbon-dated advances are centered on cal. yr A.D. 300 and the beginning of the Little Ice Age about A.D. 1200. The best-documented Little Ice Age advances occurred during the mid-1600s through the 1800s and are recognized at all nine glaciers. These latter advances are dated by tree rings of trees overrun by glaciers in five glacier valley, by 17 radiocarbon dates, and by tree-ring and lichen ages from 20 moraines that were deposited during the culmination of these advances. The glacial chronology is broadly similar to chronologies from adjoining Alaskan mountain ranges, at both coastal and interior sites for the past 3000 yr. There are, however, differences in timing of advances during the first millennium A.D. The glacial history for the past 2000 yr is also consistent with temperature-sensitive proxy records from interior Alaska and Yukon Territory.
569NATimes Cited:19Cited References Count:47<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>امور آب و خاک و فنی و مهندسی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان شمالی گفت: امسال هزار هکتار از اراضی مستعد آبیاری نوین در شیروان مطالعه و نقشه برداری شد.
بهروز عربی روز سه شنبه در گفت و گو با خبرنگار ایرنا اظهار داشت: بیشترین عملیات اجرای این طرح مطالعاتی در اراضی پایاب سد بارزو اجرا می شود.
وی با اشاره به اینکه برای اجرای این طرح ۱۰۰ میلیارد ریال اعتبار پیش بینی شده است گفت: اراضی مستعد اجرای آن در شهرستان شیروان، هشت هزار هکتار است.
عربی با بیان اینکه تاکنون ۶ هزار و ۵۱۳ هکتار از اراضی این شهرستان به سیستم آبیاری نوین شده است افزود: در سال ۹۹-۹۵، ۷۰۰ هکتار از اراضی شیروان مجهز به این سیستم شد که برای آن۲۰ میلیارد ریال از محل اعتبارات صندوق توسعه ملی هزینه شد.
مدیر امور آب و خاک و فنی و مهندسی سازمان جهاد کشاورزی گفت: برای اجرای آبیاری نوین در اراضی کشاورزی با توجه به نوع سیستم به ازای هر هکتار از ۴۵ میلیون تا ۱۰۰ میلیون ریال کمک بلاعوض دولت پرداخت می شود.
عربی با تاکید بر لزوم اجرای سیستم های آبیاری تحت فشار در اراضی زراعی و باغی به عنوان یکی از راهکارهای مقابله با کم آبی افزود: حمایت ها و تسهیلات دولتی مناسبی برای متقاضیان این گونه سیستم ها در نظر گرفته شده است.
شیروان با ۱۵۷ هزار نفر جمعیت به عنوان دومین شهرستان پرجمعیت خراسان شمالی در ۶۰ کیلومتری شرق بجنورد واقع است که ۱۰۵ هزار هکتار عرصه کشاورزی و باغی دارد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>【新三才讯】超音速飞行在最前端的旅行当中是一个最棒的话题，但在过去一直都陷入困境，并被充满疑问的问号所压倒。
自2003年10月协和号客机停飞以来，商务客机退出市场。 随着伟大的盎格鲁 – 法国喷气机的退役，空中飞速超过761英里每小时的概念已经越来越成为过去的记忆- 这是一个被认为不太可能返回的黄金时代的幽灵。
超音速飞行的问题是多么复杂。 有名的是，飞机的音爆引发了一场“声音爆炸式爆发” – 一场激烈的鞭打，如果爆发的距离足够近，可能导致窗户破裂和投诉。
协和号客机是一个噪音怪物，它在美国的存在在很大程度上是不受欢迎的。
航空业的秘密
与知觉相反 – 尽管普遍的共识是，这架飞机在其27年的积极服务中一般都取得了成功 – 超音速飞行在美国被禁止，自1973年以来一直是英国航空公司和法国航空公司必须接受特别管理 将他们的飞机飞到华盛顿特区和纽约 – 不可更进一步飞抵其他地区。
不过，据报导，美国航空航空业最大的先驱之一 – NASA正在为第二代超音速客机筹划生产制造。
据Bloomberg透露，美国国家航空航空局可能会在下个月开始研制一种新的超音速原型机，并且可能会与洛克希德马丁公司，波音公司和通用动力公司以及Aerion和Boom Technology等相关行业创新者合作，携手将理论成为现实。
蓝图的中心将是一个修改形状的飞机，细微，时尚，因此对周围空气的影响较小。 在理论上，这意味着它可能会破坏声音屏障，而不是比其著名的前辈更少的体积。
NASA的研究人员悄悄地相信，6月份在风洞进行的模型测试表明，这样的飞机可以将目前的标准飞行时间缩短一半，这意味着伦敦和纽约之间的平均七小时的飞行时间可能减少到不到四个小时。
这种激进的时间差异以及较低的噪音水平可能意味着美国在其空域上对超音速航空的严格规则的松动，甚至放弃对超音速飞机的管制，使整个超音速飞行在财务上更具可行性。
尽管协和号逐渐衰落的几个原因是过时的 – 尤其是2000年7月25日在巴黎戴高乐机场发生的灾难性事故 – 限制飞行的地方无疑加速了其死亡。
不过时代改变，而且这个星球越来越多的依赖航空旅行将在未来十年内“推动对广泛的快速航空旅行的需求”，美国航空航天商业超音速研究团队项目经理Peter Coen告诉彭博社说： 使公司在未来能够提供有竞争力的产品。“
最新的设计能改善噪音问题
在最糟的情况下，协和号的声音输出约为90 dBa。 美国航空航天局的目标是将三分之一降至六十至六十五分贝，而相当于高速公路上的高功率汽车，但主要关切的情况大幅减少。
该机构计划在未来五年内花费3.9亿美元（2.99亿英镑）的原型，并已与洛克希德马丁公司联合设计。
洛克希德的设计项目经理Peter Iosifidis表示：“现在你已经到了这样的水平，只要得到公众的批准，这可能是可以接受的。”
当飞行物体达到马赫1的速度时，发生声波爆发，海平面约为761mph（尽管在其他高度上有差异）。
这是由飞机的动作产生的压力波不能再脱离其对方的方式。 它们变得压缩，并合并成一个单一的冲击波，这导致剧烈的爆炸声。
据报导，NASA的原型将通过采用能保持声波合并的形状来解决这个问题。 相反，它们将分散在飞机的各个点上，导致低嗡嗡声而不是单个声音爆炸。
航空乘客可能看到这项研究成果的问题有点难以预料。 美国国家航空航天局计划在2022年之后，在其脑海中运行实时测试。
何时，正是这将转化为日常交通还有待观察。 但未来即将到来 – 它比你想像的更安静。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>经认证的员工的工资信贷审批程序/事先批准
- 步骤1： 向您的建筑秘书索取一份事先批准表，从人力资源部网页打印一份（左栏下方 员工表格）， 要么 单击此处获取事先批准表. 填写您计划获得学分或时钟小时的任何非地区专业发展机会的表格。 填写表格并附上所有必要的文件，在员工声明部分签名和日期，然后转发给您的主管批准。 然后必须在您计划参加的课程或研讨会日期之前将此表格发送到人事办公室。
- 步骤2： 完成批准的课程，包括为学区时钟时间提供的课程。
- 步骤3： 对于在学区以外学习的经批准的课程，请在 1 月 XNUMX 日之前将时钟小时表或成绩单的副本发送给人力资源部，以便考虑为当前学年加薪。
- 步骤4： 所有学区时钟小时活动的成绩单将在 XNUMX 月初自动发送给人力资源部。 您将收到一份副本作为您的个人记录。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>|Catalog #: 020-03-0011|
|Parent Exhibit: Eyes on Earth|
|Description: Measuring from space. Exhibit provides visitors with an interactive explanation of radar altimetry and how it is used to measure sea height. Visitor starts a model of an altimetry satellite down a twenty foot overhead track. The model actually is a working altimeter that measures how high up it is from objects on the floor, directly simulating how satellite altimetry works. Visitors see a profile of the objects (which could be the visitors themselves) along the ground track. This exhibit can be custom sized to your specifications.|
|Approximate Component Dimensions: H 102 inches | W 38 inches | D 208 inches|
Power Required: Yes
Powered From: Floor
Air Pressure: N/A
Give us a call or send us an email.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Types Of Herpes -
Herpes is a highly contagious viral skin infection which mainly influences oral and genital portions. There’re 2 types of virus that cause the herpes ailment like herpes simplex virus 1 and herpes simplex virus 2. Once this virus occupies in the body the virus evolve the strong capability to stay dormant in the cell membrane. There’re many causes which may lead to the ailment of herpes. Indirect or direct contact to the herpes virus may lead to the development of herpes infection. For recognising herpes infection there’re several tests exist which supports to detect it like polymer chain reaction blood test, viral culture test and antigen body reaction blood test. If you have been detected from herpes malady then you need to initiate the therapy of herpes illness. Medicaments like Zovirax, Famcyclovir, Valacyclovir, Valtrex & Acyclovir cannot heal herpes sickness for good. If you want to surely cure the herpes disease then you need to take the shelter of the nature. In order to combat from herpes infection you need to develop the energetic immune system which will assists you to fight from herpes malady. In order to develop the stronger immunity you need to go for the energetic natural herbs, raw diet & super foods. Lysine, Vitamin C, Zinc, Oregano Oil, Olive Leaf, Olive Extract & Echinacea contains the powerful anti-viral and anti-oxidant that can easily heal herpes infection.
Types Of Herpes : Herpes Simplex 1 ( HSV 1 ) Herpes Simplex 2 ( HSV 2 ) : Cures And Precautions
Living With Herpes -
Millions of people all over the earth going through herpes ailment & several of them don’t conscious that they are suffering from it. So, it is obvious that the people who don’t aware that they have herpes will live their life freely. But the situation gets altered when the people start getting outburst. It’s very difficult living with herpes for those people who do suffer from signs and symptoms. When you begin suffering from outbreaks of herpes then you catch numerous signs and symptoms. These signs and indications either intense or it could be extremely gentle as you can’t even notice. Most of the patients suffer from social isolation due to this annoying infection. Yes it is a true fact. Our society considers this sickness as a social stigma as even your closest friend would not want to contact you when you get this disease. This is because herpes disease is a very infectious malady. Not only these changes will come in your life but also other too. Your personal life style would completely get altered as well as your mentality would also get altered. You will start thinking regarding your herpes sickness such as why did I get herpes, is there any permanent cure for it and can you ever get rid of it many more.
Genital Herpes - My Story Living With Genital Herpes!
Effects of Oral Herpes
Oral Herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, is estimated to be present in 50 to 80 percent of the American adult population<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>کانکوردیا جایی است که نرخ مرگ و میر کودکانش سه برابر بیشتر از سالم ترین منطقه در ایالت ثروتمندی همچون مریلند است. جایی است که تقریبا نیمی از کودکانش در فقر زندگی می کنند. کانکوردیا به یکی از بیمارترین بخش های امریکا تبدیل شده است. در این ویدئوگزارشی از کانکوردیا ارائه شده تا بفهمیم چرا اوضاع در بخشی از بخش های مرکزی لوئیزیانا به گونه ای است که نرخ سلامت و بهداشت در آن تا به این اندازه پایین است؟ چرا آنها باید تا این حد برای سالم ماندن دست و پا بزنند؟<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Many teenagers don't receive the vaccines they need, but educating physicians and parents could help reverse the trend, a new study suggests.
Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) looked at vaccination rates from 2006 to 2009 for three vaccines — tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis, meningococcal conjugate and human papillomavirus — in teenagers 13 to 17 years old.
While vaccinations rates have improved since those vaccines were first recommended in 2005, researchers found vaccination rates were lower than the 80 percent objective. Adolescent girls, in particular, weren't being vaccinated against the human papillomavirus, a virus that is known to cause cervical cancer.
Part of the problem is that physicians aren't administering all the recommended vaccinations, said Shannon Stokley, an epidemiologist with the CDC.
"This was the first time where we've reported what coverage could be, had providers been able to administer all the vaccines during the same visit," Stokley said. "Coverage could be much higher. We know adolescents came in and got a vaccine, they just didn't get all the vaccines they needed."
Coverage could have been higher
The study's data came from the National Immunization Survey-Teen, which uses random phone calls to contact parents of tens of thousands of adolescents. The parents provided contact information for health care providers, who then filled out a survey detailing the types of vaccinations they administered.
From 2006 to 2009, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination rates improved from 11 percent to 56 percent, and meningococcal conjugate vaccination rates improved from 12 percent to 54 percent. In girls, the first vaccination for HPV improved from 25 percent to 44 percent. Among girls who received the first HPV shot, nearly 68 percent received all three recommended doses.
While that improvement is substantial, physicians could have done much better, Stokley said. If doctors had administered all the recommended vaccines during the first visit, "coverage
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In quantum physics, entangled particles remain connected so that actions performed by one affects the behaviour of the other, even if they are separated by huge distances.
So, if someone were to attempt to listen in on one end, the disruption would be detectable on the other.
Over the course of the two-year mission, the researchers in China will conduct a Bell test to prove the existence of entanglement at such a great distance.
And, they will attempt to ‘teleport’ quantum states, according to Nature, meaning the quantum state of the photo will be rebuilt in a new location.
Researchers from Canada, Japan, Italy, and Singapore have also revealed plans to conduct quantum experiments in space, including one proposed aboard the International Space Station.
This experiment would attempt to create a reliable and efficient means for teleportation.
By achieving quantum teleportation, the researchers say they could create a telescope with an enormous resolution.
‘You could not just see planets,’ Paul Kwiat, a physicist at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign involved with the Nasa project, ’but in principle read licence plates on Jupiter’s moons.
This article (Quantum breakthrough as satellite ‘calls’ Earth from orbit) was originally published on Daily Mail and syndicated by The Event Chronicle.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sebbene non esista un trattamento riconosciuto dal punto di vista medico per Long COVID, l’esercizio fisico può interrompere il circolo vizioso dell’infiammazione che può portare allo sviluppo di diabete e depressione mesi dopo che una persona si è ripresa dal virus.
“Sappiamo che Long COVID provoca depressione e sappiamo che può aumentare i livelli di glucosio nel sangue al punto che le persone sviluppano chetoacidosi diabetica, una condizione potenzialmente pericolosa per la vita comune tra le persone con diabete di tipo 1″, ha affermato Candida Rebello, Ph.D. ., ricercatore presso il Pennington Biomedical Research Center. “L’esercizio può aiutare. L’esercizio si prende cura dell’infiammazione che porta a livelli elevati di glucosio nel sangue e allo sviluppo e alla progressione del diabete e della depressione clinica”.
Non è chiaro quante persone soffrano di Long COVID. Ma le stime vanno dal 15% all’80% delle persone infette. Sulla base di queste cifre, è possibile che fino a 1 milione di residenti della Louisiana soffra di Long COVID.
Il long COVID causa ciò che i Centers for Disease Control descrivono come “una costellazione di altri sintomi debilitanti” tra cui nebbia cerebrale, dolore muscolare e affaticamento che possono durare per mesi dopo che una persona si è ripresa dall’infezione iniziale.
“Ad esempio, una persona potrebbe non ammalarsi molto di COVID-19, ma sei mesi dopo, molto tempo dopo che la tosse o la febbre sono scomparse, sviluppano il diabete”, ha detto il dottor Rebello.
Una soluzione è l’esercizio. La dott.ssa Rebello e i suoi coautori descrivono la loro ipotesi in “Esercizio come moderatore dei sintomi neuroendocrini persistenti di COVID-19”, pubblicato sulla rivista Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews .
“Non è necessario correre per un miglio o addirittura camminare per un miglio a passo svelto”, ha detto il dottor Rebello. “Camminare lentamente è anche esercizio. Idealmente, dovresti fare una sessione di esercizio di 30 minuti. Ma se puoi fare solo 15 minuti alla volta, prova a fare due sessioni da 15 minuti. Se puoi camminare solo 15 minuti una volta al giorno, fallo. L’importante è provare. Non importa da dove inizi. Puoi gradualmente raggiungere il livello di esercizio raccomandato.
“Sappiamo che l’attività fisica è una componente fondamentale per una vita sana. Questa ricerca mostra che l’esercizio fisico può essere utilizzato per spezzare la reazione a catena dell’infiammazione che porta a livelli elevati di zucchero nel sangue e quindi allo sviluppo o alla progressione del diabete di tipo 2″, ha affermato John Kirwan, Ph.D., direttore esecutivo di Pennington Biomedical, che è anche coautore del paper.
Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto in parte dal premio numero 1K99AG065419-02 del National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health e dal National Institute of General Medical Sciences del National Institutes of Health, che finanzia il Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center attraverso premio numero U54 GM104940. Il contenuto è di esclusiva responsabilità degli autori e non rappresenta necessariamente il punto di vista ufficiale degli sponsor o del National Institutes of Health.
Categorie:Sport e movimento<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Menu principale:
1
SEZIONE A
LEGGERE ATTENTAMENTE IL BRANO E RISPONDERE ALLE DOMANDE CHE
SEGUONO:
-
Da: “ Il paese dei bambini che sorridono “
Era un mattino freddo e piovoso. Il dottor Bianco entrò di corsa in ospedale. Si infilò svelto dentro
la porta della cucina sul retro. La prima persona che incontrò fu la cuoca. Senza dire una parola, lei
prese un asciugamano e gli strofinò la testa spettinata. “Dove sei stato? Ti ho messo da parte la
colazione, ma faresti meglio a spicciarti, Marco è peggiorato, stanotte. Le infermiere sono già scese
a cercarti!”. Il dottor Bianco diede due morsi di corsa al pane imburrato e buttò giù il tè caldo.
Senza neanche pulirsi la bocca, salì di corsa le due rampe di scale e poi girò a sinistra, lungo il
corridoio. Diverse infermiere ed alcuni dottori lo salutarono, mentre passava.
Il dottor Bianco si fermò un attimo sulla porta prima di entrare. Marco era pallido, teneva gli occhi
chiusi e non si muoveva. La mamma gli teneva una mano e piano piano piangeva.
Quando la mamma di Marco vide entrare il dottor Bianco, sorrise sollevata. Il dottor Bianco saltò
sul letto e si acciambellò accanto a Marco. Gli leccò la mano per fargli sapere che lui era li. Marco,
allora, aprì a metà gli occhi e sorrise.
La mamma di Marco era più tranquilla, ora: aveva piena fiducia nella “terapia scodinzolina” del
dottor Bianco. Diede un bacio al suo bambino e accarezzò la testolina del tenero dottor Bianco.
“ Abbi cura di lui” gli disse e poi li lasciò soli.
Giorno dopo giorno il cagnolino bianco visitava i reparti dell’ospedale. Stava lì per ore, leccando
loro delicatamente una mano ed agitando la coda. Un giorno, mentre stava facendo il suo solito
giro, il dottor Bianco passò accanto ad un uomo con la faccia tutta rossa.
L’uomo cominciò ad urlare, rivolto alla caposala: “C’è un cane in reparto! C’è un cane!” La
caposala cercò di spiegargli rapidamente: è un cane speciale, ha salvato molte vite…”. L’uomo, a
quanto poi si seppe, era un ispettore e non volle ascoltare una parola di più dalla caposala.
Fece immediatamente rapporto e il dottor Bianco non avrebbe più potuto visitare i suoi pazienti.
Giorno e notte, il cagnolino stava accucciato sullo scalino fuori dalla porta della cucina
dell’ospedale.
I bambini sentivano molto la sua mancanza; molti non miglioravano e alcuni peggioravano
addirittura. Marco invece era stato fortunato, perché la magia del dottor Bianco l’aveva fatto
guarire, ed era già tornato a casa. Ma un giorno l’ispettore tornò. La caposala gli andò incontro
all’ingresso. “Immagino che sarà qui per controllare” gli disse sgarbatamente. “Non deve
preoccuparsi: il cane non mette più piede qua dentro…e i miei pazienti stanno male”.
Alzò gli occhi sul viso dell’ispettore e vide che le sue guance erano rigate di lacrime. “Sono
spiacente…mia figlia è ammalata” disse lui con la voce rotta. “Può venire a darle un’occhiata?”
L’infermiera lo seguì lungo il corridoio, fino alla camera della bambina.
Stesa sul letto c’era una ragazzina bellissima. Il padre le parlò, ma lei non aprì nemmeno gli occhi.
“Per favore, guarisci. Ho bisogno di te” la supplicava mentre le sue lacrime cadevano sul viso della
piccola. Ma la bimba restava immobile, non aveva nessuna reazione. Alla caposala tornò in mente
Marco, che era ricoverato proprio nella stessa camera. Giorno dopo giorno,il cagnolino bianco si era
accucciato accanto a lui e lentamente, come per miracolo, Marco aveva cominciato a migliorare.
Guardò il padre disperato. ”Faremo tutto il possibile per sua figlia” disse infine. Quella notte, la
caposala scese in cucina. Aprì la porta sul retro. Il dottor Bianco era accucciato sullo scalino. I suoi
occhi erano tristi, ma le fece un cenno di saluto con la coda. Lei tenne la porta aperta invitandolo ad 2
entrare e lui saltò in piedi e trotterellò in cucina. Fece di corsa le due rampe di scala e attraversò il
corridoio.
Il dottor Bianco si fermò sulla porta della camera della ragazzina. Il suo viso era pallido, teneva gli
occhi chiusi e non si muoveva. Il dottor Bianco saltò sul letto e si acciambellò vicino a lei; le toccò
la mano con il nasetto umido, ma lei non si mosse.
Continuò a leccarle la mano, di tanto in tanto, per farle capire che non era sola. Il mattino seguente,
quando l’ispettore entrò nella stanza, vide il braccio di sua figlia intorno al cagnolino bianco. Il
cagnolino scodinzolava e la bambina aprì gli occhi e sorrise al papà.
L’ispettore allungò la mano, accarezzò il cane e gli disse semplicemente: “Grazie.”
Nessuno ha mai contato le vite salvate dal tenero dottor Bianco, ma certo lavorò in ospedale ancora
per molto molto tempo.
Si dice in giro che fu lo stesso ispettore a riportare la sua ciotola in cucina.
