Passage stringlengths 167 964 | DOI stringlengths 25 34 | Material stringlengths 6 40 | Rc float64 0 1,000B | Unit stringclasses 2
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Laser additive manufacturing of ductile Fe-based bulk metallic glass composite. In the present study, a Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2 (as-cast strength about 3.5 GPa and high glass-forming ability) BMG was selected as the model material. With excellent mechanical properties and a critical cooling rate of about 80 K/s for amor... | 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.01.013 | B6C15Co7Cr15Fe41Mo14Y2 | 80 | K/s | 1.90309 |
3D printing of Fe-based bulk metallic glass composites with combined high strength and fracture toughness. If there is, what are the underlying physical origins for the scenario? In the present work, the inherently brittle Fe43.7Co7.3Cr14.7Mo12.6C15.5B4.3Y1.9 (at.%%) glassy alloy with high strength (~3.5GPa) and good g... | 10.1016/j.matdes.2018.01.061 | B4.3C15.5Co7.3Cr14.7Fe43.7Mo12.6Y1.9 | 80 | K/s | 1.90309 |
The kinetics of devitrification of amorphous alloys: The time–temperature–crystallinity diagram describing the spark plasma sintering of Fe-based metallic glasses. It has been proposed that yttrium disrupts compound formation in Fe-based amorphous alloys, hence the critical cooling rate is lower in this material compar... | 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.019 | B6C15Cr15Fe48Mo14Y2 | 80 | K/s | 1.90309 |
Viscosity-related properties of Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk metallic glass determined by uniaxial tension in the supercooled liquid region. Using Richard's law for Δ H f , it was found that T N = 558 K and t N = 2.5 s . Hence, according to Eq. (14), the critical cooling rate for the present alloy is 83°C/s and 75°C/s using th... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.116 | Cu25Mg65Y10 | 83 | K/s | 1.919078 |
Fe65.5Cr4Mo4Ga4P12C5B5.5 BMGs: Sample preparation, thermal stability and mechanical properties. Lu and Liu [18] linked the new dimensionless γ parameter to the critical cooling rate R c as well as to a critical cross section Z c by studying the data available in literature for representative non-ferrous BMGs. Using γ p... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.08.188 | B5.5C5Cr4Fe65.5Ga4Mo4P12 | 91 | K/s | 1.959041 |
Glass formation and crystallization behavior in Mg65Cu25Y10−x Gd x (x=0, 5 and 10) alloys. Bulk amorphous specimens with a diameter of 4 mm were successfully produced by injection casting Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy into a Cu-mold [7]. The critical cooling rate for the amorphous phase formation is about 10^(2) K/s for this alloy... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.03.110 | Cu25Mg65Y10 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Detailed structural analysis of amorphous Pd40Cu40P20: Comparison with the metallic glass Pd40Ni40P20 from the viewpoint of glass forming ability. However, that of PCP highly depends on the manufacturers, such as more than 7 mm by He et al. [2], only a ribbon form by Lysenko et al. [8], or in the best case a plate with... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120536 | Cu40P20Pd40 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Structural and mechanical properties of Hf55Cu28Ni5Al12bulk metallic glass alloy prepared at different cooling rates. Based on typical values of the parameters mentioned above, Eq. (1) can be empirically reduced to The cooling rates (K/s) in the present study for the melt-spun ribbon and the cylindrical cross-section r... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2021.121373 | Al12Cu28Hf55Ni5 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Elastic properties of Cu60Zr20Hf10Ti10 bulk metallic glass under high pressure. The cooling rate is the most important factor for these systems to inhibit the nucleation and growth of the competition crystalline phases. For CuZrHfTi alloy, however, the critical cooling rate is about 100 K/s and much lower than that of ... | 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.10.026 | Cu60Hf10Ti10Zr20 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Formation of ferromagnetic bulk amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloys. It is indicated that the heterophase impurities have been removed and restricted more properly in our technique. The maximum diameter of bulk amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy rods prepared from the fluxed specimen is ∼2.5mm and the corresponding critical cool... | 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.02.054 | B6Fe40Ni40P14 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Microstructural and thermoanalytical investigations of nano-phase formation in Ti20Zr20Cu60 alloy. Hence, this particular composition synthesized by melt spinning has been taken up in this work for the study of microstructure developed on isothermal annealing at various temperatures. Kovneristyi and Pashkovskaja, on th... | 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.172 | Cu50Ti10Zr40 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Glass formation and local