Improve dataset card: Add comprehensive metadata, paper/code links, detailed overview, key findings, methodology, results, installation, and sample usage
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by
nielsr
HF Staff
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README.md
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license:
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dataset_info:
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features:
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https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent
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The dataset includes:
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We will provide our paper soon!
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license: cc-by-4.0
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task_categories:
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- text-classification
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- text-generation
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language:
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- en
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tags:
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- sentiment-analysis
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- education
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- generative-ai
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- app-reviews
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dataset_info:
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features:
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- name: app_name
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---
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<div align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent/raw/main/Figures/logo.png" alt="GenAI-EdSent Logo" width="350"/>
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# 🎓 GenAI-EdSent: Sentiment-Driven Evaluation of AI Educational Apps
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[](https://www.python.org/downloads/)
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[](https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent/blob/main/LICENSE)
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[](https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.11934)
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[](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Erfan-Nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent)
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[](https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent)
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*Unveiling User Perceptions in the Generative AI Era Through Large-Scale Sentiment Analysis*
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</div>
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---
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## 📖 Overview
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The integration of **Generative AI** into education has sparked a digital transformation in e-teaching, yet user perceptions of AI educational apps remain critically underexplored. This research project bridges that gap through a comprehensive **sentiment-driven evaluation** of user reviews from top AI educational apps on the Google Play Store.
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This dataset accompanies the paper [Unveiling User Perceptions in the Generative AI Era: A Sentiment-Driven Evaluation of AI Educational Apps' Role in Digital Transformation of E-Teaching](https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.11934).
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Code: [https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent](https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent)
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### 🎯 Research Objectives
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1. **Quantify sentiment distributions** and distill key positive/negative themes across app categories
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2. **Compare performance trends** among different app types (homework helpers, math solvers, LMS, etc.)
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3. **Propose future directions** for AI educational ecosystems with hybrid AI-human models
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### 📄 Associated Paper
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**Title:** *Unveiling User Perceptions in the Generative AI Era: A Sentiment-Driven Evaluation of AI Educational Apps' Role in Digital Transformation of E-Teaching*
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**Authors:** Adeleh Mazaheriyan (Islamic Azad University) & Erfan Nourbakhsh (University of Isfahan)
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**Abstract:** This study performs a sentiment-driven evaluation of user reviews from 22 top AI ed-apps on the Google Play Store to assess efficacy, challenges, and pedagogical implications. Our pipeline leverages **RoBERTa** for binary sentiment classification, **GPT-4o** for key point extraction, and **GPT-5** for synthesizing top positive/negative themes. Results reveal predominantly positive sentiments, with homework apps leading (e.g., Edu AI: 95.9% positive) while specialized LMS/language apps lag due to stability issues.
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---
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## 📊 Research at a Glance
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<div align="center">
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| 📱 Apps Analyzed | 💬 Reviews Processed | 🤖 AI Models Used | 📚 Categories |
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|:----------------:|:-------------------:|:----------------:|:-------------:|
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| **22** | **481,000+** | **3** (RoBERTa, GPT-4o, GPT-5) | **7** |
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</div>
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<div align="center">
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### 🔥 Quick Stats
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🎯 **96.0%** positive sentiment for top performer (Edu AI)
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⚡ **481K** training reviews • **481K** validation samples
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📈 **4.43M** total ratings across all apps
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🏆 **85%** average positive sentiment for homework helpers
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⚠️ **21.8%** positive sentiment for lowest performer (Teacher AI)
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</div>
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---
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## 🔍 Key Findings
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### 📊 Sentiment Distribution Highlights
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- **Homework Helpers** dominate with ~85% positive sentiment
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- 🥇 **Edu AI**: 96.0% positive (accuracy, speed, personalization)
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- 🥈 **Answer.AI**: 92.7% positive (24/7 tutoring, step-by-step explanations)
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- **Math-Focused Solvers** show strong performance (~80% positive)
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- Users praise problem-solving efficiency and photo recognition
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- **Language/LMS Apps** lag behind (20-40% positive)
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- ⚠️ **Teacher AI**: 21.8% positive (instability, limited features)
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- Issues: crashes, paywalls, feature gaps
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### 🌟 Top Positive Themes
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1. ⚡ **Efficiency & Speed** - Quick solutions for homework and brainstorming
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2. 🎯 **Personalized Learning** - Step-by-step explanations tailored to student needs
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3. 🎮 **Engagement** - Gamification and community features boost motivation
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4. 🌍 **Accessibility** - Democratizing education for under-resourced areas
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5. 🤝 **Multi-Subject Support** - Versatile tools across STEM and humanities
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### ⚠️ Top Negative Themes
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1. 💰 **Aggressive Monetization** - Restrictive paywalls limiting free features
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2. ❌ **Inaccuracies** - Wrong answers eroding trust, especially in specialized domains
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3. 📺 **Excessive Ads** - Disrupting learning flow
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4. 🐛 **Technical Glitches** - Crashes, slow loading, notation failures
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5. ⚖️ **Equity Concerns** - Digital divide and over-reliance risks
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---
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## 🛠️ Methodology
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Our systematic pipeline combines **web scraping**, **transformer-based NLP**, and **large language models** to analyze authentic user feedback at scale.