3
1. Alla fine del racconto il dottor Bianco ….
A) Lavora in ospedale ancora per molto, molto tempo
B) Non lavora più in ospedale
C) Lavora in ospedale ancora per poco tempo
2. Si dice in giro che l’ispettore dopo la guarigione della sua bambina…
A) Abbia cacciato per sempre il dottor Bianco
B) Abbia riportato lui stesso in cucina la ciotola del dottor Bianco
C) Abbia regalato un camice bianco al cagnolino
3. Dopo avere allungato la mano ed accarezzato il dottor Bianco, l’ispettore dice…
A) Semplicemente grazie
B) Semplicemente addio
C) Non tornare mai più
4. Il mattino seguente alla terapia scodinzolina del dottor Bianco, cosa fa la figlia dell’ispettore?
A) Apre gli occhi , sorride contenta e il cagnolino non c’è più
B) Dorme mentre il cagnolino scodinzola contento sulla poltrona
C) Abbraccia il cagnolino bianco che scodinzola, apre gli occhi e sorride al papà
5. Cosa fa il dottor Bianco dopo essersi acciambellato accanto alla figlia dell’ispettore ?
A) Le tocca la mano con il nasetto umido, … continua a leccarle la mano, di tanto in
tanto, per farle capire che non è sola.
B) Le tocca la mano con il nasino umido, … poi smette di leccarle la mano; di tanto in
tanto la guarda per farle capire che non è sola.
C) Salta sulla poltrona vicino a lei, le tocca la mano con il nasetto umido, … continua a
leccarle la mano, di tanto in tanto, per farle capire che è sola.
6. Quando il dottor Bianco entra nella camera della ragazzina la trova immobile …
A) Con gli occhi chiusi e il viso rosso
B) Con gli occhi chiusi e il viso pallido
C) Con gli occhi aperti e il viso pallido
7. Quando la caposala apre la porta sul retro, dopo aver parlato con l’ispettore…
A) Non trovando il dottor Bianco richiude subito la porta
B) Invita il dottor Bianco ad andar via dall’ospedale
C) Trova il dottor Bianco accucciato sullo scalino 4
8. Cosa dice la caposala all’ispettore, dopo aver visto la ragazzina ammalata?
A) “Può venire a darle un’occhiata?”
B) “Faremo tutto il possibile per sua figlia”
C) “Per favore guarisci. Ho bisogno di te”
9. Come si chiama la terapia di cui la mamma di Marco ha fiducia?
A) Terapia scodinzolina
B) Terapia cagnolina
C) Terapia bianchina
10. Cosa vede la caposala quando all’ingresso va incontro all’ispettore?
A) L’ispettore che sorride
B) L’ispettore con le guance rigate di lacrime
C) L’ispettore che urla con la faccia tutta rossa
11. Cosa dice la caposala quando l’ispettore si presenta in ospedale la seconda volta?
A) “Deve preoccuparsi: il cane non mette più piede qua dentro…e i miei pazienti stanno
male”.
B) “Non deve preoccuparsi: il cane non mette più piede qua dentro…e i miei pazienti
non stanno male”.
C) “Non deve preoccuparsi: il cane non mette più piede qua dentro…e i miei pazienti
stanno male”.
12. Perché un giorno l’ispettore torna all’ospedale?
A) Perché sua figlia è ammalata
B) Per controllare se le sue disposizioni sono state rispettate
C) Per punire la caposala per avere fatto entrare il dottor Bianco in reparto
13. Perché Marco è fortunato?
A) È guarito da solo ed è già tornato a casa
B) Grazie alla magia del dottor Bianco non è guarito
C) Grazie alla magia del dottor Bianco è guarito
14. I bambini sono affezionati al dottor Bianco?
A) No
B) Si
C) Non si deduce dal brano 5
15. Cosa fa l’ispettore la prima volta che vede il dottor Bianco?
A) Fa immediatamente rapporto e stabilisce che il dottor Bianco avrebbe potuto visitare
i suoi pazienti solo una volta al giorno
B) Fa immediatamente rapporto e il dottor Bianco non può più visitare i suoi pazienti
C) Fa immediatamente rapporto e il dottor Bianco avrebbe potuto visitare i suoi pazienti
solo una volta al mese
16. Chi è il dottor Bianco?
A) Un medico affermato in camice bianco
B) Un ispettore con l’abito bianco
C) Un cagnolino bianco
17. Cosa fa Marco quando si accorge che vicino a lui c’è il dottor Bianco?
A) Spalanca gli occhi e sorride
B) Apre a metà gli occhi e sorride
C) Socchiude gli occhi e piange
18. Cosa sta facendo la mamma di Marco quando arriva il dottor Bianco?
A) La mamma tiene una mano a Marco e, piano piano piange, ma quando vede entrare il
dottor Bianco
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سهیل گری های مورد نیاز در گذرهای تاریخی، فرهنگی و هنری شیراز اشاره کرد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>-
fotografcılıkta da ısık gölge aydınlatması olarak kullanılan bir aydınlatma cesidi..
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caravaggio'nun elinde saheserlere donusmus teknik.
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kiaroskuro diye okunur.
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arve henriksenin 2004 kayıtlı, rune grammofon etiketli albümü. arve henriksene davulda audun kleive ve ses sanatçısı jan bang eşlik etmiştir. tek kelimeyle nefis bir albüm, bir şeylere eşlik etmekten ziyade kendisine eşlik edilmeli.
http://www.runegrammofon.com/…talog.php?shownews=40
şarkı listesi:
opening image
bird's-eye-view
chiaro
holography
blue silk
parallel action
circled take
scuro
time lapse
ending image
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resimde bazı bölümleri karanlık bazı bölümleri aydınlık boyama tekniğidir. barok ve rönesans zamanlarında kullanılmıştır ancak kullanılma amaçları farklıdır. barok döneminde, örneğin carravaggio resimlerinde kontrastı fazla tutmuş ve bu tekniği kullanarak resimlerine 'drama' katmayı amaçlamıştır. öte yandan rönesans döneminde leanardo da vinci'nin tablolarında daha az kontrastlı ışık oyunlarına yer vermiştir, bundaki amaç ise resime üç boyut katmak ve figürlere canlılık kazandırmaktır.
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(bkz: sfumato)
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(bkz: chiaro e scuro)
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fotografta genelde rembrandt aydınlatması ile kullanılan efekt.koyu tonlar ve açık tonların birbirine zıtlık yaratması durumu...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Hospitals in the United Kingdom began allowing women to use specially designed pools of water for labour and birth during the 1980’s.
The wide-spread popularity and acceptance of water birth pools as a standard part of the maternity care package necessitated the development of guidelines & regulations to define standards and ensure they’re met.
The United Kingdom Department of Health has published a panoply of water safety directives that apply to water birth pools.
Policies and recommendations set forth in the Water Birth Safety Initiative are based upon these publications.
The Water Birth Safety Initiative (WBSI) calls for development of international standards modelled on the UK’s so that women the world over can benefit from the use of water for labour and birth safeguarded from risk.
The WBSI calls for the implementation of stricter protocols and sets forth recommendations for equipment standards.
The guidelines set forth in the WBSI are intended to serve as a framework of standards for birth pool suppliers, hospitals and midwives to work with to establish safe codes of practice.
Guidelines for Water Birth Pools Installed in Hospital
Water is more prone to bacteria growth after it leaves the public water distribution system and enters a building’s plumbing.
There it finds warmer temperatures, stagnation, and smaller pipes, valves and fittings.
Biofilm that forms on valves and fittings and pipe walls not only feeds bacteria but also protects them from the hot water and chlorine that typically would kill free-floating organisms.
Large systems with complex piping networks — like those found in hospitals, hotels and large apartment buildings — are especially prone to bacteria growth.15
Water Birth Pools that are installed in hospitals have the benefit of being maintained by staff to ensure that protocols are established, met and maintained.
Consideration and due diligence with regard to the prospective purchase of water birth pools and the assessment of pools already in use needs to be taken to ensure that the associated plumbing and electrical systems meet relevant safety standards.
The United Kingdom’s Department of Health and National Health Service has an exemplary safety record achieved by establishing rigorous sets of guidelines and regulations for the design, installation, use and maintenance (cleaning/disinfection) of water birth pools.
In the UK water birth pools are classed as a Category Fluid 5 water risk which represents a serious health hazard due to the concentration of pathogenic organisms, radioactive or very toxic substances, e.g. containing faecal material or other human waste; butchery or other animal waste or pathogens.
Water Birth Pools must be installed in compliance with water regulations as set forth in The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999.11
The 7 sins of water safety
To ensure high standards are met it is strongly advised that you do not use a water birth pool that has any of these features:
- Overflow drains
- Internal water inlets
- Hand-held showers
- Systems with flexible hoses or extended pipes
- Integral or secondary plumbing systems
- Any type of recirculating or pumped water systems such as whirlpool, jacuzzi, spa, bubbling, filtering etc
- Heating systems
1) Overflow drains
Overflow drains harbour bacteria and can serve as a conduit for cross infection.
Regulations are very clear on this point – overflow drains should not be installed on water birth pools as they constitute a constant infection control risk much more significant than the possible risk of damage due to water overflowing.11,12
Some digital taps on the market can be set for filling time thus obviating the risk of the pool overflowing.
2) Internal water inlets
Internal water inlets act in place of taps to fill the pool.
They are installed on the inside of the pool just above the water line and connected with pipework to a thermostatic valve.
If the water level rises there is a high risk of back flow enabling bacteria to enter the system creating a risk of cross infection.7
3) Handheld showers
Handheld showers present a significant infection control risk due to the fact that they can fall in the pool and be contaminated with bacteria that could breed and be passed on next time the shower is used.
Department of Health regulations clearly stipulate that handheld showers and bath/shower mixers are not installed for use with water birth pools. 13
Handheld showers present a Fluid Category 5 risk to the mains water supply.
It must not be possible to submerge the showerhead in the water due to risk of cross infection.
In order to comply with category 5 water regulations covering back siphonage, a class AUK3 air gap would be required, which generally prevents the use of handsets, unless there is a separate break tank installed in the hospital plumbing system.
4) Systems with flexible hoses or extended pipes
Systems that employ flexible piping, have branch pipes or hold stagnant water present a potential hazard and must not be used with water birth pools.
It is impossible to clean, disinfect or monitor these systems.
They have been proven to be a source of Legionella and Pseudomonas. 14
Weekly flushing recommendations recommended by the department of health cannot be executed with such systems, and the effectiveness of this cannot be monitored due to the inacessibility of the closed system.
5) Integral or secondary plumbing systems
Integral, secondary or proprietary plumbing systems are fitted to some water birth pools.
As these systems can employ flexible and non-flexible piping, overflow drains, handheld showers and are often pumped or recirculating they present a significant infection control risk and should be banned from use.
Regulations stipulate that water birth pools are filled from thermostatically controlled wall mounted mixer taps plumbed directly into the hospitals water supply with the minimum of pipework.
Not only do secondary or integral plumbing systems present unacceptable risks, they are impossible to clean, disinfect or monitor and therefore present an extremely high and unacceptable infection control risk.
They must not be present on pools used for labour and birth. 10
6) Recirculating or pumped water systems
Recirculating or pumped water systems such as whirlpool, jacuzzi, spa, bubbling, filtering etc. have the perfect environmental conditions to be a potential source for the growth of microorganisms, including legionella bacteria and must not be installed on water birth pools.