structure evolution in rapidly cooled PdNi alloy melt under high pressure. Since the presently used MD method is not suitable to simulate the cooling process at a relatively low cooling rate (<10^(10) K/s), the corresponding pressure for the Pd55Ni45 melt to form the glassy phase at low coolin... | 10.1016/j.physleta.2007.08.072 | Ni45Pd55 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Roles of minor additions in formation and properties of bulk metallic glasses. The excellent mechanical properties and the predicted chemical stability that originates from their seamless cylindrical graphitic structure suggest that CNT might act as a novel material for preparing metallic glassy matrix composites, whic... | 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.07.003 | Al10Cu17.9Ni14.6Ti5Zr52.5 | 100 | K | 2 |
Nanocalorimetry: Door opened for in situ material characterization under extreme non-equilibrium conditions. Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 has a high GFA [487], and a fully amorphous sample was prepared by using an improved Flash DSC sensor [348,488]. The experimental critical cooling rate (R c, cri) avoiding crystallizat... | 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.04.001 | Ag5.5Au49Cu26.9Pd2.3Si16.3 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Glass forming ability of La–Al–Ni–Cu and Pd–Si–Cu bulk metallic glasses. T m and T g for these five Pd-based metallic glasses do not vary very much, whilst T l has a minimum of Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 alloy. The formation of amorphous spheres of 1.5mm in diameter has been reported in Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 alloy with a critical cooli... | 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01563-X | Cu6Pd77.5Si16.5 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Bulk metallic glass formation in the Mg–Cu–Zn–Y system. Based on a relationship between the maximum casting thickness obtainable for a metallic glass and critical cooling rate, as expressed by (1) R c (K/s)=10/t^(2) (cm) where t is the resultant sample thickness [10], the critical cooling rate to form the glass for an ... | 10.1016/S1359-6462(02)00055-6 | Cu25Mg65Y10 | 100 | K/s | 2 |
Electron-beam welding of Zr50Cu30Ni10Al10 bulk glassy alloys. In this report, the critical cooling rate for the glassy phase formation at the unidirectional solidification S/L interface is about 40K/s. However, in the case of a V-shape copper mold equipped with thermocouples, the critical cooling rate with about 104K/s... | 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.225 | Al10Cu15Ni5Pd5Zr60 | 104 | K/s | 2.017033 |
Ternary Sm–Al–Co bulk metallic glass with high glass-forming ability. For the Sm55Al25Co20 alloy with 4mm in diameter, its critical cooling rate is about 60K/s. As for previously reported, Sm60Fe10Al10Co15Cu5 BMG with critical diameter of 3mm, its critical cooling rate is about 110K/s, obviously higher than Sm55Al25Co2... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.05.072 | Al10Co15Cu5Fe10Sm60 | 110 | K/s | 2.041393 |
Undercooling behavior of Zr–Cu–Ni–Al bulk metallic glasses investigated by in situ synchrotron high energy X-ray diffraction. Lin and Johnson proposed that R c is closely related to the critical diameter of BMG [50], d max is the critical radius of the rod-shaped BMG in the unit of centimeter. Substituting the correspo... | 10.1016/j.msea.2012.06.030 | Al16.3Cu18.7Ni12Zr53 | 111 | K/s | 2.045323 |
Crystallization discrepancies in Mg65Zn30Ca5 metallic glass ribbon and thin film revealed by nanocalorimetry. In contrast, the ribbon and thin film samples provide broad diffraction signals. Previously, Shiflet et al. prepared a Mg65Zn30Ca5 metallic glass rod with a diameter of 3 mm and estimated the critical cooling r... | 10.1016/j.tca.2023.179517 | Ca5Mg65Zn30 | 111 | K/s | 2.045323 |
Reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys. It is to be noticed that the alloy Mg90Ni5Nd5 has the largest melting interval with the poorest GFA among these eight alloys. Similarly in the Pd-based alloys, bulk glass formation has been reported in Pd77Cu4Si18 and Pd77Cu6Si... | 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00064-8 | Cu6Pd77Si17 | 125 | K/s | 2.09691 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. Their corresponding critical cooling rates are listed in Table 6. It is seen that the critical cooling rates are reduced to 1.38×10^(2) K/s, 1.80×10^(2) K/s and 2.13×10^(2) K/s (Turnbull method), and 0.64K/s, 0.96K/s and 0.89K/s (TS me... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu60Ti7.5Zr32.5 | 138 | K/s | 2.139879 |
Glass forming ability and microstructure of hard magnetic Nd60Al20Fe20 glass forming alloy. The parameter has been successfully demonstrated in various glass forming systems. The value of γ calculated for Nd60Al20Fe20 BMG is about 0.36, and the critical cooling rate (R c=C 1exp[(-1n C 1/γ 0)γ], where C 1 and γ 0 are co... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.01.033 | Al20Fe20Nd60 | 160 | K/s | 2.20412 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. Their corresponding critical cooling rates are listed in Table 6. It is seen that the critical cooling rates are reduced to 1.38×10^(2) K/s, 1.80×10^(2) K/s and 2.13×10^(2) K/s (Turnbull method), and 0.64K/s, 0.96K/s and 0.89K/s (TS me... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu60Ti10Zr30 | 180 | K/s | 2.255273 |