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<div align="center">
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*Figure 1: Multi-stage workflow from data collection to theme synthesis*
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</div>
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### 🔄 Pipeline Stages
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#### 1️⃣ **App Selection & Categorization**
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- Selected **22 prominent AI education apps** based on ratings, downloads, and GenAI integration
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- Categorized into **7 functional types** with overlaps for multifunctional designs:
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- 📝 AI Quiz & Question Generators
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- 🎒 All-in-One Study Companions
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- ✏️ Homework Helpers
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- 🔢 Math-Focused Solvers & Specialized Tools
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- 📄 Document/Content Tools
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- 🏫 Learning Management Systems (LMS)
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- 🌐 Language Learning Apps
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#### 2️⃣ **Data Collection**
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- **Web scraping** from Google Play Store using Python
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- Collected app metadata + verbatim user reviews (up to November 2025)
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- Dataset: **Tens of thousands to millions** of reviews per app
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#### 3️⃣ **Sentiment Analysis & Theme Extraction**
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| Stage | Model | Purpose |
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|-------|-------|---------|
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| **Binary Classification** | [RoBERTa](https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.11692) | Transformer-based sentiment labeling (positive/negative) |
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| **Key Point Extraction** | [GPT-4o](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.21276) | Distill recurring themes and pain points |
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| **Theme Synthesis** | GPT-5 | Generate top 5 positive/negative summaries |
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| 354 |
+
|
| 355 |
+
#### 4️⃣ **Aggregation & Trend Analysis**
|
| 356 |
+
- Computed sentiment percentages per app and category
|
| 357 |
+
- Enabled cross-app performance comparisons
|
| 358 |
+
|
| 359 |
+
---
|
| 360 |
+
|
| 361 |
+
## 📈 Results
|
| 362 |
+
|
| 363 |
+
<div align="center">
|
| 364 |
+
|
| 365 |
+

|
| 366 |
+
*Figure 2: Positive vs. negative sentiment percentages across 22 AI educational apps*
|
| 367 |
+
|
| 368 |
+
</div>
|
| 369 |
+
|
| 370 |
+
### 🏆 Top Performers
|
| 371 |
+
|
| 372 |
+
| Rank | App | Category | Positive % |
|
| 373 |
+
|------|-----|----------|-----------|
|
| 374 |
+
| 1 | Edu AI | Homework Helper | **96.0%** |