Water systems that are able produce aerosols represent the highest levels of risk.
Aerosols can be generated very easily when the water surface is broken -for example, by falling water droplets, splashing, or by bubbles breaking at the surface.
Once introduced to artificial water systems, Legionella can thrive in warm water (30 – 35 °C) and has been shown to be present on flexible seals and metal surfaces within plumbing systems used in domestic potable water supplies.
Inadequately maintained spa pools (birth pools with pumped or recirculating systems) provide ideal conditions to support the growth of legionellae and other microorganisms, which may then become aerosolised and subsequently inhaled.15
7) Heating systems
Heating systems for water birth pools are not necessary and present unacceptable infection control risks.7
There are two types of heating systems in use:
1. Recirculating system with a heat exchanger
Water is pumped out of the pool and through a heat exchanger and then flows back into the pool.
These systems present one of the highest infection control risks and should not be installed on a water birth pool under any circumstances. (covered by points 4, 5 and 6 above).
2. Electric heating systems
Similar to under floor heating found in homes do not present an infection control risk.
But, they do present an unacceptable health and safety risk and should therefore not be installed in water birth pools.
These systems consist of a network of cables embedded in the fabric of the birth pool that are attached to the power supply through a thermostat.
The heat is transmitted from the cables through the floor of the pool and then transferred to the water.
The inherent problem with these systems is that the water is relied on to take the heat away from the material.
If a woman remains motionless the heat becomes concentrated and a “hotspot” develops which can result in the woman being burned.
Plumbing for filling and emptying water birth pools should be simple, straight forward and kept to the minimum.
A set of taps (see below) mounted on the wall 15cm above the rim and a drainage system similar to that of a normal bath is all that is required.
Rim mounted taps present two areas of risk:
1. Women may hit their head on taps that are mounted on the rim of the pool causing injury.
In the throes of labour a woman is not as cognisant of her surroundings as she normally is.
She needs to be protected from the potential harm that could result from hitting her head or other part of her body on the spout.
2. Risk to the taps and pool caused by the labouring woman grabbing onto the spout for support could easily cause damage to the fitting or fabric of the pool.
Filling the birth pool
Water Birth Pools should be filled directly from the hospitals main water supply through a ¾ Thermostatic Mixing Valve (TMV).
To comply with UK National Health Service regulations the valve must have TMV3 approval for use in Healthcare and Commercial situations and certify that it conforms to the performance requirements of the Department of Health.16
To kill legionella and other bacteria, water in hospitals systems is heated to 60 – 80 °C.
Water temperature entering the birth pool should be limited by the TMV to 44 °C to prevent scalding.
The added benefit of using a TMV connected directly to the hospitals main water supply is that it can be set to automatically flush itself of stagnant water twice a day and be thermally disinfected periodically.
The use of a TMV ensures a safe water supply.
Digital thermostatic mixing valves with enhanced thermal performance that incorporate these features are ideal:
1) Programmable control to accurately mix and maintain the temperature of the water flowing into the birth pool and limit the temperature of the water to 44 °C to prevent scalding.17
2) Programmable fill duration to fill the pool to the desired depth and then turn off.
This is important as water birth pools are not allowed to have overflow drains installed and this feature will prevent the pool from overflowing when unattended.
3) Programmable duty flushing to ensure that water does not stagnate within the tap and associated pipe work, effectively controlling the multiplication of legionella & other bacteria in infrequently used outlets.
Flushing duration is in line with HSE L8 recommendations.18
4) Programmable high-temperature thermal disinfection to destroy the proteins in viruses and bacteria and render them as dead or inert.
Thermal disinfection works by achieving a moist heat which is set at a specific temperature for a set amount of time.
Viruses and bacteria are very sensitive to heat and they will die if exposed to higher temperatures. 19
Emptying the Pool
Water from a birth pool needs to be treated as Fluid category 5 waste representing a serious health hazard due to the concentration of pathogenic organisms derived from fecal material or other human waste and emptied directly into the hospital’s waste water system.20
The pipework needs to have a trap or U bend fit as close to the waste/drain as possible.
The drainage fitting or waste should seal neatly into the drain.
The drainage fitting should be cleaned and flushed through with disinfectant and then dried as part of the cleaning protocol.
The waste should be kept closed when the pool is not in use.
There should be NO flexible pipe used in the drainage pipework.21
The waste should be remotely operated (i.e. pop up waste with rim mounted control) and of the best quality, preferably high-grade brass, to resist the corrosive action of chlorides and other disinfectants.
The Water Birth Safety Initiative was conceived by Keith Brainin to motivate and enable birth pool suppliers and health care professionals to raise standards and implement protocols to make water birth safe.
Healio – Infectious Disease News. (2014, December 26). Legionellosis death after water birth sparks call for stricter infection control protocols. http://www.healio.com/infectious-disease/practice management/news/online/%7Bfe352169-755d-4d21-9bb2-abb8ae209f89%7D/legionellosis-death-after-water-birth-sparks-call-for-stricter-infection-control-protocols
Inquisitr. (2015, January 16). Oregon Water Birth Leaves Baby Disabled, Lawsuit Wants Labor Options Banned. http://www.inquisitr.com/1761136/oregon-water-birth-leaves-baby-disabled-lawsuits-wants-labor-options-banned/
GOV.UK. Alert after Legionnaires’ disease case in baby, 2014. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/alert-after-legionnaires-disease-case-in-baby
The Guardian. Legionnaires’ disease in baby is linked to heated birthing pool, June 17, 2014.http://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/jun/17/legionnaires-disease-heated-birthing-pool-baby-public-health
Guidance from the Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS) https://www.wras.co.uk/consumers/advice_for_consumers/what_are_the_water_regulations_/
M.W. LeChevallier, 2003 World Health Organization (WHO). Conditions favouring coliform and HPC bacterial growth in drinking- water and on water contact surfaces. Heterotrophic Plate Counts and Drinking-water Safety. Edited by J. Bartram, J. Cotruvo, M. Exner, C. Fricker, A. Glasmacher. Published by IWA Publishing, London, UK. ISBN: 1 84339 025 6.
www.gov.uk. Public Health England advice on home birthing pools, 2014. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/public-health-england-advice-on-home-birthing-pools
Health and Safety Executive. (2013). Legionnaires’ disease: Technical guidance [3.4], 2013. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/hsg274part3.pdf
United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust UK. Cleaning, Disinfection and Sterilization Guidelines for Re-Usable Medical Devices 2010.
http://www.eurosurveillance.org. Case of legionnaires’ disease in a neonate following an home birth in a heated birthing pool. England, June 2014 http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20857
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS). Fluid Categories. https://www.wras.co.uk/consumers/resources/glossary/fluid_categories/
WHBN 00-10 Welsh Health Building Note. Part C: Sanitary assemblies2014, http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/documents/254/WHBN%2000-10%20Part%20C.pdf
Department of Health, Children, young people and maternity services. Health Building Note 09-02: Maternity care facilities, 2009.
Freije, Matthew R. Some waterborne bacteria are tough, 2010. http://www.watertechonline.com/articles/some-waterborne-bacteria-are-tough
Woolnough, Kevin. Legionella Expert Calls for Greater Vigilance, 2014. http://www.eurofins.co.uk/news-archive/legionella-expert-calls-for-greater-vigilance.aspx
BEAMA. TMV Standards and regulations, 2013. http://www.beama.org.uk/en/product-areas/heating-hot-water–air-movement/thermostatic-mixing-valves/tmva-faqs-on-thermostatic-mixing-valves/tmv-standards-and-regulations.cfm
Health and Safety Executive. Managing the risks from hot water and surfaces in health and social care, 2012. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/hsis6.pdf
Health and Safety Executive. Legionnaires’ disease The control of legionella bacteria in water systems, 2013. http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/priced/l8.pdf
Health and Safety Executive. Managing legionella in hot and cold water systems. http://www.hse.gov.uk/healthservices/legionella.htm
SMS Environmental – the water experts. Fluid Categories. http://www.sms-environmental.co.uk/fluid_categories.html.
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust. Legionella Management and Control Procedures, 2014.
- Ashford and St. Peter’s Hospitals, Women’s Health and Paediatrics Division (Abbey Birth Centre). Operational Policy and Clinical Guide, 2014.
- BASINGSTOKE AND NORTH HAMPSHIRE NHS FOUNDATION TRUST . CLEANING, DISINFECTION AND STERILISATION POLICY. Prod. Helen Campbell. BASINGSTOKE AND NORTH HAMPSHIRE, BASINGSTOKE AND NORTH HAMPSHIRE, 2010.
- BEAMA. TMV Standards and regulations. 2013. http://www.beama.org.uk/en/product-areas/heating-hot-water–air-movement/thermostatic-mixing-valves/tmva-faqs-on-thermostatic-mixing-valves/tmv-standards-and-regulations.cfm (accessed 2014 йил 24-09).
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust. Water birth and use of water in labour guideline. Prod. Miss G Tasker and Audrey Warren. 2013.
- Dekker, Rebecca. “Evidence on the Safety of Water Birth.” http://evidencebasedbirth.com/. 2014. http://evidencebased
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ap çiçek standlarında vb. İnsanların dinlenip doğal güzelliği takdir etmeleri için kullanılır.Dış mekan zeminleri, bahçe manzaraları, ahşap salıncaklar, eğlence tesisleri, ahşap plakalar vb. İçin ideal bir malzemedir. , Bahçe tasarımcıları tarafından tercih edilir, ancak bilim ve teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte Bijie antikorozif ahşap zaten çok çevre dostudur, bu nedenle genellikle iç dekorasyon, döşeme ve mobilyalarda kullanılır.İç dekorasyon tasarımcıları da antikorozif ahşabı çok severler.
Son Makaleler<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>已知函数.
（1）若在处的切线方程为，求，的值；
（2）若为区间上的任意实数，且对任意，总有成立，求实数的最小值.
高二数学解答题困难题查看答案及解析
已知椭圆的左右焦点分别为，离心率为，点在椭圆上，，，过与坐标轴不垂直的直线与椭圆交于两点．
（1）求椭圆的方程；
（2）若的中点为，在线段上是否存在点，使得？若存在，请求出的取值范围；若不存在，请说明理由．
高二数学解答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
如图，在直三棱柱中，，是的中点，.
（1）求证：平面；
（2）若异面直线和所成角的余弦值为，求四棱锥的体积.
高二数学解答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
2018年8月8日是我国第十个全民健身日，其主题是：新时代全民健身动起来.某市为了解全民健身情况，随机从某小区居民中抽取了40人，将他们的年龄分成7段：，，，，，，后得到年龄如图所示的频率分布直方图.
（1）试求这40人年龄的众数、中位数的估计值；
（2）（i）若从样本中年龄在的居民中任取2人赠送健身卡，求这2人中至少有1人年龄低于60岁的概率；
（ii）己知该小区年龄在内的总人数为1200，若18岁以上（含18岁）为成年人，试估计该小区年龄不超过80岁的成年人人数.
高二数学解答题简单题查看答案及解析
设的内角，，的对边分别为，，，已知.
（1）求角；
（2）若，，求的面积.