Microstructure and crystallization mechanism of Ti-based bulk metallic glass by electron beam welding. On the other hand, the critical cooling rate for glass formation largely depends on the solidification condition. For Zr60Cu15Ni10Al10Pd5 metallic glass, Inoue et al. have reported a critical cooling rate of ～190 K/s ... | 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.01.027 | Al10Cu15Ni10Pd5Zr60 | 190 | K/s | 2.278754 |
Effects of Sn addition on the glass forming ability and crystallization behavior in Ni–Zr–Ti–Si alloys. Fig. 6(c) shows a re-plot of the DTA spectra shown in Fig. 6(a) and (b) into a form of In R as a function of 1/(T L-T xc)^(2). The resulting critical cooling rate for the formation of the amorphous phase in the Ni59Z... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.10.011 | Ni59Si5Ti16Zr20 | 200 | K/s | 2.30103 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. Their corresponding critical cooling rates are listed in Table 6. It is seen that the critical cooling rates are reduced to 1.38×10^(2) K/s, 1.80×10^(2) K/s and 2.13×10^(2) K/s (Turnbull method), and 0.64K/s, 0.96K/s and 0.89K/s (TS me... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu50Ti7.5Zr42.5 | 213 | K/s | 2.32838 |
Detailed structural analysis of amorphous Pd40Cu40P20: Comparison with the metallic glass Pd40Ni40P20 from the viewpoint of glass forming ability. However, that of PCP highly depends on the manufacturers, such as more than 7 mm by He et al. [2], only a ribbon form by Lysenko et al. [8], or in the best case a plate with... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2020.120536 | Cu40P20Pd40 | 238 | K/s | 2.376577 |
Atomic structure and formation of CuZrAl bulk metallic glasses and composites. Yu et al. [19] showed that with addition of 4–8at.%% Al to Cu50Zr50 alloy, glassy rods with diameter of at least 5mm can be cast. An estimated critical cooling rate of about 250Ks^(-1) for the Cu50Zr50 BMG decreases below 40Ks^(-1) for the C... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.060 | Cu50Zr50 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. It has been reported that the critical cooling rate of Cu50Zr50 alloy is about 250K/s [25]. Park et al. reported that the Cu–TM (transition metal) alloy system has a high GFA with critical cooling rates avoiding crystallization below 1... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu50Zr50 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Small scale resistance spot welding of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 (Vitreloy 101) bulk metallic glass. Hence there is a minimum critical cooling rate between T liquidus and T g at which nucleation can be hindered to prevent the onset of crystallization. Such an effect has been verified experimentally (Bossuyt, 2001) and, according... | 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.06.003 | Cu47Ni8Ti34Zr11 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Excellent glass-forming ability in simple Cu50Zr50-based alloys. The critical cooling rate (R c) for the quenched alloys can be estimated by R c =dR/dt (K/s)=10/R ^(2) (cm) [22], where R is the typical dimension of the formed amorphous alloys. For the Cu50Zr50 BMG, the estimated R c is about 250K/s. | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.012 | Cu50Zr50 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Effect of Al addition on structure and dynamics of Zr-Cu-Al glass-forming alloy. The GFA of BMG forming alloys are dependent on composition and, even a minor change in the fraction of the alloying element results in a drastic change in the GFA of the alloys. For example, the critical cooling rate RC (which gives measur... | 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.633 | Cu50Zr50 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Roles of minor additions in formation and properties of bulk metallic glasses. When 4% Al is added, the full amorphous rod can be produced up to 5mm at least. For the alloy with 4% Al addition, the critical cooling rate R c drops from 250K/s for the Cu50Zr50 BMG to about 40K/s. | 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2006.07.003 | Cu50Zr50 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Revisiting the Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 glass-forming alloy. It was reported by Lin et al. [18] that the critical cooling rate for the Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 bulk metallic glass is 250K/s. Subsequently, it was reported by Choi-Yim et al. [1] that the addition of 1at.