|
| 375 |
+
| 2 | Answer.AI | Multi-Tool | **92.7%** |
|
| 376 |
+
| 3 | Question.AI | Chatbot/Math | **87.9%** |
|
| 377 |
+
| 4 | Homework AI | Math/Essay | **85.6%** |
|
| 378 |
+
| 5 | Help AI | Homework Helper | **85.2%** |
|
| 379 |
+
|
| 380 |
+
### ⚠️ Areas for Improvement
|
| 381 |
+
|
| 382 |
+
| Rank | App | Category | Positive % | Key Issues |
|
| 383 |
+
|------|-----|----------|-----------|------------|
|
| 384 |
+
| 22 | Teacher AI | Language | **21.8%** | Instability, limited features |
|
| 385 |
+
| 21 | Tutor AI | Learning Assistant | **41.7%** | Narrow functionality |
|
| 386 |
+
| 20 | Blackboard | LMS | **53.3%** | Technical glitches |
|
| 387 |
+
|
| 388 |
+
### 📊 Category-Level Insights
|
| 389 |
+
|
| 390 |
+
- **Homework Helpers**: Average 85% positive → Strong personalization and speed
|
| 391 |
+
- **Math Solvers**: Average 80% positive → Photo recognition praised, notation failures criticized
|
| 392 |
+
- **LMS/Language Apps**: Average 35% positive → Urgent need for stability improvements
|
| 393 |
+
|
| 394 |
+
---
|
| 395 |
+
|
| 396 |
+
## 💡 Future Directions
|
| 397 |
+
|
| 398 |
+
### 🔮 Proposed Innovations
|
| 399 |
+
|
| 400 |
+
1. **Hybrid AI-Human Models** 🤝
|
| 401 |
+
- Combine app strengths (real-time assistance) with teacher oversight
|
| 402 |
+
- Mitigate risks like inaccuracies and over-dependency
|
| 403 |
+
|
| 404 |
+
2. **VR/AR Integration** 🥽
|
| 405 |
+
- Immersive learning experiences (virtual labs, interactive simulations)
|
| 406 |
+
- Address gaps in engagement and multimodal inputs
|
| 407 |
+
|
| 408 |
+
3. **Ethical AI Roadmap** ⚖️
|
| 409 |
+
- **For Developers**: Adaptive personalization, plagiarism detection, equitable monetization
|
| 410 |
+
- **For Policymakers**: Mandated free tiers, accuracy standards, data privacy protections
|
| 411 |
+
|
| 412 |
+
---
|
| 413 |
+
|
| 414 |
+
## 📊 Dataset
|
| 415 |
+
|
| 416 |
+
The full dataset containing **481,000+ app reviews** from 22 AI educational apps is publicly available on Hugging Face:
|
| 417 |
+
|
| 418 |
+
**🔗 [GenAI-EdSent Dataset on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Erfan-Nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent)**
|
| 419 |
|
| 420 |
The dataset includes:
|
| 421 |
+
- **App Information**: Metadata for all 22 applications (ratings, descriptions, install counts)
|
| 422 |
+
- **User Reviews**: Complete review texts with scores, timestamps, and sentiment labels
|
| 423 |
+
- **Sentiment Analysis Results**: Binary classification outputs from RoBERTa
|
| 424 |
+
- **Extracted Insights**: Key positive/negative themes per application
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
### 📁 Repository Data Files
|
| 427 |
+
|
| 428 |
+
This repository includes curated analysis outputs:
|
| 429 |
+
|
| 430 |
+
#### 1. **App_Ratings.json** - Application Metadata
|
| 431 |
+
|
| 432 |
+
Contains Google Play Store ratings and summaries for all 22 apps:
|
| 433 |
+
|
| 434 |
+
<details>
|
| 435 |
+
<summary>📋 View Sample Data</summary>
|
| 436 |
|
| 437 |
+
```json
|
| 438 |
+
{
|
| 439 |
+
"name": "Edu AI - AI Homework Helper",
|
| 440 |
+
"summary": "AI Homework Helper - Math, Physics, Chemical, etc.",
|
| 441 |
+
"app_score": 4.55
|
| 442 |
+
},
|
| 443 |
+
{
|
| 444 |