高二数学解答题中等难度题查看答案及解析
以平面直角坐标系的原点为极点，轴的正半轴为极轴，建立极坐标系，已知直线的参数方程是（为参数），曲线的极坐标方程为.
（1）求直线的普通方程和曲线的直角坐标方程；
（2）若直线与x轴交于点，与曲线交于点，，求的值.
高二数学解答题简单题查看答案及解析
如图，一张矩形白纸，，，，分别为，的中点，现分别将，沿，DF折起，且、在平面同侧，下列命题正确的是_________（写出所有正确命题的序号）
①平面平面时，
②当平面平面时，平面
③当、重合于点时，
④当、重合于点时，三棱锥的外接球的半径为
高二数学填空题困难题查看答案及解析
已知倾斜角为的直线的斜率等于双曲线的离心率，则_________.
高二数学填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
已知满足，则的最小值为_________.
高二数学填空题中等难度题查看答案及解析
已知向量，，若，则_________.
高二数学填空题简单题查看答案及解析<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Historical fiction . . . and mice (or, well, rats)!
ELE 616 Research in Children’s Literature Spring 2011 Historical Fiction… and Mice (or, well, rats, really)!
2Define historicalfiction? • historical fiction – A narrative in the form of a novel set in a specific place and period in history, or based on an event or sequence of events that actually happened. The characters may be completely fictional, but if they are known to have existed, their feelings, words, and actions are reconstructed and to some degree imagined by the author. The presence of dialogue in a historical work is usually a clue that the account is fictionalized. – For more information, connect to the Historical Novel Society. Click here to connect to the Google list of historical fiction Web sites. Compare with nonfiction. See also: Scott ODell Award.
3But, what isHistoricalFiction, forsooth? been a•―The historical novel has alwaysliterary form at war with itself. The veryterm, implying a fiction somehow groundedin fact – a lie with obscure obligations to thetruth – is suggestive of the contradictions ofthe genre.‖ –Quote from a review, cited in “History is but a fable agreed upon: the problem of truth in history and fiction,” speech by Richard Lee to Romantic Novelists Association
4What is History, though? • Whatever else it may be – it is NOT truth – Each decade throws up new approaches to history, finds new or previously overlooked sources and gives entirely new weight to the facts they do agree on. – History, in other words, is tailored for its audience. – The facts that survive are absurdly inadequate. The interpretation that is put on them is a huge distortion even of those few facts. • History is but a fable agreed upon
5What is History, then?• History is not quite the out and out truth that it seems – At its best it is only one historian’s selection of what he or she BELIEVES, at any particular time, is most relevant from the body of material that survives. At worst – well at worst, it is no more than the sort of bigoted opinion and blatant manipulation of sources that we’ve recently seen exposed in the work of holocaust denier, DAVID IRVING. • History is but a fable agreed upon
6Where does that leaveHistorical is the most primal, the most NATURAL• Historical fiction Fiction? of literary forms – Historical fiction . . . is the artistic form that springs from this impulse to give a shape to the past. But it’s not JUST to give a shape to the past. It is to bring part of the past ALIVE into the present. – . . . all historical fiction . . . makes us feel, as a protagonist, what otherwise would be dead and lost to us. It transports us into the past. And the very best historical fiction presents to us a TRUTH of the past that is NOT the truth of the history books, but a bigger truth, a more important truth – a truth of the HEART. • History is but a fable agreed upon
7Differences between history andhistorical fiction • Andrew M. Greeley – History and historical fiction are necessarily not the same thing. The purpose of history is to narrate events as accurately as one can. The purpose of historical fiction is to enable a reader through the perspective of characters in the story to feel that she or he is present at the events. Such a goal obviously requires some modification of the events. • Quoted by Cindy Vallar in Historical Fiction vs. History • See her selected Articles on Historical Fiction vs. History (scroll down page)
8Problems with writing HistoricalFiction Problem of Definition • The – just how “past” is “past”? • The Problem of ―Truth‖ Fall 1998 – Historical Fiction or Fictional History? Historical Fiction or • The Problem of Balance Fictionalized History? – How much “authentic” detail? Problems for • The Problem of Accuracy Writers of Historical – How do you avoid errors or Novels for anachronisms? Young Adults • The Problem of Provenance Joanne Brown – Where does the story come from?
9How do these authors do it?• Making it real: bringing historical fiction alive – The challenge for me in writing historical fiction is this: How can I see, hear, feel, taste, smell, and know what my main character experienced? I have always done this through a combination of book research, exploring original records, searching for artifacts, doing interviews, and reenactment. I am an experiential learner. I am also somewhat dyslexic, so the book research can take me just so far. Touching real original records and artifacts can often transport my imagination back in time in ways that no microfilm ever could. • Carbone, E. (2007, June). making it real: bringing historical fiction alive. Teacher Librarian, 34(5), 27-30. Retrieved October 27, 2007, from Academic
10Teaching HistoricalFiction• – To help you build good fiction into your social studies program, you’ll find: • Seven Reasons I Teach with Historical Fiction • Tips for Choosing Good Historical Fiction • Fifteen Fabulous New Historical Fiction Books • Is Pocahontas Real? Discovering Where History Stops and the Story Starts
11Mice in historical fiction?• Not many mice—a few rats, though!
12 Historical fiction based in legend • What Happened in Hamelinhttp://dogeardiary.blogspot.com/2008/10/what-happened-in-hamelin.html
13An Australian story• Ratface and Snake Eyes – A rat plague begins at the height of the depression in Gladstone, Qld. Snake Eyes and his primary school friends go into business snake catching and Ratface and his gang go into business as rat catchers. Together, the two gangs uncover an important opal smuggling operation using both rats and snakes. For those aged between 10 and 14.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>آزردن کودک
یکی از شاگردان بزرگوار شیخ رجبعلی خیاط (رحمه الله) گفت: فرزند دو ساله ام - که اکنون حدود چهل سال دارد - در منزل ادرار کرده بود و مادرش چنان او را زد که نزدیک بود نفس بچه بند بیاید. خانم پس از یک ساعت تب کرد، تب شدیدی که به پزشک مراجعه کردیم و در شرایط اقتصادی آن روز شصت تومان پول نسخه و دارو شد، ولی تب قطع نشد، بلکه شدیدتر شد. مجدداً به پزشک مراجعه کردیم و این بار چهل تومان بابت هزینه درمان پرداخت کردیم که در آن روزگار برایم سنگین بود.
باری، شب هنگام، جناب شیخ را در ماشین سوار کردم تا به جلسه برویم. همسرم نیز در ماشین بود، جناب شیخ که سوار شد، اشاره به خانم کردم و گفتم: والده بچه هاست، تب کرده، دکتر هم بردیم ولی تب او قطع نمی شود. شیخ نگاهی کرد و خطاب به همسرم فرمود: بچه را که آن طور نمی زنند، استغفار کن، از بچه دلجویی کن و چیزی برایش بخر، خوب می شود. چنین کردیم، تب او قطع شد!(221).
در برابر آزار و بدی ها اینگونه باشیم!
روایت شده که چون حضرت یعقوب و یوسف به هم رسیدند، یعقوب پرسید: پسر جان بگو برایم چه بر سرت آمد؟ گفت: بابا مپرس که برادرانم با من چه کردند، بپرس که خدا با من چه کرد.(222)
نعوذ بالله
یکی از خلفای عباسی که به غایت ظلم پیشه و ستم اندیشه بود، با یکی از ندمای خویش گفت که به جهت من لقبی پیداکن مثل المعتصم بالله و الناصر دین الله و... آن ندیم گفت: هیچ لقبی برای تو مناسب تر از نعوذبالله نیست(223).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ha una importanza storica notevole questa foto: perché non fa parte delle immagini conosciute della battaglia, quelle della serie "Benschel", così chiamate dal nome del fotografo tedesco Benschel che le scattò; Benschel era insieme ad altri fotografi e apparteneva alla Propaganda Kompanie, il reparto di fotoreporter tedesco che da Roma si recò a Barletta per documentare con foto e riprese video la riconquista della città. Analizzando la foto, sembra essere stata scattata a bordo di un altro mezzo militare (al momento non ci è dato sapere se esistono altre foto scattate dallo stesso fotografo).
E' una nuova fotografia, che dimostra quale fu l'impegno da parte dei tedeschi e dello Stato Maggiore tedesco di riconquistare Barletta documentando il più possibile.
Ma perché Barletta fu così importante per i tedeschi? Perché così tante immagini? E perché Barletta resisteva ancora il 12 settembre, unica tra le città italiane?
Ricordiamone la storia
L'8 settembre 1943, alle ore 19.30 Badoglio annuncia via radio l'armistizio con gli americani. Alle 21.00 lo Stato Maggiore tedesco emana la parola d'ordine "Achse", cioè l'attacco a tutte le postazioni militari italiane per disarmarle e metterle fuori combattimento. Mentre i tedeschi attaccano con tutte le forze possibili gli italiani in tutta Italia, nei Balcani e nelle isole dell'Egeo, nessun ordine identico viene emanato dallo Stato Maggiore italiano; la Memoria OP 44, cioè l'ordine di attaccare i tedeschi, preparato, non viene perà diramato.
Alle 6 del mattino del 9 settembre, lo Stato Maggiore delle Forze militari italiane cessa di esistere.
Tutto lo Stato Maggiore, tutti gli ufficiali operativi, da Ambrosio, a Roatta, a De Courten, a Sandalli, stanno seguendo il Re e Badoglio in trasferimento prima a Pescara e poi a Brindisi.
Dalle 6 di mattine, tutti i telefoni, a Roma, tempestati di chiamate da tutti i reparti italiani che chiedono istruzioni, squillano a vuoto. A Roma non c'è più quasi nessuno.
I tedeschi attaccano ovunque le postazioni italiane. Solo a Roma si combatte, ma senza un piano e un coordinamento preciso. Nella notte tra il 9 e il 10 Badoglio e il Re si imbarcano a Ortona sulla nave Baionetta. Arrivano a Brindisi nel pomeriggio accolti da uno stupito Ammiraglio Rubartelli, Comandante della Piazza di Brindisi, che si vede tutto lo Stato maggiore sbarcare nella città pugliese.
Nello stesso momento a Roma, cessano i combattimenti dell'esercito contro i tedeschi. Nel pomeriggio del 10 settembre l'Esercito italiano non esiste più, salvo alcune sacche di resistenza nei Balcani e nelle isole (come Cefalonia, Corfù, Lero).
In tutto questo marasma, Barletta è stata risparmiata: è vissuta in una incredibile bolla di serenità. Infatti i tedeschi avevano la 1^ Divisione paracadutisti sparpagliata tra Puglia e Basilicata. Barletta per i primi 3 giorni non fu toccata dai tedeschi; inoltre a Barletta, poiché la situazione era di assoluta tranquillità, e poiché una buona parte delle truppe era pugliese, non scattò il "tutti a casa".
Il dramma comincia nella notte tra il 10 e l'11: con il Re in sicurezza a Brindisi, lo Stato Maggiore italiano emana l'ordine: "considerate i tedeschi come nemici".