%% Si decreases the critical cooling rate by three orders of magni... | 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2005.11.007 | Cu47Ni8Ti34Zr11 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Formation of Fe-based glassy matrix composite coatings by laser processing. Considering k =80.2J·s^(-1)·m^(-1)·K^(-1) [31], α=0.3 [31], (T - T 0)=1102K [3], L =1.94×10^(9) J·m^(-3) [31] and rb =1.5mm (k, α and L are for pure Fe [31]), the cooling rate in the remelted coating was estimated to be 1.84×10^(5) K/s. This co... | 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.12.049 | B19.2Co28.8Fe43.2Nb4Si4.8 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Undercooling of bulk metallic glasses processed by electrostatic levitation. Simple arguments show that the maximum casting thickness obtainable for a bulk metallic glass alloy is related to the critical cooling rate by (1) dT/dt(K/s)=10/R^(2) (cm), where R is the resultant specimen thickness. For the Vit 101 alloy the... | 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00139-8 | Cu47Ni8Ti34Zr11 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Glass forming ability and in-situ composite formation in Pd-based bulk metallic glasses. Within a rather narrow cooling rate range between 0.63 and 1.98 K/s, the sample changes from fully amorphous to crystalline, as shown in Fig. 6. On the other hand, the critical cooling rate for glass formation is about 250 K/s for ... | 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00438-X | Cu30Ni10P18Pd42 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Optimum glass formation at off-eutectic composition and its relation to skewed eutectic coupled zone in the La based La–Al–(Cu,Ni) pseudo ternary system. With a further increase in Al content, the limiting diameter dropped sharply to 1 or 2 mm (Fig. 2b). We have also noticed similar results for Pd based Pd–Cu–Ni–P allo... | 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00291-X | Cu30Ni10P18Pd42 | 250 | K/s | 2.39794 |
Determination of forming ability of high pressure die casting for Zr-based metallic glass. For example, Hng et al. (1996) found the computed critical cooling rate of a Zr66Ni26Al8 BMG changes from 0.81K/s to 260K/s by using the fitted viscosity obtained by using above different assumptions. Therefore, it is essential t... | 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.01.015 | Al8Ni26Zr66 | 260 | K/s | 2.414973 |
Synthesis of ZrC/Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 metallic-glass matrix composite powders by high pressure gas atomization. The critical cooling rate for the formation of glassy phase in the Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 alloy, therefore, seems to be less than 3 × 10^(2) K/s because the matrix of the powder was amorphous even for the powder size of ... | 10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00510-8 | Al10Cu30Ni5Zr55 | 300 | K/s | 2.477121 |
Abnormal increase of glass forming ability under rising mold temperature in high pressure die casting. Laws et al. [3] reported that the Rc as a function of the critical size Dc follow the relationship: Rc = 1353/Dc (K/s), where the unit of Dc is mm. Therefore, the Rc for present Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 is estimated approximat... | 10.1016/j.matlet.2019.03.127 | Al10Cu30Ni5Zr55 | 310 | K/s | 2.491362 |
Abnormal devitrification behavior and mechanical response of cold-rolled Mg-rich Mg-Cu-Gd metallic glasses. Although it is well known that most Mg-based BMGs exhibit extreme brittleness, the ribbon sample of Mg-rich alloy compositions over 75 at.%% Mg can be folded 180°, and it is possible to apply severe plastic defor... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.026 | Cu15Gd10Mg75 | 325 | K/s | 2.511883 |
Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu46Zr47Al7 bulk metallic glass composite containing CuZr crystallizing phases. And a typical feature of a combination of veins and some cores under tension of 2mm Cu46Zr47Al7 BMG is given in Fig. 5(d). During the casting, when the cooling rate is higher than the cr... | 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.093 | Al7Cu46Zr47 | 370 | K/s | 2.568202 |
Reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys. Our result as well as that of Busch et al. [15] shows that this alloy is at a ternary eutectic point. Similarly, each of the two best glass forming alloys, Mg65Ni20Nd15 and Mg70Ni20Nd10 with critical section thickness of 3.5 an... | 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00064-8 | Mg70Nd10Ni20 | 400 | K/s | 2.60206 |
The correlation between reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk metallic glasses. Our result as well as that of Busch et al [14] show that this alloy is at a ternary eutectic point. Similarly, each of the two best glass forming alloys, Mg65Ni20Nd15 and Mg70Ni20Nd10 with critical section t... | 10.1016/S1359-6462(99)00417-0 | Mg70Nd10Ni20 | 400 | K/s | 2.60206 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. For example, the fragility parameters for Cu64Zr26 and Cu60Zr32.5Ti7.5 alloys are 9.3 and 8.31, which are highest among the Cu–Zr binary and ternary alloys, respectively. These two alloys also have the lowest critical cooling rate of 4... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu64Zr26 | 432 | K/s | 2.635484 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. The critical cooling rates, R c, for the nine alloys are listed in Table 5. It is seen that, the lowest critical cooling rate is 9.78×10^(3) K/s by Turnbull method, or 432K/s by TS method for Cu64Zr36 alloy. | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu64Zr36 | 432 | K/s | 2.635484 |
