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HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT TIPS PAPER 1 2 KCSE REVISION 1 IMPORTANT TIPS ON PREPARING LEARNERS TO DO WELL IN HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT. History is one of the best and interesting subjects to ever imagine of because it cuts across time, humanity, medicine, art, agriculture, politics and education; History is based on facts and... |
The following tips will help History AND Government students to excel in history and government 1. DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PAPER 1 AND PAPER 2 History students should be sensitized early enough to distinguish between paper 1 and 2 topics. PAPER 1-The history of Kenya PAPER 2-Themes in world 311 1 PAPER ONE 311 2 PAPER TWO ... |
-Britain -USA -India When answering questions for paper 2, never mention anything Kenyan. Learners should make good and summarized notes from KLB and Oxford history and government students course books, using their own language, given leading topical questions by the history teacher. 2. TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONS a Cover pa... |
Learners should make good and summarized notes from KLB and Oxford history and government students course books, using their own language, given leading topical questions by the history teacher. 2. TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONS a Cover page instructions-This enables candidates to know the number of sections in a paper and numb... |
2. TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONS a Cover page instructions-This enables candidates to know the number of sections in a paper and number of questions to be answered fro, each section e.g Section A has 17 questions N B-QUIZ 1 IN PAPER 1 AND 2 ALWAYS TEST ON TOPIC 1-FORM 1 WORK For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit ht... |
TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONS a Cover page instructions-This enables candidates to know the number of sections in a paper and number of questions to be answered fro, each section e.g Section A has 17 questions N B-QUIZ 1 IN PAPER 1 AND 2 ALWAYS TEST ON TOPIC 1-FORM 1 WORK For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https... |
TYPES OF QUESTIONS 1. Main only questions-the answer to this question is only one e.g the main reason for the formation of KAU For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT TIPS PAPER 1 2 KCSE REVISION 6 Never write more than one response, you will get a zero. 3. Question... |
In such a question, the answers should be suggestive but not based on the past or the present tense 6. LEARNERS SHOULD PLAN THEIR WORK DURING EXAMS. A They should read through the questions especially in sec B and C in order to select questions they can answer best and present tidy work without cancelling after realizi... |
It led to the growth or urban centres e.g Mombasa-in such case the whole answer becomes wrong because the word Mombasa. 10. Candidates should be encouraged to have order at all the time e.g numbering their questions correctly e.g 18a,18b, In section B and C, the answers to the part b questions e.g 18 b should be contin... |
19.Numbering your answers is accepted 20.Pray for the work done and work yet to be done and have faith in god you will make it. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke. |
SIMPLIFIED HISTORY GOVERNMENT FORM ONE New Syllabus. Ii CONTENTS. Chapter 1: Introduction to history and government The meaning of history and government Sources of history and government Importance of studying history and government Review Questions Chapter 2: The Early Man Origin of man and his evolution Uses of earl... |
It was in these formal schools that history was introduced as a discipline. Since then history has been taught in schools and colleges. History has helped in shaping the people of East Africa intellectually. The meaning of History The term History comes from a Greek word Historia which implies to enquire, to search or ... |
E All historical events must have evidence for them to qualify to be true. The meaning of government It means the exercise of authority over a political or social unit. It may also imply the practice of ruling or exercising continuous authority over one s subjects. Any government must have: Sets of laws or rules to gov... |
Ii It is time consuming especially when one uses the method to locate archaeological sites. Iii Weather can affect fossils, for example fossils may decay or change their form. Iv It is difficult to locate archaeological sites. V Sometimes people who use this method obtain inaccurate information. Vi The archaeological m... |
It has also helped historians to classify and group the people of East Africa and also to learn about their past relations and interactions as well as the common aspects of their social, political and economic organisations. Use of linguistics as a method of reconstructing the past may have the following limitations: i... |
For example one may be an experienced Botanist. The method may not also be used to extract information from all aspects of man s activities. It is not easy to obtain very accurate information when using genetics. 6 In conclusion, out of all the above sources of information on history, written sources are the most relia... |