E' un ordine: il colonnello Francesco Grasso, comandante della 209^ Divisione Costiera sulla Piazza di Barletta, del tutto ignaro di quello che sta accadendo in tutta Italia, predispone le difese per combattere i tedeschi. La mattina dell'11 i tedeschi provenienti dalla Basilicata - Gruppo di Combattimento "Friedrich Kurtz" (si, proprio il comandante del "Miracolo di Trani") - si recano a Barletta per disarmare i soldati. Non si aspettano la Resistenza: al caposaldo Crocifisso una batteria controcarro guidata dal tenente Vasco Ventavoli e dal tiratore scelto sergente Guido Giandiletti, blocca i tedeschi distruggendo un carro armato; i soldati italiani riescono a fare prigionieri 120 soldati tedeschi.
Lo Stato Maggiore tedesco va su tutte le furie: Barletta resiste. E' l'unica città in Italia nella quale l'Esercito italiano ancora combatte. Barletta va punita; la mattina del 12 settembre, 3 aerei tedeschi piombano sulla città bombardando le caserme.
Vengono inviati rinforzi: carri armati, semoventi, i terribili cannoni da 88; le truppe scelte dei Parà tedeschi, quelli che combatteranno ferocemente a Ortona e Cassino, attaccano Barletta. Il colonnello Grasso chiede rinforzi a Bari; i rinforzi non arrivano; nulla possono i sodati italiani della Divisione Costiera contro la più preparata arma militare tedesca, i Paracadutisti della 1^ Divisione.
Il colonnello Grasso, vista vana ogni resistenza ordina la res
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studies on specific types and areas of conflict in the IGAD region. At the heart of the functionality of the CEWARN Mechanism is data collection, analysis and the timely dissemination of information and knowledge to the right people and institutions. CEWARN is an interwoven network of governmental and non-governmental organisations that operate with complementary mandates in peace and development matters at local, national and regional levels.
Related links: Cewarn
- Information on crises
GUIDELINE 1: Track information on conflicts and natural disasters, and potential impact on migrants
To protect migrants, States, private sector actors, international organizations, and civil society need to understand risks and exposure to crises in regions, countries, and localities. They also need to understand the ways in which crises can affect people, including migrants, and their assets. The period before the onset of a full-scale conflict or natural disaster is a critical time to undertake efforts to protect and assist people, including migrants, and to secure essential resources and infrastructure.
Not all conflicts and natural disasters are entirely unpredictable. Conflicts may be preceded by various signs, including protests, xenophobic violence, and civil unrest. Local actors, close to the source of an impending conflict, and with the experience to interpret signs and events, may often possess the most timely and accurate information. They can be an important source of knowledge for others.
Understanding regional, national, and local natural disaster risks and overlaying this information with information on the location and characteristics of migrants can inform preparation and response efforts. As in conflict situations, local sources of knowledge may also be important. While many natural disasters occur with great immediacy, different regions, countries, and localities are prone to specific types of natural disasters. Those related to weather events often occur with some forewarning. Some are cyclical and recurrent and the warning signs will be familiar to those who have experienced them before. A number of early warning systems exist to forecast and monitor natural disasters and alert stakeholders and communities of impending crises.
- Early warning systems for natural disasters adapted and tested to reach migrants in multiple languages.
- Assessments to understand the potential effects of natural disasters on migrant communities and their assets.
- Inclusion of migrant characteristics in disaster vulnerability assessments by analyzing how factors, such as immigration status, language proficiency, or gender reduce access to information, resources, or protection.
- Community-based risk assessments that engage migrants in the identification of natural disasters, vulnerability, and capacities. Inclusion of migrants’ presence and vulnerability in early warning and early action mechanisms.
- Structures to share information on developing civil unrest or conflict.
- Capacity building
GUIDELINE 8: Build capacity and learn lessons for emergency response and post-crisis action
Limited resources, funding, and technical skills can all affect the robustness of emergency and post-crisis responses. Understanding and assessing these limitations is a critical first step towards overcoming them. Stakeholders’ investment in their own capacity to improve emergency response and post-crisis recovery for migrants is critical.
Capacity building may relate to such varied areas as consular services, training for responders, resource allocation, funding mechanisms, insurance schemes, relief goods and services, border and migration management, and relocation and evacuation. Many of these areas are relevant for both the emergency and post-crisis phases. Stakeholders should also consider addressing potential reintegration challenges for migrants, their families, and communities, facilitating re-employment, income generation, and safe remigration, and supporting migrants to access outstanding wages, assets, and property left in host States.
States, private sector actors, international organizations, and civil society should assist one another to build and improve their capacity to respond. Undertaking advocacy, monitoring and evaluations, raising awareness, conducting training, sharing information, building research and knowledge, and supporting and learning from each other all help to improve collective efforts to protect migrants.
- Training and capacity building of stakeholders, such as on effective ways to access migrants and identify vulnerability and needs.
- Dedicated funding to protect migrants, including budget lines, loans, and funding platforms.
- Referral mechanisms that map rosters of experts who can address diverse needs of different migrants.
- Peer-to-peer exchanges for capacity building and learning on tackling challenges associated with protecting migrants.
- Training for consular officials, such as on collecting information on citizens and crisis management, including evacuation.
- Monitoring and evaluation of crisis responses that includes analysis of responses towards migrants.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>L'AUTO PREDIZIONE.
Interpretazione del sogno di marina74
Il sogno
Buongiorno. Alcuni mesi fa ho sognato di andare da una cartomante. Arrivata a casa sua, prima che le facessi alcuna domanda, lei mi ha chiesto se avessi finalmente capito A. (la persona con cui avevo una relazione all'epoca). Al che risposi che lo avevo capito, che l'amore non guarda in faccia nessuno, che quando si ama, le sovrastrutture o i doveri (come il matrimonio, figli etc ) non contano pił nulla. Allora lei ha estratto una carta per me: l'eremita e mi ha detto che io ero l'eremita, sempre sola e colei che era destinata alla ricerca spirituale, che quella relazione era solo un episodio.... Mi sono messa a piangere. E' un sogno predittivo?
Interpretazione
di
Augusta Neumann
Direi si tratti di un sogno auto suggerito dalla ragione. Tutto quello che ti dice la cartomante č frutto dei tuoi pensieri consci e delle tue paure, elaborate di notte. Hai parlato a te stessa e questo ti ha consentito di liberare le emozioni. I sogni predittivi sono ben altri e soprattutto sono rari. Ciao. Augusta<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Il gioco prodotto da Activision e Terminal Reality prevederà l’azione in prima persona nello stile di “fai tutto ciò che è necessario per sopravvivere” e consentirà ai giocatori di vestire i panni di Daryl Dixon, il misterioso sopravvissuto armato di balestra, che, insieme a Merle cercheranno di raggiungere la salvezza nella città di Atlanta. Quindi sarà una sorta di Prequel della serietv.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>لطفا صبرکنید
2794
از آیات قرآن استفاده می شود که علت قتل هابیل به دست قابیل، صفت رذیله ی حسدی بوده که در وجود قابیل شعله می کشید و در نهایت به کشته شدن مظلومانه ی هابیل انجامید.
قرآن مجید داستان فرزندان آدم و قتل یکى به وسیله دیگرى را این گونه شرح داده است: "در آن هنگام که هر کدام کارى (قربانی) براى تقرب به پروردگار انجام دادند، اما از یکى (هابیل ) پذیرفته شد و از دیگری ( قابیل) پذیرفته نشد".[1] و همین موضوع سبب شد برادرى که عملش قبول نشده بود) قابیل)، دیگرى را تهدید به قتل کند، و "سوگند یاد نماید که تو را خواهم کشت"![2] اما برادر دوم (هابیل ) او را نصیحت کرد و گفت: اگر چنین جریانى پیش آمده گناه من نیست بلکه ایراد متوجه خود تو است که عملت با تقوا و پرهیزگارى همراه نبوده است و "خدا تنها از پرهیزگاران می پذیرد".[3]
سپس اضافه کرد: حتى"اگر تو به تهدیدت جامه عمل بپوشانى و دست به کشتن من دراز کنى، من هرگز مقابله به مثل نخواهم کرد و دست به کشتن تو دراز نمىکنم[4]." چرا که من از خدا می ترسم و هرگز دست به چنین گناهى نمىآلایم".[5]
به علاوه من نمی خواهم بار گناه دیگرى را بدوش بکشم "بلکه می خواهم تو بار گناه من و خویش را بدوش بکشى"[6] (زیرا اگر براستى این تهدید را عملى سازى بار گناهان گذشته من نیز بر دوش تو خواهد افتاد چرا که حق حیات را از من سلب نمودى و باید غرامت آن را بپردازى و چون عمل صالحى ندارى باید گناهان مرا بدوش بگیرى!) و مسلما با قبول این مسئولیت بزرگ "از دوزخیان خواهى بود و همین است جزاى ستمکاران".[7]
از این آیات بخوبى استفاده می شود که سرچشمه نخستین اختلافات، قتل، تعدى و تجاوز در جهان انسانیت مسئله حسد بوده، و این موضوع ما را به اهمیت این رذیله ی اخلاقى و اثر فوق العاده آن در رویدادهاى اجتماعى آشنا مىسازد.[8]
[1] مائده،27 (إِذْ قَرَّبا قُرْباناً فَتُقُبِّلَ مِنْ أَحَدِهِما وَ لَمْ یُتَقَبَّلْ مِنَ الْآخَرِ).
[2] مائده،27 (قالَ لَأَقْتُلَنَّکَ).
[3] مائده،27 (قالَ إِنَّما یَتَقَبَّلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْمُتَّقِینَ).
[4] مائده،28 (لَئِنْ بَسَطْتَ إِلَیَّ یَدَکَ لِتَقْتُلَنِی ما أَنَا بِباسِطٍ یَدِیَ إِلَیْکَ لِأَقْتُلَکَ).
[5] مائده،28 (إِنِّی أَخافُ اللَّهَ رَبَّ الْعالَمِینَ).
[6] مائده،29 (إِنِّی أُرِیدُ أَنْ تَبُوءَ بِإِثْمِی وَ إِثْمِکَ).
[7] مائده،29 (فَتَکُونَ مِنْ أَصْحابِ النَّارِ وَ ذلِکَ جَزاءُ الظَّالِمِینَ).
[8] ر.ک: تفسیر نمونه، ج4، ص346؛ ترجمه تفسیر المیزان، ج5، ص491؛ من هدى القرآن، ج2، ص353.
در تفسیر من هدی القرآن نوشته ی سید محمد تقى مدرسى، می خوانیم: ان قابیل لم یقتل أخاه من أجل الصراع على البقاء کما یزعم المذهب الدار و ینی، و لا من أجل الحصول على بنت أجمل کما یزعم المذهب الفرویدی، و لا من أجل سوء التربیة و ضغوط الاجتماع، أو الصراع الطبقی أو غیرها مما تزعمها المذاهب الاجتماعیة المختلفة، کلا، و لکنه قتله لحب الاستعلاء و الحسد، و إذا سیطرت البشریة على غریزة الاستعلاء فی ذاتها فقد وفقت للعیش بسلام مع بعضها و انتزعت من نفسها فتیل الحروب.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Green roofs have become a widespread phenomenon over the last few years but very little research has been focused on perfecting the practice in the Middle East, where high temperatures and dwindling water resources have prevented widespread uptake. But that is all set to change as a new center dedicated to researching the efficacy, ecology and overall environmental impact of green roofs has opened in Israel.