+
"name": "Answer.AI - Your AI tutor",
|
| 445 |
+
"summary": "Scan and Get Instant Answers on Your Phone",
|
| 446 |
+
"app_score": 4.73
|
| 447 |
+
}
|
| 448 |
+
```
|
| 449 |
|
| 450 |
+
**Top Rated Apps:**
|
| 451 |
+
- 🥇 Studocu: 4.86/5 ⭐
|
| 452 |
+
- 🥈 Gauth: 4.77/5 ⭐
|
| 453 |
+
- 🥉 Kahoot!: 4.74/5 ⭐
|
| 454 |
|
| 455 |
+
**Lowest Rated Apps:**
|
| 456 |
+
- ⚠️ Teacher AI: 2.29/5 ⭐
|
| 457 |
+
- ⚠️ Blackboard: 3.39/5 ⭐
|
| 458 |
+
- ⚠️ Tutor AI: 3.40/5 ⭐
|
| 459 |
|
| 460 |
+
</details>
|
| 461 |
+
|
| 462 |
+
#### 2. **Top_5_Points.json** - Sentiment Themes Per App
|
| 463 |
+
|
| 464 |
+
Contains the top 5 positive and negative points extracted for each application using GPT-4o and GPT-5:
|
| 465 |
+
|
| 466 |
+
<details>
|
| 467 |
+
<summary>📋 View Sample Analysis (Edu AI)</summary>
|
| 468 |
+
|
| 469 |
+
**Positive Points:**
|
| 470 |
+
1. ✅ The app enables users to complete homework tasks effectively
|
| 471 |
+
2. ✅ The app delivers perfect-quality assignment outputs that meet high standards
|
| 472 |
+
|
| 473 |
+
**Negative Points:**
|
| 474 |
+
1. ❌ The app returns answers in Spanish instead of matching the user's preferred language
|
| 475 |
+
2. ❌ Text is displayed in a font size that is too small to read comfortably
|
| 476 |
+
|
| 477 |
+
</details>
|
| 478 |
+
|
| 479 |
+
<details>
|
| 480 |
+
<summary>📋 View Sample Analysis (Answer.AI)</summary>
|
| 481 |
+
|
| 482 |
+
**Positive Points:**
|
| 483 |
+
1. ✅ Reliably helps students complete homework across subjects and grade levels
|
| 484 |
+
2. ✅ Consistently delivers accurate, correct answers
|
| 485 |
+
3. ✅ Explains solutions step by step with reasoning
|
| 486 |
+
4. ✅ Provides answers very quickly with fast response times
|
| 487 |
+
5. ✅ Easy to use with intuitive interface and camera/scan input
|
| 488 |
+
|
| 489 |
+
**Negative Points:**
|
| 490 |
+
1. ❌ Frequently provides incorrect or incomplete answers (especially math/graphs)
|
| 491 |
+
2. ❌ Core features locked behind expensive paywall
|
| 492 |
+
3. ❌ Restrictive energy/points system limits free usage
|
| 493 |
+
4. ❌ App instability with crashes and broken features
|
| 494 |
+
5. ❌ Unreliable camera/scan and image recognition
|
| 495 |
+
|
| 496 |
+
</details>
|
| 497 |
+
|
| 498 |
+
**Key Insights from Theme Analysis:**
|
| 499 |
+
- **Most Praised**: Homework efficiency, step-by-step explanations, speed
|
| 500 |
+
- **Most Criticized**: Paywalls, accuracy issues, technical instability
|
| 501 |
+
- **Category Trends**: Homework helpers excel; LMS/language apps struggle
|
| 502 |
+
|
| 503 |
+
---
|
| 504 |
+
|
| 505 |
+
## 🚀 Installation
|
| 506 |
+
|
| 507 |
+
### Prerequisites
|
| 508 |
+
|
| 509 |
+
```bash
|
| 510 |
+
Python 3.8+
|
| 511 |
+
pip
|
| 512 |
+
```
|
| 513 |
+
|
| 514 |
+
### Setup
|
| 515 |
+
|
| 516 |
+
```bash
|
| 517 |
+
# Clone the repository
|
| 518 |
+
git clone https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent.git
|
| 519 |
+
cd GenAI-EdSent
|
| 520 |
+
|
| 521 |
+
# Install dependencies
|
| 522 |
+
pip install -r requirements.txt
|
| 523 |
+
```
|
| 524 |
+
|
| 525 |
+
### Required Libraries
|
| 526 |
+
|
| 527 |
+
- `transformers` (RoBERTa model)
|
| 528 |
+
- `openai` (GPT API access)
|
| 529 |
+
- `beautifulsoup4` / `selenium` (web scraping)