People study government to be able to understand and appreciate its system and the way it works. It enhances people to be aware of their rights and responsibilities and to understand the duties of leaders and their subjects and also how various societies have been administered over the years. The study of government en... |
For example the Kikuyu myth of origin says that Ngai God created Gikuyu the first man and then provided him with a wife they called Mumbi. The evolution of man and the stages of his evolution. Evolution is the process of gradual change. Many years ago man began to develop from ape-like creatures. At first he walked on ... |
- They had grinding teeth - Their bodies were hairy - They were short - They had low forehead and deep set eyes. -. They had a small brain capacity which was a third of that of modern man. -. They walked in upright posture. -. They relied on fingers to acquire food. -. They ate flesh and fruits. -. They made and used s... |
Viii He hunted and gathered. Ix Home erectus existed during the middle stone age period. 12Rhodesian man His skull was escavated in Zambia, formerly known as Northern Rhodesia. He was closer to the modern man than Homo erectus. The following were his physical and cultural features: i He walked with long strides. Ii He ... |
B He cultivated. C He buried the dead. D He settled in villages. E He began fishing by use of bone harpoons. F He developed government. G He started religion. H He began simple industry which made beads out of seeds, bones and egg shells and also pottery, basketry and painting. I He made better clothes from skins by kn... |
Stratigraphy - It is used to date fossils lying between layers of sedimentary rocks. Some notable archaeologists in E. Africa who used some of these methods to date fossils were Dr. Leakey, Dr. Freeman, Dr. Posnansky, Mr. Chittick, and Mr. Kirkman. Why early man made tools and weapons - For defence against other wild a... |
He discovered fire and lit it on the doors of caves to scare away wild animals. Man also began making and wearing clothes made of skins. He also began cooking food and roasting meat and roots. Early man started trapping animals using pits and painting pictures of animals he hunted on the walls of caves. His language de... |
Man began fishing using harpoons. He made better shelter such as houses made of mud and thatch. He then domesticated animals such as cats, dogs, sheep, cows, goats and chicken and finally, he began cultivating and this was the beginning of farming. 19The changes early man experienced during his evolution. The changes f... |
C Fertile soils silt which were deposited along riverbanks. D Establishment of permanent settlements. E Invention of writing which enabled farmers to keep records. The impact of the development of the early agriculture in Mesopotamia Early agriculture in Mesopotamia led to specialisation on other activities such as pot... |
Iii Subsistence farming peasant farming the crops grown were for human consumption and not for sale. Iv Broadcasting scattering of seeds v Strip system or open field system farmland was split into small plots called strips. Vi Inter cropping a number of different crops were planted on the same plot at the same time. Vi... |
V The fallow system of farming was discouraged. Vi The poor sold their land to the rich and they were left with no farmland. 25The effects of Agrarian Revolution in Britain 1. Food production increased due to the enclosure system, better farming methods and use of machines and this gave rise to a rapid increase in popu... |
At first they relied on food from Britain. Iii A large number of enterprising Europeans settled in U.S.A. and tried to make a living through agriculture. Iv Availability of indigenous crops like yams and beans contributed to the development of agriculture in U.S.A. v Rivers in U.S.A. such as river Colorado, Sacramento ... |
- The cotton gin was invented in 1793 by Eli Whitney. This led to increase in cotton production especially in southern USA because it separated seeds from fibre, made threads and weaved cloth. -. Improved transport and communication led to increase in crop production because the produce reached the market in time. -. T... |
Agrarian Revolution in USA encouraged scientific inventions and discoveries such as the invention of the steel plough and the refrigeration facilities. It encouraged many Europeans to come and settle in USA because land was getting scarce in Europe and many Europeans were becoming landless. Food Situation in Africa and... |
10. Natural calamities such as locust and army worm invasion, hailstones and also wild animals such as monkeys reduce yields. 11. Land tenure system affect food production especially where a few people are land owners and yet they don t make it into full use. 12. The high rate of poverty in many countries make people t... |
The African, Asian and South America leaders as well as the international community members are encouraging political stability in order to encourage investment in agriculture and increase in agricultural yields. Finally, transport and communication is being improved through establishment of rural access roads to enabl... |