The University of Haifa received a gift from a British expert in the field of vegetated rooftops, and was facilitated by VP for External Relations and Resource Development Amos Gaver, according to a recent press release.
Long known to improve air quality, capture rainwater runoff, and enhance the energetic efficiency of buildings due to the insulation properties, a proliferation of green roofs in Israel and the rest of the Middle East could help to slash energy consumption.
They can help also promote greater biodiversity and urban living species for birds and insects and promote a greater green aesthetic in a region increasingly overrun with concrete buildings.
But planting a green roof isn’t quite as simple as an outdoor herb garden, which is why the Green Roof Ecology Research Center is such an important development.
“The new center, headed by Prof. Leon Blaustein of the University’s Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, will be examining the field in the Israeli context: Will it be possible to assemble green roofs in the Israeli climate without artificial irrigation? Will Israeli flora be reliable to serve for green roofs; And do green roofs increase the biological diversity of insets and plants?” according to the university’s press release.
“Research at the center will also examine the utilization of greywater irrigation for the roofs; whether a building’s height affects insect attraction to a green roof; whether drainage from green roofs might cause more environmental damage than good; and more.”
The University of Haifa has already outfitted one roof with 48 plant beds and is currently scouting out new candidates that will receive the same treatment.
Image courtesy the University of Haifa<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (congenital absence of uterus and vagina) – phenotypic manifestations and genetic approaches
© Guerrier et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 01 July 2005
- Accepted: 27 January 2006
- Published: 27 January 2006
The Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome affects at least 1 out of 4500 women and has for a long time been considered as a sporadic anomaly. Congenital absence of upper vagina and uterus is the prime feature of the disease which, in addition, is often found associated with unilateral renal agenesis or adysplasia as well as skeletal malformations (MURCS association). The phenotypic manifestations of MRKH overlap various other syndromes or associations and thus require accurate delineation. Since MRKH manifests itself in males, the term GRES syndrome (Genital, Renal, Ear, Skeletal) might be more appropriate when applied to both sexes. The MRKH syndrome, when described in familial aggregates, seems to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with an incomplete degree of penetrance and variable expressivity. This suggests the involvement of either mutations in a major developmental gene or a limited chromosomal deletion. Until recently progress in understanding the genetics of MRKH syndrome has been slow, however, now HOX genes have been shown to play key roles in body patterning and organogenesis, and in particular during genital tract development. Expression and/or function defects of one or several HOX genes may account for this syndrome.
- Female Genital Tract
- Gonadal Dysgenesis
- Oesophageal Atresia
- Wolffian Duct
Müllerian and Wolffian ducts are the primordia for the internal reproductive systems of females and males respectively and co-exist in the undifferentiated embryo until genetic sex triggers differentiation of either ovaries or testes. Müllerian ducts differentiate into Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and upper part of the vagina while the Wolffian ducts degenerate. In the male testicular production of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and androgens leads to the development of the Wolffian ducts into vas deferens and seminal vesicles.
Various forms of Müllerian abnormalities range from minor anatomical variations up to total aplasia, the latter being diagnosed as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome in 90% of affected women. The frequency of congenital absence of vagina and uterus is not yet entirely clear, although reported incidences vary from 1 in 4,000 to 5,000 female births [1, 3]. In women presenting with primary amenorrhea, MRKH is fairly common, being second to gonadal dysgenesis as a cause of amenorrhea [4, 5]. Although the vast majority of cases of MRKH seem to be sporadic familial aggregates have been reported [1, 6, 8].
Women with Müllerian agenesis show normal 46, XX karyotypes [9–12], normal external genitalia and functional ovaries [13, 14], there are however cases of polycystic ovaries [15, 16] and ovarian tumors [17–20]. Examination reveals an absence or severe hypoplasia of the upper vagina as well as frequent uterine agenesis. Due to a different embryonic origin, the lower third of the vagina is always present, [21, 22]. There appears to be two subtypes of MRKH: the typical (also called type I or isolated) and the atypical form (type II): the frequency of type II being much greater . The typical form is characterized by laparoscopic or laparotomic findings of symmetric muscular buds (the Müllerian remnants) and normal Fallopian tubes; this is referred to as the so-called Rokitansky sequence, where only the caudal part of the Müllerian duct (upper vagina and uterus) is affected (OMIM 277000 ). The atypical form shows, in addition, asymmetric hypoplasia of one or two buds, with or without dysplasia of the Fallopian tubes: this is often associated with other anomalies, including mainly renal defects (unilateral agenesis or ectopia of one or both kidneys, horseshoe kidney, in about 40–60% of patients) , cervico-thoracic (asymmetric, fused or wedged vertebrae, scoliosis and Klippel-Feil anomaly in about 20% of patients) and, to a minor extend, hearing defects [27, 28] and digital anomalies of varying severities [1, 10, 29–33]. For these reasons, clinicians use the term MURCS (MÜllerian Renal Cervical Somite) association [12, 34] which is the most severe form of the disorder (OMIM 148860 and 601076 ). It may be attributed to an alteration of the blastema of the cervicothoracic somites and the pronephric ducts which, by the end of the fourth week of fetal life, have an ultimately spatial relationship . These overall features clearly differentiate the MRKH syndrome from other defects of genital tract development such as androgen peripheral insensitivity (patients 46, XY) [6, 35] or Turner's syndrome (patients 45, X) .
Treatment is usually delayed until the patient is ready to start sexual activity. It may be either surgical or non-surgical but the chosen method needs to be tailored to the individual needs and motivation of the patient and the options available . For instance the Vecchietti operation is a mixture of surgical and non-surgical methods of creating a neovagina and has been performed frequently in Europe over the last 20 years .
In addition, it is important to manage psychological symptoms in women with Müllerian
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A and JEDEC standards have now been replaced by JS-002 which uses JEDEC type coin calibration modules. The integrated circuit was a 41 mm X 41 mm BGA with a metal heat sink on the top of the package.
Also, following Atwood, a value of 20.5 ohms was used for the combined 1-ohm sense resistor and spark resistance. The spark resistance was included as the on resistance of the relay. The value of inductance of 8 nH is somewhat larger than used by Atwood in his simulations, but the larger value better matches the waveform parameters in the FICDM standard JS-002 . Table 1 also includes the calculated initial DUT voltage used in the simulations. The initial voltage was calculated from the series capacitance of CDUT an CDG with 500 V across the two capacitors.
3 Waveform Results
Two simulated current waveforms are shown in Figure 3, for 3.19 pF and 173 pF modules, with a Field Plate voltage of 500 V. As would be expected, the CDM pulse for the smaller capacitance is smaller than the pulse for the larger capacitance. The small capacitor pulse width is also considerably narrower and less damped than for the large capacitor. What is surprising is that the despite the capacitance ratio of 68 between the two, the peak height varies by less than a factor of 2. The seemingly small difference between the waveforms can be understood if we consider how the CDM pulse is simply a redistribution of charge between the three capacitors when the DUT is grounded. The magnitude of the waveforms depends on relative values of the capacitors to each other, the difference between the state of voltages and charges on the capacitors before the CDM pulse, and the state of the voltages and charges on the capacitors just after the CDM pulse. While state of the voltages in the CDM system before the pulse are well understood, the voltage state just after the pulse are seldom considered.
Figure 4 shows the simulated DUT and Field Plate voltages, as well as the voltage across the CDUT capacitor, VCDUT, for the current pulses shown in Figure 3. The voltage on the DUT behaves similarly for the two DUT capacitances. The voltage starts off high, close to the charging voltage on the Field Plate, and drops to zero within 5 ns. The magnitude of the behavior for the Field Plate voltage and the voltage across CDUT are substantially different in magnitude, however.
For the 3.19 pF DUT the Field Plate voltage drops about 100 V while the voltage across CDUT increases from about 60 V to 400 V. In contrast, for the 173 pF DUT the Field Plate voltage drops by about 470 V while the voltage across CDUT increases from 7 V to just 29 V. The explanation is simple. For the 3.19 pF DUT the capacitor CFG is substantially larger than CDUT and can provide ample charge to CDUT when the DUT is grounded, while maintaining a high voltage on the Field Plate. For the 173 pF DUT the combined capacitances of CDG and CFG is 10.5 pF and just a small fraction of CDUT. The charge stored on CDG and CFG are therefore only able to change the voltage across CDUT a small amount, while the capacitor CFG is almost totally discharged.
4 Parameter Dependence on CDUT
The amount of charge, and therefore the amount of current, in the CDM stress pulse depends on the relative sizes of the three capacitors. Figure 5 shows the simulated total charge in a CDM pulse as a function of CDUT. In the insert to Figure 5 a linear scale is used for the capacitance and it shows that for very low capacitance the charge increases approximately linearly with CDUT. As CDUT’s value approaches the value of CFG the amount of charge saturates. For larger values of CDUT a logarithmic scale is used for CDUT to show how the behavior for large CDUT
The joint JEDEC/ESDA standard for CDM, JS-002 specifies four waveform parameters that must be met to qualify a FICDM tester, peak current, rise time, full width at half maximum and undershoot. We will not look at simulations of each of these parameters and see how they behave as a function of DUT capacitance. The parameters will also be compared to the waveform specifications from JS-002. In all cases the simulations fall within the experimentally determined waveform parameters in JS-002. This gives confidence that the simulations are a good representation of reality and are therefore useful for understanding the CDM event in FICDM testing
Figure 6 through Figure 9 show simulations of peak current, rise time, full width at half maximum and undershoot as a function of CDUT. In each of the figures the insert shows the behavior for low capacitance with a linear CDUT scale, while the main figure uses a log scale for CDUT for all capacitances simulated. All of the parameters show very sensitive dependence on CDUT for small CDUT, but saturation for large values of CDUT.
In this article the three-capacitor model for the field induced CDM ESD test method has been used to help understand the properties of the CDM test system. The model shows that during the CDM event currents that flow are the result of a redistribution of charge between the three capacitors in the CDM system. For small DUT to field plate capacitance, when CDUT is well below the capacitance CFG between the Field Plate and the Ground Plane, the currents are more sensitive to the value of CDUT. When CDUT approaches and becomes larger than CFG waveform properties become less sensitive to CDUT. The general trends as CDUT gets larger is that peak current increases, rise times get longer, width at half maximum increases and the amount of undershoot decreases.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Medical Definition of body fat
1: fat contained in adipose tissue In talking about fats, it is important to distinguish between dietary lipids—what you consume in foods—as opposed to body fat or blood lipids—those that are stored in adipose tissue or that circulate in the blood.—W. Virgil Brown and Donald A. Smith, in Total Nutrition: The Only Guide You'll Ever Need, 1995 ◆In the human body, body fat is typically stored below the skin and surrounding the internal organs.
2: adipose tissue From infancy up to adolescence, the growth of body fat or adipose tissue is fairly steady in boys and girls.—Wm. Cameron Chumlea and Michael LaMonte, in Pediatric Nutrition, 4th edition 2012
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up body fat? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>公园，穆斯林学者世界联合会的会长，在叙利亚北部的几个伊斯兰派别实现优素福基地卡拉达维连胜团结在我的房间里操作后， “征服军” 这解放了伊德利卜和”战斗胜利” 这解放了基斯尔.