|
| 530 |
+
- `pandas`, `numpy` (data processing)
|
| 531 |
+
- `matplotlib`, `seaborn` (visualization)
|
| 532 |
+
|
| 533 |
+
---
|
| 534 |
+
|
| 535 |
+
## 🔬 Sample Usage
|
| 536 |
+
|
| 537 |
+
### 1. Sentiment Classification
|
| 538 |
+
|
| 539 |
+
```python
|
| 540 |
+
# Run RoBERTa-based sentiment analysis
|
| 541 |
+
python Positive_Negative_Points_Classifier.py
|
| 542 |
+
```
|
| 543 |
+
|
| 544 |
+
### 2. Extract Key Points
|
| 545 |
+
|
| 546 |
+
```python
|
| 547 |
+
# Use GPT-4o to extract themes from reviews
|
| 548 |
+
python Positive_Negative_Points_Generator.py
|
| 549 |
+
```
|
| 550 |
+
|
| 551 |
+
### 3. Generate Top Themes
|
| 552 |
+
|
| 553 |
+
```python
|
| 554 |
+
# Synthesize top 5 positive/negative points with GPT-5
|
| 555 |
+
python Top_5_Points_Generator.py
|
| 556 |
+
```
|
| 557 |
+
|
| 558 |
+
---
|
| 559 |
+
|
| 560 |
+
## 📚 Citation
|
| 561 |
+
|
| 562 |
+
If you use this work in your research, please cite:
|
| 563 |
+
|
| 564 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 565 |
+
@article{mazaheriyan2025genai,
|
| 566 |
+
title={Unveiling User Perceptions in the Generative AI Era: A Sentiment-Driven Evaluation of AI Educational Apps' Role in Digital Transformation of E-Teaching},
|
| 567 |
+
author={Mazaheriyan, Adeleh and Nourbakhsh, Erfan},
|
| 568 |
+
journal={arXiv preprint},
|
| 569 |
+
year={2025},
|
| 570 |
+
url={https://huggingface.co/papers/2512.11934},
|
| 571 |
+
}
|
| 572 |
+
```
|
| 573 |
+
|
| 574 |
+
---
|
| 575 |
+
|
| 576 |
+
## 👥 Meet the Researchers
|
| 577 |
+
|
| 578 |
+
<div align="center">
|
| 579 |
+
|
| 580 |
+
### 🌟 Behind the Research
|
| 581 |
+
|
| 582 |
+
*A collaborative effort bridging **educational theory** and **AI technology** to understand how generative AI is reshaping learning experiences worldwide.*
|
| 583 |
+
|
| 584 |
+
</div>
|
| 585 |
+
|
| 586 |
+
<table>
|
| 587 |
+
<tr>
|
| 588 |
+
<td align="center" width="50%">
|
| 589 |
+
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Education-Expert-9b59b6?style=for-the-badge" alt="Education Expert"/>
|
| 590 |
+
<h3>🎓 Adeleh Mazaheriyan</h3>
|
| 591 |
+
<p><em>Education Researcher</em></p>
|
| 592 |
+
<p>
|
| 593 |
+
<strong>Department of Education</strong><br>
|
| 594 |
+
Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
|
| 595 |
+
</p>
|
| 596 |
+
<p>
|
| 597 |
+
Specializes in <strong>pedagogical evaluation</strong> and <strong>digital transformation in e-teaching</strong>, bringing educational theory perspective to AI assessment.
|
| 598 |
+
</p>
|
| 599 |
+
<p>
|
| 600 |
+
📧 <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>
|
| 601 |
+
</p>
|
| 602 |
+
</td>
|
| 603 |
+
<td align="center" width="50%">
|
| 604 |
+
<img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/AI-Engineer-3498db?style=for-the-badge" alt="AI Engineer"/>
|
| 605 |
+
<h3>🤖 Erfan Nourbakhsh</h3>
|
| 606 |
+
<p><em>AI Researcher & Developer</em></p>
|
| 607 |
+
<p>
|
| 608 |
+
<strong>Artificial Intelligence Department</strong><br>
|
| 609 |
+
University of Isfahan, Iran
|
| 610 |
+
</p>
|
| 611 |
+
<p>
|
| 612 |
+
Expert in <strong>NLP</strong>, <strong>sentiment analysis</strong>, and <strong>LLM applications</strong>, developing the technical pipeline for large-scale review analysis.