Communities of Kenya. 35Classification of Kenya communities. A Bantu The term Bantus refers to people who speak related languages. These people call Man Mtu and their origin is Zaire formerly known as Congo . From their original homeland, they migrated slowly eastwards until they reached and settled in Kenya. The Bantu... |
36c Cushites The Cushites entered Kenya from the North Eastern direction. They were coming from the horn of Africa which was their original homeland. The Cushites may be split into two categories: i The Eastern Cushites This category includes the Oromo, Somali, Rendile, Gabbra, Shangilla and Burji. Ii The Southern Cush... |
- Due to drought and famine. -. Due to internal or civil wars. -. Due to external attacks - Due to love for adventure - Due to need to look for pastures for their animals. -. Due to over population - Due to the need to look for cultivable land by communities who farmed. -. Due to family and clan quarrels. The effects o... |
2. Describe the migration of the: a Cushites b Bantu c Nilotes 3. Identify the impact of the migrations of the following: a Bantu b Nilotes c Cushites 4. Describe the effects of the interactions of the Agikuyu and the people they came into contact with during migration. 5. Describe the course and effects of the migrati... |
Finally they paid dowry in form of cattle, sheep and goats. Economic Organisation The Agikuyu grew crops such as millet, sorghum, arrow roots and yams. They traded with their neighbours such as the Maasai and the Akamba. They smelted iron for making hoes and axes and also weaved and practiced basketry as well as potter... |
The Ameru grew crops such as millet and sorghum. They kept livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats and they hunted wild animals and gathered roots and fruits. Some Ameru traded with their neighbours such as the Akamba, Mbere and Embu. They were engaged in traditional industries such as pottery, basketry, weaving, clo... |
They smelted iron and made spears, arrow-heads, hoes, knives, cattle bells and jingles. The Akamba were efficient beekeepers and they harvested a lot of honey. They were engaged in traditional industries where they manufactured pots, baskets, mats, stools and shields. Those who lived close to river Tana did some fishin... |
They had warriors who defended their territory from the enemies. The social, economic and political organisation of the Mijikenda in the 19th Century. Social organisation. The social organisation of the Mijikenda was based on the clan. They practiced the age-set system. Initiation of boys took place after every five ye... |
Finally, the Luo conducted other ceremonies and celebrations such as burial ceremonies, naming, beer drinking and wrestling. Economic organisation The Luo cultivated crops such as beans, sweet potatoes, peas, millet, groundnuts and sorghum. They hunted wild animals and collected fruits, vegetables and roots. The Luo bu... |
The Somali later got converted into Islam through interaction with the Muslim immigrants. From the time they adopted Islam, they embraced Muslim culture. The Somali were socially organised into clans made up of related families. They conducted initiation of boys and then grouped them into agesets. Economic organisation... |
Political organisation The Boran like other Cushites were organised into clans and each of the clans was made up of related families. They had councils of elders who headed clans and presided over assemblies as well as acting as ritual experts. The council of elders settled disputes, maintained law and order and their ... |
The commodities the people of East Africa obtain from the outside world e.g. from India, China, Arabia, Egypt were Spices, Cowrie shells, Drugs, Swords daggers, Salt, Porcelain cups and bowls , Glassware, Rugs and carpets, Beads, Cloth, Sugar and Mats. The Indian Ocean trade up to 1500 AD51The evidence which may clarif... |
The trade developed also due to establishment of strong trade links between East Africa and Asia. How the trade between the East African coast and the outside world was organised before 1500. The coastal Arab and Swahilis obtained trade commodities from the interior communities such as the Akamba, Baganda, Yao and the ... |
It led to the spread of Kiswahili language. By 1500 it had become the main language of the coast. New crops were introduced for instance rice and coconut. It stimulated commercial activities between different communities in the interior for example trade between the Akamba and the Mijikenda also trade between the Bagan... |
There was a lot of suffering by those children and women whose families were broken. Slave trade settlements were established at Bagamoyo and Frere town near Mombasa. Some communities which depended on slave trade expanded. Such communities were the Nyamwezi and the Yao in Tanzania. It encouraged development of trade m... |
Vi To prevent the Turks and the Egyptians from acquiring support from the East coast in case of war with the Portuguese. Vii The East coast of Africa provided natural harbours where Portuguese ships could easily anchor before proceeding to India. Viii The climate of the East coast of Africa was conducive to the Portugu... |