Synthesis of in situ bulk glass matrix composite in by Bridgman method. The corresponding critical cooling rate for the formation of fully amorphous material in the La66Al14Cu10Ni10 alloy was estimated as ~450K/s using the equation in [17], indicating that this alloy is not a good bulk glass former. On the other hand, ... | 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.206 | Al14Cu10La66Ni10 | 450 | K/s | 2.653213 |
Synthesis of in situ bulk glass matrix composite in by Bridgman method. This is in excellent agreement with the estimation from the Bridgman solidification results. The Bridgman growth results for Pd42Cu30Ni10P18 showed that the critical cooling rates for fully amorphous state and composite formation are ~450 and 1.98K... | 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.206 | Cu30Ni10P18Pd42 | 450 | K/s | 2.653213 |
Synthesis of La-based in-situ bulk metallic glass matrix composite. The corresponding critical cooling rate for the formation of fully amorphous in the La66Al14Cu10Ni10 alloy was estimated as ∼450 K/s using the equation in Ref. [9], indicating that this alloy is not a good bulk glass former. On the other hand, the crit... | 10.1016/S0966-9795(02)00148-6 | Al14Cu10La66Ni10 | 450 | K/s | 2.653213 |
A bulk metallic glass based on heavy rare earth gadolinium. The critical cooling rates for the full glass formation of the alloy can be estimated by using: dT/dt (K/s)=10/R ^(2) (cm) [21], where R is the typical dimension of the formed amorphous alloy. For the Gd60Cu20Ni10Al10 alloy, its critical cooling rate is about ... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.07.005 | Al10Cu20Gd60Ni10 | 500 | K/s | 2.69897 |
Reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys. It is to be noticed that the alloy Mg90Ni5Nd5 has the largest melting interval with the poorest GFA among these eight alloys. Similarly in the Pd-based alloys, bulk glass formation has been reported in Pd77Cu4Si18 and Pd77Cu6Si... | 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00064-8 | Cu4Pd77Si18 | 500 | K/s | 2.69897 |
Reduced glass transition temperature and glass forming ability of bulk glass forming alloys. The formation of amorphous spheres 1.5 mm in diameter has been reported for Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 alloy [21]. Both Pd77Cu6Si17 and Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 alloys showed very small melting interval in our study with high T rg values, while Pd... | 10.1016/S0022-3093(00)00064-8 | Cu4Pd79.5Si16.5 | 500 | K/s | 2.69897 |
Glass forming ability of La–Al–Ni–Cu and Pd–Si–Cu bulk metallic glasses. T m and T g for these five Pd-based metallic glasses do not vary very much, whilst T l has a minimum of Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 alloy. The formation of amorphous spheres of 1.5mm in diameter has been reported in Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 alloy with a critical cooli... | 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01563-X | Cu4Pd79.5Si16.5 | 500 | K/s | 2.69897 |
Summary of the CALPHAD XXXVI 2007 conference. The mobility values for B, C, Fe, Cr and Mo used to perform these calculations were based on the results of Tyagi et al. [9]. The results for SAM7, which contains 2 at.%% Y, following the findings of Lu et al. [10] and Ponnambalam et al. [11,12], and SAM2X5 [13] which exhib... | 10.1016/j.calphad.2007.11.002 | B15.2C3.8Cr17.7Fe49.7Mn1.9Mo7.4Si2.4W1.6 | 600 | K/s | 2.778151 |
Nanocalorimetry: Door opened for in situ material characterization under extreme non-equilibrium conditions. Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 has a high GFA [487], and a fully amorphous sample was prepared by using an improved Flash DSC sensor [348,488]. The experimental critical cooling rate (R c, cri) avoiding crystallizat... | 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2019.04.001 | Ag5.5Au49Cu26.9Pd2.3Si16.3 | 600 | K/s | 2.778151 |
Reprint of: Nanocalorimetry: Door opened for in situ material characterization under extreme non-equilibrium conditions. Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 has a high GFA [487], and a fully amorphous sample was prepared by using an improved Flash DSC sensor [348,488]. The experimental critical cooling rate (R c, cri) avoiding ... | 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2021.100819 | Ag5.5Au49Cu26.9Pd2.3Si16.3 | 600 | K/s | 2.778151 |
The kinetics of devitrification of amorphous alloys: The time–temperature–crystallinity diagram describing the spark plasma sintering of Fe-based metallic glasses. It has been proposed that yttrium disrupts compound formation in Fe-based amorphous alloys, hence the critical cooling rate is lower in this material compar... | 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.019 | B15.2C3.8Cr17.7Fe49.7Mn1.9Mo7.4Si2.4W1.6 | 600 | K/s | 2.778151 |
Nucleation modes of the drop tube processed Nd70Fe20Al10 droplets. With these values, the TTT curve is drawn as curve (3) of Fig. 4. The critical cooling rate (R c) for homogeneous nucleation is equal to 10^(3) K/s. | 10.1016/j.matlet.2003.08.010 | Al10Fe20Nd70 | 1,000 | K/s | 3 |