|
| 613 |
+
</p>
|
| 614 |
+
<p>
|
| 615 |
+
📧 <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>
|
| 616 |
+
</p>
|
| 617 |
+
</td>
|
| 618 |
+
</tr>
|
| 619 |
+
</table>
|
| 620 |
+
|
| 621 |
+
<div>
|
| 622 |
+
|
| 623 |
+
### 🤝 Interdisciplinary Collaboration
|
| 624 |
+
|
| 625 |
+
This research exemplifies the power of **interdisciplinary collaboration**, combining:
|
| 626 |
+
- 📚 **Educational Theory** → Understanding pedagogical implications
|
| 627 |
+
- 🧠 **AI/ML Technology** → Analyzing 960K+ reviews at scale
|
| 628 |
+
- 📊 **Data Science** → Extracting actionable insights for stakeholders
|
| 629 |
+
|
| 630 |
+
*Together, we're working to ensure AI in education serves all learners equitably.*
|
| 631 |
+
|
| 632 |
+
</div>
|
| 633 |
+
|
| 634 |
+
---
|
| 635 |
+
|
| 636 |
+
## 🤝 Contributing
|
| 637 |
+
|
| 638 |
+
Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss proposed changes.
|
| 639 |
+
|
| 640 |
+
---
|
| 641 |
+
|
| 642 |
+
## 📄 License
|
| 643 |
+
|
| 644 |
+
This dataset is licensed under the CC-BY-4.0 License. The code is licensed under the MIT License.
|
| 645 |
+
|
| 646 |
+
---
|
| 647 |
+
|
| 648 |
+
## 🌟 Acknowledgments
|
| 649 |
+
|
| 650 |
+
We extend our gratitude to:
|
| 651 |
+
|
| 652 |
+
- **Microsoft Education** for the [2025 AI in Education Report](https://educate.microsoft.com/)
|
| 653 |
+
- **RAND Corporation** for K-12 AI adoption insights and teacher engagement studies
|
| 654 |
+
- **OpenAI & Hugging Face** for providing access to state-of-the-art language models (GPT-4o, GPT-5, RoBERTa)
|
| 655 |
+
- **Google Play Store** developers and the educational AI community
|
| 656 |
+
- **Thousands of users** whose reviews made this research possible
|
| 657 |
+
|
| 658 |
+
---
|
| 659 |
+
|
| 660 |
+
## 📞 Contact & Collaboration
|
| 661 |
+
|
| 662 |
+
We welcome questions, feedback, and collaboration opportunities!
|
| 663 |
+
|
| 664 |
+
**For Research Inquiries:**
|
| 665 |
+
- 📧 Email: [email protected] or [email protected]
|
| 666 |
+
- 🤗 Dataset: [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/datasets/Erfan-Nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent)
|
| 667 |
+
|
| 668 |
+
**Interested in:**
|
| 669 |
+
- Collaborative research on AI in education?
|
| 670 |
+
- Extending this analysis to other platforms (Apple App Store, web apps)?
|
| 671 |
+
- Developing predictive models for app success?
|
| 672 |
+
- Contributing to the codebase?
|
| 673 |
+
|
| 674 |
+
*We'd love to hear from you!* 💬
|
| 675 |
+
|
| 676 |
+
---
|
| 677 |
+
|
| 678 |
+
<div align="center">
|
| 679 |
+
|
| 680 |
+
### ⭐ If you find this research useful, please star the repository! ⭐
|
| 681 |
+
|
| 682 |
+
[](https://github.com/erfan-nourbakhsh/GenAI-EdSent)
|
| 683 |
+
|
| 684 |
+
*Advancing equitable, innovative e-teaching through user-driven AI insights*
|
| 685 |
+
|
| 686 |
+
---
|
| 687 |
|
| 688 |
+
Made with ❤️ for the future of education
|
| 689 |
|
| 690 |
+
</div>
|
|
|