The reasons for his success were as follows: a The city states which resisted were severely punished so as to discourage others from resisting. B The Wazimba who were cannibals they ate people assisted the Portuguese to conquer the Arabs so that they could feed on their flesh. C The Portuguese frequently organised and ... |
Fort Jesus. The impact of the Portuguese administration on the coast of East Africa Positive impact a The Portuguese introduced new crops such as sweet potatoes, ground nuts, cassava, maize, paw paws and pineapples. B The Portuguese built Fort Jesus which is today used as a museum. C The Portuguese introduced the use o... |
The Oman Arabs settled along the East African coast and began developing grain plantations around Malindi and Takaungu and also coconut plantations around Mombasa. Slave labour was used to work in the plantations. This practice therefore became the major cause of increased slave trade in East Africa in the 19th century... |
Vii Zanzibar had supported the efforts of Seyyid Said to control the East African coast. The impact of the Oman rule on the East African coast a Establishment of the Oman rule led to the establishment of clove plantations in Zanzibar and Pemba. B It led to the development of slave trade at the coast because slaves were... |
The main commodities of trade obtained in the interior of East Africa in the 19th century were ivory and slaves which were in great demand at the coast. These were exchanged with cloth, beads, glassware utensils, ironware and carpets. The Arab and Swahili traders were at first waiting for trade goods to be supplied to ... |
Traders moved into the interior as far as Lake Baringo and Samburu. There were resting places between Ukambani and the Coast such as Mariakani. At first the Akamba acted as middlemen between the coastal traders and the people of interior. Later the coastal traders such as Arabs and Swahilis began penetrating into the i... |
G The interior was opened for trade with the coastal Arabs and Swahilis. H The traders developed good communication between the interior and the coast. I It enabled Islam and Swahili culture to penetrate into the interior through Kamba converts. J New crops such as mangoes, rice and bananas were introduced into the int... |
D The people of East Africa developed a taste of imported goods such as guns, cloth and ironware. E The trade led to the growth of urban centres. F East African coast was exposed to the outside world. The Spread of Christianity in East Africa. The Portuguese were the first foreigners to attempt to spread Christianity i... |
He gave them letters which introduced them to the governors of the coastal towns. B Some African traditional rulers such as Nabongo Mumia of Wanga in western Kenya, Kabaka Mutesa of Buganda and Mirambo of Nyamwezi were friendly to the missionaries. C The establishment of many mission Schools and Churches helped in winn... |
They provided modern medical services by establishing hospitals and dispensaries. Missionaries advocated for the abolition of slave trade and slavery and they established freed slave settlement and used freed slaves to spread Christianity. Missionaries spread Christianity and made many converts. They translated the Bib... |
E He satisfies the minister that he intends, if naturalised, to continue living in Kenya. F He has been lawfully and ordinarily living in Kenya for a period totalling to 4 years in the previous 8 years including the 12 months preceding his application. G He applies in the manner prescribed by parliament and the ministe... |
Kenyans should therefore allow fellow Kenyans to move freely without interference. There are legally prohibited areas where one is not allowed to trespass for example private homes and state house. Freedom of speech One is free to say anything so long as it does not interfere with other people's freedoms or go against ... |
In this case one is entitled the right to think and worship. D An individual is guaranteed freedom of association or assembly. Individuals therefore are free to assemble and associate with people of their own choice without harassment. E An individual is guaranteed the right to worship and join a religion of his choice... |
NATIONAL INTEGRATION. The meaning of National integration meaning and importance. National integration is the process of uniting all the people of Kenya irrespective of their cultures, occupations, religions, races and ethnic groups into one solid and responsible nation. National integration is important because: i It ... |
Forming national and international organisations aimed at promoting peace and harmony in the world or between nations and also between various people in a nation. The process of resolving conflicts First identify the type of conflict in question. Secondly isolate the people or parties involved in the conflict. Then cro... |
Various levels of conflict i. Interstate conflict: In this case a disagreement may arise between two countries. The causes of this may be boundary disputes, hatred between two heads of state, people of one country raiding people of the neighbouring country to capture or steal livestock, ideological differences and abus... |