Crystallization behaviour and thermal stability of two aluminium-based metallic glass powder materials. A good linear relationship was found to exist between ln R and 1 / ( T l - T xc ) 2 for each alloy (Fig. 8). This provides an estimate of R c =1000K/s for Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 and R c =1500K/s for Al85Ni5Y6Co2Fe2. | 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.107 | Al86Co2La1.5Ni6Y4.5 | 1,000 | K/s | 3 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. It is seen that, the lowest critical cooling rate is 9.78×10^(3) K/s by Turnbull method, or 432K/s by TS method for Cu64Zr36 alloy. For Cu46Zr54, the calculated critical cooling rate is 5.41×10^(4) K/s (Turnbull method) or 1.14×10^(3) ... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu46Zr54 | 1,140 | K/s | 3.056905 |
Crystallization behaviour and thermal stability of two aluminium-based metallic glass powder materials. A good linear relationship was found to exist between ln R and 1 / ( T l - T xc ) 2 for each alloy (Fig. 8). This provides an estimate of R c =1000K/s for Al86Ni6Y4.5Co2La1.5 and R c =1500K/s for Al85Ni5Y6Co2Fe2. | 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.107 | Al85Co2Fe2Ni5Y6 | 1,500 | K/s | 3.176091 |
Crystal nucleation in Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 glass and undercooled melt. With an increasing cooling rate, four stages with different nucleation and crystallization behaviors are distinguished. The critical cooling rate suppressing crystallization and homogeneous nucleation is estimated at about 1840 K/s and 3200 K/... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167953 | Ag5.5Au49Cu26.9Pd2.3Si16.3 | 1,840 | K/s | 3.264818 |
Evaluation of glass formation and critical casting diameter in Al-based metallic glasses. As shown in Table 1, the values of R c for the typical Al-based metallic glasses are in the range of 10^(3) K/s to 10^(4) K/s, which is comparable to that ever estimated from experimental experience. As expected, the composition o... | 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.138 | Al86Co2La1.5Ni6Y4.5 | 3,010 | K/s | 3.478566 |
Kinetics of structure formation in the vicinity of the glass transition. The critical rate approach has been used in the present study. The critical cooling rate to form a CHG in Au49Ag5.5Pd2.3Cu26.9Si16.3 is 4000 K s^(-1), while it is 500 K s^(-1) to form a SDG. | 10.1016/j.actamat.2022.117630 | Ag5.5Au49Cu26.9Pd2.3Si16.3 | 4,000 | K/s | 3.60206 |
Phase evolution in Cu54Ni6Zr22Ti18 bulk metallic glass Nd:YAG laser weld. Δ t T m / T g of the weld metal (1kW–4ms single pulse) is about 56ms while that of a 2kW–10ms single pulse is about 131ms (corresponding effective cooling rates are 1.0×10^(4) and 4.3×10^(3) Ks^(-1)). The effective cooling rate is far faster than... | 10.1016/j.msea.2006.06.118 | Cu54Ni6Ti18Zr22 | 4,300 | K/s | 3.633468 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. These value are much lower than the other alloys. For example, the calculated critical cooling rates of Cu50Zr5Ti45 and Cu50Zr15Ti35 alloys are increased to 7.34×10^(5) K/s and 4.82×10^(3) K/s (Turnbull method), and 1.36×10^(4) K/s and... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu50Ti35Zr15 | 4,820 | K/s | 3.683047 |
Formation of ferromagnetic bulk amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloys. In general it is considered that the critical cooling rate R c for the glass formation of Fe40Ni40P14B6 is on the order of ∼10^(5) K s^(-1) [15]. In 1993 Diefenbach et al. [19] reported to prepare the amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy sphere with diameter of u... | 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.02.054 | B6Fe40Ni40P14 | 8,000 | K/s | 3.90309 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. It is seen that, the lowest critical cooling rate is 9.78×10^(3) K/s by Turnbull method, or 432K/s by TS method for Cu64Zr36 alloy. For Cu46Zr54, the calculated critical cooling rate is 5.41×10^(4) K/s (Turnbull method) or 1.14×10^(3) ... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu64Zr36 | 9,780 | K/s | 3.990339 |
Thermodynamics, kinetics, and crystallization of Pt57.3Cu14.6Ni5.3P22.8 bulk metallic glass. But with Pt57.3Cu14.6Ni5.3P22.8, the finding of a large ΔS f, and its correspondingly large ΔG l-x would not suggest good GFA. The driving force for crystallization of Pt57.3Cu14.6Ni5.3P22.8 is even larger than that of the bina... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.024 | Ni1Zr1 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Enthalpy relaxation and its relation to the thermodynamics and crystallization of the Zr58.5Cu15.6Ni12.8Al10.3Nb2.8 bulk metallic glass-forming alloy. The entropy of fusion and the critical cooling rate of V106a are 8.03J/g-atom/K and 1.75K/s, respectively, which are comparable to the values of about 8.8J/g-atom/K and ... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.09.040 | Ni38Zr62 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Abnormal devitrification behavior and mechanical response of cold-rolled Mg-rich Mg-Cu-Gd metallic glasses. Although it is well known that most Mg-based BMGs exhibit extreme brittleness, the ribbon sample of Mg-rich alloy compositions over 75 at.