谢赫·卡拉达维他的个人账户在社交网站表示， “叽叽喳喳” : “我们祝贺提供叙利亚反对派，并要求其派别之间更多的合作 {上帝的绳子，不能自行分裂}， {神成为基督徒，并证明你的脚}”.
卡拉达维继续说，击败了伊朗政权的军队和民兵战士在他的类在最近的战斗各派的赞誉，他说：: “这种武器不会在主人公的手里只有工作，只有信仰的英雄不言”.
他呼吁AL-卡拉达维需要在叙利亚反对派武装，并称支撑臂: “它必须是战争物资和体力去面对敌人，与神为敌”指着同时需要对战斗人员和增加之间有强烈的宗教因素和信念: “个人未经宗教或信仰在风中的羽毛，不解决的话，不知道其目标，不辜负麦凯恩的决定”.
值得注意的是，谢赫优素福基地卡拉达维叙利亚政权和伊朗强烈抨击此前的若干论坛上，还要求 “圣战” 反对阿萨德政权b”手，舌，心脏”，呼吁穆斯林不要注意科学家 “苏丹” 谁证明 “统治者和他们的行动Icheranon的压迫”.
我们祝贺提供叙利亚反对派，并要求其派别之间更多的合作 { 上帝的绳子，不能自行分裂 }{ 神成为基督徒，并证明你的脚}
— 优素福AL-卡拉达维 (alqaradawy) 四月 29, 2015
(词)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Excelde Alt Satıra Geçme isimli bu dosyada, bir Excel formülü ile birden fazla hücrede yer alan verileri tek bir hücrede alt alta yazdırma öğretilmektedir. Yukarıda kısa bir özetinin yazılı olduğu dosyaya ait tüm detayları incelemek ve dosyayı indirmek için, yan kısımda bulunan Daha fazla bilgi al butonuna tıklamanız yeterli olacaktır.
Bu dosyayı indirmek için, hesabınızı yükseltmeniz gerekir. Hemen hesap yükseltmek yapmak için buraya tıklayabilirsiniz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Origin: Widespread in timbered area of eastern Australia from Cape York to Tasmania
Size: 320mm including a 135mm tail
This cheeky bird has a violet-blue head with lighter blue feather shafts on the collar and yellow-green on the nape. The rest of the upper parts of the body including the tail are green.
The breast and sides of the body are bright orange-yellow and barred with dark blue. And in the centre of the belly there is a large patch of deep violet-blue. The thighs, lower flanks and under tail coverts are green with yellow markings with a narrow yellow band on the underside of the flight feathers. Its eyes are orange-red, the beak is coral and the legs are grey-green.
The hen is very similar in colour to the male and the immature chicks have duller, shorter tails.
In the wild these boisterous little birds like to nest in the hollow limbs and holes found in trees. When kept as pets nest boxes or hollow limbs can be placed in the aviary. And to keep your birds truly happy it’s also a good idea to plant some non-poisonous naïve plants for the birds to “hide in” and to chew on.
It’s also a good idea to spread fresh sawdust on the floor of the aviary but in one corner only and change it as soon as it becomes soiled.
All food and water dishes must be kept clean and fresh nectar mix needs to be given each day. And because of their liquid diet, droppings are very watery so the best way to house these birds is in suspended aviaries and make cleaning much easier.
As a rule these birds do not eat seed – they are nectar eaters and so need a special nectar mix both wet and dry in constant supply. Fresh apples, grapes, bananas, insects and their larvae, and pollen from eucalyptus blossoms and native trees also need to be supplied to provide a balanced diet.
Features: The mouth parts of Lorikeets have been modified to allow them to easily collect a diet of plant nectar. The female usually lays two eggs that she incubates on her own for 23 days, but the male helps feed the chicks once they have hatched.
When flying together in a flock these birds give out a continuous screech and a shrill chatter when feeding and a soft twitter when they are feeling safe and relaxed.
Lorikeets appear to be fearless and in their search for food will scramble over all visitors who come to see them in the various parks where they are fed with a diluted honey mixture.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Fed'den ABD'nin En Büyük Bankalarına “Yeşil Işık”
Fed, finans kuruluşlarının sağlamlığını ölçmek amacıyla 2010'dan bu yana her yıl yaptığı Kapsamlı Sermaye Analizleri ve Değerlendirmesinin (CCAR) ikinci aşamasına ilişkin sonuçları açıkladı.
Buna göre, değerlendirmeye tabi tutulan 34 Amerikan bankasının hepsinin sermaye planları kabul edildi. JP Morgan Chase, Bank of America, Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, HSBC ve Morgan Stanley gibi finans devlerinin aralarında bulunduğu bu kuruluşlar, Fed'in sermaye planlarına itiraz etmemesi sayesinde ekstra sermayelerini hisse geri alımı ve temettü dağıtımı için kullanma imkanı kazandı.
Öte yandan, Fed'in sermaye planını kabul etmesine rağmen planlama sürecindeki zayıflıkları yıl sonuna kadar gidermesi istenen tek banka Virginia merkezli Capital One oldu. Ülkenin en büyük 9'uncu bankası niteliğindeki Capital One'ın sermaye planını güçlendirerek bu yıl sona ermeden yeniden sunması gerektiği bildirildi.
Amerikan bankalarının hisse senetleri, Fed'in "yeşil ışık" olarak değerlendirilen açıklamasının ardından değer kazandı. JP Morgan Chase ve Bank of America yüzde 4'ü aşan artışlarla hisselerdeki kazançlara öncülük etti.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Almost every thing that humans “know how to do” involves solving a certain problem(s). For example, tying your shoes solves the problem of keeping your shoes on your feet when you walk or run. It’s a simple and beautiful solution to common (and important!) problem. Somebody clever had to figure it out first.
You know how to do many things, from simple things like tying your shoes, to very difficult things like designing buildings or writing computer programs. The challenge: can you explain how to do something in English?
In your “How To” presentation, include the following sections:
- An Introduction to a General Situation
- An Explanation of a Specific Problem
- A Solution to the Problem
- How to do the Solution, in steps
- Concluding Evaluative Remarks
Here’s my Sample Presentation about cutting “dovetail joints.”
- No long sentences on slides.
- Keep graphics simple & easy to understand.
- Simplified steps okay.
- No reading sentences!
Presentation Rehearsal Day: 6/17 & 6/24
7/1 & 7/8 7/8 & 7/15
Print this rubric<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش خبرنگار گروه استان های باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان از ساری ، محمدپور عمران رئیس سازمان صنعت، معدن و تجارت مازندران گفت: با توجه به عزم این سازمان برای مبارزه با این پدیده شوم بیش از ۸۸۰ مورد بازرسی خرداد امسال در سراسر استان انجام شد.
وی پرونده تشکیل شده برای واحدهای متخلف را بیش از ۵ هزار و ۸۰۰ میلیارد ریال اعلام کرد و افزود: پروندههای جهت سیر قانونی به اداره تعزیرات حکومتی ارسال شده است.
محمدپور عمران با بیان اینکه بازرسیهای صورت گرفته از واحدهای عمده و خرده فروشی و شرکت های پخش بود، افزود: کالاهای قاچاق کشف شده شامل سیگار، لوازم آرایشی و بهداشتی، مواد غذایی و خوار و بار، انواع آدامس، انواع نوشیدنی، برنج و لوازم خانگی بوده است.
رئیس سازمان صنعت، معدن و تجارت مازندران گفت: شهروندان استان میتوانند با مشاهده هر گونه تخلف اقتصادی اعم از گرانفروشی، عدم درج قیمت، تقلب عدم صدور فاکتور و یا مشاهده کالاهای قاچاق موارد را به سامانه تلفنی ۱۲۴ اعلام کنند.
انتهای پیام/ م
شناسایی ۷۲ متخلف در طرح تشدید مبارزه با قاچاق کالا<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>آی اسپورت- ادینسون کاوانی، مهاجم تیم ملی اروگوئه معتقد است که بازیکنان تیم ملی انگلیس مانند "ماشین" است.
مهاجم پاری سن ژرمن که شایعات زیادی مبنی بر حضورش در لیگ برتر به گوش می رسد، تاکید کرد که برای فوتبال و فرهنگ فوتبالی انگلیس، احترام زیادی قائل است.
کاوانی در مصاحبه با Perform گفت:" آنها ماشین هستند. فکر میکنم انگلیسیها، ایتالیایی ها و آلمان ها، روحیاتی شبیه به هم دارند و برای همین، آنها را ماشین میدانم.
زیرا آنها تاکتیکهای خوبی دارند، تحت فشار بسیار خوب کار میکنند و برای همین من انگلیس را به عنوان یکی از بهترین لیگهای دنیا میدانم.
برای من، بازی کردن مقابل آنها و بازیکنانی که دارند، فوقالعاده خواهد بود."
با این حال، کاوانی از اینکه تیم ملی کشورش، بازیکنی مثل سوارس را در ترکیب خود دارد، بسیار خوشحال است.
او گفت: "ما بازیکنانی را داریم که در سطح اول فوتبال انگلیس بازی میکنند و شخصیت انگلیسی دارند زیرا برای بازی کردن کنار آنها باید آنگونه شوی.
بازیکنانی داریم که آن سطح از فوتبال را به خوبی میشناسند و در بالاترین سطح، فوتبال بازی کردهاند.
امروزه، تیم ملی ما بازیکنانی دارد که در سطح اروپا و تیمهای بزرگ بازی کرده و تجربه خوبی دارند.
برای همین است که اروگوئه در سطح جهان شناخته شده است، زیرا با وجود جمعیت کمی که داریم، بازیکنان بسیار خوبی در سطح جهان داریم که مقابل ایتالیا یا انگلیس یا هرتیم دیگری، برای پیروزی پا در میدان میگذارند."<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Nasıl Telefon Operatörü Olunur? Telefon Operatörü Ne İş Yapar?
Telefon operatörü olmak için herhangi bir bölümden mezuniyet şartı aranmaz. En az lise mezunu olan ve temel düzeyde bilgisayar kullanıp iletişim yeteneği gelişmiş olan kişiler telefon operatörü olarak çalışabilir. Telefon operatörü, bulunduğu kurumun ürün ve hizmetlerini bilgi almak isteyen müşterileri aktarır, sorularını yanıtlar ve bilgi verir.
Telefon Operatörü Olmak için Koşullar Nelerdir?
Telefon operatörü olmak için gerekenler şunlardır:
- En az lise mezunu olmak
- Çalışılacak alanla ilgili bilgi sahibi olmak
- MS Office programlarını kullanmayı bilmek
- Temel bilgisayar kullanımına hâkim olmak
Telefon Operatörü Olmak için Gerekli Eğitimler Nelerdir?
Telefon operatörü olmak için liseden mezun olmak yeterlidir. Meslek, bu alanda deneyim elde edilerek öğrenilir.
Kimler Telefon Operatörü Olabilir?
Telefon operatörü olmak için kişinin sahip olması gereken özellikler şunlardır:
- Sabırlı olmak
- Etkili iletişim becerisine sahip olmak
- Çözüm odaklı olmak
- Sorunlara hızlı ve etkili çözüm üretebilmek
- Stres altında çalışmaya dayanıklı olmak
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