In 1905, Germany announced her support for Moroccan independence. War was narrowly avoided by a conference which allowed France to retain possession of Morocco. However, in 1911, the Germans were again protesting against French possession of Morocco. Britain supported France and Germany was persuaded to back down for p... |
The Agadir Crisis of 1911 the Second Moroccan Crisis. The Agadir Crisis occurred in 1911 just four years after the First Moroccan Crisis. Germany s attention was diverted after the 1905-06 crises by other issues, mainly building up her navy so that it rivaled the Royal Navy. As a result France spent five years having f... |
When it was learned that the Heir-Apparent to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, was scheduled to visit Sarajevo in June of 1914, the Black Hand decided to assassinate him. Three young Bosnians were recruited, trained and equipped: Gavrilo Princip, Nedjelko Cabrinovic and Trifko Grabez. The murders of Franz Ferdinan... |
Early on July 31, Russia began a full mobilization of its forces in preparation for war with Austria-Hungary. On August 1, Germany declared war on Russia and German troops began moving into Luxembourg in preparation for invading Belgium and France. On August 2, Germany contacted the Belgian government requesting free p... |
At the battle of the Somme in 1916 60,000 British men died in a single day. It was one of the bloodiest days in the history of the British army. Seeking to shatter the Anglo-French lines, the German Chief of Staff, Erich von Falkenhayn, began planning a massive assault on the French city of Verdun. The Battle of Verdun... |
This derailed their war plans. B Her naval supremacy enabled the allies to capture colonies of the central powers. C The sea blockade enabled the allies to maintain uninterrupted communication with other allied forces, as well as safeguard the british food and raw material supplies from other parts of the world. Key no... |
Other reasons why USA entered the war on the side of the Allies were; a America was concerned with safeguarding her trade with Britain. US Anglo relationship was strong . USA was fully aware that the a defeat of Allied powers would cost her financial and industrial institutions b The USA and British intelligence were a... |
The industrial might of USA and her economic wealth helped the Allies to force the central powers to their knees. D The Allies had able and focussed political leaders like Lloyd George-the British Premier and Georges Clemenceau, the French Premier. E Germans axis powers made serious technical mistakes like invasion of ... |
The need to establish a League of Nations which would provide an avenue forKey notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 Page 9 discussing all international problems, protect small states from aggression by large ones. In January 1919, statesmen from the 27 Allied powers converged at Paris, France to determ... |
G h By the treaty of Versailles, Germany lost the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to France. I The treaty established the League of Nation. Failures of the treaty of Versailles. A The treaty handed Germany a heavy punishment as if she was the only one to blame for World War 1. This provoked deep resentment and bittern... |
H It led to the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia as radicals took over government there. I It led to a change of government in Britain. J There was greater use of motor vehicles and aircraft, which facilitated transport. K The art of surgery improved. L Between 1914 and 1918, European factories were destroyed and... |
Non permanent members were four, elected by the general assembly. The main role of the council which sat in Geneva was to appoint committees and secretary General with the approval of the majority of the Assembly. It also dealt with disputes amongst member states, reduction of armament, execution of arbitral awards and... |
B The League of Nations achieved its objective of treating the minority with humane. The International Office for Refugees, for example, assisted refugees. Victims of the Nazi persecutions were also assisted. C The league assisted in the administration of the trust territories, through the Mandates Commission. E.g. in ... |
Factors that undermined the effectiveness of the League of Nations. A Member countries were not willing to take disputes to the international court of justice. B German was still determined to increase its military strength and continue with its aggression policy. C Individual nations were more pre-occupied with nation... |
Italy under Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, in 1939 to regain her lost glory and national pride after the Adowa defeat I 1896. Syria rose up against France. C Political developments in Europe. Key notes for the teacher and students- Cheloti 2012-2013 Page 14 In Italy in 1922, the fascist government under Benito Mussolini c... |
This happened in September 1939 was the immediate cause of the war. This upset Britain and France, who stated their intensions of assisting Poland. They declared war on Germany in October 1939. COURSE OF WORLD WAR 2 The invasion of Poland by German forces on 1st of September 1939 and the subsequent declaration of war a... |
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