%% Mg can be folded 180°, and it is possible to apply severe plastic defor... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.026 | Cu5Gd10Mg85 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Abnormal devitrification behavior and mechanical response of cold-rolled Mg-rich Mg-Cu-Gd metallic glasses. Fig. 1 shows a map of D max with border line of BMG formation in Mg100-xCuxGd10 alloys (x = 5–30 at.%%). As shown in Fig. 1, with increasing Mg contents up to 85 at.%%, the D max gradually deceases down to 0.5 mm... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.026 | Cu15Gd10Mg85 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Thermodynamics and structural relaxation in Ce-based bulk metallic glass-forming liquids. The smaller the ΔG, the smaller the driving force of crystallization, and therefore the smaller nucleation and growth rate in the supercooled and the better glass-forming ability. This is consistent with the experimental results s... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.106 | Ni34Zr64 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Bulk metallic glasses. The Gibbs free-energy difference is compared with those of other typical eutectic, or close to eutectic, glass-forming systems. The alloys show different critical cooling rates between 1K/s for the vit1 and about 10^(4) K/s for the binary Zr62Ni38. | 10.1016/j.mser.2004.03.001 | Ni38Zr62 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Thermodynamics and kinetics of glassy and liquid phase-change materials. By extrapolating the heat capacity data down to T g , the authors calculated the difference in Gibbs free energy between liquid and crystal, ΔG l-x ~ 4 kJ mol^(-1), around its T g [13,16]. As a comparison, ΔG l - x is ~2 kJ mol^(-1) for Zr-based b... | 10.1016/j.mssp.2021.106094 | Ni38Zr62 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Thermodynamics and kinetics of Zr–Ti–Cu–Ni–Be bulk metallic glass forming liquids. In Fig. 6 , the Gibbs free enthalpy difference between the supercooled liquid and the crystalline mixture is compared with a selection of other eutectic, or close to eutectic, glass forming systems. The alloys show different critical coo... | 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01458-1 | Ni38Zr62 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Thermodynamics of La based La–Al–Cu–Ni–Co alloys studied by temperature modulated DSC. In Fig. 4 , the Gibbs free energy differences between the supercooled liquid and the crystalline mixture for La55Al25Ni25 and La55Al25Cu10Ni5Co5 alloys are compared with a selection of other eutectic, or close to eutectic, glass form... | 10.1016/S0966-9795(99)00159-4 | Ni38Zr62 | 10,000 | K/s | 4 |
Evaluation of glass formation and critical casting diameter in Al-based metallic glasses. As shown in Table 1, the values of R c for the typical Al-based metallic glasses are in the range of 10^(3) K/s to 10^(4) K/s, which is comparable to that ever estimated from experimental experience. As expected, the composition o... | 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.138 | Al87Ce4Ni9 | 10,200 | K/s | 4.0086 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. These value are much lower than the other alloys. For example, the calculated critical cooling rates of Cu50Zr5Ti45 and Cu50Zr15Ti35 alloys are increased to 7.34×10^(5) K/s and 4.82×10^(3) K/s (Turnbull method), and 1.36×10^(4) K/s and... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu50Ti45Zr5 | 13,600 | K/s | 4.133539 |
Glass formation and crystallisation in rapidly solidified zirconium alloys. Such diagrams were first developed in the context of metallic glasses by Uhlman [34] and subsequently used by Davies [35] to determine the value of the critical cooling rate to just avoid crystallization. Savalia et al. [11] have used this appr... | 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01554-9 | Fe16Ni8Zr76 | 16,666.66667 | K/s | 4.221849 |
On the high glass-forming ability of Pt-Cu-Ni/Co-P-based liquids. In contrast, the fit of Eq. (6) to the high and low temperature primary crystallization of Pt60Cu16Co2P22 (Fig. 4(b)) results in a τX ^(∗) of ∼0.008 s, which is almost 2.5 orders of magnitude lower than the estimated value (Eq. (10)). The critical coolin... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.09.013 | Co2Cu16P22Pt60 | 20,000 | K/s | 4.30103 |
Microstructural heterogeneities governing the deformation of Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 bulk metallic glass composites. In the case of homogeneous nucleation the nuclei would be expected to be distributed randomly in the melt, as would the crystals, which precipitate from them. A high critical cooling rate of 4×10^(4) Ks^(-1) has... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2009.07.042 | Cu56Zr44 | 40,000 | K/s | 4.60206 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. It is seen that, the lowest critical cooling rate is 9.78×10^(3) K/s by Turnbull method, or 432K/s by TS method for Cu64Zr36 alloy. For Cu46Zr54, the calculated critical cooling rate is 5.41×10^(4) K/s (Turnbull method) or 1.14×10^(3) ... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu46Zr54 | 54,100 | K/s | 4.733197 |
Formation of ferromagnetic bulk amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloys. In general it is considered that the critical cooling rate R c for the glass formation of Fe40Ni40P14B6 is on the order of ∼10^(5) K s^(-1) [15]. In 1993 Diefenbach et al. [19] reported to prepare the amorphous Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy sphere with diameter of u... | 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.02.054 | B6Fe40Ni40P14 | 100,000 | K/s | 5 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in Cu–Zr binary and Cu–Zr–Ti ternary alloys. These value are much lower than the other alloys. For example, the calculated critical cooling rates of Cu50Zr5Ti45 and Cu50Zr15Ti35 alloys are increased to 7.34×10^(5) K/s and 4.82×10^(3) K/s (Turnbull method), and 1.36×10^(4) K/s and... | 10.1016/j.intermet.2007.07.008 | Cu50Ti45Zr5 | 734,000 | K/s | 5.865696 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in a Fe-25%B binary amorphous alloy based on phase-field method. The activation energy E had litter influence on the nose temperature and time for the TTT curves. Under the different thermal activation energy Q 1, Q 2 and Q 3, for the nucleation rates P, the temperature and time ... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.03.043 | B25Fe75 | 735,000 | K/s | 5.866287 |
Metallic glass coating on metals plate by adjusted explosive welding technique. The high magnification temperature contour of the weldment near the typical collision point is also shown in the insert. From the temperature history curve, we can find that the increasing rate of temperature is about 10^(9) K/s, and the de... | 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.07.033 | B6Fe40Ni40P14 | 1,000,000 | K/s | 6 |
Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys. The similar elements can also significantly improve the GFA of the metallic alloys, which is mainly associated with the high-entropy effects. An example is that the binary LaCu alloy only has limited GFA and can only form glass at a very high cooling rate by melt s... | 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2013.10.001 | Cu1La1 | 1,000,000 | K/s | 6 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in a Fe-25%B binary amorphous alloy based on phase-field method. The activation energy E had litter influence on the nose temperature and time for the TTT curves. Under the different thermal activation energy Q 1, Q 2 and Q 3, for the nucleation rates P, the temperature and time ... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.03.043 | B25Fe75 | 1,570,000 | K/s | 6.1959 |
Prediction of the glass forming ability in a Fe-25%B binary amorphous alloy based on phase-field method. The activation energy E had litter influence on the nose temperature and time for the TTT curves. Under the different thermal activation energy Q 1, Q 2 and Q 3, for the nucleation rates P, the temperature and time ... | 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.03.043 | B25Fe75 | 1,930,000 | K/s | 6.285557 |
Improvement of hardness in Ti-stabilized austenitic stainless steel. Assuming T l = 1371˚C [2], γ is found to be ∼ 0.34 . They have also shown that, for some typical non-BMG systems, γ values in the order of 0.335 corresponds to very high critical cooling rates - reaching as high as 10^(7) ˚C.s>^(-1) for some alloys su... | 10.1016/j.matdes.2022.111242 | B35Zr65 | 10,000,000 | K/s | 7 |
A kinetic transition from peritectic crystallization to amorphous solidification of rapidly quenched refractory Nb-Ni alloy. The TTT curves also show that at small undercooling and low cooling rate, the primary (Nb) phase will preferentially nucleate; conversely, as the undercooling and cooling rate increases, the peri... | 10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118127 | Nb54Ni46 | 17,100,000 | K/s | 7.232996 |
Thermodynamics and kinetics of glassy and liquid phase-change materials. Yamada et al. [25] showed that the duration is 40 ns with a laser power 8 mW and is reduced to about half of it with higher laser powers due to an increase in temperature. Thus, τ x * is taken as the shortest duration about 20 ns for Ge1Sb2Te4, co... | 10.1016/j.mssp.2021.106094 | Ge1Sb2Te4 | 10,000,000,000 | K/s | 10 |
Elastic and structural properties of Mg25Al75 binary metallic glass under different cooling conditions. Using MD methods, Qi et al. [38] studied the atomic structure of PdNi using various cooling rates (10^(11) K/s, 5 × 10^(11) K/s, 6 × 10^(11) K/s and 10^(13) K/s) and observed that the retention of the amorphous struc... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161979 | Ni3Pd1 | 600,000,000,000 | K/s | 11.778151 |
Elastic and structural properties of Mg25Al75 binary metallic glass under different cooling conditions. We have also found that using low and high quenching rates, the values of the elastic properties (Young and shear modulus) are no affected and almost conserved during all annealing times. Finally, from all these resu... | 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161979 | Al75Mg25 | 1,000,000,000,000 | K/s | 12 |
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